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351. Assessment and Prediction of Swimming Performance Using the SWOLF Index

Author

Madou, Tom, Vanluyten, Kian, Martens, Jonas, and Iserbyt, Peter

Abstract

In this paper, we report on the use of the swim golf (SWOLF) index as a method for assessing and predicting swimming performance. The SWOLF index is the sum of the number of arm strokes and the time needed to cover a certain distance. A reduction of the SWOLF index means improved swimming performance since a decrease of this index reflects higher technical ability and/or higher swimming speed. A total of 188 freshmen university students in Movement Sciences (59 girls, 129 boys, mean age 19 years), enrolled in an 11-lesson crawl unit, participated in this study. Front crawl was taught by a certified teacher using direct instruction (8 lessons) and peer learning (2 lessons), aiming to improve performance and skill analysis. Before and after the crawl unit, students' SWOLF index was calculated during a 50-meter sprint test. Results demonstrated a significant decrease of the SWOLF index for both female (p < 0.001, d = 0.88) and male (p < 0.001, d = 0.54) students from pretest to posttest. Based on these results, SWOLF-charts were produced visualizing expected learning outcomes based on performance level at course entry. To conclude, the SWOLF index is a promising tool for assessing swimming performance. In addition, SWOLF index percentiles can be used to predict and target individual swimming performance after well-defined educational interventions. Future work could investigate the generalizability and applicability of the SWOLF index to assess and predict swimming performance in a variety of settings.

Published
2023
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352. Authenticity of Tasks in Online ESL/EFL Learning to Foster Transfer

Author

Anagnostopoulou, Angeliki, Hummel, Hans G. K., and Martens, Rob

Abstract

Authentic learning tasks, resembling life-like situations, have been effectively used in this research with Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) of English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL). The present study also focuses on the implementation of the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach in ESL/EFL teaching comparing two online courses, a course containing more "traditional" tasks with one consisting of less authentic tasks. For more meaningful learning, a sufficient level of authenticity to enable holistic teaching is required. Towards this goal, the study put into effect two e-courses, with 50 participants, differing distinctly in levels of authenticity. The Method section describes the three instruments, used to collect the relevant data, which will provide answers to the equally posed three research questions. Specifically, the Integrative Learning Value (ILV) instrument measured knowledge transfer, the Approaches to Teaching Inventory (ATI) students' learning performance in relation to more or less teacher/student-centered teaching strategies as well as the 5-Dimensional Framework for Authenticity (5DF) instrument for student perceived authenticity. Finally, results are presented and conclusions are discussed.

Published
2023
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353. Gamification in Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: A Systematic Review of Duolingo Literature from Public Release of 2012 to Early 2020

Author

Shortt, Mitchell, Tilak, Shantanu, Kuznetcova, Irina, Martens, Bethany, and Akinkuolie, Babatunde

Abstract

More than 300 million people use the gamified mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) application (app) Duolingo. The challenging tasks, reward incentives, systematic levels, and the ranking of users according to their achievements are just some of the elements that demonstrate strong gamification elements within this popular language learning application. This application's pervasive reach, flexible functionality, and freemium business model has brought significant attention to gamification in MALL. The present systematic review aims to summarize different methods, frameworks, settings, and research samples used to assess Duolingo's design and impact on various learning outcomes. We carried out a complete database search for articles focused on the issues of design, application, and pedagogies in the use of Duolingo. Three hundred and sixty-seven records were initially found, and 35 of those were selected for final inclusion based on language choice, theoretical frameworks, design, sampling, data collection, and analyses (see Appendix 1 for full list). The results indicated that the majority of research from 2012-2020 was design-focused, quantitative in nature, and used non-probability sampling methods. The focus on app design marks an emphasis on the creation of tools rather than the process and outcomes of language learning from using these tools. Additional results revealed preferences for performance-based research questions, for English as language of choice in research, and for the USA as the most prominent context for Duolingo research studies. Furthermore, our review highlights research gaps specific to Duolingo, yet generalizable to other MALL applications. The results are useful to researchers seeking to assess, evaluate, and understand MALL, gamification, and Duolingo as well as to practitioners interested in utilizing MALL in formal and informal learning environments.

