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Purpose: This study aims to identify the heterogeneity in the stigma experienced by patients with breast cancer and examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between stigma and sleep quality., Method: A total of 396 patients with breast cancer were enrolled from Be Resilient to Breast Cancer (BRBC) program between January and April 2023. Participants completed the Social Impact Scale, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and mediation analysis were conducted to analyze the data., Results: LPA categorized stigma into three subgroups, namely low-stigma (21.9%), moderate-stigma (64.9%), and high-stigma (13.2%). Mediation analysis revealed a fully mediated effect in the comparison between low-stigma and moderate-stigma groups (standard error [SE] = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.06,0.56), whereas a partially mediated effect was observed in the comparison between low-stigma and high-stigma groups (SE = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.39,1.10)., Conclusions: Stigma is a significant factor to sleep quality in breast cancer and resilience could act as a robust buffer against stigma resulting in improved sleep quality. Resilience-based interventions might be helpful in this population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In recent years, photon-counting computed tomography (PCD-CT) based on photon-counting detectors (PCDs) has become increasingly utilized in clinical practice. Compared with conventional CT, PCD-CT has the potential to achieve micron-level spatial resolution, lower radiation dose, negligible electronic noise, multi-energy imaging, and material identification, etc. This advancement facilitates the promotion of ultra-low dose scans in clinical scenarios, potentially detecting minimal and hidden lesions, thus significantly improving image quality. However, the current state of the art is limited and issues such as charge sharing, pulse pileup, K-escape and count rate drift remain unresolved. These issues could lead to a decrease in image resolution and energy resolution, while an increasing in image noise and ring artifact and so on. This article systematically reviewed the physical principles of PCD-CT, and outlined the structural differences between PCDs and energy integration detectors (EIDs), and the current challenges in the development of PCD-CT. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of three detector materials were analysed. Then, the clinical benefits of PCD-CT were presented through the clinical application of PCD-CT in the three diseases with the highest mortality rate in China (cardiovascular disease, tumour and respiratory disease). The overall aim of the article is to comprehensively assist medical professionals in understanding the technological innovations and current technical limitations of PCD-CT, while highlighting the urgent problems that PCD-CT needs to address in the coming years.

Memristor with digital and analog bipolar bimodal resistive switching offers a promising opportunity for the information-processing component. However, it still remains a huge challenge that the memristor enables bimodal digital and analog types and fabrication of artificial sensory neural network system. Here, a proposed CsPbBr 3 -based memristor demonstrates a high ON/OFF ratio (>10 3 ), long retention (>10 4 s), stable endurance (100 cycles), and multilevel resistance memory, which acts as an artificial synapse to realize fundamental biological synaptic functions and neuromorphic computing based on controllable resistance modulation. Moreover, a 5 × 5 spinosum-structured piezoresistive sensor array (sensitivity of 22.4 kPa -1 , durability of 1.5 × 10 4 cycles, and fast response time of 2.43 ms) is constructed as a tactile sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, which can be further processed by the CsPbBr 3 -based memristor with synaptic plasticity. More importantly, this artificial sensory neural network system combined the artificial synapse with 5 × 5 tactile sensing array based on piezoresistive sensors can recognize the handwritten patterns of different letters with high accuracy of 94.44% under assistance of supervised learning. Consequently, the digital-analog bimodal memristor would demonstrate potential application in human-machine interaction, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Levomilnacipran, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to have anti-depressive effects. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant mechanisms of levomilnacipran to discover new perspectives on the treatment of depression in male rats. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce depressive behaviors in rats. Activation of microglia and apoptosis of neurons verified by immunofluorescence. Inflammatory related proteins and neurotrophic related proteins were verified by immunoblotting. The mRNA expression of apoptosis markers was verified by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the ultrastructural pathology of neuron. Here, we found that the anti-depression and anti-anxiety effects of levomilnacipran in the LPS-induced rat model of depression was resulted from the suppression of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis within prefrontal cortex of rats. Furthermore, we found that levomilnacipran could decrease the number of microglia and suppress its activation in prefrontal cortex of rats. This effect may be mediated by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB and Ras/p38 signaling pathways. In addition, levomilnacipran plays a neuroprotective role by increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors. Taken together, these results suggest that levomilnacipran exerts antidepressant effects by attenuating neuroinflammation to inhibit the damage in central nervous system and plays a neuroprotective role to improve depressive behaviors. These findings suggest that suppression of neuroinflammation in prefrontal cortex could ameliorate depressive behavioral disorder of rats induced by LPS, which provided a new perspective for the treatment of depression., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the widespread usage of lead (Pb)-containing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is critical to monitor Pb pollution from PSCs in the environment. Among different analytical techniques, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has demonstrated good performance in the fast quantification of many elements in solid samples, without using toxic and expensive chemical reagents. Therefore, LIBS offers significant potential for detecting and quantifying Pb in the environment. In this study, a Pb migration model in the PSCs-soil-Houttuynia plants system was assessed based on the LIBS data. The Pb transfer rates and the Pb uptake coefficients were calculated to evaluate Pb migration from PSCs to plants. The results showed that the R 2 of quantitative results were all greater than 0.98, with the root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) being less than 1.53 wt.%. Furthermore, above 49% Pb from PSCs was swiftly diffused into soil under watering conditions, while Houttuynia plants absorbed over 10% Pb from polluted soil. This study revealed that Pb leakage from PSCs should not be underestimated and that LIBS is a viable and fast analytical method for monitoring Pb in the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Nanozyme was considered as one of the most promising substitutes for antibiotics, due to the selective catalysis for pathogens. In this work, a high-antibacterial activity SOD-like nanozyme based on hybrid Ag/CeO 2 nanocomposite was facilely prepared by using an innovative approach of selective laser welding in liquid. This prepared nanozyme displayed a high antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus under visible light illumination, the sterilization rate as high as 82.4%, which was 2.93 and 2.99 times higher than those of pure Ag and pure CeO 2 , respectively. The enhanced antibacterial activity was attributed to the anchoring of Ag nanospheres on the surface of CeO 2 nanosheets, which induced the reduction of CeO 2 bandgap and boosted the visible light harvesting. Therefore, the charge carriers can be effectively stimulated to produce abundant reactive oxygen species on the Ag/CeO 2 nanocomposite via a SOD-like route. This work demonstrated a facile strategy for the preparation of high-antibacterial activity nanozyme, giving it great potential for scalable application in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)

To explore the influence of separation from parents in childhood on suicide and self-injury behavior and psychological adjustment in adolescence. A total of 880 subjects were selected, including 197 students who were separated from their parents in childhood and 683 students who were not separated from their parents in childhood. The scores of psychological resilience, self-compassion, forgiveness and suicide and self-injury were investigated and analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was made on the relationship between suicide and self-injury behavior and psychological adjustment in adolescence. The scores of psychological resilience, self-compassion, forgiveness and suicide and self-injury were statistically significant between children who were separated from their parents and those who were not separated. The students who were not separated had better psychological adjustment abilities and a lower rate of suicide and self-injury (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between separation from parents in childhood and suicide and self-injury behavior and psychological adjustment in adolescence (P<0.05). The separation from parents in childhood is closely related to psychological resilience, forgiveness, self-compassion, and suicide-related psychological behavior and self-injury behavior in adolescence. Suicide and self-injury behavior can be reduced by reducing separation from parents in childhood and improving self-psychological adjustment ability in adolescence. During the past years, genetics, heritability, and genes' contribution to depression disorders have been well established. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M) and Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) genes are very effective in behavioral and mood disorders. The results of this study showed the expression of these genes in different organs, especially in connection with the cerebrospinal system, so investigating the mechanism of their effect is very effective and promising, and it is hoped that they will be used in other research.

