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Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.

Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.

Das Erreichen der Klimaziele, zu welchen sich die Vereinten Nationen, die Europäische Union und Österreich verpflichtet haben, ist eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Sie ist essenziell um eine hohe Lebensqualität sowie eine lebenswerte Zukunft für künftige Generationen zu schaffen. Als einer der größten Emittenten von Treibhausgasen weltweit ist dem Verkehrssektor besondere Aufmerksamkeit zuzuteilen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Elektrifizierung des Transportwesens als mögliches Werkzeug zur Reduktion der Emissionen angesehen. Ein neues Phänomen in dieser Entwicklung ist der Elektro-Tretroller oder E-Scooter. Es ist anzunehmen, dass diese junge Form der Mikromobilität in Verbindung mit dem Trend zu Sharing-Angeboten vor allem in Ballungsgebieten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur notwendigen Verkehrswende leisten kann. Vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz von E-Scootern in Innsbruck und deren Auswirkungen auf die Verkehrsmittelwahl ihrer Nutzer. Die Studie versucht insbesondere die Voraussetzungen einer möglichen Reduktion von Treibhausgasen infolge des Einsatzes von E-Scootern zu ermitteln. Durch einen mixed-methods Ansatz wurde mithilfe von 185 Fragebögen und teilstrukturierten Interviews mit zehn E-Scooter-Nutzern Daten über deren Mobilitätsverhalten gesammelt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass ein Großteil der Strecken, die jetzt mithilfe von E-Scootern zurückgelegt werden, ansonsten zu Fuß, mit dem Fahrrad oder mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln zurückgelegt worden wären. Nur ein kleiner Teil der Distanzen, die ursprünglich von Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor gefahren wurden, wurde durch die weniger emissionsintensiven E-Scooter ersetzt. Der Einsatz von Elektrorollern trägt daher nicht signifikant zu einer direkten Reduzierung der Treibhausgase in der Stadt Innsbruck bei., One of the key challenges of the 21st century is the achievement of the climate goals set by the United Nations, the European Union, and Austria. It has never been more important to focus on sustainability and quality of life for future generations. It is particularly important to develop strategies to reduce emissions of some of the largest emitters of global greenhouse gases such as the transport industry. The electrification of transportation is one such way for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electric scooter, or e-scooter, combined with the trend towards sharing offers, has the potential to play a significant role in the required turnaround of transport, especially in conurbations. This study examines the use of e-scooters in Innsbruck and their impact on mobility behaviour of their users. In particular, the study seeks to determine prerequisites for potential reduction of greenhouse gases as a result of e-scooter use. Adopting a mixed methods approach to data collection, information about e-scooter users’ mobility behaviour was gathered using 185 questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with ten e- scooter users. Special attention was paid to the difference in mobility behaviour prior and after the introduction of the e-scooter in sharing mode. The findings suggest that a vast majority of distances now covered by e-scooters would otherwise have been covered by foot, by bicycle or public transportation. Only a minor part of rides originally travelled by vehicles with internal combustion engines were substituted by the lower emitting e-scooters. Therefore, the use of electric scooters does not contribute to a direct reduction of greenhouse gases in the city of Innsbruck., eingereicht von Roman Dionys Fendt, BSc., Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2020

Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.

Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.

Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.

Caltrans 65A0686 Task Order 063 USDOT Grant 69A3551747114, This study explores the factors associated with observed changes in transportation mode shares over the period from 2012 to 2017 (corresponding with the period between the two most recent household travel surveys conducted in California). In contrast with the goals of the California Department of Transportation and the State Transportation agency, walking, biking, and using transit all decreased during this period, and driving and the use of personal vehicles increased. There are a number of factors typically associated with transportation mode choices, including socio-demographics, attitudes, life stages, land use and infrastructure availability. Further, large scale events may also have an effect on travel trends; for example, the Great Recession may have impacted individuals’ ability to own a personal vehicle and therefore increased the use of alternative means of transportation during the years leading up to our survey period. Similarly, the 2013 passage of legislation allowing for non-citizens to obtain a driver’s license in the state of California, may have impacted mode shares over the study period. This paper compares these and other factors impacting mode shares in 2012 and in 2017 to answer part of the question about why we see this decrease in the use of active modes over this period and what types of planning, programs, and policy actions may help to reverse this trend and get California back on track to increase walking, biking and the use of public transit.

