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This study considered the setup of gamma transmission facility to develop a methodology for determining the amount of cement in sandcrete block. Twelve block samples was moulded in varying sand/cement ratio. The 12 samples each were measured both in volume, masses and density. Each of the samples went through a destructive test to determine the compressive strength via strength test machine. Also each of the sample went through a non destructive gamma ray transmission (GRT) test, where gamma count was taken both before and after crushing. The linear & mass attenuation co-efficient U & U (cm2/g) was determined by (1) The incident gamma ray intensity,(2) the attenuation gamma ray intensity and (3) the background intensity. We realized that the cement weight concentration against the mass attenuation co-efficient has a linear corelation of 0.97, while the compressive strength of the same samples against cement concentration also give a linear correlation of 0.96 except for lower cement values of 7.35 and 9.37wt% which deviates from the straight line. Its deduced that there is a remarkable relationship between mass attenuation coefficient, compressive strength and cement concentration, thus mass attenuation coefficient against compressive strength has a linear correlation of 0.985. Conclusively, it was noted that gamma transmission technique is non-destructive, fast and cost effective compared to the conventional method.

Dependence measures, from linear correlation coefficients to recent copula-based methods, have been widely used to find out associations between variables. Although the latter type of measure has o...

The particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) inside urban subway stations greatly influence indoor air quality and passenger comfort. This study aims to analyze and interpret the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, measured in several subway stations from October 9th to 22nd, 2016 in Beijing, China. The overall methodology was based on the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software while General linear model (GLM) and correlation analysis were further applied to examine the sensitivities of different variables to the particle concentrations. The data analysis showed the average overall mass ratio of PM concentrations inside subway station is about 68.7%, much lower than outdoor condition (79.6%). In the areas of the station hall and platform, the real-time PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations varied periodically. In working and operation offices, all rooms had much higher PM concentrations than the outdoor environment when its pollution level was level 3, in which the facility room reached the highest level, while the closed meeting room had the lowest. Correlation analysis results indicated that PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were mutually correlated (average R2 = 0.854), and a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.897) of the subway-station PM concentrations to the outdoor PM conditions, regardless of the outdoor atmospheric PM concentrations pollution level was. Nevertheless, the impact of passenger number and temperature & humidity on the station PM concentrations was less, when compared to the outdoor environment. This paper is expected to provide useful information for further research and design of effective prevention measures on PM in local subway stations, towards a more sustainable and healthier built environment in the city underground.

Two novel porphyrinated polyimides, 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA)/4,4′-Oxydianiline (ODA)/iron 5,10-bis(4-aminophenyl)-15,20-diphenylporphyrin (FeDATPP) and 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)/ODA/FeDATPP, abbreviated as BOFe and 6OFe, were synthesized and electrospun into nanofibers for dissolved oxygen (DO) sensing. The effects of electro-activity (i.e., electron-withdrawing ability of BPDA, 6FDA and FeDATPP when these units were binding with DO) and the roles of the nanofiber orientation in DO sensing were investigated. Electrochemical characterization indicates that the current values in Cyclic Voltammograms (CV) exhibits linear correlation with the DO concentration, with the correlation coefficient R2 varying from 0.9461 to 0.9958, suggesting the excellent DO sensing performance of the synthesized porphyrinated polyimides. Meanwhile, it is found that the oxygen reduction behaviors in DO sensing were vastly altered due to the different electro-activity and orientation structures of the porphyrinated polyimides nanofibers. An unusual side-on porphyrin-O2 configuration and charge transfer mechanism during DO sensing were clarified upon molecular simulation. The present work provides two novel porphyrinated polyimides for DO sensor applications.

In recent years, the design, development, and evaluation of several inhibitors of the BACE1 enzyme, as part of Alzheimer's treatment, have gathered the scientific community's interest. Here, a linear regression model was built using binding free energy calculations through the Bennett acceptance ratio method for 20 known inhibitors of the BACE1 enzyme, with a Pearson coefficient of R = 0.88 and R2 = 0.78. The validation of this model was verified employing eight additional random inhibitors, which also gave a linear correlation with R = 0.97 and R2 = 0.93. Furthermore, this linear regression model was also used for proposing the structure of four potential BACE1 inhibitors, and the most active of them gave a theoretical Kd = 10 nM. However, these molecules have not been synthesized yet. Our team used a total time of more than 800 ns for the Molecular Dynamics to carry out this study, and all the software used were freely available.

This article proposes the use of mathematical models obtained by the Pearson correlation between the concentration of various recalcitrant organic compounds (ROCs) measured by chromatographic analysis (ChrA) and experimental chemical oxygen demand (COD). The aim is to reduce the number of samples processed by the ChrA, diminishing the economic costs of analysis. Ten ROCs, including pesticides, colorants, aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceuticals compounds, were introduced into four advanced oxidation processes operated at different residence times. Every ROC was tested at each residence time by COD determination and by quantification of concentrations with ChrA. Furthermore, chemical equations for the COD reaction of every ROC were formulated. A linear model was obtained for all the ROCs, after corroborating that the correlation between theoretical and experimental COD was >0.99, which established the ROC concentration from the experimental COD, omitting the ChrA. Results indicated that it is possible to know concentrations in most of the ROCs by means of the experimental COD with a >99±0.01% of accuracy, which leads to a cost decrease and even to evaluate methods in developing countries, which often do not have chromatographs and where pollution issues are meaningful.