Published
2023
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354. Leading through Crisis: Chancellor Frederic Aldin Hall

Author

Bretscher, Luke Paul Martens

Abstract

Modern chief administrators in higher education are facing a moment of significant crisis. Confidence in higher education decreases yearly, a growing anti-intellectual movement erodes trust, and educators feel ill-prepared for contemporary challenges. The pressures of the role lead to shorter tenures in the chief academic position. So, academic leaders must identify how to navigate crises better. From 1913 to 1923, Dr. Frederic Aldin Hall led Washington University (now Washington University in Saint Louis) as chancellor. Hall guided the institution through a tumultuous period of the Great War and the world-wide influenza pandemic. During his tenure, Chancellor Hall transformed Washington University. Under his leadership, the campus experienced tremendous enrollment growth, opened the school of business, dedicated a new medical campus (at the current medical school location), and advocated for equity in academia. Chancellor Hall led the university in an era "peculiarly filled with problems of unrest and complications," such as unrest and world-wide violence (particularly in Europe), global health and medical emergencies, and political controversy over civil rights and equity. This narrative study will take a biographical approach to understand the life of Chancellor Hall and identify how academic leaders can lead through moments of crisis or controversy. This study will employ both primary source document analysis to build the narrative and provide some context for the environment and experiences of students and staff at Washington University during Hall's leadership. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2023

355. Digital Support for the Pre-Student Phase Is Successful

Author

International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Drews, Pia, and Martens, Alke

Abstract

Juniorstudy is a concept of the University of Rostock, which can be used by school students before starting their time at the University. Thus, it is an instrument of supporting the choice of study direction. Moreover, we have been able to show in our last cohort, that using Juniorstudy courses also helps to significantly enhance the knowledge required to start the university study, thus our courses become an important tool for bridging the gap between school and University. In this paper we will show the results of our study which shows that our approach improves the students' knowledge and thus facilitates being successful in testes and exams in the basic courses in the first term.

Published
2020

356. Radiation hardness study using SiPMs with single-cell readout

Author

Garutti, E., Popova, E., Parygin, P., Bychkova, O., Kaminsky, A., Martens, S., Schwandt, J., and Stifutkin, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A dedicated single-cell SiPM structure is designed and measured to investigate the radiation damage effects on the gain and turn-off voltage of SiPMs exposed to a reactor neutron fluence up to $\Phi$ = 5e13 cm$^{-2}$. The cell has a pitch of 15 $\mu$m. The fluence dependence of gain and turn-off voltage are reported. A reduction of the gain by 19% and an increase of $V_{off}$ by $\approx$0.5 V is observed after $\Phi$ = 5e13 cm$^{-2}$., Comment: 6 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021

357. NMR crystallography reveals carbonate induced Al-ordering in ZnAl layered double hydroxide

Author

Radhakrishnan, Sambhu, Lauwers, Karl, Chandran, C. Vinod, Trebosc, Julien, Martens, Johan A., Taulelle, Francis, Kirschhock, Christine E. A., and Breynaert, Eric

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) serve a score of applications in catalysis, drug delivery, and environmental remediation. Smarter crystallography, combining X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy revealed how interplay between carbonate and pH determines the LDH structure and Al ordering in ZnAl LDH. Carbonate intercalated ZnAl LDHs were synthesized at different pH (pH 8.5, pH 10.0, pH 12.5) with a Zn/Al ratio of 2, without subsequent hydrothermal treatment to avoid extensive recrystallisation. In ideal configuration, all Al cations should be part of the LDH and be coordinated with 6 Zn atoms, but NMR revealed two different Al local environments were present in all samples in a ratio dependent on synthesis pH. NMR-crystallography, integrating NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, succeeded to identify them as Al residing in the highly ordered crystalline phase, next to Al in disordered material. With increasing synthesis pH, crystallinity increased, and the side phase fraction decreased. Using 1 H-13 C, 13 C-27 Al HETCOR NMR in combination with 27 Al MQMAS, 27 Al-DQ-SQ measurements and Rietveld refinement on high-resolution PXRD data, the extreme anion exchange selectivity of these LDHs for CO3 2-over HCO3-was linked to strict Al and CO3 2-ordering in the crystalline LDH. Even upon equilibration of the LDH in pure NaHCO3 solutions, only CO3 2-was adsorbed by the LDH. This reveals the structure directing role of bivalent cations such as CO3 2-during crystallization of [M 2+ 4M 3+ 2(OH)2] 2+ [A 2-]1.yH2O LDH phases.