Das Erreichen der Klimaziele, zu welchen sich die Vereinten Nationen, die Europäische Union und Österreich verpflichtet haben, ist eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Sie ist essenziell um eine hohe Lebensqualität sowie eine lebenswerte Zukunft für künftige Generationen zu schaffen. Als einer der größten Emittenten von Treibhausgasen weltweit ist dem Verkehrssektor besondere Aufmerksamkeit zuzuteilen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Elektrifizierung des Transportwesens als mögliches Werkzeug zur Reduktion der Emissionen angesehen. Ein neues Phänomen in dieser Entwicklung ist der Elektro-Tretroller oder E-Scooter. Es ist anzunehmen, dass diese junge Form der Mikromobilität in Verbindung mit dem Trend zu Sharing-Angeboten vor allem in Ballungsgebieten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur notwendigen Verkehrswende leisten kann. Vorliegende Studie untersucht den Einsatz von E-Scootern in Innsbruck und deren Auswirkungen auf die Verkehrsmittelwahl ihrer Nutzer. Die Studie versucht insbesondere die Voraussetzungen einer möglichen Reduktion von Treibhausgasen infolge des Einsatzes von E-Scootern zu ermitteln. Durch einen mixed-methods Ansatz wurde mithilfe von 185 Fragebögen und teilstrukturierten Interviews mit zehn E-Scooter-Nutzern Daten über deren Mobilitätsverhalten gesammelt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass ein Großteil der Strecken, die jetzt mithilfe von E-Scootern zurückgelegt werden, ansonsten zu Fuß, mit dem Fahrrad oder mit öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln zurückgelegt worden wären. Nur ein kleiner Teil der Distanzen, die ursprünglich von Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor gefahren wurden, wurde durch die weniger emissionsintensiven E-Scooter ersetzt. Der Einsatz von Elektrorollern trägt daher nicht signifikant zu einer direkten Reduzierung der Treibhausgase in der Stadt Innsbruck bei., One of the key challenges of the 21st century is the achievement of the climate goals set by the United Nations, the European Union, and Austria. It has never been more important to focus on sustainability and quality of life for future generations. It is particularly important to develop strategies to reduce emissions of some of the largest emitters of global greenhouse gases such as the transport industry. The electrification of transportation is one such way for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electric scooter, or e-scooter, combined with the trend towards sharing offers, has the potential to play a significant role in the required turnaround of transport, especially in conurbations. This study examines the use of e-scooters in Innsbruck and their impact on mobility behaviour of their users. In particular, the study seeks to determine prerequisites for potential reduction of greenhouse gases as a result of e-scooter use. Adopting a mixed methods approach to data collection, information about e-scooter users’ mobility behaviour was gathered using 185 questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with ten e- scooter users. Special attention was paid to the difference in mobility behaviour prior and after the introduction of the e-scooter in sharing mode. The findings suggest that a vast majority of distances now covered by e-scooters would otherwise have been covered by foot, by bicycle or public transportation. Only a minor part of rides originally travelled by vehicles with internal combustion engines were substituted by the lower emitting e-scooters. Therefore, the use of electric scooters does not contribute to a direct reduction of greenhouse gases in the city of Innsbruck., eingereicht von Roman Dionys Fendt, BSc., Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2020

MPC-455, Although bicycling is considered to be ten times more dangerous than driving, the evidence continues to build that bike-friendly cities are not only safer for bicyclists but for all road users. This report looks to understand why this is the case.

Researchers at the University of California, Davis investigated the range of potential impacts that rapid adoption of CAVs in California might have on vehicle miles traveled and emissions. The researchers estimated the vehicle miles traveled and emissions of each scenario using a statewide travel demand model, emissions factors from California agencies, and assumptions derived from the scientific literature and expert input. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications.

USDOT Grant 69A3551747109, Caltrans 65A0674 TO-020, The objective of this research is to understand the impact on traffic congestion and travelers’ behavior when integrating the new shared mobility services to the coupled morning and evening commute problem.

Caltrans 65A0686 Task Order 042, USDOT Grant 69A35, This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Pike, Susie, and Susan Handy. 2022. “The Mode Is Not the Methods: Assessing Changes in Biking, Walking and Transit in California Using the 2012 CHTS and 2017 NHTS.” Findings, August. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.37777, Data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey (CHTS) and the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) suggest that biking, walking, and transit use in California decreased over this five-year period. In light of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and State Transportation Agency (CalSTA)'s goal of tripling walking and doubling biking and transit use in their most recent strategic plan, these unanticipated results raised concerns about whether these decreases stem from methodological differences and choices about analysis between the two surveys. In this study, we evaluate numerous differences between the two surveys to assess whether the changes are likely to be real, or the result of methodological differences between the CHTS and the NHTS. We find that overall, the use of biking, walking and transit decreased over this time period, and these results are generally consistent across methodological differences and analysis choices.

