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In this paper we focus on significant examples of the dialogue between the uruguayan poet Ida Vitale and the Roman World. We explore her reception of Rome through Latin Language and Roman Literature, Religion, Society, History and Archaeology. These elements are linked to the search of an accurate expression. The lack of studies on Ida Vitale, especially on Classical tradition, and the contextualization in her Poetics justify our contribution itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In texts written in languages that use the Latin alphabet, the spaces left between words serve as visual cues to understand the text. In the written Chinese language, there are no spaces between words. Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in many respects, including its synonymous and multi-meaning symbolic language elements. The absence of a visual clue to indicate word boundaries creates ambiguity in Chinese sentences or may lead to the emergence of different meanings. A large number of Chinese characters, spelling features, and lack of boundaries between words cause various difficulties for foreign students. Turkish students who study Chinese as a foreign language may find its unfamiliar orthographic features, such as a spelling system without spaces between words, difficult to understand as Turkish is written using an alphabet. According to some studies on the early stages of Chinese language learning, artificially-triggered spaces in writing can have a positive effect on the reading process. Yet, this finding that the spaces between Chinese words facilitate reading comprehension is controversial. In this study, an eye movement tracking technique is used to investigate whether orthographically-triggered spelling differences or adding spaces between words affect the reading process of foreign language students. The results are discussed through Chinese grammatical features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small collection of textual evidence, two papyri, three inscriptions, and three literary testimonia, is brought together and examined. All these pieces of evidence possibly mention the same person, a high military official Flavius Mauricius of the fourth century CE. The individual pieces of written evidence are at first considered separately in their context, with the focus put on particularities possibly significant for the current study. In the next step they are all evaluated for the likelihood of being in fact related to one another. As a consequence, they are sorted into groups of 'core' evidence, almost certainly belonging together, and 'peripheral' evidence only possibly related to the rest. Finally, the available evidence is analysed and considered in the context in order to allow at least a partial reconstruction of the background, career, and other bits and pieces of the life of Flavius Mauricius. The best and most certainly documented part of his career is the period of service in the capacity of dux Aegypti, a military commander of the province, which took place no earlier than 368 CE and continued at least until 375 CE and maybe later. Other less certain pieces of evidence possibly allow to also get a glimpse into other stages of Mauricius's life, as he may have taken part in the Persian campaign of emperor Julian and could have been buried in the Macedonian city of Philippi. Quite remarkably, all the contemporary pieces of evidence were written in Latin, either entirely or in combination with Greek. Thus, it is considered separately, what the reasons for the choice of this language were and whether it was a result of Mauricius's personal preference. Overall, like many of his fourth century contemporaries, Flavius Mauricius appears throughout his life to have his identity rooted in the Roman tradition, while concomitantly he was able to embrace some of the ongoing changes in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Latinos is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Literature / Literatura is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The so-called Novgorod period of Russian literature, which lasted between the last two decades of the fifteenth century and the first quarter of the following one, has left us, among other things, a fair repertoire of Latin translations of late antiquity and medieval works. Among them, for example, we find some books of the Old Testament, contained in the Vulgata of Saint Jerome, the medieval version of the Ars minor by Aelius Donatus, fragments of the Doctrinale of Alexander de Villa Dei, an anti-Judaic treatise written by the Franciscan theologian Nicholas of Lyra, and the catena commentary on the Psalter compiled by the Bishop of Würzburg, Bruno. The aim of the present paper is to collect and discuss some disiecta membra of classical and medieval Latin culture contained in these texts and, consequently, made available in their Slavic translation; in many cases we are faced with curious intertextual references that were probably not caught by Slavic translators and their readers. The work is intended to produce a first catalog of learned quotations from medieval Latin culture in the Eastern Slavic world. These can be considered, and were probably indeed perceived as direct quotations, if we look at the Latin originals, but should perhaps be defined as 'stolen words', due to the fact that they were not recognized or were even misunderstood by their translators and/ or by modern interpreters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals both with action nouns as a semantic class of word formation and with nominalization as a derivational process via offering a lot of relevant data in a kind of typological confrontation. Oswald Panagl investigates Latin examples applying criteria such as productivity, regularity, semantic transparency and syntactic behavior. As a result, he denotes derivations in -tiōn as the most vivid and active type of action noun delivering almost countless tokens. As a special case he treats the nominalizations in -tu becoming productive when they establish the grammatical category of supine in -tum. This procedure of a switch from derivation to inflection represents a sort of grammaticalization. He offers a scale model of increasing concretization (action–result–instrument–location–agents) exemplified with items from a variety of languages. Fritz Schweiger's research presents a series of data from the Australian languages (Alyawarra, Bunuba, Diyari, Djapu, Gumbaynggir, Guugu Yimidhirr, Kalkatungu, Uradhi, Wambaya, and Wardaman). The author defines and analyzes the morpholo gical principles of word formation in his linguistic material