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Summary: Background: The relationship between depressive symptoms (DS) and their conversion patterns over time and the new-onset risk of diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population has not been extensively studied. Methods: Based on The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study participants in 2013, we established 13 cohorts involving 12 types of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, who were identified by face-to-face questionnaires. We retrospectively assessed their DS during 2011 and 2013 through the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), which were classified into never, newly developed, relieved, and persistent DS, and these participants were followed from 2013 to 2018. Findings: CES-D scores were new-onset risk factors for 9 diseases. The new-onset risk of diseases increased with higher CES-D scores. When CES-D scores were higher than approximately 6, the hazard ratios (HRs) of emergent diseases were greater than 1. DS was independent new-onset risk factors for 8 diseases, with HRs (95% CI) ranging from 1.2635 (1.0061–1.5867) to 1.5231 (1.0717–2.165). Persistent DS was an independent risk factor for most diseases but might be an independent protective factor for new-onset cancer (HR, 95% CI: 0.276, 0.106–0.723). Interpretation: DS is closely associated with new-onset risk of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, and awareness of the risk associated with pre-DS status (6

Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenolic compound with many health benefits. To assess the potential risk of long-term consumption of GA to gut health, healthy dogs were fed a basal diet supplemented with GA (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) for 45 d, and fecal microbiota and metabolomics were evaluated. This study demonstrated that GA supplementation regulated serum lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglyceride, fat digestibility, and Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio. In addition, the relative abundance of Parasutterella was significantly lower, and the SCFAs-producing bacteria were increased along with fecal acetate and total SCFAs contents accumulation in the 0.08% GA group. Metabolomics data further elucidated that 0.08% GA significantly affected carbohydrate metabolism by downregulating succinic acid in fece, thereby alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, this study confirmed the beneficial effects of long-term consumption of GA on lipid metabolism and gut health, and the optimal level of GA supplementation was 0.08%.

Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a classic swine fever pathogen, causes severe economic losses worldwide. Poly (rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which interacts with Npro of CSFV, plays a vital role in CSFV growth. We are the first to report the generation of PCBP1-deficient pigs via gene-editing technology. The PCBP1-deficient pigs exhibited normal birth weight and reproductive-performance traits and developed normally. Viral challenge experiments indicated that primary cells isolated from F0- and F1-generation pigs exhibited significantly reduced CSFV infection. Additional mechanistic exploration further confirmed that the PCBP1 deficiency-mediated antiviral effect is related to the activation of type I interferon (IFN). Besides showing that a gene-editing strategy could be used to generate PCBP1-deficient pigs, our study introduces a valuable animal model for further investigating the infection mechanisms of CSFV that will help to develop better antiviral solutions.

Flowering is the most studied ornamental trait in orchids where long vegetative phase may span up to three years. Cymbidium orchids produce beautiful flowers with astonishing shapes and pleasant scent. However, an unusually long vegetative phase is a major drawback to their ornamental value. We observed that under certain culture conditions, three cymbidium species (Cymbidium ensifolium, C. goeringii and C. sinense) skipped vegetative growth phase and directly flowered within six months, that could be a breakthrough for future orchids with limited vegetative growth. Hormonal and floral regulators could be the key factors arresting vegetative phase. Therefore, transcriptomic analyses were performed for leafless flowers and normal vegetative leaves to ascertain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to hormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene), floral integrators and MADS-box genes. A significant difference of cytokinin and floral regulators was observed among three species as compared to other hormones. The MADS-box genes were significantly expressed in the leafless flowers of C. sinense as compared to other species. Among the key floral regulators, CONSTANS and AGAMOUS-like genes showed the most differential expression in the leafless flowers as compared to leaves where the expression was negligible. However, CONSTANS also showed downregulation. Auxin efflux carriers were mainly downregulated in the leafless flowers of C. ensifolium and C. sinense, while they were upregulated in C. goeringii. Moreover, gibberellin and cytokinin genes were also downregulated in C. ensifolium and C. sinense flowers, while they were upregulated in C. goeringii, suggesting that species may vary in their responses. The data mining thus, outsources the valuable information to direct future research on orchids at industrial levels.

