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The article presents a case study of a 43-year-old female with pleomorphic parotid adenoma with intraoral extension. It discusses the management of difficult airway with the instrument of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, complication of locating the glottis and passage of fiberscope, epigastric thrusts rising the intragastric pressures.

The article presents a case study of a 2‑day‑old full‑term male neonate admitted for exploratory laparotomy for an uneventful vaginal delivery. It states the neonate was treated with anesthesia standard protocol wherein postoperative course was normal, but subsequently it was diagnosed with Grade II SGS (congenital subglottic stenosis) and corrective measure such as modified ETT (endotracheal tube) restored normalcy.

The article describes the case of a 40-year-old female patient with a history of fainting following a fall from bed and who developed temporo-parietal subdural hematoma because of long-term use of carbamazepine. The diagnosis is confirmed after performing noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the head, routine blood investigation, peripheral blood smear, and bone marrow aspiration. The occurrence of aplastic anemia as a result of carbamazepine use is discussed.

Nanomedicines refers to nanotechnology inspired pharmaceutical products often referred to as 'nanopharmaceuticals.' It has displayed commendable potential in enhancing therapeutic efficacy as well as in reducing the side effects associated with conventional drug counterpart. Recent years have monitored the entry of a large amount of nanomedicine in the market with an appreciable market share to date. Despite this, the development of nanomedicine is posing challenges (i.e., safety, regulatory hurdles, cost, scale-up issues, etc.) that need to be resolved for their market entry. This review presents a cross-sectional discussion on the nanomedicine-derived products available in the market for both clinical and diagnostic applications. An overview of its market potential, market size, and the products that are currently in the clinical stages is also provided. The review also expounds on the challenges faced by nano-drug products at the time of their commercialization. Unlabelled Image • Nanomedicines have displayed commendable potential in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. • Nanomedicine-derived products have entered the market with an appreciable market share • Current global nanomedicine market (US$ 293.1 billion) is growing at a CAGR of 14.0%. • Safety, cost, scale-up, and regulatory concerns must be addressed for clinical translation. • Review presents a cross-sectional discussion on nanomedicine-products for clinical and diagnostic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the issue of microbial contamination and catheter-related bloodstream infections that can occur during arterial cannulation and blood sampling. The authors propose a closed-loop sampling system using easily available accessories to address these issues. The system involves attaching a three-way connector, a needleless connector, and a 10cc leur lock syringe to the transducer system. The setup allows for sampling without opening the catheter system, reducing the risk of contamination. The authors suggest that this modification is cost-effective and has potential applications in various settings. [Extracted from the article]

