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Road infrastructure, specifically freeways, were once understood as a revolutionary urban element leading to a better future, until its promised progress was proved misleading. Since then, freeways became the “enemy” of urban planning, being demolished from many cities’ center in order to reclaim the street for the people and more sustainable means of transportation. The infrastructure itself was to blame for its meaning and urban impact, however, other similar structure were still being built and/or renovated for different purposes. In this research, we explore the possibility for freeways and road infrastructure to be reinserted as public space elements, understanding them as a double ground layer able to open a wide and unique range of activities. For this purpose, a freeway located in Santo Domingo, adjacent to its downtown, is tested and transformed into the current definition of a positive urban environment with the infrastructure as footprint of the past which once modeled and still impact the future of the city.

Quan Erwin Broner arriba a Eivissa, queda tan enamorat de l'arquitectura rural del lloc que decideix dur a terme un estudi dels diferents tipus de vivenda que s'anava trobant. Després d'això, la seva arquitectura quedara influenciada per els mecanismes que ell mateix interpreta a l'estudi i els utilitzarà a les seves obres junt amb idees seves mes innovadores i modernes. La arquitectura de Broner es converteix amb una obra de linies pures i sencilles, amb la traducio de la vivenda rural junt amb les idees mes modernes i vanguardistes del moment. When Erwin Broner arrived in Eivissa, he became so enamoured of the rural architecture of the area that he decided to carry out a study of the different types of houses he came across. After that, his architecture would be influenced by the mechanisms that he himself interpreted in the study and he would use them in his works together with his more innovative and modern ideas. Broner's architecture becomes a work of pure and simple lines, with the translation of the rural house together with the most modern and avant-garde ideas of the moment.

El éxito logrado en las últimas décadas en el sistema educativo de los países nórdicos, se debe a continuadas reformas y a la evolución de la arquitectura escolar, que permite fomentar la interrelación de los estudiantes dando mayor importancia a los espacios comunes. La arquitectura que acompaña el modelo educativo nórdico será la base de esta investigación. El objetivo principal es analizar cómo han evolucionado los espacios de aprendizaje en los centros de enseñanza primaria y observar cómo la arquitectura local ha influido en la implementación de la nueva práctica docente. Serán objeto de estudio diez escuelas de educación primaria diseñadas por arquitectos influyentes de los países escandinavos. En cada una de ellas se analizará la relación con el entorno, los espacios de aprendizaje, la introducción de la luz natural, la conexión con la naturaleza y la materialidad. The success achieved in the recent decades in the Nordic countries' educational system is due to continuous reforms and the evolution of school architecture, which allows the interrelation of students by giving greater importance to common spaces. The architecture that accompanies the Nordic educational model will be the basis of this research. The aim is to analyze how learning spaces have evolved in elementary schools and to observe how local architecture has influenced the implementation of the new pedagogical method. Ten elementary schools designed by influential architects from the Scandinavian countries will be studied. In each of them, the relationship with the environment, the learning spaces, the introduction of natural light, the connection with nature and the materiality will be analyzed.

Ancient ruins are a significant element in the historical European city’s environment as they are the remains of our past civilizations and the heritage of cultural identity. In the contemporary city, they need to be preserved, studied, displayed and sometimes excavated for the benefit of the urban scenery. Those challenges are related to their functionality, topography, nature, materials and scale. The approach to integrate the ruins vary and are still not accurately defined by the various regions and a common strategy has not been yet developed.This work will examine the obstacles contemporary architects and city planners face when dealing with ruins and propose a strategy for the establishing of a coherent urban environment by preserving the local treats of identity and benefiting from the existence of ruins. Award-winning

El nostre entorn social, polític i productiu canvia constantment al llarg de la línia temporal de la història, per tant, la forma en què interactuem, ens relacionem i vivim també ho fa. De la mateixa manera, el món material que ens envolta i les seves formes han de respondre a les necessitats presents de cada període i preveure les futures. Rere una època dominada per la industrialització i mecanització, que per tant, també la seva arquitectura, cal replantejar-se la identitat i els valors de la realitat actual. Així doncs, aquest treball parteix de qüestionar-se la relació teòrica pràctica de l’arquitectura contemporània. Per entendre què ens ha portat fins aquí cal remuntar a l’última llengua arquitectònica codificada, la del moviment modern. Per això, a partir de Sigfried Giedion i Bruno Zevi es fa un estudi dels seus orígens i formes, les quals, funcionalitzades i estetitzades a parts iguals, desencadenen en una pèrdua d’empatia i autisme de l'objecte arquitectònic que s’investiga a través del pensament fenomenològic de Juhani Pallasmaa i les teories de sistemes i relacions de Josep Maria Montaner. Arrel de les bases teòriques, s’analitzen tres projectes que posen en comú la reivindicació d’una arquitectura humana de síntesis i contextualista; no es tracta d’una anàlisi a partir d’una forma concreta i acabada d’un edifici, sinó el que interessa investigar és el procés i condicionants que han portat a la seva formalització. Finalment, es conclou que entendre l’arquitectura com un llenguatge o forma concreta és reduir-la; la decisió formal d’un projecte no s’ha de regir per un codi genèric imposat per un corrent, sinó depèn, dins de les necessitats comunes a l’època, d’unes específiques que condicionen cada decisió i resposta material. S’aposta així, per una arquitectura pragmàtica i relacional que tingui en compte en tot moment els valors perceptius i experiencials de l’espai. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

Coderch de Sentmenat, al ser preguntado por los Edificios Trade en una entrevista publicada en el libro Conversaciones con J.A. Coderch de Sentmenat por Enric Soria, manifestó sus críticas e inconformidades ante el resultado final de los mismos. Por un lado, en cuanto a la resolución de la carpintería y, por el otro, debido a la falta de altura del edificio. Este comentario se convierte en el punto de partida del trabajo, queriendo imaginar y representar la solución a la que podía haberse referido Coderch en ese momento: una solución alternativa a la construida actualmente. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es imaginar la nueva solución de Coderch, a partir del detalle constructivo, haciendo un estudio sobre su obra y un proceso de redibujo de los Edificios Trade. Award-winning

Desde finales de siglo XX y sobre todo en las últimas décadas del siglo XXI, se han producido verdaderas revoluciones productivas y sociales especialmente en España, que hacen que nos planteemos el concepto de la vivienda y los sistemas de pensamiento que utilizamos para proyectar. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario una revisión profunda derivada, especialmente de los paradigmas contemporáneos, atendiendo la conformación de la sociedad más diversa y menos jerárquica. Hace falta preguntarnos ¿Cuales son esos cambios sociales recientes que afectan al concepto de la vivienda? ¿Qué nuevos modelos de familias y convivencia han surgido gracias a estos cambios sociales? ¿Cuales son los criterios de diseño de la vivienda para el siglo XXI, que reflejan esta consciencia del cambio social?

Aquest TFG pretén estudiar, descriure i analitzar el pla del porxo com estratègia d’accés a l’arquitectura basant-se en l’estudi del recorregut, de la “promenade architecturale” i de les diferents percepcions i sensacions que té l’espectador a l’hora de recórrer el viatge d’entrada, donant especial atenció a la importància del porxo a la construcció de l’accés. Per fer aquesta anàlisi es faran servir diferents exemples històrics que permetran entendre l’evolució del porxo, paral·lela a l’evolució de l’arquitectura. Per una banda, un exemple de recorregut clàssic i per una altra 2 exemples de recorreguts moderns. Per finalitzar s’analitzen 2 projectes contemporanis, des de l’emplaçament, amb la finalitat de comprendre la construcció del porxo com estratègia d’accés del projecte, fins a l’escala detall que permet entendre el sistema constructiu amb el que se li acaba de donar forma a l’espai estudiat. This TFG aims to study, describe and analyse the plan of the porch as a strategy of access to architecture based on the study of the route, the “promenade architecturale” and the different perceptions and sensations that the spectator has when going through the entrance journey, paying special attention to the importance of the porch in the construction of the access. This analysis will be based on different historical examples that allow us to understand the evolution of the porch, parallel to the evolution of architecture. First of all, an example of a classical cut-out and secondly, 2 examples of modern cut-outs. Finally, 2 contemporary projects will be analysed from the site in order to understand the construction of the porch as an access strategy of the project, to the scale of detail that allows to understand the constructive system with which it has just been shaped.