Biological control is a safe way of combating plant diseases using the living organisms. For the precise use of microbial biological control agents, the genetic information on the hypersensitive response (HR), and defense-related gene induction pathways of plants are necessary. Orchids are the most prominent stakeholders of floriculture industry, and owing to their long-awaited flowering pattern, disease control is imperative to allow healthy vegetative growth that spans more than 2 years in most of the orchids. We observed leaf-less flowering in three orchid species (Cymbidium ensifolium, C. goeringii and C. sinense). Using these materials as reference, we performed transcriptome profiling for healthy leaves from non-infected plants to identify genes specifically involved in plant-pathogen interaction pathway. For this pathway, a total of 253 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in C. ensifolium, 189 DEGs were identified in C. goeringii and 119 DEGs were found in C. sinense. These DEGs were mainly related to bacterial secretion systems, FLS2, CNGCs and EFR, regulating HR, stomatal closure and defense-related gene induction. FLS2 (LRR receptor-like serine/threonine kinase) contained the highest number of DEGs among three orchid species, followed by calmodulin. Highly upregulated gene sets were found in C. sinense as compared to other species. The great deal of DEGs, mainly the FLS2 and EFR families, related to defense and immunity responses can effectively direct the future of biological control of diseases for orchids.

BackgroundAnastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most serious postoperative complications. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of preoperative body composition for AL in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsWe first reviewed data from 3,681 patients who underwent radical CRC resection 2013–2021 in our hospital, and 60 patients were diagnosed with AL after surgery. We designed a nested case-control study and two controls were randomly selected for each case according to the time and position of surgery. Body composition was measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra based on computed tomography (CT) images. The risk factors of AL were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Nomogram was built using binary regression analysis and assessed for clinical usefulness, calibration, and discrimination.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, gender, blood glucose, nutrition risk screening (NRS), skeletal muscle area (SMA) and visceral fat area (VFA) were independent risk factors for developing anastomotic leakage after surgery. The prognostic model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.848 (95% CI, 0.781–0.914). The calibration curve showed good consistency between the predicted and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis indicated that patients with colorectal cancer can benefit from the prediction model.ConclusionsThe nomogram that combined with gender, blood glucose, NRS, SMA, and VFA had good predictive accuracy and reliability to AL. It may be conveniently for clinicians to predict AL preoperatively and be useful for guiding treatment decisions.

BackgroundInfluencing factors varied among gastric cancer (GC) for different differentiation grades which affect the prognosis accordingly. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to effectively identify the overall survival (OS).MethodsTotally, 9,568 patients with GC were obtained from the SEER database as the training cohort and internal validation cohort. We then retrospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with GC to construct the external validation cohort from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The prognostic factors were integrated into the multivariate Cox regression to construct a nomogram. To test the accuracy of the model, we used the calibration curves, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsRace chemotherapy, tumor size, and other four factors were significantly associated with the prognosis of Grade III GC Patients. On this basis, we developed a nomogram. The discrimination of the nomogram revealed good prognostic accuracy The results of the area under the curve (AUC) calculated by ROC for five-year survival were 0.828 and 0.758 in the training set and external validation cohort, higher than that of the TNM staging system. The calibration plot revealed that the estimated risk was close to the actual risk. DCA also suggested an excellent predictive value of the nomogram. Similar results were obtained in Grade-I and Grade-II GC patients.ConclusionsThe nomogram developed in this study and other findings could help individualize the treatment of GC patients and assist clinicians in their shared decision-making with patients.

