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Additional file 3 Methods S1 Extraction of rice leaf protein

Additional file 1 : Table S1. (a). Quality report on the nine RNA samples for RNA sequencing. (b). The overall assessment of sequencing data.

Additional file 2 Table S1 Sequence of OsSHMT gene promoter from Dular. Table S2 Proteins interacted with OsSHMT in the OsSHMT transgenic A. thaliana using GFP-Trap Co-IP. Table S3 Primers used in this study

Additional file 1. Additional figures.

Due to excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties, such as excellent thermal, electrical, scalable, low cost, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity, nanocellulose and nanohydrogel are considered to be promising classes of polymers for a wide variety of engineering applications. These materials are widely used in energy storage, medical implants, biosensing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, environmental modification and monitoring, wound healing, and so on. In this chapter, we summarize recent literature on the design and preparation of novel nanocellulose and nanohydrogel-based materials, which are used for energy, environmental, and biomedical applications, including the challenges that still need to be addressed.

Genomic alterations are commonly found in the signaling pathways of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). Although there is no selective FGFR inhibitors in market, several promising inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials, and showed encouraging efficacies in patients. By designing a hybrid between the FGFR-selectivity-enhancing motif dimethoxybenzene group and our previously identified novel scaffold, we discovered a new series of potent FGFR inhibitors, with the best one showing sub-nanomolar enzymatic activity. After several round of optimization and with the solved crystal structure, detailed structure—activity relationship was elaborated. Together with in vitro metabolic stability tests and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling, a representative compound (35) was selected and tested in xenograft mouse model, and the result demonstrated that inhibitor 35 was effective against tumors with FGFR genetic alterations, exhibiting potential for further development., Graphical abstract With the guidance of the crystal structure, we discovered a series of selective FGFR inhibitors bearing 5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine scaffold. After considerable efforts to improve the metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties, finally, we obtained a potent and active compound 35 showing in vivo efficacy in xenograft mouse model.fx1

In this paper, non-rare-earth boron carbon oxynitride (BCNO) long afterglow phosphors were prepared by a rapid self-propagating combustion method. The precursor was obtained using boric acid, melamine and glycine as raw materials and then the BCNO phosphors with optimum luminescence properties were successfully synthesized after calcination of the precursor at 625 °C for 2 h in air atmosphere. The product and its luminescence properties were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), excitation and emission spectra by fluorescence spectrometer. With the contents of increasing glycine, the luminescence emission peaks of as-prepared BCNO phosphors appear distinctly redshift, which is closely induced by the presence of different types of defects including the paramagnetic centre of nitrogen vacancies (VN), carbon and oxygen related impurity. In addition, the blue-purple emitting phosphors still remain long-lasting luminescence after stopping irradiation by UV light for 10 min. The developed BCNO phosphors have great practical applications in display, illumination, solar cell and biomedical fields.

A series of organic-inorganic hybrid materials BN-T1Ex (T = Tb(BA)3, E = Eu(BA)3) have been synthesized through controllable encapsulation of Tb and Eu complexes into a porous BN host. Under ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, the as-prepared BN-T1Ex samples show characteristic emission peaks of both Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes have been measured and discussed in detail. The results reveal that in the BN host, efficient energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ions has occurred. By adjusting the ratios of Tb and Eu complexes, the hybrids realize tunable multicolor from green to red. In addition, the emission color of the hybrids can be further changed by adjusting the excitation wavelength and/or introducing of ancillary ligand phen (1,10-phenanthroline) into the samples. The obtained color-tunable organic-inorganic hybrid materials may have potential application in display devices and the UV white-light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs).

Price elasticity and income elasticity can quantitatively measure the impact of price volatility and income diversity on household electricity demand. To analyze household electricity demand and better identify the main factors affecting residential electricity demand elasticity in previous literature, a meta-analysis based on a comprehensive and systematic summary of 103 articles is presented in this study. The influencing factors are identified, with a weighed least squares (WLS) linear regression model to evaluate their strength. The price elasticities and income elasticities are discussed from three dimensions, namely short-term, long-term and unmarked. The results show that residential electricity demand is almost price-inelastic and income-inelastic in the short-term. But in the long-term, some residential electricity demand is price-elastic and income-elastic. The results also reveal that residential electricity demand elasticity is affected by many factors, such as time interval and sample period. These conclusions can support the formulation of more effective electricity price and energy policy.