Published
2021
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358. On the origin of chirality in plasmonic meta-molecules

Author

Martens, Kevin, Funck, Timon, Santiago, Eva Y., Govorov, Alexander O., Burger, Sven, and Liedl, Tim

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Chirality is a fundamental feature in all domains of nature, ranging from particle physics over electromagnetism to chemistry and biology. Chiral objects lack a mirror plane and inversion symmetry and therefore cannot be spatially aligned with their mirrored counterpart, their enantiomer. Both natural molecules and artificial chiral nanostructures can be characterized by their light-matter interaction, which is reflected in circular dichroism (CD). Using DNA origami, we assemble model meta-molecules from multiple plasmonic nanoparticles, representing meta-atoms accurately positioned in space. This allows us to reconstruct piece by piece the impact of varying macromolecular geometries on their surrounding optical near fields. Next to the emergence of CD signatures in the instance that we architect a third dimension, we design and implement sign flipping signals through addition or removal of single particles in the artificial molecules. Our data and theoretical modelling reveal the hitherto unrecognized phenomenon of chiral plasmonic-dielectric coupling, explaining the intricate electromagnetic interactions within hybrid DNA-based plasmonic nanostructures., Comment: Article and Supporting Information

Published
2021
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359. Rapid training of deep neural networks without skip connections or normalization layers using Deep Kernel Shaping

Author

Martens, James, Ballard, Andy, Desjardins, Guillaume, Swirszcz, Grzegorz, Dalibard, Valentin, Sohl-Dickstein, Jascha, and Schoenholz, Samuel S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Abstract

Using an extended and formalized version of the Q/C map analysis of Poole et al. (2016), along with Neural Tangent Kernel theory, we identify the main pathologies present in deep networks that prevent them from training fast and generalizing to unseen data, and show how these can be avoided by carefully controlling the "shape" of the network's initialization-time kernel function. We then develop a method called Deep Kernel Shaping (DKS), which accomplishes this using a combination of precise parameter initialization, activation function transformations, and small architectural tweaks, all of which preserve the model class. In our experiments we show that DKS enables SGD training of residual networks without normalization layers on Imagenet and CIFAR-10 classification tasks at speeds comparable to standard ResNetV2 and Wide-ResNet models, with only a small decrease in generalization performance. And when using K-FAC as the optimizer, we achieve similar results for networks without skip connections. Our results apply for a large variety of activation functions, including those which traditionally perform very badly, such as the logistic sigmoid. In addition to DKS, we contribute a detailed analysis of skip connections, normalization layers, special activation functions like RELU and SELU, and various initialization schemes, explaining their effectiveness as alternative (and ultimately incomplete) ways of "shaping" the network's initialization-time kernel.

Published
2021

360. Multi-Static UWB Radar-based Passive Human Tracking Using COTS Devices

Author

Li, Chenglong, Tanghe, Emmeric, Fontaine, Jaron, Martens, Luc, Romme, Jac, Singh, Gaurav, De Poorter, Eli, and Joseph, Wout

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Due to its high delay resolution, the ultra-wideband (UWB) technique has been widely adopted for fine-grained indoor localization. Instead of active positioning, UWB radar-based passive human tracking is explored using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. To extract the time-of-flight (ToF) reflected by the moving person, the accumulated channel impulse responses (CIR) and the corresponding variances are used to train the convolutional neural networks (CNN) model. Particle filter algorithm is adopted to track the moving person based on the extracted ToFs of all pairs of links. Experimental results show that the proposed CIR- and variance-based CNN models achieve less than 30-cm root-mean-square errors (RMSEs). Especially, the variance-based CNN model is robust to the scenario changing and promising for practical applications.