Since the first attempts to create a space, the aim has been to provide a place that could be comforting to the human and protects from the physical conditions in the environment - one purpose and multiple means -To make it viable, from this point of view through the materialism of architecture, I will detail open spaces in terms of their size, the activities they contain, and how to deal with shadows as a determining factor for this type of design vocabulary - open space - in very hot weather conditions in the summer, (where the presence of Shade in these spaces determines the existence of events and the effectiveness of these spaces!). Award-winning

Urban fabric of cities can be formed through their context due to their groundform. We live and experience cities while urban life plays a vital role consisting the urban ground. To be able to find possible ground areas in contemporary cities, urban gaps can be a tool to intervene. Through these intentions, the thesis seeks to examine urban gaps for their potentials of uses of ground types. The research studies how does groundform architecture can establish relationships between infrastructure and landscape links in a contemporary city. Showing how architectural landscape integrates into an urban setting through infrastructure comprises the main motives of the research. With investigating the groundform architecture in an urban context, the thesis proposes series of interventions on an urban scale, with the new activities for these territories of gaps. By generating an urban corridor as a connector through public infrastructure using the existing ground and constructing a new ground that functions together, the proposal stitches the gap made between the urban fabric and the waterfront in the focused area, Halic, Istanbul with the aim of reactivating the ground.

The face of a city landscape is the fruit of many factors, and can be derived not only from the drive of the people in power to showcase their political ‘achievements’, but also a series of unpredictable events, a juxtaposition of spatial distortions, and performances of many social spectacles. In war torn cities like Beirut, many elements of the urban architecture that were once executed as big tools of development, today stand as ghosts of neglect. But when we label them as big tools, it is not only a reference to the size of their impact on the growth of the city, but also their scale in regards to their surroundings. Big architecture, in time, has always shown a mission for resilience, adaptability, engagement, growth; a direct but prolongated impact on cities. But when small cities come into the picture, the advantages of big architecture are overtaken by the disadvantages of its presence in regards to scale and integration. This research will be about experimenting the alternatives to the misbalance caused by an already existing big building, pushing for the implementation of bigness as a solution for ever growing issues in a small city like Beirut. Award-winning

The ancient city of Quanzhou retains the texture of the ancient Chinese city, as well as some local integrated architectural styles and cultural activities. However, due to the development of the times and population growth, the limitations of some of the original public buildings and public spaces in the city have become more obvious. This situation has provided motivation for studying how to increase the publicity of indoor and outdoor buildings. In the ancient city. In order to conduct this research, it is necessary to use a series of theories and methods on architecture and urban publicity as tools, so I use the figure-ground theory that is often used in urban texture research as the main clue, combined with other relevant theories of architectural design and urban publicity . Design for research. For this reason, I put forward suggestions for the renovation of existing public buildings and unplanned courtyards in the old city of Quanzhou, and explored ways to improve the propaganda inside and outside the buildings. In a local area, the uniform distribution of public buildings in the same area can improve the propaganda effect of the entire area and allow residents to have more places for activities. At the urban scale, the original old city is relatively independent, and most tourists will be concentrated here, so this is also to make the activities of the locals more integrated between the new and old city. In terms of the scale of the building, even 20 years ago, the activities and needs of the locals have undergone tremendous changes. Some public buildings built after the founding of New China can no longer satisfy more diversified activities and can only replace public buildings with limited functions. It is important for the building to be a flexible building. And the architectural style should also be properly integrated. Many public spaces in the old city lack boundaries, so in the project part of the thesis, I used the method of reconstructing the boundaries of public spaces to reduce the Lost space in the city. Award-winning

The“urban acupuncture”theory provides an alternative strategy for urban development, and strives to combine the existing urban contexts with the overall urban development by selecting the key acupuncture point and taking relatively small-scale intervention to improve the overall functionality of the city. Since the theory was proposed, architects and urbanists around the world have explained it in different way and carried out various practices. By investigating the production background and current situation of urban informal communities in China's large cities, and comparing and summarize the interpretations and opinions of related theories, this paper made attempts to identify the disadvantages of the urban renewal model in China in the past, simultaneously analyze the development of urban acupuncture theory and explained in detail several important definitions given by handful scholars, combined with a design project of a Chinese informal community’s renewal which provides a theoretical guidance and an effective method for sustainable urban renewal decision-making of China's informal communities.

In consideration of the management system in China, the traditional gated campuses are not likely to be completely open. The "closure" and "openness" of the campus are dialectical. Inside and outside the boundary spaces are the private campus areas and the public urban areas. In order to solve this contradiction, this thesis discusses how to balance the privacy of campus buildings and the publicness of urban environment by reshaping the boundary space. Based on the research of related theories and cases of “Open Campus” and “Boundary Space”, this thesis proposes two hypotheses: "Hierarchical campus" and "In-between boundary". To achieve "Hierarchical openness", it is necessary to control the permeability of boundary space. Different level of openness will correspond to different types of "In-between boundary". Then, from the urban scale and architectural scale, the strategies are proposed. The urban-level strategy is to transform the campus "From big compound to small block ", which includes two steps: "Downsizing the campus" and "Sharing the roads". The architecture-level strategy is to transform the boundary "From unidirectional line to bidirectional strip", which also includes two steps: "Shaping the boundary" and "Functionalizing the boundary". The balance adjustment mechanism of campus openness is established through the boundary space, so that the campus can enjoy both the convenience of "openness" and the safety of "closure". Tongji University is taken as the specific research object to test the feasibility of the hypotheses and strategies. The relationship between publicness and privacy is dialectical, which forms the characteristics of the boundary space. By reshaping the boundary space, we can control the balance between publicness and privacy, so as to realize the hierarchical openness of the campus and finally realize the integration of the gated campus and the city.

With gradually development of people’s behavior patterns, people’s demand for markets has changed. Market is not only a place where people gather for commodity exchange, but a space for living and social interaction. The market has gradually become the center of daily life. However, most of China’s urban renewal has forgotten the essence of urban life, neglected the response to people’s ordinary life, weakened the inclusion of space of different nature. The main purpose of this paper is to take the market as the research object and reflect on the current marketplace. In this context, the hypothesis has been developed: the market is the mixed-use complex in the city, here people’s daily activities develop. By reflecting the phenomenon of the market transformation in China, this study explores how the market can be developed into a public space by promenade. In addition, promenade provides us with a way to think about architecture and city, which starts from people’s perception and creates new possibilities for the city in a local rather than a whole way. In this paper, I explore the role of the promenade street and how it can be applied to the market, taking special emphasis on how promenade can create a transition space for the contemporary life. Finally, This market project aims to create a market complex, which integrates people’s daily needs and combines different kinds of activities and space. Award-winning

L'arquitectura esportiva abarca diferents escales fent que el partit, carrera o prova sigui possible. El treball pretén descobrir aquesta escala més petita i humil fugint dels grans estadis o pavellons d'equips de primer nivell. Analitzant 8 casos d'estudi de diversos esports, es volen trobar els paral·lelismes i divergències que generin unes directrius per poder, l'endemà, projectar-ne un.