Boron carbon oxynitride quantum dots (BCNO QDs) with blue emission were prepared via the template of SBA–15 (a typical mesoporous silica). A modulated photoluminescence sensor was developed based on the different quenching effects of Cu2+ or Hg2+ ions on the luminescence intensity of BCNO QDs. The Cu2+ or Hg2+ ions have an interaction with BCNO QDs due to the electrons transfer between the BCNO and Cu2+ or Hg2+ ions, and the detection limit of Cu2+ or Hg2+ ion concentration can be as less as 10 nM. The BCNO–Cr6+ mixture can be served as a turn–on fluorescent sensor for detecting the ascorbic acid based on the inner filter effect since overlapping of excitation and emission spectra between Cr6+ ions and BCNO QDs. Moreover, the BCNO QDs can also be applied to fingerprint identification and organic fluorescent films under ultraviolet excitation.

In this study, a PtPdCu catalyst for formic acid oxidation was synthesized through a one-pot synthesis method. The PtPdCu nanoparticles with truncated-octahedral morphology were obtained by reducing Pt(acac)2, Pd(acac)2 and Cu(acac)2 in ethylene glycol solution under the effects of PVP and KBr. To determine the electrocatalytic performance of the PtPdCu nanoparticles with truncated-octahedral morphology, cyclic voltammetry was carried out in solutions of 0.5 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M H2SO4 containing 1 M HCOOH. According to the electrochemical results, the PtPdCu nanoparaticles possessed higher activity and stability toward the oxidation of formic acid than commercial Pt black due to the addition of Cu and Pd elements.

Boron carbon oxynitride (BCNO) phosphors with red emission were synthesized with solid phase method, and Ag nanoparticles were successfully used to improve the luminescence properties and quantum yields of BCNO phosphors. The spherical Ag nanoparticles with 10–30 nm were distributed evenly on the surface of BCNO phosphors with hexagonal structure. The silver (Ag) nanoparticles did not change the types of chemical bonding status of BCNO while affecting the intensity of some chemical bonds. The Ag nanoparticles can increase the excitation and emission intensity of BCNO phosphors, and the quantum yields of red emission can be improved about 8.4 times. The luminescence enhancement of BCNO phosphors was owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles and electron transition process between Ag and BCNO phosphors. The effects of Ag nanoparticles on band structure and electron transition process for BCNO phosphors were clarified via theoretical calculation and experimental results.

In order to promote reasonable resource utilization and improve social equity, all cities with gas supply in China has implemented increasing block pricing (IBP) policy for residential natural gas from Jan. 2016. This paper examines the IBP structure of residential natural gas from the perspective of demand analysis. Based on Expenditure-Income Ratio (EIR) method and Extended Linear Expenditure System (ELES), a new EIR-ELES model is proposed to estimate natural gas price affordability of different kinds of residential users by considering the effect of electricity substitute on household natural gas consumption. Taking Beijing as an example, an empirical research is carried out in this paper. The results show that average price elasticity of residential natural gas demand is −0.4621 in 2016, inelastic; residential natural gas average price affordability is between 4.17 and 7.48 CNY/m3 in 2016, which is much higher than the prices in three blocks, but basic volume of demand for residential users with different income levels are much lower than the volume in the first block. Based on these results, future directions and actions for the design and improvement of residential natural gas IBP system are suggested.

In recent years, the smart grid has attracted wide attention from around the world. Large scale data are collected by sensors and measurement devices in a smart grid. Smart meters can record fine-grained information about electricity consumption in near real-time, thus forming the smart meter big data. Smart meter big data has provided new opportunities for electric load forecasting, anomaly detection, and demand side management. However, the high-dimensional and massive smart meter big data not only creates great pressure on data transmission lines, but also incur enormous storage costs on data centres. Therefore, to reduce the transmission pressure and storage overhead, improve data mining efficiency, and thus fulfil the potential of smart meter big data. This study presents a comprehensive study on the compression techniques for smart meter big data. The development of smart grids and the characteristics and application challenges of electric power big data are first introduced, followed by analysis of the characteristics and benefits of smart meter big data. Finally, this study focuses on the potential data compression methods for smart meter big data, and discusses the evaluation methods for smart meter big data compression.