Published
2021
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361. A Survey of Spatio-Temporal Couplings throughout High-Power Ultrashort Lasers

Author

Jeandet, Antoine, Jolly, Spencer W., Borot, Antonin, Bussière, Benoît, Dumont, Paul, Gautier, Julien, Gobert, Olivier, Goddet, Jean-Philippe, Gonsalves, Anthony, Leemans, Wim P., Lopez-Martens, Rodrigo, Mennerat, Gabriel, Nakamura, Kei, Ouillé, Marie, Pariente, Gustave, Pittman, Moana, Püschel, Thomas, Sanson, Fabrice, Sylla, François, Thaury, Cédric, Zeil, Karl, and Quéré, Fabien

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The investigation of spatio-temporal couplings (STCs) of broadband light beams is becoming a key topic for the optimization as well as applications of ultrashort laser systems. This calls for accurate measurements of STCs. Yet, it is only recently that such complete spatio-temporal or spatio-spectral characterization has become possible, and it has so far mostly been implemented at the output of the laser systems, where experiments take place. In this survey, we present for the first time STC measurements at different stages of a collection of high-power ultrashort laser systems, all based on the chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) technique, but with very different output characteristics. This measurement campaign reveals spatio-temporal effects with various sources, and motivates the expanded use of STC characterization throughout CPA laser chains, as well as in a wider range of types of ultrafast laser systems. In this way knowledge will be gained not only about potential defects, but also about the fundamental dynamics and operating regimes of advanced ultrashort laser systems.

Published
2021
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362. Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background Search at Super-Kamiokande

Author

Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Pronost, G., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Bergu, D., Labarga, L., Marti, Ll., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Mine, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Cao, S., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Gonin, M., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Kotsar, Y., Nakano, Y., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ali, A., Ashida, Y., Feng, J., Hirota, S., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Niwa, T., Sato, K., Tsukada, M., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mijakowski, P., Zalipska, J., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Boschi, T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Yang, J. Y., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Ichikawa, A. K., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., de Perio, P., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Zhang, Y., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., and Sasaki, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A new search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) flux has been conducted at Super-Kamiokande (SK), with a $22.5\times2970$-kton$\cdot$day exposure from its fourth operational phase IV. The new analysis improves on the existing background reduction techniques and systematic uncertainties and takes advantage of an improved neutron tagging algorithm to lower the energy threshold compared to the previous phases of SK. This allows for setting the world's most stringent upper limit on the extraterrestrial $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux, for neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. The SK-IV results are combined with the ones from the first three phases of SK to perform a joint analysis using $22.5\times5823$ kton$\cdot$days of data. This analysis has the world's best sensitivity to the DSNB $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux, comparable to the predictions from various models. For neutrino energies larger than 17.3 MeV, the new combined $90\%$ C.L. upper limits on the DSNB $\bar{\nu}_e$ flux lie around $2.7$ cm$^{-2}$$\cdot$$\text{sec}^{-1}$, strongly disfavoring the most optimistic predictions. Finally, potentialities of the gadolinium phase of SK and the future Hyper-Kamiokande experiment are discussed., Comment: 42 pages, 37 figures, 14 tables

Published
2021
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363. Single-stage few-cycle nonlinear compression of milliJoule energy Ti:Sa femtosecond pulses in a multipass cell

Author

Daniault, Louis, Cheng, Zhao, Kaur, Jaismeen, Hergott, Jean-FranÇOis, RÉau, Fabrice, Tcherbakoff, Olivier, Daher, Nour, DÉlen, Xavier, Hanna, Marc, and Lopez-Martens, Rodrigo

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We report on the nonlinear temporal compression of mJ energy pulses from a Ti:Sa chirped pulse amplifier system in a multipass cell filled with argon. The pulses are compressed from 30 fs down to 5.3 fs, corresponding to two optical cycles. The post-compressed beam exhibits excellent spatial quality and homogeneity. These results pave the way to robust and energy-scalable compression of Ti:Sa pulses down to the few-cycle regime.