Limited availability of representative sample material for mineralogical and metallurgical studies is a common problem. Samples are typically composites that contain mineralogical variation, which hinders mapping of ore variability. Understanding and characterizing ore variability is the most important part of the geometallurgical framework and is essential for optimization of production. Information about ore blocks’ hardness, mineralogy, and metallurgical response guides planning and management of mining and processing. Standard grindability tests, like the Bond test, may require up to 10 kg of sample material and are rather time consuming. Here we present a rediscovery of an old comminution test method that is quick and requires only a small amount of sample material. Grindability tests were conducted with an Outotec Mergan mill and the results were compared with tests carried out with a conventional Bond ball mill. Based on the results, there is a linear correlation between the Mergan work index and the Bond work index. Mergan grinding tests enable prediction of the Bond work index quickly and using only about a five-kilogram sample. Furthermore, the ground sample material is available for analysis of chemical and mineral composition and for metallurgical testing.

The aim of this study was to check the potential relation between the capacity to mentalize and achievement motivation. The sample consisted of two subsamples. Sample from Serbia consisted of 142 respondents, of both sexes (Female=100; Male=42). The age range in this sample was from 18 to 43 (M=20.24). Sample from North Macedonia consisted of 100 respondents, students from Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, both sexes (Female=65; Male=35). The age range in this sample was from 18 to 45 (M=22.2). Mentalization was operationalized using Questionnaire for assessing Mentalization (Dimitrijevic, Hanak, Altaras-Dimitrijevic & Jolic-Marjanovic, 2017), while Achievement Motivation was measured using Achievement Motivation Scale (Fransesko, Mihic, Bala, 2002). The data were analyzed by the usage of linear correlation between capacity for mentalization and achievement motivation. On the Serbian sample, statistically significant correlations were found between mentalization of self and persistence in achieving goals (r=-.354) and achieving goals as a source of satisfaction (r=-.210), between mentalization of others and persistence in achieving goals (r=.253), tendency towards competing (r=.170) and achieving goals as a source of satisfaction (r=.209), and between motivation for mentalization and and persistence in achieving goals (r=.275), tendency towards competing (r=.242) and achieving goals as a source of satisfaction (r=.282). On the sample from North Macedonia statistically significant correlations were found between mentalization of self and persistence in achieving goals (r=-.218), between mentalization of others and persistence in achieving goals (r=.423), tendency towards planning (r=.217) and achieving goals as a source of satisfaction (r=.356), and between motivation for mentalization and all components of achievement motivation (p

THE AIM OF THE PAPER Our study deals with the influencing factors of patients’ satisfaction with their primary care physicians, and with satisfaction-loyalty connection. We investigated which service-quality items may influence the best the satisfaction with the primary care and whether the satisfaction has an effect on the loyalty to the physician. METHODOLOGY Data were collected by interviews using nationally and internationally validated questionnaires. The sample was chosen from inhabitants of three different cities. The data was processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and SmartPLS programmes. The sample was evaluated with mathematical-statistical methods: descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and PLS Path Modeling. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS The satisfaction results of this paper can be compared with similar national publications. 80% of respondents were still satisfied or very satisfied with their family physicians. Their average performance was 4,27 measured on a five-point Liker-scale. According to PLS regression results, the satisfaction of patients is influenced remarkably by the involvement of patients into decision-making (s=0,459) and providing information to patients (s=0,210), but the role of the physical environment is not a relevant factor in satisfaction. Our novel finding is that patient-physician communication significantly influence the overall satisfaction. Moreover, a linear correlation was also proved between satisfaction and loyalty (s=0,727). RECOMMENDATIONS The results of the present research highlight new aspect of quality improvement factors in the everyday practice. Besides the conventional quality dimensions in the primary care (waiting times, physical environment) newer items appeared as relevant factors (communication, patient involvement). Based on our results, the directions of practice development can be appointed: the good patient-physician communication, handling patients as equal partner and involvement of the patient into the decision-making process should play a crucial role in the future.

The molecular properties of the environmental mutagens nitrofluoranthenes (NFs; 1-, 2-, 3-, 7- and 8-NF), such as (hyper)polarizability, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), spectroscopic characteristics, magnetic index (NICS) and others, obtained by means of ab initio (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) approaches have been correlated with the observed mutagenic activities. A very good linear correlation (Rav = 0.99) between average polarizability () and experimental mutagenic activities of NFs in different Salmonella typhimurium strains from two independent experimental studies (Vance and Levin, Environ. Mutagen. 6 (1984) 797 and Zielinska et al., Mutation Res. 206 (1988) 131) was established. Higher values of polarizability derivatives with respect to the vsNO+CN vibrational coordinate for 8-NF and 3-NF compared to 1-NF and 7-NF and, consequently, higher Raman activities in the spectra that are in correlation with mutagenic activities, implicate significant intermolecular interactions along this vibrational coordinate. The results indicate that the binding of NFs to enzymes is the main step in mutagenic pathway of these nitro derivatives. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. ON172001]