Realizar la práctica musical en espacios domésticos puede ser complejo. Principalmente hay dos variables que intervienen en este proceso: el respeto hacia el vecindario y el confort de la persona que ensaya. Ambas variables son el punto de partida de este trabajo. Como principal objetivo, se quiere explorar la tensión entre estas dos variables. Conociendo esta tensión es posible imaginar configuraciones arquitectónicas para adaptar un rincón donde poder practicar música en un ambiente doméstico. Una condición será que las respuestas ante esta problemática tengan que ser asequibles económicamente. Se estudian los marcos teóricos como primer paso metodológico. La evolución de la música, la acústica y la arquitectura relacionadas son los núcleos principales de esta investigación. El contexto actual se ha documentado mediante encuestas y entrevistas a personas del mundo de la música. A continuación se analizan los conceptos básicos de la acústica. Esta es una ciencia muy amplia donde intervienen muchos parámetros. En consecuencia no tiene sentido pretender una única solución a la situación planteada, siendo en realidad una ecuación con resoluciones diversas. Como resultado de la implementación de esta metodología se obtiene un decálogo de errores y uno de consejos para adaptar un rincón para la práctica musical. De esta manera, los desarrollos concretos derivan a unas situaciones entendidas como configuraciones arquitectónicas. Estas se basan en la forma, las proporciones del espacio y en los materiales utilizados. En definitiva, se inició esta investigación con la idea de explorar soluciones. Pero finalmente cuando se plantea reconfigurar un espacio aparecen muchas variables. Por este motivo, se afirma que no es una cuestión de solución general, sino que un mismo sitio se puede adaptar de distintas formas. Por lo tanto, no estamos en un caso de solución, sino de inclusión. Practising music in domestic spaces can be complicated. There are two main variables involved in this process: the respect for the neighbourhood and the musician’s own comfort when they are playing. Both variables are the starting point of this study. The main objective is to explore the tension of these two variables. Understanding this tension it is possible to imagine architectural configurations to adapt a corner of the house. A condition of this tension will be that the responses to this problem must be affordable for people. A theoretical framework is studied. The evolution of music, acoustics and architecture are the main hubs of this research. The current context has been studied through surveys and interviews with people in the music world. This is followed by an analysis of the basic concepts of acoustics. This is a very broad science in which many parameters are involved. Consequently, it makes no sense to claim there is just a single solution to this situation. It is in fact an equation with different resolutions. As a result of the implementation of this work methodology, a decalogue of errors and a decalogue of advice for adapting a corner or space for practising music at home, is obtained. In this way, the specific developments of the research lead to situations known as architectural configurations. These are based on the form, the proportions of the space and, fundamentally, on the materials used. In conclusion, the research begins with the idea of exploring solutions. However, when it comes to reconfiguring a space, many variables appear. For this reason, it is argued that it is not a question of a general solution, but that each case results in an equation of its conditions. Therefore, we are not in a case of finding a solution, but a case of inclusion. Award-winning

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una investigación comparativa sobre tres hospitales infantiles. El primero, el Evelina Children´s Hospital en Londres proyectado por los arquitectos Michael y Patty Hopkins, arquitectos que enfocaron su idea principal en la no sobre compartimentación. El segundo, el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona construido en la década de los 70 y reformado en el 2004 por los arquitectos Rosa Clotet y Joan Llongueras, donde implementaron su concepto de “pediatrización” en el diseño interiorista. Tercero y último, el Royal Children´s Hospital Melbourne que abordó una ampliación en el año 2007, encabezada por los despachos Bates Smart y Billard Leedce ambos muy comprometidos con el medioambiente. Para completar el estudio, se añade un anexo con un análisis menos profundo de dos proyectos que todavía no se han construido pero que considero muy interesantes. Para finalizar se incluye un apartado de conclusiones The aim of this project is to make a study on children’s hospital architecture and generate a debate on the way of projecting, based on the child´s perception of architecture. In order to create awareness of this issue, I decided make a comparative research on three children’s hospitals. The first one is the Evelina Children’s Hospital designed by the architects Michael and Patty Hopkins, architects who focused their main idea on the non over partition. The next one is the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona, which suffered a reform under analysis in 2004, designed by Rosa Clotet and Joan Llongueras, who implemented the pediatric idea in the interior design. The third and last is the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. A hospital which had an expansion in 2007 led by the studios Bates Smart and Billard Leedce, both of them were very committed to preserve the environment. To complete the study, an annex is added with a less in-depth analysis of two projects that have not been built yet but I consider interesting. To end this project, a conclusions section is included.

Aquest Treball de Final de Grau tracta sobre la relació entre l’escultura i l’arquitectura i com s’han influit en les últimes dècades. S’exposa i s’exemplifica amb diversos casos d’estudi com, durant el segle XX, l’escultura ha adoptat característiques pròpies de l’arquitectura i com aquesta ha fet el mateix amb l’escultura per avançar en ambdúes disciplines. També s’analitza les col·laboracions entre artistes i arquitectes i s’explica el cas de la cooperació entre l’escultor Eduardo Chillida i l’arquitecte Luis Peña Ganchegui per al projecte de la Plaça dels Furs a Vitòria-Gasteiz. Es conclueix amb una reflexió de com la cooperació entre diferents disciplines pot suposar una síntesi de les arts que repercuteixi positivament en l’espai públic. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado versa sobre la relación entre la escultura y la arquitectura y como se han influido en las últimas décadas. Se expone y se ejemplifica mediante casos de estudio como, durante el siglo XX, la escultura ha adoptado características propias de la arquitectura y como ésta ha hecho lo mismo con la escultura para avanzar en las respectivas disciplinas. También se analiza las colaboraciones entre artistas y arquitectos y se explica el caso de la cooperación entre el escultor Eduardo Chillida y el arquitecto Luis Peña Ganchegui para el proyecto de la Plaza de los Fueros de Vitoria-Gasteiz. Se concluye con una reflexión de como la cooperación entre diferentes disciplinas puede suponer una síntesis de las artes que repercuta positivamente en el espacio público. This Final Degree Project is about the relationship between sculpture and architecture and how they have influenced each other in recent decades. It is exposed and exemplified through case studies how, during the 20th century, sculpture has adopted characteristics of architecture and how architecture has done the same with sculpture to advance in both disciplines. Collaborations between artists and architects are also analyzed and the case of the cooperation between the sculptor Eduardo Chillida and the architect Luis Peña Ganchegui for the project of the Plaza de los Fueros de Vitoria-Gasteiz is explained. It concludes with a reflection on how cooperation between different disciplines can lead to a synthesis of the arts that has a positive impact on public space.

The development of human civilization has never been possible without water. The Indus, the Yellow River, and the Tigris-Euphrates River all nourish the thriving ancient culture. At the same time, almost all human civilizations will have the memory of the Great Flood, and the flooding of rivers has a significant impact on human life. With urbanization, more land and population are no longer engaged in agricultural production, and their dependence on water has decreased. But with the improvement of spiritual needs, people who live by the water yearn for a high-quality waterfront activity experience. Therefore, it is essential to reconstruct the relationship between urban residents and seasonal floods. Seasonal floods brought disasters to people during the agricultural civilization period but also left fertile soil. As for today's cities, due to the large amount of hard pavement covering the earth, the construction of various ground facilities, and the changes in human activities, the floods have brought almost nothing but troubles and losses. People need to reflect and re-examine how to talk to nature. Face up to and accept this inevitable natural phenomenon, recognize the limitations of human beings, take water as a critical element of urban space design, and use the flexible landscape and architectural design to play different coordination roles during regular times and flood periods to rebuild people and the coast. The benign interaction of water space. Let structures and buildings become part of nature, receiving and guiding floods. This paper discusses the coordination of water and human life through landscape and architecture in areas prone to seasonal rain and flood disasters. The waterfront space has unique natural landscape elements as an area connecting the water system and the city. As an essential open space in the urban environment, it should be a popular and high-quality urban public space. However, blunt artificial revetment, decentralized landscape, insufficient accessibility, etc., may make the waterfront a negative space. Turning the waterfront into a positive public space integrating flood control, environmental protection, and leisure and entertainment is what this article going to discuss about.