Published
2021
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364. First Gadolinium Loading to Super-Kamiokande

Author

Abe, K., Bronner, C., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Ikeda, M., Imaizumi, S., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nagao, Y., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Okada, T., Okamoto, K., Orii, A., Pronost, G., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Han, S., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Xia, J., Megias, G. D., Bravo-Berguno, D., Labarga, L., Marti, Ll., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Blaszczyk, F. d. M., Kearns, E., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Mine, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Hill, J., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Park, R. G., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Gonin, M., Mueller, Th. A., Paganini, P., Quilain, B., Ishizuka, T., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Learned, J. G., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Cao, S., Berardi, V., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Calabria, N. F., Machado, L. N., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ospina, N., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Boschi, T., Gao, J., Di Lodovico, F., Migenda, J., Taani, M., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Nakano, Y., Ozaki, H., Shiozawa, T., Suzuki, A. T., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Ali, A., Ashida, Y., Feng, J., Hirota, S., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Fernandez, P., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tsui, K. M., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Niwa, T., Sato, K., Tsukada, M., Lagoda, J., Lakshmi, S. M., Mijakowski, P., Zalipska, J., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Vilela, C., Wilking, M. J., Yanagisawa, C., Hagiwara, K., Harada, M., Horai, T., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, F., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Piplani, N., Sakai, S., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Goldsack, A., Samani, S., Wark, D., Nova, F., Yang, J. Y., Jenkins, S. J., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Okazawa, H., Kim, S. B., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Iwamoto, K., Nakajima, Y., Ogawa, N., Yokoyama, M., Martens, K., Vagins, M. R., Kuze, M., Izumiyama, S., Yoshida, T., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Matsumoto, R., Ohta, K., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Akutsu, R., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., de Perio, P., Prouse, N. W., Chen, S., Xu, B. D., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Hadley, D., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Jamieson, B., Walker, J., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., and Sasaki, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

In order to improve Super-Kamiokande's neutron detection efficiency and to thereby increase its sensitivity to the diffuse supernova neutrino background flux, 13 tons of $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ (gadolinium sulfate octahydrate) was dissolved into the detector's otherwise ultrapure water from July 14 to August 17, 2020, marking the start of the SK-Gd phase of operations. During the loading, water was continuously recirculated at a rate of 60 m$^3$/h, extracting water from the top of the detector and mixing it with concentrated $\rm Gd_2(\rm SO_4)_3\cdot \rm 8H_2O$ solution to create a 0.02% solution of the Gd compound before injecting it into the bottom of the detector. A clear boundary between the Gd-loaded and pure water was maintained through the loading, enabling monitoring of the loading itself and the spatial uniformity of the Gd concentration over the 35 days it took to reach the top of the detector. During the subsequent commissioning the recirculation rate was increased to 120 m$^3$/h, resulting in a constant and uniform distribution of Gd throughout the detector and water transparency equivalent to that of previous pure-water operation periods. Using an Am-Be neutron calibration source the mean neutron capture time was measured to be $115\pm1$ $\mu$s, which corresponds to a Gd concentration of $111\pm2$ ppm, as expected for this level of Gd loading. This paper describes changes made to the water circulation system for this detector upgrade, the Gd loading procedure, detector commissioning, and the first neutron calibration measurements in SK-Gd., Comment: 37 pages, 19 Figures, Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2021
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365. Residual stress in athermal soft disordered solids: insights from microscopic and mesoscale models