Abstract: Introduction: Certain dietary items contain significant amounts of flavonoids which was shown to improve cognitive function. An earlier investigation demonstrated a strong linear correlation between chocolate consumption and the number of Nobel laureates in a given country. However, Hungary and the Hungarian Nobel laureates were not included in this analysis. Aim: In this publication, we aim to complement these data by analyzing data available for Hungary. Method: The number of Nobel laureates per country and the international data on chocolate consumption were based on the previously published results. The amount of chocolate consumption in Hungary was based on data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. GDP per capita and Research and Development Expenditure data for the investigated countries were derived from the World Bank. Results: There are 11 Nobel laureates from Hungary. Based on this, Hungary ranks the 9th amongst the 24 studied countries. However, it only ranks the 19th when it comes to chocolate consumption. Correlations were found between the number of Nobel laureates and GDP per capita (r = 0.734; p = 0.001) as well as Research and Development Expenditure (r = 0.532; p = 0.01) amongst the studied countries. Conclusion: The achievements of Hungarian scholars do not support the earlier notion that there is a link between the number of Nobel laureates (cognitive function) and the chocolate consumption in a given country. Their biographies highlight the importance and more possibilities of research funding in wealthier countries. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(1): 26–29.

Nanofiber scaffolds provide numerous advantages over common carriers engineered for microorganisms. The most important advantage is an increased speed of primary surface colonization (up to four times faster), which shortens the time required for the areal biofilm formation and optimum performance of attached microorganisms (higher efficiency of biological activity of up to twice as fast). Image analysis predicts early formation of biofilm even in beginning stages; analysis of biofilm reveals the different structures of bacterial colonies on both scaffolds (higher porosity, size, and number of bacterial colonies on nanofiber’s surface). The image analysis correlates well with determinations of dry matter (linear correlation of 0.96) and proteins (linear correlation of 0.89).

A linear correlation between nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and relative hardness for various sizes of antiaromatic 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2) was revealed with HF computations using the gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) and time-dependent (TD) methods. Based on this finding, a method to evaluate the relative hardness of 4n π-systems (n ≥ 2) as a new experimental measure of antiaromaticity has been developed.

The basic concepts of the delocalized-atom model have been shown to be applicable to low-melting-point sulfophosphate glasses and parameters of the model have been calculated. The parameters have been used to gain insight into the “atom delocalization” process in the glasses and assess their properties (viscosity, microhardness, glass transition temperature, and internal pressure). The results demonstrate that there is a linear correlation between the atom delocalization energy and glass transition temperature. The melt–glass transition is accompanied by the freezing of the atom delocalization process.

The active fragment [Tp'Rh(CNneopentyl)], generated from the precursor Tp'Rh(CNneopentyl)(PhN[double bond, length as m-dash]CNneopentyl), underwent oxidative addition of substituted ketones and esters resulting in Tp'Rh(CNneopentyl)(R)(H) complexes (Tp' = tris-(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate). These C-H activated complexes underwent reductive elimination at varying temperatures (24-70 °C) in C6D6 or C6D12. Using previously established kinetic techniques, the relative Rh-C bond strengths were calculated. Analysis of the relative Rh-C bond strengths vs. C-H bond strengths shows a linear correlation with slope RM-C/C-H = 1.22 (12). In general, α-substituents increase the relative Rh-C bond strengths compared to the C-H bond that is broken.

Mindfulness is a state of being focused on the moment, and mindfulness therapy has not only achieved remarkable results in clinical practice, but also been gradually introduced into enterprises. This paper explores the relationship among the three dimensions of Enneagram and decision-making styles, with mindfulness playing a mediating role. We found that except for the thinking-centered dimension of personality, the other two dimensions have a linear correlation with the other three decision-making styles. Mindfulness is positively correlated with moderately alert decision-making style and negatively correlated with others. Mindfulness plays a mediating role between instinct-centered or feeling-centered personalities and four decision-making styles.

We put forward a model based on item response theory that highlights the role of latent features called “proficiency” and “propensity”. The model is adjusted to data from the decisions made in a high-stakes exam taken by 10,822 Brazilian high school students. Our model aims to recover infor-mation regarding the role the latent features (proficiency and propensity) play in a decision. We find that the decision of responding or not and also the decision of responding correctly or not in a group of items can be described by a two-dimensional logistic model, even if there are imperfections from an item-by-item adjustment. Not only proficiency, but also refraining from responding is found to depend on both the characteristics of the items and the latent features of the students. In particular, the least proficient students prefer to leave an item blank, rather than respond it incorrectly. There is a negative linear correlation between scoring in the exam and propensity, and scoring and proficiency are positively correlated although nonlinear.

