Search

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that gives recommendations on how to summarize clearly and simply research data in tables, figures, charts, or graphs. Before performing a descriptive analysis it is paramount to summarize its goal or goals, and to identify the measurement scales of the different variables recorded in the study. Tables or charts aim to provide timely information on the results of an investigation. The graphs show trends and can be histograms, pie charts, "box and whiskers" plots, line graphs, or scatter plots. Images serve as examples to reinforce concepts or facts. The choice of a chart, graph, or image must be based on the study objectives. Usually it is not recommended to use more than seven in an article, also depending on its length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypospadias are defects in the clousure of the urethra. Their identification and treatment should be done at the time of birth and be attended by pediatric urologists. Pediatricians should identify their presence, advising parents, and promptly refer patients for surgical treatment. Different answers to frequently asked questions regarding hypospadias are given in this review. It is priority to repair this malformation between 3 and 18 months of age, according to the type of hypospadias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tetrahydro-1-benzazepines have been described as potential antiparasitic drugs for the treatment of chagas disease and leishmaniasis, two of the most important so-called `forgotten tropical diseases' affecting South and Central America, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania chagasi parasites, respectively. Continuing our extensive work describing the structural characteristics of some related compounds with interesting biological properties, the crystallographic features of three epoxy-1-benzazepines, namely (2 SR,4 RS)-6,8-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (1), (2 SR,4 RS)-6,9-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (2), and (2 SR,4 RS)-8,9-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1,4-epoxy-1-benzazepine, (3), all C22H21NO, and two 1-benzazepin-4-ols, namely 7-fluoro- cis-2-[( E)-styryl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1-benzazepin-4-ol, C18H18FNO, (4), and 7-fluoro- cis-2-[( E)-pent-1-enyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1-benzazepin-4-ol, C15H20FNO, (5), are described. Some peculiarities in the crystallization behaviour were found, involving significant variations in the crystalline structures as a result of modest changes in the peripheral substituents in (1)-(3) and the occurrence of discrete disorder due to the molecular overlay of enantiomers with more than one conformation in (5). In particular, an interesting phase change on cooling was observed for compound (5), accompanied by an approximate fourfold increase of the unit-cell volume and a change of the Z′ value from 1 to 4. This transition is a consequence of the partial ordering of the pentenyl chains in half of the molecules breaking half of the symmetry axes observed in the room-temperature structure of (5). The structural assembly in all the title compounds is characterized by not only (N,O)-H...(O,N) hydrogen bonds, but also by unconventional C-H...O contacts, resulting in a wide diversity of packing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Suck dysfunction in breastfeeding infants has an impact on their appropriate nutrition. The objective was to build and validate one clinical nutritional sucking scale in the components of sucking, swallowing, and respiration. Methods: The scale was carried out in two phases: face-validity and psychometric validity. The first was done by expert consensus. For the second phase, 179 infants (153 healthy newborn and 26 infant less than 6 month of age) and 86 infants with high risk for abnormal sucking were evaluated with the new scale. Three observers evaluated all patients during their feeding. With an initial scale of 10 items we calculated the interobserver concordance and the internal consistence. With an analysis of the mail components and a discrimination index we reduced to pertinent items. Each component of the scale was compared with clinical variables. Results: We reached a 7 items scale, which showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 0.77 and inter-observer concordance of 0.98. The suck component correlated positively with the ingested volume (Ro = 0.61), the swallow component with the peripheral oxygen saturation (Ro = 0.24), and the breath component with the respiratory frequency (Ro = 0.50). With this scale, we can establish different patterns of sucking abnormalities related with history of neurological abnormalities, hemodynamic alteration and immaturity. Conclusions: In this study the clinical nutritional scale showed to be reliable and valid for its use in sucking problems classification. More studies are required to evaluate its application for oral stimulation therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sanidad Militar is the property of Direccion General de Sanidad Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sanidad Militar is the property of Direccion General de Sanidad Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the morbidity and mortality in caesarean section preterm borned twins, as well as if the order in which the twins are born can influence the probability of complications. Methods: A prospective cohort of twins before the 37 week of gestation in the Hospital Español de México by caesarean section from December of 2009 to December 2013. The groups were considered as twin B (second and a risk) compared to their twin A. Apgar scales was used, the probable outcomes were; death, pulmonary complications, neurological complications and digestive complications. Results: 244 pair of twins (n = 488), 81.9% (200) with the same nutritional condition al birth and 21.3% (104) with low weight. In regard to Apgar Scale, 96.9%scored 9 to 10. The most seen complication was respiratory distress syndrome in 74.5% (344) of the new born (177 twin A and 167 twin B). In a logistic regression model it was found that the newborn with low weight had a 2.1 (95% CI 1.1-3.9, p < 0.0001) more chance of probability of presenting necrotizing enterocolitis and 2.6 (95% CI 1.5-4.7, p = 0.001) more chance of probability of presenting sepsis as when compared with normal weight newborned twins. Conclusions: The order in which the twins are born does not appear to influenced in a greater risk of nenonatal complicationes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of the Mn precursor on the formation of polytypes was studied within the Ba–Ce–Mn–O system. Minor changes in the mean oxidation state of Mn cations guide the reaction route through different pathways to obtain the iso-stoichiometric 12R-Ba4CeMn4O12−δ or 10H-Ba5Ce1.25Mn3.75O15−δ compounds. This behaviour was controlled using MnO2 or MnCO3 as starting chemical precursors. The understanding of such tendencies allowed the synthesis of the new 10H-Ba5Ce0.83Mn4.17O15−δ composition through a two-step reaction route. This compound crystallizes in a hexagonal symmetry with space group P63/mmc (No. 194) and cell parameters a = b = 5.77650(6) Å and c = 23.8590(4) Å. Its main characteristic is the presence of pure [Mn4O15] oligomers, establishing a difference with respect to the already known 10H-Ba5Ce1.25Mn3.75O15 polytype for which the principal feature was a mixed metal occupancy within [Ce0.25Mn3.75O15] tetramers. This difference generates strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchanges, contrary to the metamagnetic-like transition observed in 10H-Ba5Ce1.25Mn3.75O15. It is concluded that full Mn occupancy in [Mn3O12] or [Mn4O15] sub-units induces a robust AFM character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sanidad Militar is the property of Direccion General de Sanidad Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina Interna de Mexico is the property of Colegio de Medicina Interna de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preterm premature membrane rupture (PROM) predisposes preterm birth immature infants at high risk of neonatal complications. Objective: To analyze the postnatal complication of pre-term newborn (PTN) less than 37 gestational weeks (wGA) in relation to time of membrane rupture. Material and methods: A cohort of PTN from his/her birthday to NICU discharge. Three groups were analyzed: without PROM, PROM within first 18h, and after 18 h of life. The complications reviewed were, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), neumonia, sepsis, pulmonary hypertension, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, seizures and hyperbilirrubinemia. Results: PROM was more frequently in extreme PTN (24-31 wGA 13/29, 44.8%; versus 32-34 wGA 11/31, 35.5%, and versus 35-36 wGA 32/282, 11.4%, p < 0.001). Nine patient had a more than 18h of PROM (2.6%). The PROM was associated with RDS in all PTN (69.2% 36/52 versus 52%, 151/290, p = 0.02), but intraventricular hemorrhage was only associated with PROM in extremely PTN (< 32 wGA 4/13 versus 0/16, p = 0.03). There were not differences in the proportion of sepsis, NEC, hyperbilirrubinemia, pulmonary hypertension or seizures in relation with PROM. Five extremely PTN died (three with and two without PROM, p = 0.63). There was not statistical difference among the hospital staying days in relation to PROM, only related with level of immaturity. Conclusion: PROM was more frequently in PTN < 32 wGA, it is associated with DRS, and intraventricular hemorrhage, but the last only in extremely preterm infant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze neonatal complications in preterm infants with or without previous diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and malnutrition at birth. Methods: We integrated four preterm cohorts: IUGR and malnourished at birth (n = 24), IUGR without malnutrition (n = 22), without IUGR and malnourished (n = 43), and with proper weight without IUGR (n = 224). Nutritional status was determined by weighted index adjusted for weeks of gestation and fetal ultrasound IUGR. Apgar, type of resuscitation, neonatal morbidities, and hospital days of stay were analyzed at birth. Results: Malnutrition was observed more frequently in infants with preeclamptic or eclamptic mothers, or in multiple pregnancies. There were no differences in birth conditions between groups. There were more complications in cohorts of infants with IUGR, but even more if they had malnutrition as well. Infants with IUGR adjusted for gestational age had more days of hospital stay, without differences regarding their nutritional status. Conclusions: In preterm infants, important growth impairments at birth (malnutrition) after being diagnosed with IUGR increase the likelihood of neonatal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]