Author

Vasisht, Vishwas V., Chaudhuri, Pinaki, and Martens, Kirsten

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

In soft amorphous materials, shear cessation after large shear deformation leads to structures having residual shear stress. The origin of these states and the distribution of the local shear stresses within the material is not well understood, despite its importance for the change in material properties and consequent applications. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations of a model dense non-Brownian soft amorphous material to probe the non-trivial relaxation process towards a residual stress state. We find that, similar to thermal glasses, an increase in shear rate prior to the shear cessation leads to lower residual stress states. We rationalise our findings using a mesoscopic elasto-plastic description that explicitly includes a long range elastic response to local shear transformations. We find that after flow cessation the initial stress relaxation indeed depends on the pre-sheared stress state, but the final residual stress is majorly determined by newly activated plastic events occurring during the relaxation process. Our simplified coarse grained description not only allows to capture the phenomenology of residual stress states but also to rationalise the altered material properties that are probed using small and large deformation protocols applied to the relaxed material., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021

366. Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites

Author

Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Cimental Chavez, A. P., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D’Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Marrodán Undagoitia, T., Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Rajado Silva, M., Ramírez García, D., Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., dos Santos, J. M. F., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H.-C., Schulze Eißing, H., Schumann, M., Scotto Lavina, L., Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P.-L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K.

Published
2024
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368. Interfacial alloying between lead halide perovskite crystals and hybrid glasses

Author

Li, Xuemei, Huang, Wengang, Krajnc, Andraž, Yang, Yuwei, Shukla, Atul, Lee, Jaeho, Ghasemi, Mehri, Martens, Isaac, Chan, Bun, Appadoo, Dominique, Chen, Peng, Wen, Xiaoming, Steele, Julian A., Hackbarth, Haira G., Sun, Qiang, Mali, Gregor, Lin, Rijia, Bedford, Nicholas M., Chen, Vicki, Cheetham, Anthony K., Tizei, Luiz H. G., Collins, Sean M., Wang, Lianzhou, and Hou, Jingwei

Published
2023
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377. Infection- or AZD1222 vaccine-mediated immunity reduces SARS-CoV-2 transmission but increases Omicron competitiveness in hamsters

Author

Port, Julia R., Yinda, Claude Kwe, Riopelle, Jade C., Weishampel, Zachary A., Saturday, Taylor A., Avanzato, Victoria A., Schulz, Jonathan E., Holbrook, Myndi G., Barbian, Kent, Perry-Gottschalk, Rose, Haddock, Elaine, Martens, Craig, Shaia, Carl. I., Lambe, Teresa, Gilbert, Sarah C., van Doremalen, Neeltje, and Munster, Vincent J.

Published
2023
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379. Search for 22Na in novae supported by a novel method for measuring femtosecond nuclear lifetimes

Author

Fougères, Chloé, de Oliveira Santos, François, José, Jordi, Michelagnoli, Caterina, Clément, Emmanuel, Kim, Yung Hee, Lemasson, Antoine, Guimarães, Valdir, Barrientos, Diego, Bemmerer, Daniel, Benzoni, Giovanna, Boston, Andrew J., Böttger, Roman, Boulay, Florent, Bracco, Angela, Čeliković, Igor, Cederwall, Bo, Ciemala, Michał, Delafosse, Clément, Domingo-Pardo, César, Dudouet, Jérémie, Eberth, Jürgen, Fülöp, Zsolt, González, Vicente, Gottardo, Andrea, Goupil, Johan, Hess, Herbert, Jungclaus, Andrea, Kaşkaş, Ayşe, Korichi, Amel, Lenzi, Silvia M., Leoni, Silvia, Li, Hongjie, Ljungvall, Joa, Lopez-Martens, Araceli, Menegazzo, Roberto, Mengoni, Daniele, Million, Benedicte, Mrázek, Jaromír, Napoli, Daniel R., Navin, Alahari, Nyberg, Johan, Podolyák, Zsolt, Pullia, Alberto, Quintana, Begoña, Ralet, Damien, Redon, Nadine, Reiter, Peter, Rezynkina, Kseniia, Saillant, Frédéric, Salsac, Marie-Delphine, Sánchez-Benítez, Angel M., Sanchis, Enrique, Şenyiğit, Menekşe, Siciliano, Marco, Smirnova, Nadezda A., Sohler, Dorottya, Stanoiu, Mihai, Theisen, Christophe, Valiente-Dobón, Jose J., Ujić, Predrag, and Zielińska, Magdalena