Despite the significant progress that has been made in the genome sequencing of Beauveria species, mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) used to examine genetic diversity within fungal populations. Complete mitogenomes of Beauveria species can be easily sequenced and assembled using various sequencing techniques. However, since mitogenome annotations are mainly derived from similar species comparison and software prediction, and are not supported by RNA-seq transcripts data, it leads to problems with the accuracy of mitochondrial annotations and the inability to understand RNA processing. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of eight Beauveria strains using Illumina DNA and RNA sequencing data. The circular mitogenome of eight Beauveria strains ranged from 26,850 bp (B. caledonica strain ATCC 64970) to 35,999 bp (B. brongniartii strain GYU-BMZ03), with the intronic insertions accounting for most of the size variation, thus contributing to a total mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) size of 7.01% and 28.95%, respectively. Intron number variations were not directly related to the evolutionary relationship distance. Besides ribosomal protein S3 (rps3), most introns are lost too quickly and lack the stability of protein-coding genes. The short RNA-seq reads from next-generation sequencing can improve the mitochondrial annotation accuracy and help study polycistronic transcripts and RNA processing. The transcription initiation sites may be located in the control region. Most introns do not serve as taxonomic markers and also lack open reading frames (ORFs). We assumed that the poly A tail was added to the polycistronic transcript before splicing and one polycistronic transcript (trnM(1)-trnL(1)-trnA-trnF-trnK-trnL(2)-trnQ-trnH-trnM(2)-nad2-nad3-atp9-cox2-trnR(1)-nad4L-nad5-cob-trnC-cox1-trnR(2)-nad1-nad4-atp8-atp6-rns-trnY-trnD-trnS-trnN-cox3-trnG-nad6-trnV-trnI-trnS-trnW-trnP-rnl(rps3)-trnT-trnE-trnM(3)) was first processed from the mitogenome and was subsequently processed into smaller mono-, di-, or tricistronic RNAs.

Here, a Co-Metal Organic Framework/pre-hydrolysis (Co-MOF/pre-hydrolysis) solution carbon material is prepared by a mild and environmentally-friendly hydrothermal carbonization technique using a pulping pre-hydrolysis solution as the raw material and Co-MOF as the metal dopant. The stable hollow structure provide sufficient space for particle shrinkage and expansion, while the low density and large specific surface area of the long, hairy tentacle structure provide a greater contact area for ions, which shorten the transmission path of electrons and charges. The materials exhibit excellent specific capacitance (400 F/g, 0.5 A/g) and stability (90%, 10,000 cycles). The Change of different concentration ratios in the structures significantly affect the electrochemical performance. The specific surface area of the carbon materials prepared by ultra-filtration increased, but the specific surface area decrease as ultrafiltration concentration increase. The specific capacitance decrease from 336 F/g for C-ZIF-67-1/3 volume ultrafiltration to 258 F/g for C-ZIF-67-1/5 ultrafiltration. The results indicate that energy storage by the carbon materials relied on a synergistic effect between their microporous and mesoporous structures. The micropores provide storage space for the transmission of ions, while the mesopores provide ion transport channels. The separation of large and small molecules after ultrafiltration concentration limit the ion transmission and energy storage of the pores.

Abstract The search of direct-gap Si-based semiconductors is of great interest due to the potential application in many technologically relevant fields. This work examines the incorporation of He as a possible route to form a direct band gap in Si. Structure predictions and first-principles calculations show that He and Si, at high pressure, form four dynamically stable phases of Si2He (oP36-Si2He, tP9-Si2He, mC18-Si2He, and mC12-Si2He). All phases adopt host–guest structures consisting of a channel-like Si host framework filled with He guest atoms. The Si frameworks in oP36-Si2He, tP9-Si2He, and mC12-Si2He could be retained to ambient pressure after removal of He, forming three pure Si allotropes. Among them, oP36-Si2He and mC12-Si2He exhibit direct band gaps of 1.24 and 1.34 eV, respectively, close to the optimal value (~1.3 eV) for solar cell applications. Analysis shows that mC12-Si2He with an electric dipole transition allowed band gap possesses higher absorption capacity than cubic diamond Si, which makes it to be a promising candidate material for thin-film solar cell.

The quantum Hall effect can be used to study the physics of correlated systems and can reveal different features of the associated phase transitions. Here, the authors consider mass anisotropy and the impact on the phase transitions of quantum Hall charge density wave states in a 2D electron gas.