USDOT Grant 69A3551747114, National Transportation Library (NTL) Curation Note: As this dataset is preserved in a repository outside U.S. DOT control, as allowed by the U.S. DOT's Public Access Plan (https://doi.org/10.21949/1503647) Section 7.4.2 Data, the NTL staff has performed NO additional curation actions on this dataset. The current level of dataset documentation is the responsibility of the dataset creator. NTL staff last accessed this dataset at its repository URL on 2022-11-11. If, in the future, you have trouble accessing this dataset at the host repository, please email NTLDataCurator@dot.gov describing your problem. NTL staff will do its best to assist you at that time., This tabular dataset describes the travel behavior and travel mode related attitudes of residents and bike-share users in the greater Sacramento region. The data includes the socio-demographics, travel and mode related attitudes, and mode use pattern of both users and non-users of the bike-share service. The data was collected from both stratified random mail-to-web and intercept flier-to-web recruitment methods during time periods from 2016 to 2019. This includes surveys before bike share existing in the Sacramento region, and during the Jump operated dockless e-bike fleet prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The total size of the described zip file is 1.26 MB. Docx files are document files created in Microsoft Word. Text files can be view in notepad or any document reading software. The .csv, Comma Separated Value, file is a simple format that is designed for a database table and supported by many applications. The .csv file is often used for moving tabular data between two different computer programs, due to its open format. Any text editor or spreadsheet program will open .csv files.

MPC-455, Despite bicycling being considered on the order of ten times more dangerous than driving, the evidence continues to build that high-bicycling-mode-share cities are not only safer for bicyclists but for all road users. This paper looks to understand what makes these cities safer. Are the safety differences related to ‘safety in numbers’ of bicyclists, or can they be better explained by differences in the physical places or the people that inhabit them? Based on thirteen years of data from twelve large U.S. cities, we investigated over 17,000 fatalities and more than 77,000 severe injuries across nearly 8,700 block groups via multilevel, longitudinal, negative binomial regression models. We hypothesize three potential pathways towards better road safety outcomes: i) travel behavior differences (e.g. ‘safety in numbers’ or shifts to ‘safer’ modes); ii) built environment differences (e.g. infrastructure that helps promote safer environments); and iii) socio-demographic and socio-economic differences (e.g. as some cities may be more populated by those with lower transportation injury risks). The results suggest that more bicyclists on the road is not the underlying reason these cities are safer for all road users. Better safety outcomes are instead associated with a greater prevalence of bike facilities – particularly protected and separated bike facilities – at the block group level, and even more strongly so, across the city as a whole. Higher intersection density, which typically corresponds to a more compact and lower-speed built environment, was strongly associated with better road safety outcomes for all road users. The variables representing gentrification also accounted for much of our explainable variation in safety outcomes. This first chapter helps support an evidence-based approach to building safer cities for all road users. While the policy implications of this work point to protected and separated bike infrastructure as part of the solution, we need to kee

DOT-TSC-985-1, Part of a three-volume work, this report describes the analysis performed on travel data collected for the Pre-PRT Impact Study. The data analyzed consist of travel behavior, travel patterns, model utilization and travel costs of various modes of travel in Morgantown before the revenue operation of the PRT in Morgantown. The analysis resulted in estimates of travel by various subpopulations by automobile, university bus and city/county bus systems in Morgantown. Further analysis conducted yielded estimates of traffic flow between various activity centers in Morgantown. Trip generation, trip distribution and modal split were estimated for Morgantown PRT corridor travel before the revenue operation of the PRT.

The first section of this report contains a brief history of the development of and role played by the inland waterway transportation system. The role of this mode in international trade is examined, along with the competitive and complementary roles in a multimodal transportation system. The second section examines the funding of maintenance and investments in the system. The third section looks in greater detail at the waterway system in the context of the Nation's entire transportation system. Commodities carried and modal splits of traffic are examined to explain past performance and future needs. Issues affecting the priority given to navigation as a use of the river are examined in some detail in the fourth section, emphasizing the issues affecting perspective toward and practices in the river use. The fifth section examines the issue of, navigation improvements on the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway and the potential breaching of dams, with associated loss of navigation, on the Snake River section of the Columbia-Snake River system in the Pacific Northwest. Findings, critiques, and Corps approaches are evaluated in some detail., The last two sections examine the impact on agriculture resulting from decreasing the priority of navigation in the use of the Nation's inland river systems, looking again at the typical studies on the Upper Mississippi-Illinois River enhancements and the Columbia-Snake operations. The chapter concludes by discussing alternatives for agriculture in its attempts to address some of the coming changes in a proactive manner.