The versatility of perovskite crystal structure has become the great advantage of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) during their functional applications. Here we report an effective solvothermal method for the controllable synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) and their transformation to Cs4PbBr6 NCs. Through solvothermal reaction of a mixture of Cs-oleate and PbBr2 precursors, CsPbBr3 NPLs can be synthesized in mass production. The lateral sizes of CsPbBr3 NPLs can be precisely tuned by varying the solvothermal reaction temperatures and times, while the thickness of NPLs remains constant at ∼4.2 nm, which is in the quantum confinement regime. The fine-tuning of lateral NPL sizes results in precise modulation of their photoluminescence emission. Moreover, an interesting phase transformation from cubic CsPbBr3 NPLs to rhombohedral Cs4PbBr6 NCs, and the reversible transformation from Cs4PbBr6 NCs to CsPbBr3 NPLs can be readily achieved by changing the solvothermal reaction sources. The present s...

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is a key indicator of pollutants in waste water from the agricultural, industrial and household sectors and its abatement has become a key requirement in China. However, the distribution of COD discharge and fresh water resources varies throughout China. Understanding the spatial pattern and factors influencing regional COD discharge in China is vital to efforts in reducing regional discharges. Towards this end, using a multi-regional input-output model (MRIO), this research quantifies the domestic COD footprints (CODF) for individual regions and their interactions in 2010. Our results reveal that China’s COD discharges were primarily from the agricultural sector, with a secondary contribution from the household sector. Of the 30 provinces studied, some eastern coastal provinces with large CODF, e.g., Shanghai, Tianjin and Jiangsu, were net interregional importers. The CODF per capita for the studied regions varied based on the final demand, lifestyle affluence, and availability of pollution-treatment infrastructure. The virtual COD flow patterns were divided into agricultural and industrial discharge, whereby the former flow transfers crossed long distances between the western and eastern regions of China. A comparison of the regional COD flows and their water resources characteristics suggests that Chinese policymakers should design and implement a holistic national plan to reduce the country’s total COD discharge based on supply- and demand-side responsibilities − especially in net exporter regions that lack fresh water. Furthermore, a reduction in the demand for pollution-intensive products and an increase in the demand-side reuse and recycling of resources is vital.

Emulsions are widely used in numerous fields. Therefore, there has been increasing interest in the development of new emulsification strategies toward emulsions with advanced functions. Herein we report the formation of diverse emulsions by host–guest interaction-mediated interfacial self-assembly under mild conditions. In this strategy, a hydrophilic diblock copolymer with one block containing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can assemble at the oil/water interface when its aqueous solution is mixed with an oil phase of benzyl alcohol (BA), by host–guest interactions between β-CD and BA. This results in significantly reduced interfacial tension and the formation of switchable emulsions with easily tunable droplet sizes. Furthermore, nanoemulsions with excellent stability are successfully prepared simply via vortexing. The self-assembled oil-in-water emulsions also show catastrophic phase inversion, which can generate stable bicontinuous phase and water-in-oil emulsions, thereby further extending phase structures that can be realized by this host–guest self-assembly approach. Moreover, the host–guest nanoemulsions are able to engineer different nanoparticles and microstructures as well as solubilize a diverse array of hydrophobic drugs and dramatically enhance their oral bioavailability. The host–guest self-assembly emulsification is facile, energetically friendly, and fully translatable to industry, therefore representing a conceptually creative approach toward advanced emulsions., Diverse emulsions can be formed by host−guest interaction-mediated interfacial self-assembly under mild conditions, which are useful for engineering of functional materials and drug delivery.

Reform of energy prices in China has stepped into a crucial stage. It has become a controversial issue after the reform of increasing block tariffs (IBTs) for household electricity, followed by a time-of-use (TOU) pricing policy. Using ELES model, this paper estimates the price elasticity of residential electricity demand; based on perceived price and price elasticity, a power structure model demand response for nonlinear electricity price is proposed; taking Anhui province as a case, this paper analyzes the attainment situation of such policy objectives as electricity saving, consumer welfare, equity improvement and peak shaving, with the introduction of TOU pricing into IBTs for household electricity. The results show that IBTs helps reduce electricity consumption by 0.74%–0.93%, with minor energy effect；IBTs may lead to a maximum 1.57CNY increase of electricity expense per household per month, which is acceptable for residents. It also may reduce cross-subsidy to some extent. After introducing TOU pricing, the efficiency of peak shaving is only 2.25%–2.78%, and the load decrement at peak periods is far lower than the increase at valley periods; while the effect of electricity conservation and cross-subsidy reduction have been alleviated. In other words, peak-valley price is not only difficult to achieve its own objective effectively, but also prohibits the effect of IBTs. Based on the above conclusions, some policy recommendations are provided to improve the price reform of residential electricity, natural gas and other public resources in various regions of China and foreign regions with similar electricity market.

