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Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that innovation diffusion is not a rational implementation process, but more accurately portrayed as a highly social process, involving sets of intermediate organizations that contribute to a product’s reputation. Empirically it builds on two case studies, one cultural and one science-based, to demonstrate there are industry differences in where innovations get validated: validating intermediaries are centralized in few global nodes in the case of theatre, and decentralized in each marketplace in the case of pharmaceutical vaccines. This pattern is counterintuitive, because it is different from what we would expect based on the spatial organization of their production activities. These findings have implications for policy: can we assume innovations will readily diffuse (and export) outside their region of origin? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the constitution of the European Union territory in socio-technical practices. We argue that calculative practices are central in the constitution of the European Union territory but that these practices need to be understood as being situated within the broader ‘teleological structures’ of European integration. This paper scrutinizes the European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion (formerly European Spatial Planning Observation Network) programme as one of the activity spaces whereby the calculative practices of the ‘European knowledge-based economy’, a term which arose in the 1990s, are constitutive of the contemporary making of the European Union territory. We thus highlight the practices of surveying, mapping and modelling as central components in the constitution of the European Union as a political object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies on use of Internet among youngsters suggest problematic behaviour and adverse impacts on overall health as there are uncharted boundaries of information and media through Internet. Such related problems include Internet addiction, shyness, alienation, psychological distress and academic performance decrement over time. As a consequence, the ability of students in tertiary education to communicate effectively and interact humanly could deteriorate as they become more accustomed to networking via Internet. However, students nowadays do increasingly rely on the Internet to perform research under the knowledge-based economy despite concerns over reliability and truthfulness of information available from Internet. Against such a background, we construct a framework for an optimal use of Internet with the main purpose of Personal Knowledge Management (PKM). We argue for an interventionist approach to orient students in tertiary education to develop a strategic mindset that utilizes Internet as a source for developing knowledge about learning outcomes while mitigating the risks associated with over-reliance and inadequate uses. There are specific skills of PKM for an optimal use of Internet. These skills can be learned in the initiation of a study programme and reinforced in course delivery, which include course assessments and assignments provided. Students are advised on the validated sources, such as electronic databases and e-libraries that are well-recognized as knowledge bases for studying and learning. PKM aims to orient students in tertiary education to develop a strategic mindset that exploits Internet as a source for developing knowledge about learning outcomes while mitigating the risks associated with over-reliance and inadequate uses. The importance of orientation, on-going monitoring and reinforcing position habits through pedagogies should be emphasized. A key potential benefit of this approach is to prevent students from adopting habits of using Internet that could cause health-related problems and develop into behaviours that inhibit their future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many governments have recently begun to adopt the concept of open innovation. However, studies on the openness of government data and its effect on the global competitiveness have not received much attention. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of government data openness on a knowledge-based economy at the government level. The proposed model was analyzed using secondary data collected from three different reports. The findings indicate that government data openness positively affects the formation of knowledge bases in a country and that the level of knowledge base of a country positively affects the global competitiveness of a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we analyse the geopolitics of higher education, which we understand as an assemblage through which the functioning of the 'borderless' and 'deterritorializing' dynamics of the global knowledge economy are respatialized. Discourses, objects and bodies constitute a geopolitical assemblage. We scrutinize in particular the geopolitical discourse of the knowledge economy, the construction of material and immaterial learning environments as one of its governmental technologies as well as the subjectification of individuals as specific kinds of professional citizens. We concretize this with an enquiry into the set of recent university reforms in Finland and the ways in which these contribute to the formation of transnational citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the role of electronic commerce in the digital economy, where information is the main resource. Internet, information society technology vector, made possible transition to a knowledge society at the beginning of XXI century. New economy involves transition from a traditional economy based on resources, to a knowledge-based economy. The development of information technology leads to major changes in the economic and social fields. In a world of globalization, e-commerce, part of the information