In canine electrocardiography, the reference interval of the ventricular mean electrical axis (MEA) is between +40° and +100°. MEA values in dogs can be influenced by the patient position as well as by the shape of the thorax. The aim of this study was to evaluate the MEA in healthy Doberman Pinschers, hypothesizing that some present a left shift of the MEA. In this retrospective study, 41 healthy, client-owned Doberman Pinschers were included. Echocardiography and standard six-lead ECG examination were performed in all dogs. The MEA was calculated using the isoelectric method. The morphology of the QRS complex and the Q/R ratio in lead II were also evaluated. The median MEA was +45° and ranged from −45° to +90°. MEA was deviated in 16/41 dogs (39%), all presenting a left axis deviation (range, −45° to + 30°). Age was significantly associated with the MEA (P=0.008), showing a negative linear correlation. A deep Q wave in lead II was present in 26/41 (63%) dogs. The Q/R ratio was higher in dogs presenting left shift of the MEA (0.66; range, 0.28–1.35) in comparison to dogs with a MEA within reference range (0.44; range, 0.04–0.73; P

It has been shown that adsorption of natural antioxidants, such as 3-phenylpropenic (cinnamic), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenic (coumaric), and 3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propenic (ferulic) acids, on the surface of cerium dioxide is characterized by S-type isotherms, while adsorption of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propenic (caffeic) acid is described by an H-type isotherm. A linear correlation between adsorption values and hydrophobicity parameter logP has been found in initial regions of the S-type isotherms, with such correlation being typical for parallel orientation of adsorbed molecules relative to an adsorbent surface. The maximum adsorption values (≈2.9 × 10–4 mol/g), as well as dissociation constants (pKCOOH = 4.4–4.6), are almost identical for all acids, thereby suggesting that adsorbate molecules are predominantly bound to the adsorbent surface via carboxyl groups. The presence of hydroxyl groups in molecules of coumaric, ferulic, and caffeic acids widens the рН range of their adsorption as compared with cinnamic acid and promotes their oxidation on the cerium dioxide surface.

Here we report a combined fluorescence and mass spectrometry assay which is capable of stably visualizing and quantifying cellular nucleoside-labeled RNA production and degradation. The fluorescence and mass spectrometry signals from cellular labeled RNAs show a linear correlation. This simple and robust assay benefits the biological community to study RNA metabolism.

Haemonchus contortus are gastrointestinal nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae that naturally infect small ruminants while grazing, posing a risk to both animal health and farm profitability. Current diagnostics depend on exacting lab techniques, including manual egg counts and larval differentiation, all of which require time, effort, and specialized technicians. The goal of this study was to facilitate and accelerate the identification and quantification of H. contortus in fecal samples through the use of fluorescein-isothiocyanate peanut-agglutinin staining in order to allow automated detection using a 96-well microplate reader. Next, the model was to be validated using samples containing unknown quantities of eggs. Automated analysis of fluorescence emission of known quantities of H. contortus eggs confirmed an almost perfect linear correlation (r = 0.9984, p 0.0001), indicating that this new approach can satisfactorily be used to quantify H. contortus eggs on a comparative fluorescence scale. As validation, clinical samples containing an unknown quantity of H. contortus eggs were then analyzed by comparing two methods: either Wisconsin Sugar Flotation (WSF) and McMaster counting followed by manual fluorescence microscopy, or WSF coupled with automated microplate reading. Pearson analysis revealed highly significant correlation between manual and automated methods (r = 0.9999, p 0.0001), while Bland-Altman plots demonstrated excellent agreement between the two (bias = -0.817 ± 9.94 with 95% limits of agreement from -20.31 to 18.67). Overall, these results demonstrate that high-throughput screening fluorescence detection and quantification of H. contortus eggs is both accurate and rapid.

Specific height dependences of the precipitation based on the daily meteodata analysis (for the period 1970-85) were obtained for the Western Sayan, that is under conditions of insufficient data provided by the scarce network of stations. The analysis revealed that annual precipitation sum is characterized by closer dependence rather than seasonal one. It has been generally observed that the linear correlation has the highest reliability for southern macroslope of the ridge. At the same time the dependence of northern slope is primarily determined by the height: distribution of precipitation is defined by logarithmic function. Thus, low mountains pluviometric gradient (below 500 m) of warm period reaches a value 100 mm/100 m. As for the mid- mountain parts (above 1300 m), gradients of warm and cold periods don’t exceed 2 mm/100 m. Reliability of identified dependences has been confirmed by model calculations. All the modelled objects and periods were selected considering the existence and availability of both hydrological and meteorological data – the river Us and Amyl basins (right tributaries of Yenisei, Krasnoyarsk district, Russia) which represent typical runoff conditions for the semi-arid and semi-humid areas of the West Sayan. The investigation also found that the application of seasonal pluviometric gradients during the runoff modeling has improved the convergence of calculated and obtained hydrographs. It was shown that taking into account vertical pluviometric gradients turned out to be more significant for semi-arid regions. And furthermore, it’s improved the quality of runoff modeling notably for periods, characterized by the least value of Nash-Sutcliffe criteria, and reduced an amount of years with improper quality of calculation. This is especially important under conditions of insufficient hydrometeorological data.

This study aimed to examine quantitative relation between ethylbenzene (EB) in air (EB-A) and un-metabolized EB in urine (EB-U) for biological monitoring of occupational EB exposure by urinalysis for EB. In total, 49 men in furniture production factories participated in the study. Time-weighted average EB-A was monitored by diffusive sampling. Urinalysis for EB was conducted by head-space gas-chromatography with end-of-shift samples. Data were subjected to regression analysis for statistical evaluation. A geometric mean (GM) and the maximum (Max) EB-A levels were 2.1 and 45.5 ppm, respectively. A GM and the Max for EB-U (observed values) were 4.6 and 38.7 µg/l. A significant linear correlation was observed. The regression equation was Y=3.1+0.73X where X is EB-A (ppm) and Y is EB-U (μg/l) (r=0.91, p