and classifies the data arte legis. Because of the specific situation and the complex interrelations within this linguistic group of tongues investigated in this paper, it seems nearly impossible to develop and apply criteria of the common sort for uncovering genealogical kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Linguistica Lithuanica is the property of Institute of the Lithuanian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Thélème is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper is an analysis of the data concerning the regions of Central and Eastern Europe, where salt is extracted from the mountains (Poland, Hungary, Transylvania), offered by the theologian scholar Emanuel Swedenborg in some passages of his scientific work, written in Latin, De sale communi. A considerable number of these passages, which are of great interest for the history of technology and sciences, relate to issues that have been forgotten but which need to be revalued from the point of view of current developments in those fields. The aim of the study is to reveal the scientific principles that guided an 18th century scholar when dealing with such a topic. We are also interested in finding out the extent to which Swedenborg succeeds in systematizing the various theoretical and practical information, useful for understanding the nature of salt exploitation at that time, considering older works and the latest bibliography at his disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers the first survey of evidence for the translation of Middle English literature beyond the English-speaking world in the medieval period. It identifies and discusses translations in five vernaculars: Welsh, Irish, Old Norse-Icelandic, Dutch, and Portuguese. The paper examines the contexts in which such translation took place and considers the role played by colonial, dynastic, trading, and ecclesiastical networks in the transmission of these works. It argues that English is in the curious position of being a vernacular with a reasonable international reach in translation, but often with relatively low literary and cultural prestige. It is evident that most texts translated from English in this period are works which themselves are based on sources in other languages, and it seems probable that English-language texts are often convenient intermediaries for courtly or devotional works more usually transmitted in French or Latin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental enamel is a structure considered in Anatomical, Histological and Embryological Terminology. The included terms related to it have three associated roots: enamel, amelo and adamantino. The objective of this article is to analyze the etymology of these roots and present proposals in Latin and Spanish that unify the denominations related to tooth enamel. In the search, medical, terminological and etymological dictionaries were used. The results obtained indicate three different origins for each root: adamantine is a Greco-Roman term related to the extreme hardness of a structure; enamel has an Anglo-Norman and ancient high Germanic origin related to the action of melting, melting, and the aesthetic appearance that this produces in a material; and amelo, which in itself is related to botany while the full term ameloblast, was coined by an American academic. Although the etymology of adamantine and enamel indicate characteristics of firmness and aesthetics, respectively, in the development of the proposal it was decided to maintain the Latinized term enamelum and its adjective enameleus, eliminating the other two roots related to dental enamel. The proposal was made for changes in the terms of the Latin language and its translation into Spanish, according to the requirements of the FIPAT for Anatomical, Histological and Embryological Terminology, in order to unify the denomination of the associated terms and derivatives of dental enamel , for academic and research purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical-scientific vocabulary, one of them the Anatomical Terminology, has a linguistic legacy of classical languages in general and of Latin and Greek in particular. In this context, the metaphor has played an important role in the naming of certain structures of the human body. The analysis of these metaphors has allowed us to know the etymological origin of numerous anatomical terms derived from this frequent practice throughout history. The purpose of this study was to analyze and reflect on the use of the term thalamus and to comment on the formal similarity of this metaphor with the neuroanatomical characteristics. The name thalamus was assigned by Claudio Galeno (130-200 BC); It comes from a common language of material order, which has been mentioned by classical authors, mainly, as "internal chamber or bridal chamber" and brought to a technicalscientific language through a metaphor motivated by a spatial arrangement or understood as a image expression or formal similarity. If Galen used this metaphor considering a formal similarity, the term thalamus would be misleading, since there is no structural correspondence to the term because the neuroanatomical thalamus is not a chamber, but a compact, spheroidal or oval diencephalic structure. In this context, the term thalamus is confusing, since this metaphor is more consistent with the third ventricle. Considering the above, we invite you to reflect on a proposal based on a morphological characteristic of the structure, in which the term thalamus is replaced by neuroovoid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABEI Journal: The Brazilian Journal of Irish Studies is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Estudos Irlandeses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medieval Icelanders defined their ideas about language, the composition of literature, grammar, and the relationship between Icelandic and Latin in a series of vernacular treatises. One such treatise, the fourteenth-century Fourth Grammatical Treatise, describes the forms and mechanics of writing skaldic poetry. In addition to rhetorical and grammatical information, it provides insight into to the Christian Latin material that was known or available to medieval Icelandic authors. Some of these texts, often neglected by scholars of literature, reflect ideas found in Gregory's Moralia in Iob, including his explanation of the four stages that sinners pass through as they move from temptation to mortal sin. It also reflects traditional exegesis of the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan, in which Jesus is said to purify the water. These elucidations provide insight into the freedom, or