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The clinical features of a maculopathy related to the use of topical epinephrine in 22 eyes of 15 patients are presented. Visual loss varied from 20/40 to less than 20/400, and was reversible in all but one instance when the drug was withdrawn. All patients, except one, were aphakic. In the one phakic case the lens was completely dislocated into the vitreous. The incidence of the maculopathy appears to be at least 20% to 30% in aphakic eyes treated with epinephrine. It varies with the concentration of epinephrine used, may appear within a few weeks or many months after epinephrine therapy is begun, and is reproducible on administration of topical epinephrine to the same patient.

Isosorbide is an effective hyperosmotic agent which can be administered orally without gastrointestinal irritation. It is absorbed quantitatively and more than 95% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oral administration of a 50% solution to rabbits or man results in prompt increases in osmolarity of the serum and profound decreases in intraocular pressure. The drug proves useful in acute primary and secondary glaucomas, and as preoperative medication for various surgical procedures including cataract extraction, retinal detachment, corneal transplant, and glaucoma operations.

INTRODUCTION Patients with glaucoma who have progressive loss of visual field usually demonstrate elevations of intraocular pressure. The pressure susceptibility to the loss of field varies greatly from individual to individual. In some instances it may be related to the level of systemic blood pressure.1,2 Attempts have been made to produce rapid changes in intraocular pressure by pressure or suction applied to the globe and to estimate the pressure level at which field defects occur.2-5 Such approaches have stimulated considerable interest in the posterior segment aspects of glaucoma but have been difficult to standardize or duplicate because of ocular distention, vascular effects, and the lack of steady state conditions.Recently it has been demonstrated that topical corticosteroids decrease outflow facility and elevate intraocular pressure when applied to the eyes of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, of glaucoma suspects, and of some volunteers.6 The pressure can be raised

Excess total alkalinity (TA) of Mediterranean Sea (MS) seawater relative to its Atlantic origin has been attributed to high inputs from major rivers and the Black Sea. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), which was recently shown to be an important source of nutrients to the MS, may also be an important source of TA to the MS. During 2015–2017, water samples were taken from a shoreline groundwater spring near Tel‐Shikmona, northern Israel, and analyzed for TA, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nutrients. Spring water TA varied seasonally between a low of 3,919 and a high of 7,148 µmol kg−1in the summer and winter, respectively. Long‐term records from a nearby monitoring site indicate that wintertime coastal water TA is positively correlated with annual rainfall rates. Based on the Tel‐Shikmona groundwater spring measurements and other measurements from the MS region reported in the literature, we estimated that the TA flux from the fresh component of SGD (FSGD) in this region is 22%–37% and 17%–30% of the riverine and Black Sea TA fluxes to the MS, respectively. The oceans have absorbed much of the CO2emitted to the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial revolution. The ability of seawater to absorb this excess CO2in the atmosphere is a strong function of a chemical attribute of seawater called total alkalinity (TA). Where seawater with higher TA is able to absorb more CO2relative to seawater with lower TA. In this study, we tried to assess the relative contribution of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) along the land boundaries of the Mediterranean Sea (MS) to its TA budget. During 2015–2017, water samples were taken from a shoreline groundwater spring near Tel‐Shikmona, northern Israel, and analyzed for TA, salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients and carbon. The results of our measurements together with relevant data from the scientific literature indicate that the TA flux into the MS from SGD is 22%–37% and 17%–30% of the riverine and Black Sea TA fluxes into the MS, respectively. The results of this study suggest that SGD TA flux to the MS and the oceans in general could be an important and previously overlooked feedback mechanism for the anthropogenic increase and glacial/interglacial variations in atmospheric CO2. Surface water excess alkalinity relative to salinity in the MediterraneanFresh groundwater discharge into the Mediterranean has very high alkalinity that varies seasonallyInput of total alkalinity from fresh submarine groundwater discharge is comparable to riverine and Black Sea inputs of alkalinity Surface water excess alkalinity relative to salinity in the Mediterranean Fresh groundwater discharge into the Mediterranean has very high alkalinity that varies seasonally Input of total alkalinity from fresh submarine groundwater discharge is comparable to riverine and Black Sea inputs of alkalinity