This paper is based on the observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) with the EISCAT VHF 224 MHz radar during the summer month 08–12 July 2013. The effect of high energy particle precipitation on PMSE intensity, particularly during their simultaneous occurrence for longer time interval (longer than or equal to 3-h) has been investigated. The correlation between the two phenomena has been computed using the Spearman rank and Pearson linear correlation coefficient. The variations in high energy particle precipitation reaching down to altitude of 91 km and PMSE intensity in the altitude range of 80–90 km are positively correlated. The electron density irregularity due to ionization caused by precipitating particles might be one of the possible reasons for this positive correlation. Moreover, some other background parameters i.e. K-indices (proxy of high energy particle precipitation) and electron fluxes during the simultaneous occurrence of the two phenomena also support one of the possible reasons given for explanation of the observed positive correlation. The X-rays and proton fluxes have no noticeable effect on PMSE echoes in this study.

The safe ischemic time after a single-dose del Nido cardioplegia (DNC) infusion has not yet been established. This study evaluated the progression of myocardial ischemic injury to establish the safe ischemic time after a single-dose DNC infusion in the human heart using a transmission electron microscope.Seven hearts extracted from heart transplant recipients after infusion of 1000 mL single-dose DNC were evaluated. Serial left ventricular myocardial tissue samples were collected every 30 minutes for 180 minutes. Ischemic injuries in the mitochondria and nuclei were scored from 0 to 3 (0 = normal, 0.5 = slight, 1 = moderate, 2 = severe, and 3 = irreversible).At the time of extraction, 83.5% of the mitochondria were normal. The proportion of mitochondria with moderate ischemic injury increased gradually from 1.4% at extraction to 52.5% at 180 minutes. From 90 minutes to 180 minutes, the proportion of mitochondria with severe and irreversible injury increased from 0.8% to 4.4% and 0.3% to 1.3%, respectively. A significant linear correlation was identified between the average ischemic injury score of mitochondria and ischemic time (P .001). Most nuclei showed moderate to severe ischemic injury at every time point (61.0%-85.2%). A significant linear correlation was also found between the average ischemic injury score of nuclei and ischemic time (P .001).Myocardial ischemic injury progresses gradually, and irreversible ischemic injury begins to occur 90 minutes after initial DNC infusion in the adult human heart. Therefore, redosing of DNC may be required after 90 minutes of aortic crossclamp time during adult cardiac surgery.

Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is important for patients at risk of raised ICP, which may indicate developing diseases in brains that can lead to brain damage or even death. Monitoring ICP can be invaluable in the management of patients suffering from brain injury or hydrocephalus. To date, invasive measurements are still the standard method for monitoring ICP, however, these methods can not only cause bleeding or infection but are also very inconvenient to use, particularly for infants. Currently, none of the non-invasive methods can provide sufficient accuracy and ease of use while allowing continuous monitoring in routine clinical use at low cost. Here, we have developed a wearable, non-invasive ICP sensor that can be used like a band-aid. For the fabrication of the ICP sensor, a novel freeze casting method was developed to encapsulate the liquid metal microstructures within thin and flexible polymers. The final thickness of the ICP sensor demonstrated is 500 µm and can be further reduced. Three different designs of ICP sensors were tested under various pressure actuation conditions as well as different temperature environments, where the measured pressure changes were stable with the largest stability coefficient of variation being only CV = 0.0206. In addition, the sensor output values showed an extremely high linear correlation (R2 &gt, 0.9990) with the applied pressures.

In this study, we investigate the use of an image-based metric, black-to-white ratio (BWR), to quantify the soiling loss of a photovoltaic reference cell under different soiling conditions. BWRs extracted from the solar panel image and a surrogate checker pattern are correlated with the PV cell soiling loss measured via short circuit current method. A linear correlation was found between the BWR and the soiling loss of the PV reference cell. In addition, the surface dust loading estimated from the BWR agreed well with the PV reference cell’s soiling loss and dust potency information. However, it was found that BWR extracted from the lab PV cell is subject to over exposure and uncertainty, which calls for using field-size PV panel or the checkered board pattern as a surrogate. The results further demonstrated the utility of image-based soiling quantification and its feasibility for use in the field.

BACKGROUND Unhappiness, stress, and burnout will often lead to low academic performance among dental students. Perseverance and passion for long-term goal, known as grit, could overcome these despondent emotions. Our Study is looking at whether grit should be added as another domain during the interview process. The main objective of this study was to determine the association between grit and happiness among Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) dental students. In addition to that, the prevalence of gritty and happy dental students in UiTM was also determined and compared across the years of study. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Validated Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) and Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI) were distributed to all 409 undergraduate dental students in Faculty of Dentistry, UiTM through their class representatives. Scores for both grit and happiness were calculated according to their instruction manual. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25 by descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. RESULT Two hundred sixty-six students returned the answered questionnaires, yielding a response rate of 65%. Prevalence of gritty and happy UiTM dental students was found to be at 79% and 41%, respectively. There was a significant positive fair linear correlation between grit and happiness among dental students (r = 0.225, p