El Prat de Llobregat és una ciutat que es troba a la comarca del Baix Llobregat i forma part de l’Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona. En aquest municipi, s’hi troben infraestructures de gran importància com és l’Aeroport de Josep Tarradellas Barcelona - El Prat i en part, el Port de Barcelona. Aquests, doten la ciutat de ser un lloc estratègic d’accés a Catalunya però a la vegada, en dificulten i l’aïllen de les connexions veïnes i espais naturals que l’envolten. Es tracta d’una ciutat única, compresa entre el riu Llobregat i la desembocadura d’aquest, la Zona Franca i el Port de Barcelona, grans infraestructures viàries i ferroviàries, l’aeroport i la platja. En definitiva, una ciutat que ha quedat ofegada per les necessitats de la metròpolis i el creixement d’aquesta. Comentant totes aquestes àrees d’estudi, el meu objectiu del Treball de Fi de Grau, és fer un resum de la història del Prat, com va néixer el nucli urbà, els primers camps de cultiu, però sobretot, centrar-me en la construcció de les primeres masies, veure’n alguns casos concrets, la seva identitat i les seves característiques. Avui en dia, parlar de la “masia” i “el Prat de Llobregat”, semblen conceptes antagònics, perquè com a conseqüència del creixement urbanístic, s’ha esborrat gran part del patrimoni rural. El meu objectiu doncs, és fer un reconeixement de la vàlua de la masia pratenca.

Caminant per les nostres ciutats sovint ens trobem amb grans unitats habitacionals repetides en sèrie que freqüentment s’associen amb àrees urbanes on el vandalisme i la seguretat dels residents es troba fora de control a causa del caràcter depressiu i agressiu dels seus espais. Aquestes edificacions, conegudes també com a blocs lineals d’habitatge social, van començar a proliferar a mitjans del segle XX donant resposta a la creixent demanda d’habitatge després de la guerra. Aquests desenvolupaments de l’habitatge responien a unes necessitats i tecnologies del moment, pensats per tal de poder satisfer únicament les necessitats residencials bàsiques de la classe obrera. No obstant les unitats edificatories construïdes van aconseguir controlar la imperiosa necessitat d’habitatge social del moment, gran part del parc residencial que es va arribar a construir presenta avui en dia greus mancances, generant així espais poc acollidors rebutjats per la resta de la societat. Aquest treball proposa un recorregut sintètic en l’evolució que aquests blocs lineals d’habitatge social han experimentat al llarg dels seus anys d’existència. Tracta d’aclarir, a partir d’una anàlisi tipològica de diferents casos d’estudi, els fonaments i les idees clau de cada un dels models analitzats, així com les mancances funcionals respecte a les necessitats i les noves dinàmiques de la societat actual. D’aquesta manera, s’analitzen sis casos d’estudi de diferents ciutats localitzats arreu del món, tots ells considerats els més representatius de cada etapa. El treball conclou amb un exercici de reflexió, on s’intentarà comprovar si les estratègies de rehabilitació donades pels diferents casos d’estudi poden o no millorar el teixit residencial de la Mariola (Lleida). Walking through our cities we often encounter large, repeated residential units developed in series that frequently are associated with urban areas where vandalism and the safety of residents are out of control due to the oppressive and aggressive nature of their spaces. These buildings, also known as linear blocks of social housing, began to proliferate in the mid-20th century in response to the growing demand for housing after the war. These housing developments responded to the needs and technologies of the time, designed to satisfy the basic requirements of the working class. However built residential units managed to control the imperious need for social housing at the time, much of the residential park that was built today presents serious shortcomings, thus creating unaccuracy spaces rejected by the rest of society. This work proposes an overview in the evolution that these linear social housing blocks have experienced over their years of existence. It aims to clarify from a type analysis of different cases of study the fundamentals and key ideas of each model, as well as the functional shortcomings regarding the needs and new dynamics of today’s society. In this way, six cases of study from different cities located around the world are examined, all of which are considered the most representative of each stage. The work concludes with a reflection exercise, where it will be attempted to check whether the rehabilitation strategies given by the various cases of study may or may not improve the residential fabric of of the residential neighborhood La Mariola (Lleida).

Confusion was the familiar feeling, unstable was the surrounding situation, misunderstanding was the constant issue. The personal experience first lead to the introduction of a world lacking experience, a world without reference, a world could not fully appreciate. To seek a suitable architectural approach to this situation, the observation of architectures without architects from the past and current was made, aiming to find the limit and border of the general appreciatable elements at the time of unconnotation. The theoretical part ended with the employment of unconnotated riddle as the approach. It explained the mechanics of riddle, and analyzed layers of the unconnotated riddles in architecture with cases, including previous personal practice. The project was the practice with the riddling elements from previous research. It would act as an unconnotated riddle in reaction to this unconnotated context.

www.endoflondon.eu On January 29, 2025, the decree-law known as "The Second Brexit" is approved in the British Parliament. From now on the historical centres of main British cities would be abandoned and protected from an increasingly aggressive neoliberal paradigm. With the intention of facing the social, ecological and cultural threats of a globalised world, a great wall would be erected surrounding the very heart of every city. Following the instructions of the most excellent authorities in the field, the project would begin in London, serving as a future model for other provincial capitals. "The End of London" is a speculative project based on a fictional situation and it remains entirely within the realm of radicalised realities. An uncomfortable space where the utopian degenerates and perverts into dystopic nightmares. Totalitarian policies of democratic states, cultural clashes unleashed by a ruthless economy and the arbitrariness of the cultural world, are unchained from all "idealistic realism" to formalise a contradictory architectural vision. New London is possibly the speculation of what happened if the surreptitious dominating phenomena - political, economical, social, cultural and historical -, inhabiting underneath a mask of obviousness, won the war for predominance altogether. A transfigured city, detached from all forms of ownership, compose an incomprehensible paradox, a monument to the western horrors from where civilisation emerged. If contemporary public space overlays a masquerade under which commercial interests and social taboos are hidden, this new collective form forces the unveiling of any underlying structure.

In the ideal city of Cerdà, all the controls are rational and beautiful, but with time passing by, urbanization and industrialization have increased the population. The neighborhood courtyard that originally belonged to each Manzana disappeared, buildings of various uses gradually fill up the center of manzana. The government has made efforts to restore part of the inner garden, but it is far from enough. People's outdoor activities are forced to gradually move away from their residences, onto the streets or further squares. The neighborhood space in Manzana is different from the larger social space. Similarly, the buildings inserted in each manzana are also different from ordinary buildings. The free social space that should be facing the neighbors has become a monotonous roof. Now, sharing these roofs can contribute to the social networking of the entire neighborhood.Follow Cerda's will to carry Utopia to the end.

MBArch - The Contemporary Project Since the beginning of the Olympic games, the main idea is the creation of a massive event for entertainment purposes and the attraction of people to different cities. Such decision involved many changes and modifications in the host city. For example, changes in infrastructure and the incorporation of several Olympic sites into the urban fabric, embracing several lines of communication and transport. As a result of these changes and the need for big sports infrastructures such as stadiums, pools, football fields and others. There is the necessity to look for a big site around the city to place all the buildings. Therefore, those buildings could be collocated in the untouched plot, producing a change in the topography and creating platforms as a result. The idea of platforms creates a difference of level, referring to the word fissure, that remaining part between platforms that it is often left ignored or untouched. As a result of this fissure, a new concept appears in Interstitial spaces. This term relates to relate to taking advantage of this condition in the topography. To add uses and program which can be complementary to huge scale building. To apply these concepts Barcelona was selected due to its Olympic city condition. Specifically, the Olympic ring site, whose location involves the mountain Montjuic where the topography has a pronounced level difference among platforms. In conclusion, the concept of interstitial spaces can be applied in these cases to answer their topographic conditions to help the communication between the city, the mountain, and the platform. Moreover to complement and add uses to some platforms. What’s more, to generate a site full of life and activities to avoid turning those sites, in years after the games, into a white elephant pf the city, without use and people.