Surface plasmon resonance sensors have been widely used in various fields for label-free and real-time detection of biochemical species due to their high sensitivity to the refractive index change of the surrounding environment. The common practices to achieve the improvement of sensitivity are to adjust the size and morphology of the sensor structure. This strategy is tedious and, to some extent, limits the applications of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Instead, the effect of the incident angle of excited light on the sensitivity of a hexagonal Au nanohole array sensor with a period of 630 nm and a hole diameter of 320 nm is theoretically investigated in this work. By exploring the peak shift of reflectance spectra of the sensor when facing a refractive index change in (1) the bulk environment and (2) the surface environment adjacent to the sensor, we can obtain the bulk sensitivity and surface sensitivity. The results show that the bulk sensitivity and surface sensitivity of the Au nanohole array sensor can be improved by 80% and 150%, respectively, by simply increasing the incident angle from 0° to 40°. The two sensitivities both remain nearly unchanged when the incident angle further changes from 40° to 50°. This work provides new understanding of the performance improvement and advanced sensing applications of surface plasmon resonance sensors.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence suggests that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway plays a critical role in ASD pathogenesis; however, the precise pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. This study utilizes multi-omics approaches to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of ASD susceptibility genes within the IGF pathway. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a significant enrichment of rare variants in key IGF signaling components, particularly the IGF receptor 1 (IGF1R), in a cohort of Chinese Han individuals diagnosed with ASD, as well as in ASD patients from the SFARI SPARK WES database. Subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of cortical tissues from children with ASD demonstrated elevated expression of IGF receptors in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, suggesting a substantial impact on their development. Notably, IGF1R appears to mediate the effects of IGF2R on these neurons. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of brain organoids derived from ASD patients indicated a significant association between IGF1R and ASD. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses further identified ASD susceptibility genes that interact with and regulate IGF1R expression. In conclusion, IGF1R emerges as a central node within the IGF signaling pathway, representing a potential common pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic target for ASD. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the modulation of this pathway as a strategy for ASD intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel goose astrovirus (GAstV) has broken out across China in recent years, causing widespread damage to the poultry industry. In goslings infected with GAstV, the leading cause of death is visceral gout. However, our understanding of themechanismof gout formation in GAstV infection is largely inadequate. The aim of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of a GAstV strain and explore the molecular mechanisms of visceral gout caused by viral infection in goslings. The virulent GAstV strain HR2105/1 was effectively isolated from the visceral tissue of goslings in gout-affected areas. The whole genome of the HR2105/1 strain was sequenced and analyzed. Subsequently, we established a gosling goutmodels with experimental GAstV infection. Finally, we conducted a study on the mechanism of GAstV induced acute kidney injury. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequence showed that it was closely related to the strain circulating in China since 2016, and it was grouped within the GAstV-1 cluster. The clinical signs were reproduced by experimental infection of healthy goslings with the isolated strain andwere found to be similar to those reported in clinical cases. Moreover, the virus exhibits strong renal tropism. Infection with the GAstV strain HR2105/1 was found to cause acute kidney injury, as evidenced by increased levels of uric acid and creatinine as well as severe pathological damage. Mechanistic experiments with Masson and Picrosirius Red staining revealed fibrosis in renal tissues after GAstV infection. Furthermore, TUNEL staining revealed that GAstV infection triggered renal cell apoptosis. Additionally, RT-qPCR revealed that GAstV infection caused an excessive inflammatory response by upregulating the expression of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-b, and iNOS in renal tissues. Overall, our findings demonstrate that GAstV infection causes renal damage by inducing renal cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and excessive inflammatory response, which subsequently leads to hyperuricemia and lethal visceral gout formation. This is the first systematic study on the etiology of lethal gout in goslings caused by GAstV infection, and we believe that the findings can guide vaccine development and therapeutic targets for GAstVassociated renal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the level of atmospheric PM2.5 and its heavy metal pollution near the coal gangue mountain, this study analyzed the content of seven heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cr) and As through the PM2.5 samples from the vicinity of a large-scale coal gangue filed of Tongting coal mine in Huaibei, and evaluated the level of pollution, sources, and health effects. The results showed that during the sampling period, the average concentration of PM2.5 near the coal gangue field was 169.83 µg·m-3, which was 2.26 times that of the