Published
2023
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381. Author Correction: Genomics and biochemical analyses reveal a metabolon key to β-L-ODAP biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus

Author

Edwards, Anne, Njaci, Isaac, Sarkar, Abhimanyu, Jiang, Zhouqian, Kaithakottil, Gemy George, Moore, Christopher, Cheema, Jitender, Stevenson, Clare E. M., Rejzek, Martin, Novák, Petr, Vigouroux, Marielle, Vickers, Martin, Wouters, Roland H. M., Paajanen, Pirita, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Moore, Jonathan D., Higgins, Janet, Swarbreck, David, Martens, Stefan, Kim, Colin Y., Weng, Jing-Ke, Mundree, Sagadevan, Kilian, Benjamin, Kumar, Shiv, Loose, Matt, Yant, Levi, Macas, Jiří, Wang, Trevor L., Martin, Cathie, and Emmrich, Peter M. F.

Published
2023
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382. Prehabilitation in older patients prior to elective cardiac procedures (PRECOVERY): study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Author

Steinmetz, Carolin, Heinemann, Stephanie, Kutschka, Ingo, Hasenfuß, Gerd, Asendorf, Thomas, Remppis, Bjoern Andrew, Knoglinger, Ernst, Grefe, Clemens, Albes, Johannes Maximilian, Baraki, Hassina, Baumbach, Christian, Brunner, Susanne, Ernst, Susann, Harringer, Wolfgang, Heider, Dirk, Heidkamp, Daniela, Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph, Hummers, Eva, Kocar, Thomas, König, Hans-Helmut, Krieger, Simone, Liebold, Andreas, Martens, Andreas, Matzeder, Marcus, Mellert, Friedrich, Müller, Christiane, Puls, Miriam, Reiss, Nils, Schikora, Martin, Schmidt, Thomas, Vestweber, Martin, Sadlonova, Monika, and von Arnim, Christine A. F.

Published
2023
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383. Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19

Author

Robertson, Shelly J., Bedard, Olivia, McNally, Kristin L., Shaia, Carl, Clancy, Chad S., Lewis, Matthew, Broeckel, Rebecca M., Chiramel, Abhilash I., Shannon, Jeffrey G., Sturdevant, Gail L., Rosenke, Rebecca, Anzick, Sarah L., Forte, Elvira, Preuss, Christoph, Baker, Candice N., Harder, Jeffrey M., Brunton, Catherine, Munger, Steven, Bruno, Daniel P., Lack, Justin B., Leung, Jacqueline M., Shamsaddini, Amirhossein, Gardina, Paul, Sturdevant, Daniel E., Sun, Jian, Martens, Craig, Holland, Steven M., Rosenthal, Nadia A., and Best, Sonja M.

Published
2023
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384. Obesity-associated changes in molecular biology of primary breast cancer