Playing is an important activity in the process of growth of children because it develops their brains and improves their imagination. However, adults also use the game as a leisure activity, to relax and to have a break from the usual routine. Therefore, playing activities should have determined places in a city to improve the emotional health of its citizens. Playing is a leisure activity left for the interpretation of people, which is an ambiguous activity because people can decide how to do it. For instance, playgrounds for children count with playgrounds that have an implicit function, however, kids interpret the functions as the way they want. Another example is a skater park, in this case, the designers build routes and ramps to compose the park, but every person can use it however they want.

MBArch -- The Contemporary Project The Albanian landscape, all across from its highlands to the coastal areas, has more than half of a century that is being dotted from these small monolithic structures called the bunkers. The bunkers were a construction that came from the time when communist regime was ruling the country, and it was supposedly built to protect the people, from a threat that never actually existed. Expect the fact that the bunkers reflect the paranoia of their ideator, they become a special case of a bunker also in the bigger arena of the defensive architecture built in the world, since it was never really used. The bunker was more a semantic representation of the actuality of the country at that time, small, isolated and ready to protect their country from anyone with the naivety of their scale.But right now the bunker only exists in the lands of country, it does not coexist with its people. To achieve the coexistence the bunker is analysed and comprehended as an objet trouve, leading to its reinterpretation as an architectural object made for people and by people. Hauling around with the confusion of reactions it gives to people, the new reinterpretation seeks to help the contemporary man not only to surpass the bunkers mentality somehow, but also give a more pleasant glimpse of verve at the chaotic experience that is life today.

This thesis was born from the desire to architecturally explore a natural element that is simple yet complex: Water. As the source of life, water is undeniably tied to the most intimate parts of human nature, civilizations have tried to control it, shape it, and use it in different ways. The project is following the theories and possibilities surrounding a single building, the Piscina Municipal de Montjuic. One of the key characteristics of the building is its panoramic view over the city and its North façade of 14 meters, devoid of any ornament. We will discover how this singular facility is in fact part of bigger architectural themes. My preferred methodology to develop the concepts of this thesis is through hand-drawings and scaled models, forming an integral part of the process of a project, from abstract to a clear intention.

Since Barcelona implemented the Plan Cerdà at 1859, the city has started the process of building a modern city. A series of urban planning projects and transformations gradually formed nowadays metropolitan city. Especially after holding 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, Barcelona has gained recognition as 'Barcelona Model' in its urban-planning efforts for the past 40 years. However, it’s certain that the processes of metropolitan decentralization experienced a spectacular acceleration precisely in the post-Olympic period where the municipal local authority of Barcelona lost number of inhabitants, jobs and economic activities coinciding with the decentralization. This paper concentrates on analysing the waterfront living spaces. There are four main situations of encounter between the city and water: along the river, around the lake, embeded in the water network and open to the sea. By studying and concluding characteristics of each corresponding case, Copenhagen, Denmark; Suzhou, China; Hamburg, Germany and Barcelona, Spain, thus summarizing a feasible waterfront living space method for the site selected of Barcelona to achieve a brand development. The paper concludes the future projects of Barcelona in the 21st century. On the threshold of a new urban planning model (Barcelona 5.0), it’s a possible approach that re-naturalization of the city and re-connection of the waterfront and the city. On the basis of researches, the paper seeks to summarize several design strategies used in waterfront living space, thus making a practice in the final design to promote 'reappear sea on the land', a new waterfront living space for Barcelona.

The discipline boundary of architecture has been gradually growing, but the essence of architecture is still making space and object. And one measure of a good architecture is whether the building can make people enter a discourse with themselves and their world. And the method is how to make the object produce continuous meaning in the interaction with people. In the interaction between human and object, we give meaning to the object. From the perspective of phenomenology, the object becomes a thing. In order to keep architecture staying active, we need to give new meaning to object continuously, keep object as a thing. In this thesis, my research object is the column, because column is one of the basic element for architecture, to make the research more targeted. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part is about thing theory, it includes thing theory in critical theory and architecture; the second part is about how can column be a thing, this part mainly introduces the design operations to make column be a thing; the last part is apply the study in a project, to see how it works.

How to deal with the unification of the history and reality of the old industrial area, complete the problem of integration of function and space? Collage as a design concept that expresses the multiple coexistence and harmony of things, provides a reference for solving this problem. This article mainly discusses the protection and reuse of industrial heritage based on the concept of collage, and is an exploration of the future development direction of industrial heritage. Collage advocates the mixed use of multiple urban functions within a certain spatial range, and establishes a walking system suitable for it and a place that accommodates a vibrant urban life. It is a small-scale intensive urban development model that reflects diversity and openness. Combining it with the protection and reuse of industrial heritage can improve the utilization efficiency of industrial heritage, thereby creating more socio-economic benefits and integrating industrial heritage into the rhythm of urban development, serving the city more directly and effectively while making industrial culture can be spread, industrial civilization can be inherited. This measure is of great significance to the industrial heritage itself, the city where it is located, and its users and citizens. The full text is divided into 6 chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, introducing the research background and research object, meaning and current situation, methods and framework. The second chapter is the basic research on the renewal of Barcelona's industrial heritage, including the development process of its industry. Through the inductive analysis of the transformation of Poblenou's industrial heritage, it summarizes the main methods of its industrial heritage renewal and the problems in the industrial heritage renewal. The third chapter is the basic research on the collage concept, including the origin of the collage concept to how to apply it to cities and buildings as a design method, and the advantages of collage architecture. Chapter 4 discusses the basic concepts of vitality regeneration and summarizes the new advantages of combining collage and industrial heritage renewal. Then, after some case studies, an industrial heritage updating design strategy based on collage architecture was finally proposed. The fifth chapter is the design practice of Cal l'illa industrial heritage renewal. Finally, the conclusion of this study is summarized, hoping to provide a certain reference for the future development direction of the industrial heritage update.

The sharing economy is exploding around the world thanks to three main characteristics: community-based reuse of idle resources, the extension of sharing between acquaintances to strangers, and the transformation of production into decentralized, personalized customization. Shared cars, as a very important part of it, is creating a new open community for its users, and a space should be provided to fit both the basic need of a shared cars station and the social requirements of different citizens. Garages, as the original car stockings, can be renovated to accommodate public activities. The presence of garages is researched firstly to guide following interventions. The space is designed for cars from the very beginning, and it has grown into a prototype with a series of spaces been designed to fit the different condition of the road network and functions above. No matter how impressive the inside systems are, garages, which are decorated by their facade, have sieged the motion, a new character of the 21 century. The conflict should not be the reason for hiding it. With the help of shared cars system, we can make a new public interface between man and cars. These public spaces can make diverse activities happen while providing an experience of the motion. It can generate a series of urban renovations on garages. To get started, this new public space system should be discussed in detail. Three elements are considered vital: the entrance, the machine providing the shared cars service, and the platform for connecting. Three cases are studied as possible reference: the placa de Sants, the Ford Line and the Hamburg Station. The oblique surface is a great option for the public space underground. First presented by Claude Parent and Parl Virilio, the continues surface merge the boundary between horizontal layers, making the gravity as a new clue for the organization of different activies on a single platform. Towards a total habitable space, it can be easily connected to the original structure and multiple the public value. It stimulates motion and accepts the new urban texture, which is the reason why it is different from the vertical and horizontal ones. After a field research on the public garages inside the center of Barcelona, two types of garages (a classification based on the function above): the garages besides the apartments and the ones under public squares are considered most valuable in the diversity of the crowd and the service capacity of the shared cars stations. Specific public functions are organized on a series of ramps which are interconnected like the organization of the original garages. Service line are placed besides these spaces so people can experience the beauty of motion everywhere. Oblique surfaces can create a multiple of spaces and activities and that can make these spaces totally different from the old ones.