Additive passivation can be an effective strategy to regulate and control the properties of organic-inorganic halide perovskite film. In this article, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), fabricated by non-focused laser irradiation of carbon nanomaterial diluted in anti-solvent ethyl acetate, denoted as EACQDs, were adopted for perovskite film defect passivation and modification of carbon-based CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The size of EACQDs can be tuned by manipulating the laser fluence. The morphology of perovskite film was uncovered through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. After embedding of EACQDs, the defect in perovskite crystal was reduced, resulting in the decreased carrier recombination and accelerated carrier transportation, which were demonstrated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence. As a consequence, with the optimization of 0.01 mg/mL EACQDs (1064 nm-300 mJ·pulse -1 ·cm -2 -10 min), the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of carbon-based PSCs achieved a maximum value of 16.43%, which improved 23.81% when compared with the pristine PSCs of 13.27%. Furthermore, the EACQDs optimized PSCs also exhibited an excellent stability and still retained 86% of its initial PCE after 50-day storage at the room atmosphere with a humidity of 30-50%., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) secretion has been characterized as a vital factor in intercellular communication among cancer cells. However, little is known about cancer-secreted miRNAs specifically involved in metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we found that exosomes derived from metastatic CRC cell line SW620 promoted migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. The profiling of exosome miRNAs revealed that microRNA (miR)-335-5p was highly expressed in exosomes from metastatic SW620 cells compared to those derived from primary SW480 cells. miR-335-5p was transmitted from metastatic SW620 cells to CRC cells via exosomes and promoted migration, invasion, and EMT of CRC cells. Moreover, exosome-transmitted miRNA-335-5p promotes CRC cell invasion and metastasis by facilitating EMT via targeting RAS p21 protein activator 1 ( RASA1 ). Overexpression of RASA1 abolished the promotive effects of exosomal miR-335-5p on CRC cell migration, invasion, and EMT. Collectively, our data revealed that exosomal miR-335-5p derived from metastatic CRC cells promotes CRC cell invasion and metastasis by facilitating EMT via targeting RASA1 , which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC metastasis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapy drugs and is widely used in the treatment of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer, but its therapeutic benefit is limited by the development of resistance. Our previous studies demonstrated that BCAT1 promoted cell proliferation and decreased cisplatin sensitivity in HCC cells. However, the exact role and mechanism of how BCAT1 is involved in cisplatin cytotoxicity remain undefined. In this study, we revealed that cisplatin triggered autophagy in cancer cells, with an increase in BCAT1 expression. The cisplatin-induced up-regulation of BCAT1 decreased the cisplatin sensitivity by regulating autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, branched-chain amino acids or leucine treatment inhibited cisplatin- or BCAT1-mediated autophagy and increased cisplatin sensitivity by activating mTOR signaling in cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine increased cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. Also, the knockdown of BCAT1 or the administration of leucine activated mTOR signaling, inhibited autophagy, and increased cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cells in vivo. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism, revealing that BCAT1 decreases cisplatin sensitivity in cancer cells by inducing mTOR-mediated autophagy via branched-chain amino acid leucine metabolism, providing an attractive pharmacological target to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

It is known that both exercise and aging influence neuromuscular performance; however their effects on post-exercise recovery are largely unknown. To examine how exercise training and aging might affect post-exercise recovery, the function of muscles taken from young, and aged male rats assigned to exercise, or control conditions was assessed with ex vivo procedures using indirect (nerve endings), and direct (sarcolemma) stimulation at different times (Initial, Final min of, and Recovery i.e. 1 min post, from 5 min of stimulation). Results revealed that initially, strength of indirectly stimulated young, male muscles was significantly (P = 0.05) greater than aged ones, but after continuous stimulation, aged and young muscles displayed similar strength, and controls showed more strength than trained muscles (P = 0.02). All groups except young controls exhibited significant recovery with 1 min of rest (P = 0.03). Compared to indirect stimulation, direct stimulation resulted in greater peak tension at each time point examined (P < 0.05); young muscles again were stronger than aged ones initially (P = 0.003), but not by the conclusion of stimulation (P = 0.20). One min following the direct stimulation protocol, no significant recovery was observed by any of the four treatment groups. These data indicate that motor neurons limit neuromuscular function, and that the effects of fatigue are more severe during stimulation of young, compared to aged muscle. Finally, results presented here indicate that age and training status do interact to influence post-exertional recovery, at least among male neuromuscular systems.