Aim of the study: This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of various skin diseases in a tertiary care centre in rural setting. Material and Methods:- An observational community-based study was carried out at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai Etawah. Total 2562 patients including 1459 male and 1103 female participated in this study during2022-23 including male and female of different age groups. Inclusion criteria: person having sign of skin disease were included in the study Exclusion criteria: person who did not shown any sign of skin disease were excluded in the study Results: Our study showed that majority, 825 out of 2562, (about 32%) patients during the study were 50–70 years of age. Diabetes Miletus was found to be major underlying co-morbidities about 34.77% among the patients. Majority of infection was belonging to fungal infection i.e., 48.04% (number 1231) followed by viral infection i.e., 25.8%. Among non-infectious disease Contact Dermatitis (CD) was found to be 33.64% affecting 862 patients, followed by Eczema @20.25% affecting 519 patients and Bullous disorder was found in about 3.62% patients. Conclusion: Skin disease become one of the important public health concerns. Care and early treatment should be taken to avoid deep tissue involvement during skin infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilocytic astrocytomas are well-circumscribed, predominantly cystic mass lesions that have a discrete mural nodule. Giant, solid pilocytic astrocytoma is uncommon. Its characteristic imaging features are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncogenic osteomalacia (OOM) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome associated with mesenchymal tumours. It is characterised by phosphaturia, hypophosphataemia, decreased serum Vitamin D3 levels and severe osteomalacia. OOM-inducing tumours are usually benign, arising either from bone or soft tissue, with extremities and craniofacial region being the most common sites. Surgical resection of the tumour remains the mainstay of treatment. Challenges to an anaesthesiologist arise when such patients are planned for surgical resection of the underlying tumour. All the perioperative dilemmas are directly related to the severe hypophosphataemia. We describe three such cases of OOM and their perioperative management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery are recognised sites for arterial cannulation. This study aimed to compare the first-attempt success rates of cannulation along with other cannulation characteristics of these 2 arteries in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia using the conventional palpatory method. Methods: Two hundred twenty adults were allocated randomly into 2 groups. The dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery were attempted for cannulation in the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery group, respectively. First-attempt success rates, cannulation times, number of attempts, ease of cannulation, and complications were recorded. Results: Demographic characteristics, pulse characteristics, single-attempt success rates, ease of cannulation, reasons for failure, and complications were similar. Single-attempt success rates were similar (64.5% and 61.8%, P = .675) with equal median attempt. Easy cannulation (Visual Analogue Scale score =4) was the same in both groups, whereas percentages of difficult cannulation (Visual Analogue Scale scores =4) were 16.4% and 19.1% in the dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery groups, respectively. Cannulation time was lower in the dorsalis pedis artery group [median time in seconds: 37 (28, 63) seconds vs. 44 (29, 75) seconds, P = .027]. Single-attempt success rates were lower in the feeble pulse group as compared to the strong pulse group (48.61% vs. 70.27%, P = .002). Likewise, a higher Visual Analogue Scale of ease of cannulation (>4 score) was seen in the feeble pulse group compared to the strong pulse group (26.39% vs. 13.51%, P = .019). Conclusions: The single-attempt success rate was similar for both dorsalis pedis artery and posterior tibial artery. However, the time taken for cannulating the posterior tibial artery is significantly higher than that for dorsalis pedis artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragon fruit is a nutritious and wonderful exotic fruit cultivated throughout the arid regions of the globe, particularly Asian countries. The fruit with an attractive shape and magnificent color are refreshing with mouthwatering taste. It is abundant in vital nutritional ingredients viz. carotene, calcium, fiber, vitamin B, vitamin C, and phosphorous. The fruit is processed into numerous value-added products; however, that has been limited to small-scale processing industries. In addition to pulp processing, the utilization of by-products (peel, seed) will contribute to reducing waste disposal problems, imparts value to the product for food and other industrial applications. Further, extraction and application of bioactive compounds from fruit waste having the application for food fortification can enhance the overall efficacy of the process. This review highlights the technologies and processes adopted for the overall utilization of dragon fruit. Further to make rational usage of this valuable resource, systematic compilation and presentation of reported literature are required. Therefore, the present work was aimed towards the comprehensive utilization of this fruit through value addition approaches and by-product utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Exposure to ionising radiation to Anaesthesiology consultants, residents, technicians and nurses (Anaesthesiology personnel) is steadily increasing as a consequence of growing usage of imaging technology for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of Anaesthesiology professionals (consultants, residents, technicians and nursing staff) working in three major tertiary care medical institutes in northern India regarding the existing knowledge, attitudes and practices of radiation safety at their workplaces. Methods: A printed and validated 30-point questionnaire was distributed. Questions were graded into the domains of demographics (6 questions), knowledge (9 questions), attitude (4 questions) and practice (11 questions). Data obtained from the responses was collated and analysed statistically Results: Out of the 403 questionnaires distributed, 222 were returned completed (55%). Majority of the respondents were residents (53.60%) and males (57.20%). Many were unaware of the principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA), (70.7%) regarding collimators (65.85%) and their usage (41.9%). Maximum respondents stressed on the necessity of knowing the exposure dosage of radiations (89.2%) and were concerned regarding the same (87.8%). Lead apron was the commonest protection equipment and 97.3% of them were not using dosimeters. Highest levels of knowledge, attitude, and practices were demonstrated by the consultants. In terms of practices, the technicians fared better than the residents. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding radiation protection issues and doses of radiological procedures is limited. Although all the cadres scored high on their attitude scores, the practice sector requires improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With this backdrop, in present review, we have reemphasized the role of mitochondria in cancer progression and inhibition, highlighting the different targets that can be explored for targeting of disease. Moreover, we have also summarized different nanoparticulate systems that have been used for treatment of cancer via mitochondrial targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea surface temperature (SST) is a fundamental driver of tropical weather systems such as monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclones. However, understanding of the factors that control SST variability is lacking, especially during the monsoons when in situ observations are sparse. Here we use a ground-breaking observational approach to determine the controls on the SST variability in the southern Bay of Bengal. We achieve this through the first full closure of the ocean mixed layer energy budget derived entirely from in situ observations during the Bay of Bengal Boundary Layer Experiment (BoBBLE). Locally measured horizontal advection and entrainment contribute more significantly than expected to SST evolution and thus oceanic variability during the observation period. These processes are poorly resolved by state-of-the-art climate models, which may contribute to poor representation of monsoon rainfall variability. The novel techniques presented here provide a blueprint for future observational experiments to quantify the mixed layer heat budget on longer time scales and to evaluate these processes in models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation on preparation of ready-to-serve beverage from Aonla using sugar substitutes was conducted at ICAR-CIPHET, Abohar (Punjab) during 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in completely randomised design with three replications and four treatments viz., sucrose, aspartame, sucralose and stevia with 50% juice made by blending of 60% of aonla, 20% pomegranate and 20% aloe vera. The RTS beverage with no sugar was the control. Sugar substitutes were used in place of sugar based on sugar equivalents. The required quantities of juice, sugar substitutes, water and citric acid were calculated. Strained fruit juice and freshly prepared sugar syrup were mixed together in the proportion as per the recipes on weight basis. The prepared RTS beverages were stored up to six months and analysed for chemical composition and sensory quality attributes sensory quality attributes at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days intervals at ambient conditions. At the end of storage, RTS with stevia 4% was found best among all in term biochemical and sensory quality. During storage period, the TSS, acidity and total sugars increased, while pH, and ascorbic acid decreased. The RTS beverage had storage stability up to six months. The developed RTS could be recommended for the large scale production at industrial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of fossil leaves were collected from the Siwalik group of India and Nepal. Few of them possessing sufficient cuticle were identified on the basis of morphological and cuticular features (epidermal cells, stomatal density, stomatal index etc). They closely resembled with the extant taxa, Pterospermum acerifolium (Sterculiaceae), Dichapetolum gelonioides (Dichapetalaceae), Paranephelium mocrophyllum, P. xestophyllum (Sapindaceae), Gluto renghos (Anacardiaceae) and Mimusops elengi (Sapotaceae). The habit, habitat and present day distribution of the above modern comparable taxa suggest the prevalence of tropical humid environment during deposition of Siwalik sediments in the Sub-Himalayan zone. The extinction of the above comparable taxa (except Pterospermum acerifolium) from the Sub-Himalayan zone indicates the environmental change after Mio- Pliocene time. The epidermal and stomatal features of the fossil leaves collectively suggest the existence of a broad leaved mesophytic forest at low altitude having comparatively high humidity all along the Himalayan foot hills during 8-12 million years ago.