The FDA approved drug suvorexant binds to the horseshoe shape pocket of OX2 R with the boat conformation. The horseshoe shape pocket plays an important role on the biological activity of OX2 R in the cell membrane. To study the binding mechanism between the horseshoe shape pocket of OX2 R and boat conformation of suvorexant, the crystal structures of wild type and N324A mutant of OX2 R in complex with antagonist suvorexant are chosen to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, QM/MM, and MMGBSA calculations. By comparison with the wild type of OX2 R, the results show the 1,2,3-triazole and p-toluamide groups of suvorexant are changed in the N324A mutant of OX2 R during 200 ns MD simulations. The QM/MM and weak interaction analysis are employed to calculate the non-covalent bonds interaction between suvorexant and key residues in the wild type and N324A mutant of OX2 R. The MMGBSA calculations indicate the entropy energy is an important influence factor for suvorexant affinity in the distorted horseshoe shape pocket of OX2 R. Our results not only show the horseshoe shape pocket of OX2 R is the necessary conformation for the binding of antagonist suvorexant, but also give the important sites and structural features for antagonist design of OX2 R.

Multiplexing, one of the main trends in biosensors, aims to detect several analytes simultaneously by integrating miniature sensors on a chip. However, precisely depositing electrode materials and selective enzymes on distinct microelectrode arrays remains an obstacle to massively produced multiplexed sensors. Here, we report on a "drop-on-demand" inkjet printing process to fabricate multiplexed biosensors based on nanostructured conductive hydrogels in which the electrode material and several kinds of enzymes were printed on the electrode arrays one by one by employing a multinozzle inkjet system. The whole inkjet printing process can be finished within three rounds of printing and only one round of alignment. For a page of sensor arrays containing 96 working electrodes, the printing process took merely ∼5 min. The multiplexed assays can detect glucose, lactate, and triglycerides in real time with good selectivity and high sensitivity, and the results in phosphate buffer solutions and calibration serum samples are comparable. The inkjet printing process exhibited advantages of high efficiency and accuracy, which opens substantial possibilities for massive fabrication of integrated multiplexed biosensors for human health monitoring.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo feeding of cationic amino acids on hatchability, hatch weights, and organ developments in pigeon squabs. Two experiments were conducted in this study. Eggs in Exp. 1 were subjected to modification of in ovo feeding in pigeons. Optimal time was determined by checking amniotic fluid volume, and suitable length was confirmed through ink injection. Results showed that the optimum time of in ovo feeding was on d 13 of embryonic development, and the suitable injected length was 20 mm to reach the amniotic cavity of the embryo. Eggs in Exp. 2 were transferred to access in ovo feeding of cationic amino acids. A total of 75 fertile pigeon eggs was randomly distributed into 5 treatments of 15 replicate eggs. Treatments in Exp. 2 consisted of non-injected controls (Control), a sterile buffered solution (0.75% saline), or a cationic amino acid mixture (> 98.5% purity crystalline L-arginine, > 98% purity crystalline L-lysine, and > 98.5% purity L-histidine) containing 0.1, 1, or 10% concentration (Conc.), which were relative to their total content in the eggs, respectively. The crystalline amino acids were dissolved in 200 μL buffered solution prior to in ovo feeding. After hatching, hatch weight (HW) and organ weight (OW) of the squabs were measured immediately. In ovo feeding of cationic amino acids increased the proportions of yolk-free hatch weight to hatch weight (YFHW/HW) (quadratic P = 0.01), and those of OW to YFHW including the heart (quadratic P = 0.01), kidney (quadratic P