lack thereof, that Icelandic authors had to translate and adapt Christian Latin terminology and concepts into vernacular texts and tightly structured skaldic verse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the development of the aspect systems in the Indo- European languages Vedic and Latin. Even though aspectual distinctions are central in the verbal systems of both of these languages at the beginning of their attested traditions, they undergo quite different developments in the course of their history. The Vedic verbal system instantiates a classic case of the development from aspect to tense, whereas Latin maintains an aspectbased verbal system, which survives in the Romance languages. The paper explores the semantic properties of the Vedic and Latin past tenses in some detail from two distinct perspectives: a neo-Reichenbachian model, where aspect is regarded as a type of relation between reference time and event time (cf. e.g., Dahl 2010, 2015), and a model where aspect involves different types of partitive operators (cf. Altshuler 2013, 2014). Although these two approaches may first appear to be in conflict, the paper attempts to show that they represent complementary perspectives highlighting different dimensions of aspectual meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes, edits, and translates a previously unknown Neo-Latin poem by Agatha Wiseman (d. 1647), a member of an English Benedictine convent in Brussels and a kinswoman of the celebrated mystic Benet of Canfield (né William Fitch). After Canfield's death in 1610, Wiseman composed a prosa in his honor, which was published alongside his biography in a 1621 volume that included both her original Neo-Latin text and a French translation of the poem. When Robert Rookwood translated this publication into English in 1623, he rendered Wiseman's prosa anonymous by eliminating any mention of her authorship. The aims of this article and edition are threefold: first, to recover Wiseman as the author of both an important Neo-Latin poem and an extensive body of letters, translations, and transcriptions in Latin and French; second, to consider how her prosa advances her political aim of establishing Canfield as a candidate for canonization; and third, to explore the different receptions that Wiseman's poem found on the Continent and within England. Participating in recent efforts to extend the literary canon by drawing attention to the works of English nuns, this essay suggests that the future of early modern literary studies may lie on the Continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late medieval Sweden was a multilingual society. At least three languages – namely Old Swedish, Low German, and Latin – were in use, beside other regional languages. While the influence of Low German is easily detectable in all parts of the Swedish language system and has been investigated rather thoroughly from a historical sociolinguistic point of view (cf. Braunmüller 2004), the role of Latin has been rather marginalized in traditional Swedish language historiography, focusing on the earlier stages of Old Swedish, which are described as its classical form (cf. Pettersson 2005). Starting out as the language of religion, administration, diplomacy and, to some extent, trade, Latin was the dominant language of text production in Sweden until the 14th century, which saw Written Old Swedish gain some domains as well, resulting in a more balanced diglossic relation between the two languages. The emerging written variety of Swedish, however, was heavily influenced by the multilingual practices of scribes, in large part clerics who were used to using at least Swedish and Latin on a daily basis for a variety of communicative purposes (Höder 2010). These multilingual practices, ranging from ad hoc translations via code-switching to the application of Latin stylistic, textual, and syntactic norms in Swedish text production (Höder 2018), had a lasting impact on the later development of a Swedish proto-standard, and are still reflected in conservative text types today. This contribution approaches this development from a historical sociolinguistic and contact linguistic perspective, concentrating on the establishment of multilingual practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A selection of mediaeval Romance lyrics complementing the two previous studies published in this issue of Terminus. It presents the first Polish translations of a number of works classified as traditional and courtly albas. The translations were made from five mediaeval Romance languages and Latin. The works whose authors are known are provided with a biographical note. Additionally, a historical and literary perspective for the presented collection is outlined. It also discusses some terms of fin'amor poetry that are difficult in translation. A comprehensive introduction gives information on the intentions of the authors of this collection, the translation technique developed here, and the specifics of translating Romance lyric into Polish. The three troubadour albas (Rimbaut de Vaqueiras, Cadenet, Uc de Bacalaria) examined here illustrate the translation strategies developed by Magdalena Pabisiak, presenting different variants of the translated text and criteria for making particular choices in the translation. Difficulties related to recreating the metric system of Romance lyric in a language with different prosody, syntactic structures, length of words, and vowel frequency are discussed, showing, inter alia, how difficult it is to obtain in Polish the same repeatability of rhymes so characteristic for this type of lyric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the 'grades' of comparison is a familiar term, it is argued in this paper that a more thorough-going appreciation of a metaphor which originally had to do with steps allows us better to understand the development of the terminology of the grades of comparison as it moved from the Latin grammarians, especially Donatus and the commentators on his original work, into the medieval vernacular Irish and Welsh grammars. The architectural basis of the terminology, then, once identified, may help to clarify the use of such terms as Old Irish etargaire and how in Welsh grwndwal (lit.) 'ground-wall' came to be used of the positive form of the adjective. Abbreviations: CIL: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum; eDIL: The Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (www.dil.ie); PL: Patrologia Latina [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the work titled "‘La housse partie' nelle tre versioni A, r, s" by Laura Bonanno, published in a 2023 issue of the periodical "Carte Romanze. "