The outbreak of Covid-19 has suddenly jumped into our everyday life in the first part of 2020. Each of us inevitably has to face it without any chance to fight back. Our city has been turned into an empty space. People have to suffer from endless quarantine at home. Definitely, under this pandemic, numerous problems have been exposed. We realized how fragile our medical system and psychological health are. However, a series of reactions responding to the epidemic has also shown wisdom in an architectural way. Hospitals were built in ten days. Huge public buildings were transformed into temporary hospitals in order to treat patients. There are many more possibilities for hospitals today than in ancient times. This master thesis questions the classic principle "Form follows function" and imagines the future of hospitals. Starting from an experiment in Barcelona transforming four historical buildings into hospitals, the extra program is considered to be added to each hospital. The design part is mainly focused on one of the buildings, La Model. Preservation is architecture's saving retreat and we should make full use of it.

The layout of Poblenou is complicated, combined with many layers, including the Cerdà Grid and practices following it, different kinds of industrial heritage and its layout, etc. They are different and contradictory, for carried out in different historical periods and from architectural thoughts. As Cerdà grid gradually approaching, many of industrial heritage sunk and scattered into the orthogonal grid. The old layout has been dissolved into new context. However, they brought ´diversity´ to Cerdà grid, which is the crucial value in the evolution of Cerdà in Poblenou. It naturally generates chances for evolution of new Cerdà to accommodate and integrate various and contradictory elements here, and can be identified as ´Industrial Cerdà´. Thus, ´Industrial Cerdà´ in Poblenou should not be simply described as ´orthogonal grid´, but the carrier of diversity and ´non-Cerdà´ layers in Poblenou as well. Thus, thesis mainly focuses on three basic question: How to insert industrial heritage into Cerdà block? How can industrial heritage refit the form of Cerdà? And how to integrate them together? The thesis will be divided into 3 aspects. Firstly, standard Cerdà, as well as many orthogonal planning in history, emphasizes the concept of ´unit´ and their solutions of generating public spaces. It shows a critical idea of individual but common cluster for safety and sense of belonging, while assembled for urban spaces. Thus, they are not enclosed, with some connections to context. Among some new Cerdà blocks in Poblenou, courtyards are reorganised as urban space in larger scale. Secondly, Cerdà plan can never be perfect standard model. Exceptional plots of it create horizontal diversity to various circumstances for Cerdà practices. It emerged from compromises when facing with reality, including function, entrance, landmark, etc. In order to establish positive interactions between courtyard and context with visual, functional and mobility connections in different types in different parts of a standard model. Thirdly, industrial heritages and its layout are supposed to contribute to reform of Cerdà blocks to improve the quality of pedestrian level spaces of Poblenou, which can be achieved by overlapping. Many architects expressed their ideas of integration different layers of activities and context, which could help to create vertical diversity for Cerdà forms. Meanwhile, heritages can also be well absorbed in pedestrian spaces for city life. To take Can Ricart as example, this thesis aims to practise formal strategies for industrial heritage to refit in Cerdà block in Poblenou, and also help them to assimilate into new communities there.

Traditional markets used to situated in the community center and metropolitan transportation hubs, which facility residents’ daily food purchasing and food transport from the countryside. They are not only the magnet in the urban residential area, but also link between city center and suburban farmland. Nowadays, however, with the rapid development of the city, Shanghai’s urban centers are becoming increasingly dense. The city needs more land for construction, and the urban boundaries are constantly extended outside. As a result, the suburban farmland that provides food for the city center degenerates, making the transportation distance from the farmland to markets in the city center longer. Moreover, markets in the center of Shanghai city, on one hand, are shrinking because of the urban usable land decrease, on the other hand, the improvement of peopel’s well-being increase their requirement for the shopping environment. More people like to purchase daily food in the modern supermarket instead of dirty and messy traditional food market. Old market in the centre of the city was demolished, facing the danger of decline. However,the traditional market is an important public space in the community. Morover,they are the records of local history and culture and space evolution.In this project, the designer explore the relationship between urban food selling and production space through a hybrid of traditional market, agriculture and metropolitan traffic system in the complex temporary city background. It is in order to strengthen the market space and farmland. in the metropolitan area, and serve the urban residents better

This thesis will delve into a new meaning of gap spaces where are acquiring a new role and how they constructed between borders. One of the expectations is that this architectural attempt in urban gap space will reconnect the fragmentation and isolation existing in the city. In order to connect the urban fabric between the different borders, “Bridging the gap” can serve as an opportunity in that architecture expand its scope and role as intermediation for the urban environment. Therefore, this project aimed to attempt the possible ways of creating well-organized and desirable urban environments.

As one of the initial elements to human beings and urban development, water affects cities’ location and development. Furthermore, it’s also related the living, working and relaxation of citizen. In recent years, the city of industry shift the focus of the tertiary industry by industry, all provide a good opportunity for the development of the urban waterfront. Study on urban waterfront regeneration can greatly enhance the urban ecological function and cultural functions, resulting in enormous economic benefits, and promote urban development. After years of reform, the urban waterfront development has achieved some progress, but many problems still exist. The methods waterfront development is single and blind, waterfront ecosystem is unbalanced, management of development is jumbled, lack of attention to public interest and identifiable. From the previous research, seven approaches were found to be crucial to the waterfront revitalization and are presented as follows: consistent design, promote mixed functions, improve the publicity of space, enhancing the accessibility of space, create a hydrophilic space, create harmonious ecological space, extend the history and culture.

Montjuic Hill, also called the mountain of the city, represents one of the most important and em-blematic sites of Barcelona. Known for its history and urban evolution in the city, with a strategic location bordering the coastal area of Barceloneta, the mountain has hosted the main events of Barcelona’s history, namely, the 1929 International Exhibition, the 1992 Olympic Games, among others. Indeed, because of its historical evolution, its positioning and its multiple parks, museums and sports facilities, Montjuic is known for being the touristic, cultural and sports site of Barcelo-na, and is also famous for its multiple parks and different types of transportation. For the master’s project, and in continuity with the first semester, we will focus on the last two themes related to Montjuic’s mobility and green areas.