Developing highly-efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions from industrial wastewater is of great importance for environmental pollution control. In this work, density functional theory was used to model the adsorption capacities of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on defective porous boron nitride (p-BN). Our results suggest that both nitrogen (VN) and boron (VB) vacancies contribute to the adsorption of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on p-BN. In the case of a VN defect, the calculated adsorption energy (Eads) values are 3.76 eV and 4.58 eV for single Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, respectively, whereas, in the case of a VB defect, the Eads values are 8.55 eV and 10.26 eV for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, respectively. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals that defective levels in the energy gap region strongly affect the adsorption performance of p-BN as an adsorbent. More importantly, we clarify that the strong adsorption of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions on defective p-BN is indeed chemical adsorption and not dispersion or electrostatic attraction. High coverage of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions and the effect of water solvent molecules were also taken into account. These findings indicate that defective p-BN is an excellent candidate for the removal of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) ions from wastewater.

TiO2(B) nanotubes (NTs) were used as carriers to support metal Cu/Ni nanoparticles for the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) under visible light. The TiO2 NTs were first prepared by the hydrothermal method and subsequently loaded with Cu/Ni metal nanoparticles by the impregnation reduction method. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the as-obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The characterization results revealed that the metal nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the surface of the TiO2 NTs, while the band gap of the catalyst was reduced significantly from 3.22 to 2.68 eV. The catalysts showed an excellent photocatalytic performance towards the hydrolysis of AB for H2 production. Thus, the H2 production rate of Cu0.64Ni0.36-TiO2 NTs reached 5763.86 mL g−1 min−1, with a total turnover frequency (TOF) of 15.90 mol H2 (mol cat)−1 min−1 for a loading volume of metal particles of 5.25 wt%. The results presented herein demonstrate that TiO2(B) can be a potential photocatalyst for effective H2 production, and also provide a cheap and effective approach to improve the light-to-H2 energy conversion.

We demonstrate that the traditional emulsification theory can be enriched by a self-assembly approach, in which hydrophilic copolymers with one block exhibiting noncovalent forces with the oil phase self-assemble at the oil-water interface, thereby reducing interfacial tension and forming emulsions. This approach was established using affinity diblock copolymers that can interact with oil molecules through electrostatic interactions or hydrogen-bonding. Nanoemulsions with excellent stability were successfully obtained simply via vortexing. The self-assembled emulsions showed unexpected catastrophic phase inversion, further extending the phase structures to bicontinuous and reverse emulsions. Complex emulsions could also be fabricated by this strategy. In addition, the thus prepared nanoemulsions can be used to engineer different nanomaterials.

Controlling surface states using different functional groups is an effective and facile way to modulate the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs), but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and urgent to solve. In this work, we synthesized red emitting CDs and achieved multiple emission states (red, green and blue emission) by tailoring the surface states with different amino groups. In particular, the luminescence mechanism and the role of surface states were studied in detail. It is found that the multiple emission states are related to the speciation of nitrogen (pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, graphitic N and amino N) on the surface of CDs, of which the fluorophore formed by the deformation of p-phenylenediamine contributes to the red emission, pyridinic N is responsible for the green emission state, and pyrrolic N enhances the blue emission. A possible energy level diagram was proposed to disclose the electron transition process and relative levels induced by different surface groups on CDs. In addition, the modulated CDs with multiple emission states can be used as single light converters to fabricate a white light-emitting diode, which has white light color coordinates of (0.31, 0.32), a high color rendering index (CRI) of 85, a luminous efficiency of 8.8 lm W−1 and good stability.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary manganese-methionine (Mn-Met) supplementation on the egg quality of laying hens. A total of 480 Jinghong-1 strain layers aged 53 wk were divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates of 16 layers. Birds in the control group were fed a diet supplemented with 60 mg Mn/kg in the form of MnSO4; the birds in other 4 experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg Mn/kg as Mn-Met, respectively. Dietary Mn-Met treatments significantly affected (P 0.05) the albumen height, yolk color, and Haugh unit compared to those of the control diet. The Mn contents in the eggshell increased (P0.01) significantly by increasing the Mn-Met supplementation, whereas Mn content in eggshell was triple that in the yolk or albumen. Compared with the 60 mg/kg Mn-Met group, the transverse surface in the control group had (P 0.01) a greater width of mammillary cones, and there were obvious cracks on the outer surface in the control. There was no difference (P 0.05) in the eggshell gland (ESG) in the expression of calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k) mRNA in response to any diet treatment. In conclusion, dietary Mn-Met supplementation increased internal egg quality and the ultrastructure of the eggshell. Compared to the control, 60 mg/kg Mn-Met treatment resulted in improving egg quality, and 20 mg/kg Mn-Met treatment had similar effects the control treatment had on the egg quality. This indicates that the inorganic Mn can be replaced by the lower concentration of Mn-Met.