This article examines a riddle found in Bibliothèque Royale 1828-1830, a manuscript from Brussels, Belgium. It provides a possible translation of the riddle which is written in Latin. It mentions the lack of studies done regarding such riddles and presents information on the literary style of author Andrew Galloway.

The article discusses the effects of the use of unicodes in the MARC 21 records. Specifically, it tries to highlight the accommodation of the greatly expanded character repertoire that includes not only additional non-Roman scripts but many more Latin script characters. MARC 21 is flexible with respect to the structure of records containing multi-script data to accommodate different needs worldwide. MARC 21 has specified two record models designated as A and B. Model A is a record in the preferred script which can be augmented with specially designated fields holding other scripts and Model B is a record which can have data in any script in regular fields. Model A is largely used for the MARC 21 bibliographic records with Latin as the preferred script. Model B can be seen by libraries with devices capable of displaying Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. It is necessary for a Model A record encoded in Unicode with Latin to be the preferred script that the definition of the Latin script data content of regular fields should be controlled by the Script Names property of Unicode. Creating consistent records for MARC 21 interchange necessities the data content in Model A records with Latin as the preferred script should be controlled.

Presents literary criticism which offers a look at the use of the Latin word inquit in several novels. "This Rock" by Robert Morgan; "Cold Mountain" by Charles Frazier; "Deadeye Dick" by Kurt Vonnegut.

On 25 July 1597, a Polish ambassador, Paul Dzialynski, chastised Queen Elizabeth I publicly for interfering with his country's shipping trade with Spain. The furious Queen replied at once in extemporaneous Latin, a stunning rhetorical feat which delighted her countrymen and renewed the popularity of the aging queen. With great rhetorical skill, Elizabeth used a characteristic arrangement, the balancing of antitheses, together with sentence variety, irony, wordplay, and even some Latin rhyme. This brilliant epideictic oration, though short, demonstrates her acute historical and political memory, her definitions of "the law of nature" and "books of princes," and her perception of her royal power, and it demonstrates that at age sixty-three the queen's intellectual faculties were far from impaired. As a tour de force, this Latin oration can be ranked with Elizabeth's better-known English oration at Tilbury Camp in 1588. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines a passage in Scene 8 of the play "The Book of Sir Thomas More," focusing on some Latin lines and their source. It mentions Latin quotation, originally mistranslated by editors, was found to come from the fifth Eclogue of the neo-Latin poet Mantuan, and the article suggests that the passage is more likely the work of William Shakespeare than other associated playwrights like Anthony Munday or Thomas Dekker.