society, manages to eliminate geographical barriers between participants at economic transactions. I presented e-commerce history, definitions. I pointed out the importance of this sector at european level by quantification of indicators. I used a theoretical research and qualitative analysis of the data. I presented values indicators at the european level, the lowest and highest value, and recorded values for Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Law & Economics / Studia Prawno-Ekonomiczne is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge-based economy has become a major trend in the international society in the 21st century. However, today's strategies place a greater emphasis on sustainability than in the past, while continuing to emphasize the importance of education and its connection with labour market. There has been a re-orientation, where resource, eco-efficiency and innovation have become major elements for achieving national objectives and a relevant level of competitiveness. This article deals with 30 indices, which define the competitiveness of a specific economy, and involve knowledge parameters. The indices are classified into four main categories and one special category. They are then analysed regarding the participation of Serbia and their availability. The main focus of this paper is to give a detailed analyses of energy indices, as a special category of knowledge indexes. It has been shown that Serbia, in many cases, was not included in the study analysis or that there was insufficient information about Serbia's position. This article shows that only a part of the presented indices includes Serbia. It is concluded that a new, revised model is needed that will include more exact indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of Malaysia as a high-income and competitive nation largely depends on its pool of highly skilled human capital. Hence, the issue of human capital development has taken centre stage in numerous reform agendas of Malaysia. This paper seeks to provide examples of policy initiatives aimed at facilitating the management of highly educated talent in Malaysia. It subsequently considers the role of higher education institutions, particularly the universities, as attractors, educators and retainers of intellectuals, in shaping talent. In conclusion, we argue that more significant underlying shortcomings of talent development are derived from the still transitional nature of the reforms and incomplete structural changes occurring in the national system, and that a change in mindset is the first necessary step towards nurturing and developing a human resource talent pool. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the modern era, the success of a developing economy has become more dependent on the capacity to produce and use knowledge, which leads to the emergence of a knowledge economy. Keeping in view the significance of the knowledge economy in the economic growth of economies, in the present study an attempt has been made to examine the inter-country differences across the selected developing economies. In addition to it, to analyse the impact of knowledge on economic level as well as on economic growth across 42 selected developing economies, regression analysis was applied. The results of the study reveal that there is positive correlation between the knowledge economy index and economic level, but there is very weak marginal effect of the knowledge economy on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reviews research on transnational higher education (TNHE) published in academic journals between 2006 and 2014 through the lenses of network power and dissensus. Conclusions suggest the need for more research on the 'entrapping' aspects of global social relations to provide a counterweight to the influence of dominant paradigms. It is argued that research at local-institutional level, harnessing the dissensus of the academic community with the needs and aspirations of students, provides the means to develop global imaginaries and initiate new policy directions that break free of entrapment and address the perverse outcomes of globalized knowledge-based economy models in higher education (HE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teaching Innovations / Inovacije u Nastavi is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Teacher Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge is increasingly thought of as a common good. This is exhibited in the fact that many central economies are moving towards economic paradigms where knowledge plays a fundamental role. This paper explores the confluence between both processes, asking in what ways an economic model based on the knowledge commons can open up new socioeconomic scenarios in the face of overwhelming neoliberal financialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a shift in emphasis in higher education from producing bachelor's degrees en masse to an increase in the production of graduates with post-graduate qualifications. In recent times more and more universities in South Africa place emphasis in recruiting students doing post-graduate degrees and encourage them to complete their research component of their studies in the stipulated time in order to increase the subsidy received from the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) and the research output of students and staff. For Walter Sisulu University (WSU), this issue is relatively crucial, given its low throughput rate of post-graduate students. This article in particular draws from a research study conducted with BEd (Hons) and MEd students at WSU Ibika Site to establish the challenges they experienced in doing their research. The students usually finish their course work in record time, but find it very difficult to complete the research component of the programme. The result is that there are a number of students in the system. This qualitative study explored the challenges faced by these students in completing the research component of their respective programmes. A purposive sample of 20 students were selected to participate in the study. Interviews were conducted to collect the data. Ethical considerations were employed. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. Some of the challenges experienced by the participants included, inter alia, problems experienced in identifying the problem statement; the complexity of proposal writing; a lack of professional writing skills; etc. Based on the findings of the study the author provided some recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various sources and feasibility studies provide ample analyses of the existence of serious skills gap in all the main sectors of the Albanian economy as the main educational focus has shifted towards Higher Education (HE), thus failing to revitalize the former "backbone" of the economy, i.e., Vocational Education Training (VET) and Continuing Education (CE). As such, this paper undertakes to analyse the most recent developments in terms of vocational education and training and continuing education as well as some very recent feasibility studies on Post- Secondary VET. It further provides a number of recommendations and suggestions towards better integration of VET and CE into a knowledge-based economy, thus filling the skills gap and securing a sustainable future and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article relates changes in higher education (HE) and research in East Asian societies to recent trends in political economy and, in particular, the reorientation of developmental states (DSs) in the region. The DS is oriented to catch-up competitiveness and, as the horizon of development shifts, so do its appropriate institutional forms and strategies. Catch-up competitiveness is guided by economic imaginaries, often linked to geoeconomic, geopolitical, and broader societal imaginaries, whose hegemony depends on particular discursive and disciplinary practices. The shift in the roles of HE and research is related to the reorientation of DSs from export-oriented, investment-led growth to knowledge-intensive, investment-led growth, supplemented in some cases by efforts to create international financial hubs to exploit a global trend towards financialisation. These themes are explored through comparison of selected East Asian economies/societies. The article ends with some general conclusions about the state's continuing role in HE and its internationalisation in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The use of knowledge for development, one of the main challenges in developing or newly industrialized countries is. Knowledge and its components in order to increase competitiveness in the global production of new products and services, to sustain steady growth in the international arena, providing new sources of growth and to increase productivity, are considered. That it tends to increase the economic success of developing countries and economies in transition will be developed. In this paper, we define globalization, knowledge, knowledge-based economy, the basic processes of knowledge-based economy, the state of knowledge-based economy and the degree of openness (as an indicator of globalization) has been studied in some countries is. The results from this study suggest that direct and positive relationship between the degree of openness of knowledge-based economy in all the selected countries there And countries to gain a greater share of world power in the future will be required to move towards a knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the purpose of higher education (HE) for students in Ireland in the context of the dominant narrative of the knowledge-based economy (KBE). It argues that the KBE is one of the most recent of economic imaginaries devised by governments to manage the population [Hay, S., & Kaptizke, C. (2009). ‘Smart’ state for a knowledge economy: Reconstituting creativity through student subjectivity.British Journal of Sociology of Education,30(2), 151–164; Jessop, B. (2008). A cultural political economy of competitiveness and its implications for higher education. In B. Jessop, N. Fairdough, & R. Wodak (Eds.),Education and the knowledge-based economy in Europe(pp. 14–39). Rotterdam: Sense; Loxley, A., Seery, A., & Walsh, J. (Eds.) (2014).Higher education in Ireland: Practices, policies and possibilities. Basingtoke: Palgrave Macmillan; Rose, N. (1999).Governing the soul; the shaping of the private self(2nd ed.). London: Free Association Books]: HE institutions have been assigned a key role in promoting economic growth in the competitive space of the global economy. HE is also represented as an insurance against the risk of under-employment or unemployment from a student perspective. The paper examines to what extent students ‘buy’ into this official imaginary and how it affects their decision to go to college and select a particular course. The research methodology involved a large-scale survey of three major HE institutions in Ireland. Questionnaires were completed by 4265 students. The results challenged the prevailing assumption that students’ decisions to go to college or select a particular course are driven solely by economic goals. The findings indicate that while the majority of students attributed a great deal of importance to market (employment) considerations, their employment imaginary was balanced against an affective imaginary, showing high levels of concern about care relations at an individual level. Risk is not only framed in terms of securing an economic future but also securing a relational future, the risks and opportunities for care and love relationships that particular careers or jobs entail are part of students’ imaginary. HE students, especially female students, can be conceptualised as affective consumers of risk, offering a counter-narrative to the market ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to show