Identifying factors that influence interactions at the surface is still an active area of research. In this study, we present the importance of analyzing bondlength activation, while interpreting Density Functional Theory (DFT) results, as yet another crucial indicator for catalytic activity. We studied theadsorption of small molecules, such as O 2 , N 2 , CO, and CO 2 , on seven face-centered cubic (fcc) transition metal surfaces (M = Ag, Au, Cu, Ir, Rh, Pt, and Pd) and their commonly studied facets (100, 110, and 111). Through our DFT investigations, we highlight the absence of linear correlation between adsorption energies (E ads ) and bondlength activation (BL act ). Our study indicates the importance of evaluating both to develop a better understanding of adsorption at surfaces. We also developed a Machine Learning (ML) model trained on simple periodic table properties to predict both, E ads and BL act . Our ML model gives an accuracy of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) ∼ 0.2 eV for E ads predictions and 0.02 Å for BL act predictions. The systematic study of the ML featuresthat affect E ads and BL act further reinforces the importance of looking beyond adsorption energies to get a full picture of surface interactions with DFT.

This study compared blending effects of native and octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified blends (waxy rice and waxy potato starch). OSA groups were observed to be present primarily in the outer layer of waxy potato starch granule, but throughout the whole waxy rice granule. A high linear correlation with blending ratio was observed for trough viscosity and final viscosity of native blends, but for peak viscosity (PV) and breakdown viscosity (BD) of esterified blends. PV and BD of esterified blends showed weaker non-additive effects than those of native blends. Consistency coefficient in downward curve, flow behavior index in downward curve, and loss tangent mainly showed non-additive effects in native blends, but additive effects in esterified blends. OSA modification affects interaction between molecules on the outer surfaces of two starch granules by altering molecular structures on the outer surfaces, resulting in different blending effects between native and esterified waxy starch blends.

Introdução: A eletromiografia consiste no estudo, registro e interpretação dos sinais elétricos emitidos pelas fibras musculares ativas durante o processo de contração. Esta técnica abrange aplicações clínicas e em pesquisas científicas. Com o crescimento da população idosa estudos relacionando a produção de força e a técnica da eletromiografia tem sido realizado com o objetivo de quantificar os parâmetros referente a essa capacidade física. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão integrativa acerca da relação entre o sinal eletromiográfico e a produção de força em idosos.Métodos: Para a seleção dos artigos utilizou-se das bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science e Lilacs, por meio do uso dos descritores: “elderly AND electromyography AND muscle strenght“.Resultados e Discussão: Na população idosa, os declínios nos parâmetros fisiológicos e anatômicos tendem a se apresentar com maior frequência, tornando mais crítica a comparação quantitativa devido a diferentes respostas, de individuo para individuo e entre musculaturas diferentes o que pode inviabilizar a linearidade entre produção de força e sinal EMG..Conclusão: De acordo com a literatura, não há uma relação linear entre a eletromiografia de superfície e a produção de força em idosos. Diferenças em fatores fisiológicos, anatômicos e instrumentais podem explicar esse evento.

Objective: Dental fear is a common phenomenon in children and parents can have a key role in the development of child's dental anxiety. There is moderate evidence to support the relationship between the parental general health and children’s dental fear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental fear and cooperation of children during dental treatment with the general health of parents.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 130 children aged 6 to 12 at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences from May to September 2020.The personality traits and general health of parents were assessed by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). The Frankl's behavior rating scale and Children's Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) were used to respectively assess the degree of cooperation during dental practices and children’s dental fear. Statistical approaches included T-test, Chi-square and Pearson Linear correlation. A significant level of differences was taken as P0.001).Conclusion: There was not relationship between parent's general health with children's dental fear and cooperation.

Among the factors that determine the peak point of advancing abutment pressure, mining thickness is critical one. To study the effects of mining thickness on the peak position of advancing abutment pressure in fully mechanized mining faces, this paper takes the j7401 fully mechanized caving face of Helin coal mine as the research object and examines the relationship between mining thickness and the peak position of advancing abutment pressure based on theoretical analysis and field measurement. Theoretical analysis reveals that the relationship between mining thickness and the peak of advancing abutment pressure exhibited a linear correlation in which the distance between the peak and the coal wall of the working face increases with an increase in mining thickness. Site data analyzed using the Lagrange polynomial indicates that the peak position of abutment pressure remains unchanged when the thickness is the same. The research findings can serve as reference to predict the peak position of advancing abutment pressure under different mining thicknesses, which offers important implications when selecting support equipment and methods.

Human brain has a complex structure and is able to perform powerful functions. Blood-brain barrier blocks the entry of foreign substances and maintains the homeostasis of the brain. However, some exogenous substances are still able to pass through the blood-brain barrier, with distribution patterns yet to be clarified. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), a precursor (perfluorooctane sulfonamide that can be degraded to other substances), and emerging PFASs, were analyzed for the first time in living human brain glioma. The target compounds were detected and quantified in 25 out of 26 glioma samples. The concentration range of ∑PFAS was 0.05) in the concentrations of PFASs in the glioma samples. Concentrations of PFASs increased with increasing age, from 0.61 ng g−1 (0–14 years old) to 1.6 ng g−1 (>48 years old), with no significant linear correlation with age. The present study suggested that glioma is an effective indicator for monitoring exogenous contaminants in brain tissues.