The aim of this thesis is to reveal the importance of the “travesseres” as abstract elements which have the role of connecting two points (areas, fragments, sections) in a structure and of creating a consistent system that complement other systems in the structure, thus becoming a structuring element in the system. This concept is applied to the study of Barcelona's urban structure to ascertain whether it was maintained implicitly and/or explicitly in the city structure. The work is based on the hypothesis that the “travessera” or crossing element has been present both in the construction phase (material layers) and in the theoretical proposals (non-material layers) of the city structure and has remained latent in different moments in the history, at different scales and in different contexts that have been related and/or linked to each other, from the urban to the metropolitan and territorial level. The author believes this can be determined by analysing the origins and the transformation of the city. In this sense, the thesis is organised chronologically. However, instead of providing a historical review, the author seeks to test the initial hypothesis by studying the urban transformation of the city. Considering that urban transformation is a process with more or less continuity, the author uses the analysis and chronological comparison of the changes, the elements that remain unchanged and the influences of the structure over time, both in material constructions and in theoretical proposals. Even though emphasis is placed on morphology, it is understood that it is linked to other areas of knowledge or associated to the specific reality of the city. Therefore, by studying the definition and development of this kind of elements in the city structure chronologically, linking them to a specific moment in the history and to their urban, social, economic and cultural implications, as well as to the possible influence they have on the development, growth and proposals of the city, the author provides evidence to show that these elements remain somewhat latent at different levels of the urban structure. The author was keen on illustrating how a formal scheme (theoretical or material) can be maintained and/or reproduced at different scales and for different purposes over time, and also how new proposals can arise from the reinterpretation and review of a specific formal structure in a different historical, material and conceptual context, with different material, sociological, economical and technological requirements among others. The idea is to try out a methodology that can be used in other cases, that allows us to "manage" the analysis and study of complex systems using relatively simple methods, such as the comparison and abstraction of elements and the analysis of complexity according to different scales and interpretations. Accordingly, the relationship between the "travesseres" and textile fabric is used as a metaphor that connects the (territorial, geographic) urban fabric with the textile fabric to understand and conceptualise (territorial, geographic) urban structures both in the analysis and in the proposal phases. The purpose of this thesis is thus to test the hypothesis based on a specific case study without claiming to be definitive or conclusive, to add another vision to the analysis of complex systems. The case of the city of Barcelona is suggested for this research as a resource to perform analysis and find proof rather than as an exemplary case. By the same token, the author uses the viability of the northern “travessera” -a “travessera” that, in the urban structure of Barcelona, is appearing and disappearing over time"- as a common thread (hence the subtitle of the thesis: “Viabilitat de la Travessera Nord”); the author looks for this element throughout the paper until the present time, a moment in which (the paper claims) its realisation is viable. La tesi pretén fer evident la importància de les travesseres com elements abstractes, que en una estructura, tenen la funció de connectar dos punts (àrees, fragments, sectors,...) de la mateixa i, alhora, formar un sistema coherent i complementari amb altres sistemes de l’estructura, prenent un paper estructurant, aplicant aquesta idea a l’estudi de l’estructura urbana de la ciutat de Barcelona, es vol comprovar si aquesta idea ha estat de forma implícita i/o explicita en l’estructura urbana de Barcelona. Es parteix de la hipòtesi que l’element travesser ha estat present, tant a les realitzacions (capes materials) com a les propostes teòriques (capes immaterials) i, que ha estat subjacent (latent) en diferents moments històrics a diferents escales i contexts, que s’han relacionat i/o vinculat, des de l’escala urbana a la metropolitana i territorial. Aquest fet, creiem que el podem comprovar analitzant la generació i transformació urbana. En aquest sentit, la tesi s’ha organitzat cronològicament. Es tracta, més que d’un treball històric, de comprovar en la transformació urbana de la ciutat, la hipòtesi inicial del treball. Al considerar la transformació urbana com un procés, amb major o menor continuïtat, recorrem a l’anàlisi i comparació temporal dels canvis, permanències i influències de l’estructura al llarg del temps, tant en les realitzacions concretes com en les propostes de projecte i/o teòriques. Tot i que es fa èmfasi en la morfologia, aquesta, l’entenem vinculada a altres aspectes o àrees de coneixement o aproximació al fet concret de la ciutat. Per això, seguint un criteri cronològic en l’estudi de la definició i formació d’aquest tipus d’elements de l’estructura de la ciutat, relacionant-los amb el moment històric concret i amb les seves implicacions urbanístiques, socials, econòmiques i culturals, així com amb les possibles influències en el desenvolupament i propostes sobre la ciutat, la tesi apunta cap a l’evidència d’una certa latència d’aquests elements en les diferents escales de l’estructura urbana. Ens ha interessat evidenciar, com, un esquema formal (teòric o material) es pot mantenir i/o reproduir a diferents escales i per diferents intencions, al llarg del temps, així com, una estructura formal determinada, pot servir per generar propostes a partir de la reinterpretació i actualització de la mateixa, en un context històric, material i conceptual diferent, amb requeriments, materials, sociològics, econòmics, tecnològics, etc., diferents. Es tracta, d’assajar una metodologia que pugui servir per altres casos, que es pugui “gestionar” l’anàlisi i el coneixement de formes complexes a partir de mètodes relativament senzills, com la comparació, abstracció d’elements i analitzar la complexitat atenent a diverses escales i interpretacions dels seus elements. En aquest sentit, ens ha interessat la relació que les travesseres tenen amb el teixit tèxtil, veient amb la metàfora que relaciona el teixit urbà (territorial, geogràfic) amb el teixit tèxtil una via per la comprensió i conceptualització de les estructures urbanes (territorials, geogràfiques) tant en l’anàlisi com en la proposta. Amb tot, la tesi, pretén assajar la hipòtesi a partir d’un cas concret d’estudi, sense pretendre ser, ni definitiu ni concloent, sinó més aviat, afegir una altra visió (o re-visió) a l’anàlisi de les formes d’una certa complexitat. En aquest sentit, per el desenvolupament de la tesi, el cas de la ciutat de Barcelona es planteja com un recurs d’anàlisi i prova, més que com un cas exemplar. Paral·lelament, hem pres com a fil conductor (per això el subtítol de la tesi) la Viabilitat de la Travessera Nord, una travessera que en l’estructura urbana de Barcelona, en el temps, va apareixent-desapareixent i, que a la tesi, anem cercant fins l’actualitat, un moment en que (des de la tesi afirmem) és viable la seva concreció (construcció), tot indicant la complexitat-dificultat de la mateixa.

The thesis explores the place of death and the cemetery in society and architecture, death wants to be seen and appreciated, it wishes to come out of the oblivion it has found itself for decades, seen as an enemy, the antithesis of life. This perception has existed for a long time when in truth they have an eternal relationship that should be seen as part of the same cycle, a single event, where they complete each other. Architecture plays a key role to bridge these two worlds, providing places where both the living and the dead can dwell. A final resting place for the dead, where the living can also find beauty, surprises, and serenity. Architecture stands in between life and death, in the middle of a paradox, it has the poetic possibility of bringing death and its memory closer to the physical realm, and as an art, it can also slow down the passing of time. When dealing with death architecture stands in the middle of several contradictions, natural-artificial, interior-exterior, public-private, so the thesis is an approach to the gap between these concepts and the possibilities that exist there. Both the city of the living and the death will continue to grow until a point they meet each other this is why it is important to project the current interstice that exists between them in order to create the proper encounter of the two. The thesis is organized into six chapters. The first one is an analysis of the place of death in the city and its evolution through time, the second one addresses the key role nature plays in the reading of the places of the dead, the third one is an introduction to understand the possibilities of funerary architecture as part of the public space, the fourth and fifth are a theoretical approach to how space is perceived both in the large and the small scale and how it relates to the funerary architecture, finally, the last chapter is the architectural manifestation of a project that applies the ideas of monumentality and the perception of space in order to bridge the gap between the living and the dead.

MBArch -- The Contemporary Project The development of urban projects covers several issues, resulting in always facing different challenges with the biggest being the humans themselves. In that sense, with the rapid evolution of technology and globalization, we humans have lost the conversation between our body and our built environment. For that reason, it is important to establish a dialogue with a common language that can speak to today’s body. In our contemporary cities the dialogue happens in the way of how we live and experience the places we use. Using water as a critical element of our urban spaces, its experience and metaphysical nature plays a big role in the phenomenology of architectural understanding. It means, the importance of designing spaces that influence the outer body senses that both obtain and give meaning to its surroundings leading to a psychological sense of place. In other words, the body is the main generator of design and this thesis explores its dialogue with the environment through water as an important element of architecture.