in what sense the institutions of the welfare state are key to the struggles that are developing around the debt crisis and against the austerity policies carried out in its name. The first part is dedicated to isolating some elements which contribute to explaining the nature of the current crisis of capitalism and the strategic issues at stake in the policies of expropriation of welfare institutions. The second part emphasizes how, around the question of welfare institutions, the crisis articulates two alternative models of society and regulation of a knowledge-based economy. Within this framework, we will put forward a few lines of analysis in order to think of a different model of development, one which is founded on the ‘Welfare of the Common’ as a new mode of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of 20th century witnessed the affirmation and development of information technology as well as the transformation of industrial into information, "new economy", which caused changes in people and circumstances. The role and importance of nonhuman factors was increased, causing entrepreneurship and knowledge-based information to become the most significant resources. The Internet became the basis of the "new economy". It changes the way of doing business, studying, researching, communicating and competition. It also reduces operating costs, crosses national borders and leads to the globalization of the world economy. Transitional countries have to fit into modern development flows by formulating their own strategy of national development and establishing their own competitive advantages in conditions of "new economy". These advantages lie predominantly in highly qualified and skilled younger labor which learns fast and adopts new knowledge and skills, through reducing transactional costs, shortening of certain development stages through which developed countries have already gone, using their experience, scientific-technological progress, a rise in work productivity, etc. Experience of other countries should be innovated and adapted to one's own material and social conditions, not copied. This enables the emergence of "European small tigers", which are similar to "Asian small tigers".

Since the late 80s, Barcelona has become an international metropolis where the international competitiveness of the Spanish economy has mainly been concentrated. Until now, the ways of understanding the reasons why Barcelonas economic performance has achieved such a remarkable situation are taken principally from an urban perspective. Different research programs have underlined the existence of specifically territorial competitiveness elements: closeness to European markets, broadening of the metropolitan area, and the existence of territorial-based external economies as localization, urbanization and network economies. This research points out another feature in Barcelonas new economic model that is also common to other of the most developed cities and economies of the world; changing their production foundations towards a fundamental issue: the boost for knowledge- based economy. The aim is to find out how far the changes detected in the ways of production and in the location of the economic activity are linked with the growing of high-densely knowledge-based activities; and whether the international success of the Barcelonas model could be partly explained by the growing up of higher technology and high-densely knowledge-based activities.

The article provides a comparative analysis of Ukrainian education funding and funding education of some developed countries. The relationship between the financing of education and GDP is shown in article. It proved the importance of higher education in economic development of the country. However, despite the importance of higher education, Ukrainian universities have significant difficulties. Three groups of the challenges are discovered that are faced today Ukrainian universities. All groups of problems mentioned above, which the higher educational institutions deal with, cause the worsening of their financial situation and result in the disadvantage of the national science and education. Expenditures on education and science are offered viewed as an investment in human capital and the country's economy. Such investments in the sphere of education have proved to be correct, because the reversible effect is seen. These are those countries, which are the leaders in the amount of GDP in the world. That is, the investments in education are justified for both the country and the individual. So, the system of higher education is very important for future economic development of Ukraine. But it doesn't have enough financial resources for successful existence. All this results in looking for the intensive means of financial support of the higher educational institutions, the most important of which can be financial diversification and broadening of the institution autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent develeopments ongoing global economy triggered to international competitiveness. In this manner, as major component of knowledge-based economy and intellectual capital, importance of human capital increased. Particularly, developed economies that realize the situation, encourage life-long education and learning to add value their human capital. Investors in People (IIP) was developed in 1990 by the National Training Task Force, with expert input from stakeholders, to set out a national framework aiming to link the processes of setting business objectives with staff development to improve business performance. The framework indicators were developed from an examination of the internal practices of some of the UK"s leading companies. (Gloster et al., 2010, 1) In addition to cover corporate priorities and purposes in public services, companies, SMEs and other foundations, IIP focuses human oriented management strategy by increasing motivation, developing skills and shares