The article focuses on the interpretation of the scribal formula "quod þ personal name" commonly found in colophons of late medieval English manuscripts. The author challenges the prevailing notion that "quod" should be read as the Middle English equivalent of "quoth" and argues for an alternative Latin reading of "quod" within the formula. The article highlights the importance of considering Latin influences and potential for interpretations in the context of late medieval vernacular texts.

Copyright of Revista de Lengua y Literatura Catalana, Gallega y Vasca is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aulus Gellius’ The Attic Nights are an extremely valuable source of knowledge about antiquity, as it contains information regarding many aspects of everyday life in the ancient Greco-Roman world. Gellius’ work also contains very valuable and comprehensive research material due to the anecdotes, interesting and unusual stories and tales it contains. The main goal of this publication is the discussion and presentation of selected chapters in which Gellius describes stories about animals. The starting point for research into the animals that appear in Gellius’ work is their fantastic nature. This paper, in the context of mirabilia Animalia, contains analyses of the chapter on Alexander the Great’s horse (5.2), the description of the Seian Horse (3.9), and the tale of the snake of unusual length (7. 3).

The paper focuses on the problem of identification of Caer Urfe, one of the Twenty-Eight Cities of Britain listed by John Leland (d. 1552) from Henry of Huntingdon (d. 1155) after the ninth-century Historia Brittonum. Many of the twenty-eight have defied identification; but Leland’s proposal of Tynemouth for Caer Urfe is now maintained by archaeologists on Tyneside, in the north of England. The author argues that Caer Urfe is to be associated with St Cynfarch, near Chepstow, in south-east Wales. It is one of ten Welsh religious communities named in the catalogue together with cathedral cities and ancient British hillforts, none of them on Tyneside. The paper also examines the case of Arbeia, recorded by Notitia Dignitatum as the name of the Roman fort at South Shields, Tyneside. The author shows that Arbeia has no link with Caer Urfe, nor does it mean ‘Arabs,’ supposedly relating to the garrisoning there after 300 CE of troops from Iraq. Many Roman forts in Britain were called after streams close to them; Arbeia is hence best understood on the basis of Welsh erfin ‘turnips,’ also the name of a stream near Aberystwyth, as ‘ stream noted for wild turnips’. The article is supplemented with an appendix containing a list of the twenty-eight cities from Leland’s catalogue, with toponyms rectified after the twelfth-century Book of Llandaff and other Welsh documents.

In this paper, we aim at examining a specific kind of comparison and contrast between Greek and Latin languages, carried out by Priscian in the Book XVII of his Institutiones grammaticae (6th century AD). We consider both the sociocultural context in which this treatise was composed to justify a presumed bilingualism, and the way syntactical strutures are compared and contrasted between Greek and Latin language. As an example we take the treatment given to the articles by Priscian.

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the ancient materials used in teaching Latin in order to recreate the ancient Latin teaching and learning experience. Particular attention is devoted to the case of Greek speakers learning Latin. To reconstruct this picture, the evidence of the papyri from Egypt plays a fundamental role. Papyri attest to the various phases of Latin instruction for Greek speakers, ranging from an elementary to an advanced level, and they also shed light on the typologies of texts that were used. Among the Latin learning materials, this article focuses on papyrus texts intended for aspiring lawyers and law students as a striking example of the practical advantages of the acquisition of Latin in Roman Egypt. Using this material, we can draw some significant parallels between ancient and present teaching of Latin in the context of legal studies with special emphasis on the case as it is in South Africa at present.

As the absolute other of Greek thought and speech, Chinese renders Greek strange; in seeking equivalency, Jullien's discussion on time demonstrates a creative betrayal of the original and an equally creative appropriation by the target language in the process of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]