Background: The randomized, crossover SWITCH PRO trial demonstrated increased time in range (TIR) with insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine U100 in basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). TIR as an emerging glycemic metric, captured by intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), may provide a more comprehensive picture of glycemic control than A1C alone. More evidence is required to confidently associate these metrics in insulin-treated T2D. This post hoc analysis of SWITCH PRO aimed to evaluate correlation between TIR and A1C in this less studied population. Methods: Correlation between absolute values for TIR (70-180 mg/dL) and A1C at baseline (BL) and at the end of maintenance periods 1 (M1) (week 18) and 2 (M2) (week 36) was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (rs). Results: Scatter plots showed a moderately positive linear correlation between TIR and A1C (Figure) at BL (rs -0.541), which improved with treatment intensification (M1: rs -0.594; M2: rs -0.596). Improved glycemic control following treatment intensification was signified by lower A1C values and greater TIR: 50% TIR corresponded to an estimated A1C 7.9% at BL, 7.8% in M1 and 7.8% in M2; 70% TIR corresponded to an estimated A1C 7.5% at BL, 7.2% in M1 and 7.2% in M2. Discussion: We observed a correlation between TIR and A1C in T2D treated with basal insulin. Improvement in TIR could be translated to lower A1C levels. Disclosure R. Goldenberg: Advisory Panel; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, HLS Therapeutics Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, HLS Therapeutics Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Agora , Amgen Canada, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., CCRN, CHRC, CMS Canada, CSEM, Eli Lilly and Company, EOCI , HLS Therapeutics Inc., Inceptus, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., liV Medical Education Agency, Master Clinician Alliance , Medplan, Merck & Co., Inc., Mylan N. V., Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Sanofi, Servier Laboratories, STA Communications Inc., TKTWG, Valeant . V. R. Aroda: Consultant; Self; Applied Therapeutics, Duke, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi, Employee; Spouse/Partner; Janssen , Merck , Research Support; Self; Applied Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Fractyl , Medpace, Medpace, Novo Nordisk, Premier , Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Janssen, Merck. L. K. Billings: Advisory Panel; Self; Bayer Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. A. Meller donatsky: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. M. Frederiksen: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. D. C. Klonoff: Consultant; Self; EOFlow, Fractyl Laboratories, Inc., LifeCare, Inc., Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostic USA, Samsung, Thirdwayv, Employee; Self; DIabetes Technology Society. E. Parvaresh rizi: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk. R. M. Bergenstal: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Onduo LLC., Roche , Sanofi, United Healthcare , Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Ascensia , Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Hygieia, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Onduo LLC., Roche, Sanofi, United Healthcare, Other Relationship; Self; HealthPartners Institute, Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Helmsley Charitable Trust, Hygieia, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, NIDDK, Novo Nordisk, Onduo LLC., Roche, Sanofi, United Healthcare. Funding Novo Nordisk

A recomendação de isolamento social provocada pela pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou um contexto sem precedentes para as gerações contemporâneas. Em decorrência da alta transmissibilidade do vírus, foi estabelecida uma restrição às atividades sociais, comerciais e industriais como medida preventiva para frear o contágio da doença. Tais medidas causaram implicações em parâmetros ambientais, como na demanda de energia e na emissão de gases estufa na atmosfera. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o contexto atípico de suspensão de atividades exerceu influência nas condições meteorológicas das capitais mais afetadas do Brasil no ano de 2020 em comparação a anos em que não houve isolamento social, dos quais foram selecionadas séries temporais de Temperatura e humidade referentes a um período de 30 anos (1990–2020). Os dados foram submetidos a análises de Correlação Linear entre as variáveis e taxas de Isolamento Social, assim como a uma Análise de Cluster Hierárquica para identificar se o ano de 2020 apresentou comportamento atípico em relação aos demais anos analisados. Os resultados demonstraram que o impacto causado pelo isolamento social e pela suspensão das atividades sociais, comerciais e industriais não influenciou o comportamento climático do ano de 2020, em comparação ao recorte temporal de 30 anos.

Based on DFT, MP2, and hybrid GGA: MPW1k calculations for an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nine Kirby’s N-alkylmaleamic acids, a number of atenolol prodrugs were designed. A linear correlation of the calculated and experimental rate values for the nine Kirby’s N-alkylmaleamic acids has established credible basis for designing atenolol prodrugs that are bitterless, are stable in neutral aqueous solutions, and have the potential to release the parent drug in a sustained release manner. For example, based on the calculated B3LYP/6-31 G (d,p) rates, the predicted t1/2 values for atenolol prodrugs ProD 1-ProD 2 at pH 2 were 65.3 hours and 11.8 minutes, respectively. In vitro kinetic study of atenolol prodrug ProD 1 revealed that the t1/2 was largely affected by the pH of the medium. The determined t1/2 values in 1N HCl, buffer pH 2, and buffer pH 5 were 2.53, 3.82, and 133 hours, respectively.

The hydrophobic diphenylalanine peptide crystal is known to be unusually stiff, with an experimental Young's modulus in the range of 19-27 GPa. Here it is shown by means of density functional theory calculations that phenylalanine-leucine, leucine-phenylalanine, alanine-valine, valine-alanine and valine-valine hydrophobic dipeptide crystals are also unusually stiff, with Young's moduli in the range of 19.7-33.3 GPa. To further our understanding of the origin of that unusual stiffness, a linear correlation is established between Young's modulus and the strength and orientation of the hydrogen bond network developed along the crystals, showing that stiffness in these materials is primarily dictated by hydrogen bonding.