Rationally designed precursors of N-doped carbon are crucial for high performance carbon materials of supercapacitor electrodes. Herein, we report a scalable preparation of hierarchically structured N-doped carbon of micro/meso porous nanofiber morphology by using a supramolecular assembled polypyrrole as the precursor. The influences of the dose of supramolecular dopant on final products after carbonization and sequential chemical activation were investigated. The interconnected nanofiber backbone allows better electron transport and the optimized hierarchically porous structure of the material exhibits a large specific surface area of 2113.2 m2 g−1. The N content of the carbon is as high as 6.49 atom%, which is favorable to improve the supercapacitive performance via additional reversible redox reaction over pure carbon. The hierarchically porous N-doped carbon electrode delivered an outstanding specific capacitance of 435.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, significantly higher than that of the control sample derived from undoped polypyrrole samples. Moreover, the capacitance retention is as high as 96.1% after 5000 cycles. This precursor's structural control route is readily applicable to various conducting polymers, and provides a methodology to design carbon materials with advanced structure for developing high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

Transition-metal oxides with a strain effect have attracted immense interest as cathode materials for fuel cells. However, owing to the introduction of heterostructures, substrates, or a large number of defects during the synthesis of strain-bearing catalysts, not only is the structure-activity relationship complicated but also their performance is mediocre. In this study, a mode of strain introduction is reported. Transition-metal ions with different electronegativities are intercalated into the cryptomelane-type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS-2) structure with K ions as the template, resulting in the octahedral structural distortion of MnO6 and producing strains of different degrees. Experimental studies reveal that Ni-OMS-2 with a high compressive strain (4.12%) exhibits superior oxygen reduction performance with a half-wave potential (0.825 V vs RHE) greater than those of other reported manganese-based oxides. This result is related to the increase in the covalence of MnO6 octahedral configuration and shifting down of the eg band center caused by the higher compression strain. This research avoids the introduction of new chemical bonds in the main structure, weakens the effect of eg electron filling number, and emphasizes the pure strain effect. This concept can be extended to other transition-metal-oxide catalysts.

4-Amino-2-Trifluoromethyl-Phenyl Retinate (ATPR), a novel all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) derivative, has been demonstrated that it had a variety of anti-tumor effects by exerting regulation on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Here, we found that ATPR is critical for alleviating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia. USO1, vesicle transport factor, belongs to tether protein family and involved in endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi trafficking of protein which is important to tumorigenesis. How USO1 contribute to MDS remain elusive. USO1 is aberrantly activated in MDS and AML in vivo and vitro, aberration of which might be a dominant mechanism for MDS cell survival. During the ATPR-induced remission of MDS, in vitro, USO1 presents a time and concentration-dependent decrease. Silencing of USO1 promotes myeloid differentiation of MDS cells and inhibits MDS cellular proliferation while USO1 over-expression has the opposite effect, suggesting that reduction of USO1 enhances the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to ATPR treatment. Mechanistically, USO1 exerts its oncogenic role by inactivating Raf/ERK signaling, while ATPR is access to revise it. Notably, the activity of Raf/ERK pathway is required for the development and maintenance of MDS cell proliferation. Collectively, our results demonstrate the USO1- Raf/ERK signaling axis in MDS and highlight the negative role of USO1 in ATPR-regulated remission of MDS.

Exploring novel materials for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and separation is highly desired in environmental and industrial area, which has gain much attention. Herein, by means of density functional theory investigation including dispersion, we show strong and selective CO2 uptake on fluorine-doped porous BN (p-BN) via examining the adsorption properties, electronic structure, work function and charge population of pristine p-BN and F-doped p-BN. Our results indicate that the work function can be significantly reduced by the F atoms-induced impurity states in the band gap of p-BN. Then, we highlight that p-BN with FN defect presents highly desirable adsorption ability of CO2 with an adsorption energy of 4.35 eV, which have been illuminated to be originated from the robust chemical reaction accompanying with charge transfer of −0.491 e. Meanwhile, p-BN with FN exhibit excellent adsorption selectivity to CO2 with a series of adsorptive substances (CO2, N2, H2, CH4, H2S), which suggests promising application potential in CO2 separation. Finally, the stability of F doped p-BN have confirmed by the vibration frequencies and formation energy analyses. Our finding will open a new way to facilitate application of p-BN in CO2 capture and separation.