OS205, The report points up the differences and similarities between airport access travel and general urban trip making. Models and surveys developed for, or applicable, to airport access planning are reviewed. A research proram is proposed which would generate a standard airport technical planning package and establish a federal airport access planning assistance program to help local agencies in planning airport access demonstrations and improvements.

DOT-TSC-985-2, The report describes the procedures utilized for collection of data on transportation demand and supply prior to the revenue operation of the Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) System in Morgantown, West Virginia. Most of the report is devoted to describing various surveys which were conducted to obtain information about travel patterns, attitudes, and demographic characteristics of residents of the Morgantown area. The report also discusses the collection of data reflecting the volume of transportation usage, such as traffic counts, bus ridership counts, and speeds of autos and buses. Also described are the costs of operating an automobile and costs and revenues of the bus systems operating in the Morgantown area. The report includes documentation of the format and codes used for placing the survey data on magnetic tape.

North American Transportation: Statistics on Canadian, Mexican, and United States transportation contains extensive data on the size and scope, use, employment, fuel consumption, and economic role of each country's transportation system. It was published to stimulate further efforts to describe and understand the continental transportation system, especially as the use of that system is fundamentally altered by the North American Free Trade Agreement. Many of these data are for 1990, the most recent year for which information for all three countries was generally available. Time series data for 1987 to 1991 are included where possible. The data presented in this report are compilations and estimates, and are not necessarily official statistics of the Canadian, Mexican, or United States governments. Information in some of the categories is incomplete, and not all of the countries are represented in every table or discussion. Also, some data may not be strictly comparable as transportation statistical materials are prepared differently in each country. In cases where values are missing or questionable, clearly indicated estimates have been included. Data sources and estimation methods are documented in appendix A. Statistics are provided in both metric and U.S. measures when appropriate. Monetary values are given in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. Prepared for the North American Transportation Summit, 1994.

This project is the second part in a two part modeling effort. In previous work*, mode, choice was modeled by examining characteristics of individuals and the trips they make., A study of the choices of individuals is necessary for a fundamental understanding of, travel mode choice. Models were built to estimate mode split at the State and County, level. Where transit or walk trips often account for only 1 to 5% of all trips, the main, problem in modeling the use of other choices of travel besides the personal auto is that, there is very little data available. The modeling difficulty becomes greater as estimates, of mode split are desired for smaller levels of geography, such as for a traffic zone, rather, than a County., For use in travel demand forecasting and examination of transit markets, almost all mode, choice models used by transportation agencies are developed using aggregate level data, typically at the level of a traffic zone, such as population totals, mean incomes, average, household characteristics, and other summary data. The reason for this is that aggregate, data, such as provided by the U.S. Census, is typically more available. For the most part, estimates of travel mode split used in travel demand models are not very sophisticated, and often consist of an estimate based on fixed percentage of trips (e.g. 1% of trips in a, zone will be accomplished by using transit) rather than a model considering a number of, factors., This project investigates how travel mode split can be modeled using aggregate data at, smaller levels of geography like traffic zones for use in route planning and travel demand, forecasting. It starts with models based on individual data developed at the county level, and investigates the applicability of these models at smaller levels of geography where, aggregate estimates of the factors are available.

Práce se zaměřuje na sledování vývoje dělby přepravní práce, jako základního ukazatele určujícího volbu dopravního prostředku pro prognostické dopravní modely. Nejprve jsou popsány přístupy k prognóze dopravy v ČR. Dále je věnována pozornost nejednotné definici a faktorům ovlivňujícím dělbu přepravní práce. Hlavní část práce popisuje metodiky zjištění, vývoj a cíl tohoto ukazatele v Brně, Curychu, Drážďanech, Norimberku a Vídni. Pro jednotlivá města jsou hodnoceny vlivy změn dopravnících sítí na dělbu přepravní práce a dopravní chování. Na závěr jsou sledované trendy vzájemně srovnány., This diploma thesis focuses on the development of modal split, as a fundamental indicator determining travel behavior for traffic model forecasting. Firstly, approaches to traffic forecasting in the Czech Republic are described, and an emphasis is put on non-uniform definitions and factors influencing modal split. The body of the thesis describes methods of establishing, as well as the development and objective of the modal split in Brno, Zurich, Dresden, Nurnberg, and Vienna. For each city, the effects of traffic network changes on modal split and travel behavior are evaluated. Finally, the observed trends are compared with each other.