corporate vision and values with all level of workers in UK. IIP assumes that high level of workers motivation leads to improve corporate performance. In this study, we aim to research corporate functions and potential benefits of IIP by examining the examples of world countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information organization has been a way of facilitating information retrieval. Hence, different knowledge organization systems have been developed over the years. In today's world, information and knowledge-based economy are the competitive advantage of organizations and since knowledge organization systems are one of the pillars of the economy advantage, this paper sought to investigate the two knowledge organization systems: Dewey Decimal System to represent traditional systems and Folksonomy representing modern systems in economy advantage in libraries. The study sample of this paper is 4800 thesis of an academic library and the comparative method is used as research method of this study based on the value of information formula. The results of the study indicate that Folksonomy system is an economical knowledge organization system, much more economical than Dewey system. This article is an original study which has not been published before in any other publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea for replacement of capital by knowledge as the main source of progress provides ground for the idea of “knowledge-based economy”. This is an economic system in which knowledge appears to be a dominating resource in the same way as - in a former period of development - capital outweighed the land as a source of economic power during the shift from pre-industrial to industrial society. The paper outlines several groups of indicators that typically identify the degree of development of the knowledge-based economy: employment structure (relative shares of employed by economic sectors and sub-sectors, along with the change in these shares), education level (access to relevant professional and higher education; relative share of expenditures for education -general and vocational- in GDP), R&D (researchers by scientific areas; investments in R&D as % of GDP; structure of R&D funding, particularly the share of private funding), etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses some contributions of economic theory related to the knowledge economy, noting that, in this economy, wealth creation is associated with the development of intangibles based on competitive advantages. Intellectual capital as a valuable asset for organizations is valued, describing its attributes, components, and most significant elements, studying various models for this purpose, which are analyzed and evaluated. Intellectus Model describes the scope and flexibility in its application in any context, referring to the value they represent for organizations. The impact of the economy on international and Cuban experiences are exposed is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to highlight a series of specific features of strategic management, developed alongside the proliferation of the knowledge-based economy. The research was carried through the questionnaire method and looked at different phases of the strategic management process, among which we included the premises of creating the strategy, the major components of the strategy (objectives, resources) and the knowledge-based processes within an organisation. The sample that was used within the research was formed out of 120 persons and its statistical distribution was according to the characteristics of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to determine the necessary institutional characteristics of technology and human capital in Argentina, Costa Rica and Mexico in order to evolve towards a knowledge-based economy, addressing the importance of institutions for their development. In particular, the knowledge-based economy is analyzed from the perspective of bioeconomics. Based on the Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) which considers 148 indicators, in the following categories: a) economic performance and institutional regime; b) education and human resources, c) innovation, and d) information and communication technologies, we selected 13 indicators. We aim to identify the strengths and opportunities for these countries in order to meet the challenges that arise from the paradoxes of technological progress and globalization. In this sense, bioeconomy is approached as part of the economy. This analysis shows, among other things, that Argentina has greater potential to compete in an economy sustained in the creation and dissemination of knowledge, while Costa Rica has an institutional and regulatory environment that is more conducive to the development of business activities, and Mexico faces significant challenges regarding its institutional structure, economic performance and human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major objective of this article to attempt to show the model of a knowledge-based economy (KBE) as a stage in social, economic and institutional transformation, which has already been reached by highly developed economies. The research problem considered is examined against the background of the concepts A. Toffler's waves of civilization and, J.A. Schumpeter's waves of innovation with the use of the elements of historical and comparative analyses. The introduction outlines the context, objectives and the reasons for taking up the topic. The main part of the article presents the process of the evolution of the economy from a model of the agrarian economy, through the industrial and service-based economies to the knowledge-based economy and describes in detail the three stages of advancement of the knowledge-based economy with corresponding metrics. The last paragraph of the article presents the conclusions drawn from the analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]