Impurity Oxygen (O) atom is usually found in boron nitride materials. Herein, geometries, electronic, magnetic properties, and related stability of porous boron nitride (p-BN) with O defects were discussed employing first principles calculation. The phonon dispersion and cohesive energy demonstrate that the predicted p-BN with the band gap width of 3.99 ​eV is stable, and the formation energy of three O-doped systems (h-BO) is lower than other doped structures, which verified h-BO is easier to synthesize in the experiment. Furthermore, one or three O-doped p-BN exhibits magnetic moments of 1.0 μB per cell, which will lead to highly efficient magnetic properties. Due to the multiple inductive energy levels in the electronic structure, h-BO system results in a series of radiative transition levels range from ~3.50 ​eV (~354 ​nm) to ~3.87 ​eV (~318 ​nm), which reveals that p-BN by replacing nitrogen atoms with oxygen is expected to be utilized in fabricating optical nanomaterial.

We prepared BCNO phosphors with yellow and orange emission and investigated the effects of chemical bonds on luminescence and absorption properties for BCNO phosphors in solid phase, water, acid and alkaline solutions. The BCNO phosphors are mainly consisted of B‒N, C‒N, B‒O, C˭C, C‒H and N‒H chemical bonds, and the intensity and content of chemical bonds are related to the ratio of boric acid to glycine. The emission peaks of BCNO phosphors are red shifted from 559 nm to 605 nm with increasing ratio of boric acid to glycine (1:1 to 1:10). The range of excitation and absorption spectra are broadened with increased ratio of boric acid to glycine. In addition, the acid and alkaline solutions have different effects on excitation, emission and absorption spectra of BCNO phosphors. The changes of luminescence and absorption properties of BCNO phosphors are related to the regulation of surface states and chemical binding status of BCNO phosphors, which is originated from the variety of relative energy band structure.

Dendritic Co Cu and Ni Cu alloys were employed as hydrogen generation catalysts via hydrolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB). Dendritic Co0.52Cu0.48 and Ni0.19Cu0.81 alloys were successfully synthesized with starch by a facile and efficient in situ method at room temperature. The structure, morphology, and chemical composition of the as-obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results revealed a dendritic and uniform distribution for the as-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Good performance towards the hydrolysis of AB was observed in all cases, although Co0.52Cu0.48 showed the highest hydrogen release rate (r, 2179 mL min−1·g−1) and the lowest activation energy (Ea, 37.3 kJ mol−1) among the samples prepared. The surface structure of the alloys and the reticular density of the different crystal faces were studied with the aim to explain the catalytic performance of the samples.

The turnover of mitochondrial outer-membrane proteins is known to be mediated by the cytoplasmic ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Wu et al. report the unexpected finding that two outer-membrane proteins Tom22 and Om45 are inwardly translocated into mitochondria and degraded by the inner-membrane protease Yme1., Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles playing essential metabolic and signaling functions. The mitochondrial proteome is under surveillance by two proteolysis systems: the ubiquitin–proteasome system degrades mitochondrial outer-membrane (MOM) proteins, and the AAA proteases maintain the proteostasis of intramitochondrial compartments. We previously identified a Doa1–Cdc48-Ufd1-Npl4 complex that retrogradely translocates ubiquitinated MOM proteins to the cytoplasm for degradation. In this study, we report the unexpected identification of MOM proteins whose degradation requires the Yme1-Mgr1-Mgr3 i-AAA protease complex in mitochondrial inner membrane. Through immunoprecipitation and in vivo site-specific photo–cross-linking experiments, we show that both Yme1 adapters Mgr1 and Mgr3 recognize the intermembrane space (IMS) domains of the MOM substrates and facilitate their recruitment to Yme1 for proteolysis. We also provide evidence that the cytoplasmic domain of substrate can be dislocated into IMS by the ATPase activity of Yme1. Our findings indicate a proteolysis pathway monitoring MOM proteins from the IMS side and suggest that the MOM proteome is surveilled by mitochondrial and cytoplasmic quality control machineries in parallel.