We report a shipping container that enables a disruptive logistics for cytogenetic biodosimetry for radiation countermeasures through pre-processing cell culture during transportation. The container showed precise temperature control (

Chemical modification of bacterial cellulose (BC) through carboxymethylation was carried out to prepare a low-cost highly stable lead adsorbent material (CMBC). Aiming to maximize its adsorption capacity, the effect of the carboxymethylation extent conferred to BC on the lead retention ability of the insoluble CMBC products obtained was studied. Results evidenced a strong linear correlation between the lead retention capacity of CMBC samples and their degree of substitution, highlighting a key role on the biobased adsorbents performance of the amount of negatively charged carboxylate groups available for an ion-exchange-governed lead adsorption process. Proper tuning of the carboxymethylation extent conferred to BC thus allowed maximizing its lead adsorption capacity, reaching values (i.e. 127.2 mg g−1) that doubled those previously reported.

Correlation is defined as the strength and sense of association between two random variables. Some of the most widely used correlation coefficients are described, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Kendall's tau coefficient., Se define el concepto de correlación como la fuerza y sentido de asociación entre dos variables aleatorias. Se describen algunos de los coeficientes de correlación más utilizados, como el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el coeficiente tau de Kendall.

Magnesium zinc oxide (MgxZn1-xO) films (x < 0.4) have been grown by ultrasonic spray chemical vapor deposition on soda-lime glass substrates for different growth temperature and different Mg mole fractions (x). Effects of Mg content in the liquid solution and the effect of growth temperature on optical and structural properties of MgZnO films have been investigated with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, and UV-visible spectrophotometry measurements. The growth temperature has a significant effect on determining the Mg mole fractions of MgZnO films. There is a linear correlation between the measured Mg mole fraction in the resulted grown structures and Mg content in the solution. The peak of (0002) diffraction for the grown samples has been shifted to the higher diffraction angles with increase in Mg content in the liquid solution and has also become stronger. The growth temperature and Mg content in a liquid solution are crucial parameters in the controlling Mg mole fraction of samples.

International audience; The evolution towards Smart Grids (SGs) represents an important opportunity for the energy industry. It is characterized by the integration of renewable and alternative energy resources into the existing power grids while ensuring a finegrained control for the different measuring points. Therefore, this evolution requires the ability to send a maximum of data over the network in real time while controlling the grid. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployed across the grid is a potent solution to achieve this task. However, sensor nodes have limited energy and computation resources especially the battery powered ones. For that, reducing transmission is an essential priority in order to increase the lifetime of the network. Data prediction is a widely used, yet effective, solution in literature to accomplish this task. In this paper, we propose a Quality of Service (QoS) aware algorithm based on time series prediction and linear regression for data prediction in WSN. We test our approach in a SG context on real data traces of photo-voltaic cells. Our algorithm takes into consideration the diversity of applications of SGs with different requirements while being energy efficient. Our results show that our proposal provides satisfactory results compared to literature solutions in terms of data reduction percentage, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and energy consumption.

EnglishThe adverse impacts in the Santa Cruz do Apodi Watershed Basin (BHASCA) prevent multiple uses of water in certain areas, making it necessary to understand the quality of this resource through a specific assessment of its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the main components that influence the water quality of the watershed of the Santa Cruz do Apodi-RN reservoir, from 2008 to 2016, considering the seasonal variability. The methodology consisted of conducting, by means of a survey of secondary data, derived from the reports of the Agua Azul Program, an analysis of the water quality parameters at BHASCA, through the application of statistical techniques of Pearson's linear correlation matrix and Principal Components Analysis (ACP). The linear correlation made it possible to identify the dependence between physical-chemical and biological parameters. ACP synthesized the information contained in the set of variables. In this perspective, BHASCA's susceptibility to eutrophication processes was observed, which may be compromising and/or limiting the multiple uses of water in the referred basin, affecting the maintenance of biodiversity. portuguesOs impactos adversos na Bacia Hidrografica do Acude Santa Cruz do Apodi (BHASCA) inviabilizam os usos multiplos das aguas em determinadas areas, fazendo-se necessario compreender a qualidade desse recurso por meio de uma avaliacao pontual de suas caracteristicas fisicas, quimicas e biologicas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os principais componentes que influenciam na qualidade das aguas da bacia hidrografica do acude Santa Cruz do Apodi-RN, no periodo de 2008 a 2016, considerando a variabilidade sazonal. A metodologia consistiu em realizar mediante levantamento de dados secundarios, oriundos dos relatorios do Programa Agua Azul, uma analise dos parâmetros da qualidade da agua na BHASCA, por meio da aplicacao de tecnicas estatisticas de matriz de correlacao linear de Pearson e Analise de Componentes Principais (ACP). A correlacao linear possibilitou identificar a dependencia entre parâmetros fisico-quimicos e biologicos. A ACP sintetizou a informacao contida no conjunto das variaveis. Nessa perspectiva, observou-se uma susceptibilidade da BHASCA a processos de eutrofizacao, os quais podem estar comprometendo e/ou limitando os usos multiplos das aguas na referida bacia, afetando a manutencao da biodiversidade.