Las catedrales eran unos elementos vivos en constante cambio por los diferentes personajes y ritos que iban apareciendo en el tiempo para modificarlas. Eran, además, un espacio edificado en transformación permanente, que se alimentaba a diario de variadas dinámicas promovidas por los actores que participaban en su apropiación: la iglesia, la corona y el pueblo. Así, este espacio de convergencia se construía diariamente y sufría cambios de diferentes escalas, según la necesidad y la influencia de sus impulsores, haciendo de él un palimpsesto espacial. Al entender esto y considerando la catedral como una constante espacial en el transcurrir temporal de los siglos, lo que trae consigo una evolución permanente, la Catedral de Toledo se convierte en un reflejo de esas mutaciones, haciéndose evidente de manera física y evocándonos el concepto de ensamblaje en su espacio, el cual nos llega al presente como un legado cultural, en un estado que permite analizar las piezas y modificaciones. De esta manera, este estudio pretende, por medio de la disección arquitectónica del palimpsesto espacial, separar del cuerpo principal cada uno de los elementos que fueron apareciendo en el transcurso de los siglos a manera de modificaciones y añadiduras, para poder estudiarlos de manera autónoma. Al trabajar estos espacios y elementos de manera independiente, y entendiendo los partícipes de su realización y sus contextos, se busca ejemplificar posibles analogías y antecedentes que influenciaron el diseño de cada uno de ellos, esto a través de comparación de arquitecturas similares. Asimismo, al realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico a la anatomía de la Catedral, se teorizará acerca de cómo aparecen las juntas y relaciones morfológicas entre los elementos nuevos y los existentes, los cuales, debido a su intersección formal, generan unas tensiones espaciales únicas y de gran interés para ser estudiadas, ya que también reflejan conocimientos técnicos y estéticos de cada época. Como se explicaba anteriormente, la Catedral llega a nuestro presente de manera que refleja todos esos cambios temporales, dando paso a un constante interés en su patrimonio arquitectónico y legado cultural. Este mismo interés por el elemento arquitectónico, junto a los cambios de uso que presenta aún hoy la Catedral, hacen evidente que actualmente funciona, además, como un museo. Por esta razón, se plantea y proyecta una nueva adición que busca cumplir con la función de ser un espacio de exposición, necesidad actual que presenta el complejo catedralicio. El proyecto, al igual que los elementos adicionados en siglos pasados, busca establecer una nueva relación y una lectura del lugar para, además, poder exhibir en su interior la riqueza de sus tesoros culturales, arte religioso y contemporáneo, y la Catedral misma como elemento de contemplación. Cathedrals were living elements in constant change due to the different characters and rites that appeared in time to modify them. They were also a built space in permanent transformation, which was nourished daily by various dynamics promoted by the actors who participated in its appropriation: the church, the crown and the local people. Thus, this space of convergence was built daily and underwent changes of different scales, according to the need and influence of its promoters, making it a spatial palimpsest. By understanding this and considering the cathedral as a spatial constant in the passing of the centuries, which brings with it a permanent evolution, the Cathedral of Toledo becomes a reflection of those mutations, becoming physically evident and evoking the concept of assembly in its space, which reaches us today as a cultural legacy, in a state that allows us to analyze the pieces and modifications. In this way, this study intends, by means of the architectural dissection of the spatial palimpsest, to separate from the main body each one of the elements that appeared in the course of the centuries as modifications and additions, to be able to study them in an autonomous way. By working these spaces and elements independently, and understanding the participants in their realization and their contexts, we seek to exemplify possible analogies and backgrounds that influenced the design of each of them, this through comparison of similar architectures. Likewise, when performing the surgical procedure to the anatomy of the Cathedral, it will be theorized about how the joints and morphological relationships appear between the new and existing elements, which, due to their formal intersection, generate unique and interesting spatial tensions to be studied, since they also reflect technical and aesthetic knowledge of each period. As explained above, the Cathedral reaches our present in a way that reflects all those temporal changes, giving way to a constant interest in its architectural heritage and cultural legacy. This same interest in the architectural element, together with the changes in use that the Cathedral still presents today, make it clear that it also functions as a museum. For this reason, a new addition has been planned and designed to fulfill the function of being an exhibition space, a current need presented by the cathedral complex. The project, as well as the elements added in past centuries, seeks to establish a new relationship and reading of the place in order to be able to exhibit in its interior the richness of its cultural treasures, religious and contemporary art, and the Cathedral itself as an element of contemplation.

The marketplace has been throughout history a powerful promotor of public space, from the beginning when trade and dealings between people were done in these special designated places it quickly became a necessity of everyday life. With the passing of time and the arrival of modernity our cities have changed, and so the way we approach the market as an everyday aspect of our lives; markets today are losing ground to more convenient ways of shopping like the supermarket or convenience store, the cultural exchange that the market provides to a community is being replaced by fast and lifeless methods of buying. The market must evolve in order to survive these changes, it has to bring more to the city than a place to buy and sell, it needs to become a new centrality where public and private spaces meet. The hybrid-building typologies have provided us with new ways of designing the city, where mixed use is key in order to promote the use of space in different ways, this diversity creates possibilities for the city to adapt and to move. In this thesis I explore the role of the hybrid space and how it can be applied to the market, taking special emphasis on the bridge-building structure and how it can create a relationship with the public and private realms and provide in-between spaces for the contemporary life. The proposal acts literally as a bridge that links a system of housing, co-working areas, commerce and public space with the Fira II building, and at its core the marketplace serves as the articulating piece for the whole project.

This research is about strategies of architectural actions on urban “food space” that aim to provide a new sustainable vitality way of diet for re-feeding the city. The subject of the study is located in Badalona on the northern edge area of Barcelona. The development and construction of this area started late, with low population density and lack of urban vitality and diversity. It is worth noting that the commercial model of food in this area, sales and catering, are monotonous and its service radiation range is small. Food, closely related to people ’s daily lives, in whole or in part, has a “reprogramming” effect on certain spaces in the city. From the perspective of architecture, this thesis proposes the core idea “refeeding city” throuth new food space, creating a sustainable city full of healthy food, diverse food consumption spaces, and ecological public spaces. The research includes theoretical research on food space and the specific strategies of the project. The chapter one about food space involves a research on the relationship between food and urban space, and research on the future development trend of food space. And then in the chapter two, studying how to carry out specific urban and architectural space design strategies to provide the city with fresh food, new eating spaces and new vibrant urban spaces. As a result, this study attempts to establish the relationship between food and physical space through different spatial strategies to achieve the purpose of reshaping urban space, providing a new sustainable way of feeding city, and stimulating urban development.

This research will be focusing on an element, which is nature, that have been neglected by modern architects’ movement for so long; furthermore, I will be focusing on how to reclaim spaces and freeways in our modern contemporary cities back from automobiles to the inhabitance through a contemporary solution, by integrating nature into the city’s infrastructure. The research core subject is “Urban greenways”, which plays a significant role in both developing and resiliencing the living environment of our urbanized cities. Urban greenways provide environmental, ecological, recreational, social, educational, and economic benefits to our modern cities. In other words, Stitching and Healing the city's Urban Fabric from the cuts, created by the infrastructure, through Urban Greenway

“PROFESTA DE BARCELONA: An Architecture for a Synthesis between Festival and Protest in Barcelona” aims to explore the potential of an architectural project to synthesise two urban spectacles of Barcelona; festivals and protests. This synthesis ends up with a unique spectacle type called ProFesta. The process of generating this new spectacle and newly constructed situations are achieved by following the philosophy and principles of Situationism International.

The subsoil has been a mysterious, silent, intriguing, dark place, there are reasons or rather a preconceived argument that we handle in the mind of why humanity has lived and conquered the surface and not the subsoil. The underground space has been developed primarily as a hidden, negative substitute for the above, we can bring it to efficient character expressions, bring it unexplored qualities, and bring architecture to its fullest expression of creativity by bringing light underground. Although today the subsoil has an integrating role in the construction of cities, it is not really an integral part of the metropolis; it is present only out of necessity. This is due for many reasons, but mainly to its functions as “the fluids rather to space itself” 3 and its limited relationship with the city above. It is interesting to discover and experience Barcelona from another point of view. Because it is an undiscovered world, but, at the same time, ironically contains pieces of history, as if it was already lived and forgotten. In the Barcelona metro, there are so many elements that they keep waiting and screaming to be integrated or rediscovered.

The objective of this research is to study how interactive advanced technologies can transform public space and why is it important in shaping future cities. One of the main features of adaptive design is softness, it could be Soft material, soft sound, soft power, soft computing, software. Soft space is dynamically and simultaneously adapting to spatial and environmental conditions. Soft space is aware of how attached we are to our cellphones and how unconscious we are toward the city around us, it is an interface that interacts with our mobile devices and bridges the gap between human, device and city.