We demonstrate continuous-wave cascaded optical parametric oscillation in which the signal field of the primary parametric oscillator internally pumps the secondary parametric oscillator. Wavelength tuning is achieved with temperature tuning and a fan-out grating structure of a dual-grating periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. Above the secondary threshold the primary signal power is clamped, and all the other output powers increase linearly with the input pump power, in accordance with theory. Cascaded parametric oscillation offers a convenient and efficient way to generate multiple tunable outputs.

Hypocalcemia associated with labor and lactation is a rare condition reported previously in patients with hypovitaminosis D. We here describe a case of a young woman in whom symptomatic severe hypocalcemia appeared after her second delivery, early in lactation. At the end of lactation the condition worsened. We review all previously reported cases and suggest a possible physiologic explanation for the association between pregnancy, lactation and the appearance of symptomatic hypocalcemia.

The density of the water-N,N-dimethylformamide mixture throughout the entire range of compositions in the temperature range 278.15-323.15 K at atmospheric pressure (0.101 MPa) was measured. The coefficients of thermal dilatation α were calculated. The α value strongly depends on the composition of the mixture in the range 0 < X<: 0.3 (Xis the molar fraction of dimethylformamide), which is associated with breakdown of water structure. An equation relating the molar volume of the water-dimethylformamide mixture to the composition of the mixture and to the temperature was proposed.

The effect of low doses of epinephrine hydrochloride on intraocular pressure was evaluated. Concentrations of ⅛%, ¼%, ½% and 1% epinephrine were administered to one eye of a patient over a four-week period. An interval of four weeks was allowed before the successive higher concentration was applied. The fellow eye was left untreated and served as a control. The results indicate that epinephrine lowers intraocular pressure at the concentrations tested with significantly greater effectiveness at the higher dose levels.

It was shown by immunochemical analysis of normal human skin and skin heat-treated in vitro that of the four or five organ-specific skin antigens no fewer than two are thermostable, for they withstand heating to 100°C for 3 min, and two or three antigens are thermolabile. The thermostable antigens have the electrophoretic mobility of α1- and γ-globulins. In burned human skin (burn scab) the thermolabile and one of the two thermostable organspecific antigens are lost.

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of the pharmacodynamic interaction between docetaxel/paclitaxel and cisplatin. Cisplatin-induced DNA-adducts and cisplatin accumulation were quantitated in peripheral blood leukocytes (WBC). The WBC were obtained from patients treated with docetaxel or paclitaxel in phase I/II studies and were incubated in vitro with cisplatin. In addition, blank whole-blood samples were obtained from patients and healthy subjects and incubated in vitro with cisplatin or docetaxel/paclitaxel and cisplatin. The cisplatin-induced DNA-adduct levels measured in WBC after treatment with docetaxel or paclitaxel were significantly lower than those determined in non-pretreated WBC. Docetaxel and paclitaxel reduced the intracellular accumulation of cisplatin in WBC by 46–47%. If the pharmacodynamic interaction between docetaxel/paclitaxel and cisplatin also occurs in other normal tissues such as bone marrow, it may well contribute to the sequence dependent toxicity that has been observed in clinical studies.

To describe two patients with uveitis who developed increased intraocular pressure that was unresponsive to maximum medical therapy eight and 13 months after periocular injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

• A family history of glaucoma was found in 50% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 43% of patients with ocular hypertension (OH). Positive family history was twice as prevalent in those with OH and either HLA-B7 or B12 antigens than in OH with neither antigen (P &lt;.01). Although POAG occurred equally in men and women, the prevalence of a positive family history of glaucoma on the maternal side of the family in POAG patients was six to seven times greater than on the paternal side (P &lt;.0005). However, in patients with OH, but no glaucomatous field loss, there was no difference in prevalence of maternal and paternal family history. Even in OH with HLA-B7 or B12 antigens, there was no predominance of maternal family history. The implication that offspring were more likely to develop POAG when their mother's side of the family rather than their father's side had the disease has provided an additional potentially useful risk factor in patients with OH. In addition, it has raised interesting questions as to possible maternal cytoplasmic factors in the transmission and pathogenesis of POAG.(Arch Ophthalmol 95:598-600, 1977)