Author

Nguyen, Ha-Linh, Geukens, Tatjana, Maetens, Marion, Aparicio, Samuel, Bassez, Ayse, Borg, Ake, Brock, Jane, Broeks, Annegien, Caldas, Carlos, Cardoso, Fatima, De Schepper, Maxim, Delorenzi, Mauro, Drukker, Caroline A., Glas, Annuska M., Green, Andrew R., Isnaldi, Edoardo, Eyfjörð, Jórunn, Khout, Hazem, Knappskog, Stian, Krishnamurthy, Savitri, Lakhani, Sunil R., Langerod, Anita, Martens, John W. M., McCart Reed, Amy E., Murphy, Leigh, Naulaerts, Stefan, Nik-Zainal, Serena, Nevelsteen, Ines, Neven, Patrick, Piccart, Martine, Poncet, Coralie, Punie, Kevin, Purdie, Colin, Rakha, Emad A., Richardson, Andrea, Rutgers, Emiel, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Simpson, Peter T., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Sotiriou, Christos, Span, Paul N., Tan, Kiat Tee Benita, Thompson, Alastair, Tommasi, Stefania, Van Baelen, Karen, Van de Vijver, Marc, Van Laere, Steven, van’t Veer, Laura, Viale, Giuseppe, Viari, Alain, Vos, Hanne, Witteveen, Anke T., Wildiers, Hans, Floris, Giuseppe, Garg, Abhishek D., Smeets, Ann, Lambrechts, Diether, Biganzoli, Elia, Richard, François, and Desmedt, Christine

Published
2023
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389. The INFINITY study protocol: a retrospective cohort study on decision making and clinical impact of biomarker-driven precision oncology in routine clinical practice

Author

Martens, Uwe M., Schröder, Jan, Bengsch, Fee, Sellmann, Ludger, Busies, Sabine, Frank-Gleich, Stefanie, Zaiss, Matthias, Decker, Thomas, Schneeweiss, Andreas, Schuler, Martin, Grebhardt, Sina, Zacharias, Stefan, Marschner, Norbert, Kasenda, Benjamin, Potthoff, Karin, and Vannier, Corinne

Published
2023
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394. Genomics and biochemical analyses reveal a metabolon key to β-L-ODAP biosynthesis in Lathyrus sativus

Author

Edwards, Anne, Njaci, Isaac, Sarkar, Abhimanyu, Jiang, Zhouqian, Kaithakottil, Gemy George, Moore, Christopher, Cheema, Jitender, Stevenson, Clare E. M., Rejzek, Martin, Novák, Petr, Vigouroux, Marielle, Vickers, Martin, Wouters, Roland H. M., Paajanen, Pirita, Steuernagel, Burkhard, Moore, Jonathan D., Higgins, Janet, Swarbreck, David, Martens, Stefan, Kim, Colin Y., Weng, Jing-Ke, Mundree, Sagadevan, Kilian, Benjamin, Kumar, Shiv, Loose, Matt, Yant, Levi, Macas, Jiří, Wang, Trevor L., Martin, Cathie, and Emmrich, Peter M. F.

Published
2023
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397. Breast cancer genomes from CHEK2 c.1100delC mutation carriers lack somatic TP53 mutations and display a unique structural variant size distribution profile

Author

Smid, Marcel, Schmidt, Marjanka K., Prager-van der Smissen, Wendy J. C., Ruigrok-Ritstier, Kirsten, Schreurs, Maartje A. C., Cornelissen, Sten, Garcia, Aida Marsal, Broeks, Annegien, Timmermans, A. Mieke, Trapman-Jansen, Anita M. A. C., Collée, J. Margriet, Adank, Muriel A., Hooning, Maartje J., Martens, John W. M., and Hollestelle, Antoinette

Published
2023
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398. Genome-wide association study of brain biochemical phenotypes reveals distinct genetic architecture of Alzheimer’s disease related proteins

Author

Oatman, Stephanie R., Reddy, Joseph S., Quicksall, Zachary, Carrasquillo, Minerva M., Wang, Xue, Liu, Chia-Chen, Yamazaki, Yu, Nguyen, Thuy T., Malphrus, Kimberly, Heckman, Michael, Biswas, Kristi, Nho, Kwangsik, Baker, Matthew, Martens, Yuka A., Zhao, Na, Kim, Jun Pyo, Risacher, Shannon L., Rademakers, Rosa, Saykin, Andrew J., DeTure, Michael, Murray, Melissa E., Kanekiyo, Takahisa, Dickson, Dennis W., Bu, Guojun, Allen, Mariet, and Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer

Published
2023
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