• Platelet function in vitro and in vivo and certain measurements of blood coagulability and fibrinolysis were examined in 12 patients with low tension glaucoma and the results were compared with those obtained in 12 normal subjects matched for age, race, and sex. The data obtained seem to indicate that patients with low tension glaucoma cannot be readily distinguished from individuals of similar age and sex not afflicted with this disorder by measuring these variables. Thus, a "hypercoagulable state," ie, a thrombotic tendency, does not appear to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of this disorder.

• A retrospective review was conducted of 31 patients with bilateral elevations of intraocular pressure and unilateral glaucomatous visual field loss. Nine (29%) of the fellow eyes developed visual field loss during a three- to seven-year follow-up period. Of the 13 fellow eyes that had an initial intraocular pressure greater than 26 mm Hg, eight (62%) developed visual field loss, as opposed to one (6%) of the 18 eyes that had lower intraocular pressures. Of the 11 fellow eyes whose intraocular pressures exceeded 24 mm Hg, either treated or untreated, on more than 50% of the measurements, seven (64%) lost visual field, whereas in the 20 eyes whose intraocular pressures were lower, only two (10%) lost visual field.

The accuracy in measuring deformations depends on the correct selection of initial parameters and, in the first place, on the quality of the optical device. The calculation of the error in kinematic measurements does not present any difficulties. Thus, the suggested method provides a continuous recording of the variations in linear and angular displacements by means of a kinemetric method with a sufficient accuracy for dynamic processes.

Provides information on software technology adopted by law firm Preston Gates & Ellis. Details of the software called Patterns, a search engine developed by software engineer Skip Walter; Features of the software; Benefits of the software to the law firm.

Focuses on the impact of the phasing out of the computer software LawPack by Hummingbird Ltd. on its corporate legal departments. Functionality of the software; Reason for the effort of Hummingbird to phase out the software; Cases of software phase out; Factor responsible for the popularity of LawPack. INSET: The Contenders.

Reports on the decision of Hummingbird to phase out its LawPack software used by many law firms to track case and matter management. Reasons for the decision of Hummingbird; Reactions from law firms; Features of the LawPack software.

Deals with the technology used by law firms in the U.S. Technology needs of law firms; Technology spending per lawyer by law firms; Impact of the September 11, 2002 terrorist attacks on the technology needs of law firms.

Provides information on the RecomMind Inc. Service offered by RecomMind; History of RecomMind; Problem encountered by the company when they considered entering the legal market.

Presents an excerpt from a conference on the tension between lawyers and information technology (IT) professionals which was held in Chicago, Illinois. Need for lawyers to recognize the value of technology; Requirements for IT staff; Views of IT professionals on technological experimentation by lawyers.

Focuses on the law firm Davis Polk & Wardwell in Manhattan, New York City. Rank of the firm in a survey on overall job satisfaction; Documents held by the firm's internal Web site; Executives employed at the firm.

Focuses on the online deal rooms of technology vendors. Reasons for the confidence of vendors that lawyers will use the deal rooms; Key features of the online deal rooms; Disadvantages of using eRoom for lawyers; Information on infoLink, a deal room launched by iManage.

Discusses the deployment of technology at law firms in London, England and New York. Comparison between the technology deployment and investment in law firms in London and New York; Approach used in paying law firm partners; Expenses of Allen & Overy to develop technology tools.

We have designed and tested a broadband fan-out PPLN-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1.064 μm) and operating in the spectral range 2.6 – 4.2 μm. The optical scheme of the OPO utilises a cylindrical pump beam expander for increasing the effective aperture of the PPLN structure and obtaining broadband generation.