national air quality level II daily standard. The coal gangue field may be an important source of air pollution, with the degree of heavy metal and arsenic pollution in the order of Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg (extremely heavy pollution) > As, Cu (medium pollution) > Ni, Cr (light pollution) and coal gangue dust and mining dust contributed more. This study provides data for atmospheric particulate matter and heavy metal and arsenic pollution levels near coal gangue fields and provides a theoretical basis for air pollution prevention and control near coal gangue hills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optoelectronic synapses, leveraging the integration of classic photo-electric effect with synaptic plasticity, are emerging as building blocks for artificial vision and photonic neuromorphic computing. However, the fundamental working principles of most optoelectronic synapses mainly rely on physical behaviors while missing chemical-electric synaptic processes critical for mimicking biorealistic neuromorphic functionality. Herein, we report a photoelectrochemical synaptic device based on p-AlGaN/n-GaN semiconductor nanowires to incorporate chemical-electric synaptic behaviors into optoelectronic synapses, demonstrating unparalleled dual-modal plasticity and chemically-regulated neuromorphic functions through the interplay of internal photo-electric and external electrolyte-mediated chemical-electric processes. Electrical modulation by implementing closed or open-circuit enables switching of optoelectronic synaptic operation between short-term and long-term plasticity. Furthermore, inspired by transmembrane receptors that connect extracellular and intracellular events, synaptic responses can also be effectively amplified by applying chemical modifications to nanowire surfaces, which tune external and internal charge behaviors. Notably, under varied external electrolyte environments (ion/molecule species and concentrations), our device successfully mimics chemically-regulated synaptic activities and emulates intricate oxidative stress-induced biological phenomena. Essentially, we demonstrate that through the nanowire photoelectrochemical synapse configuration, optoelectronic synapses can be incorporated with chemical-electric behaviors to bridge the gap between classic optoelectronic synapses and biological synapses, providing a promising platform for multifunctional neuromorphic applications. Integrating chemical-electric behaviors into optoelectronic synapses holds promise for several applications. Here, the authors report a photoelectrochemical synapse with dual-modal plasticity and chemically-regulated neuromorphic functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of cell death that is substantially conserved across the evolutionary tree. Apoptotic cell elimination includes recognition, phagocytosis, and degradation. Failure to clear apoptotic cells can ultimately cause a series of human diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Consequently, the timely and effective removal of apoptotic cells is crucial to maintaining the body's homeostasis. GPCRs belong to the largest membrane receptor family. Its intracellular domain exerts an effect on the trimer G protein. By combining with a variety of ligands, the extracellular domain of G protein initiates the dissociation of G protein trimers and progressively transmits signals downstream. Presently, numerous G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified as participants in the apoptosis signal transduction pathway and the apoptotic cell clearance pathway. Therefore, studies on the mechanism of GPCRs in the clearance of apoptotic cells is important for the development of GPCRs therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a natural sulfur-containing organic substance that has many biological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin nourishing, and hair growth-promoting effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of MSM supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and hair quality in kittens. A total of 21 Ragdoll kittens were assigned to three diets by initial body weight and gender: basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.2%, and 0.4% MSM (CON, LMSM, and HMSM groups) for 65 days. During the whole period, the food intake of kittens in the MSM-treated groups tended to be higher (P < 0.10) compared with the CON group, and the average daily gain (ADG) had no significant difference when compared to the kittens in the CON group (P > 0.05). Antioxidant capacity had no significant difference (P > 0.05) among the groups. The scale thickness of hair tended to be smaller in the LMSM group compared to the CON group (P < 0.10) and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) over time from d 0 to d 65 in the LMSM group, indicating the improvement of hair quality. Besides, supplementation with LMSM increased bacterial diversity. Kittens fed MSM had no significant differences in fecal genus at the end of the study. No significant differences in fecal short-chain fatty acids were observed among groups. Fecal metabolomics analysis further revealed that MSM hardly affected the metabolites. Overall, dietary supplementation with 0.2% MSM can improve the hair quality of kittens. Furthermore, 0.2∼0.4% of MSM had no detrimental effects on serum biochemistry, growth performance, gut microbiota, and metabolome, which supports the safety inclusion of MSM to a certain degree in feline diets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of MSM supplementation in cats.

Precipitation variability and nitrogen (N) deposition caused by anthropogenic activities could profoundly impact ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. In desert ecosystems, vegetation is sensitive to changes in precipitation and N deposition. However, the impacts of large changes in precipitation, especially with a concurrent increase in N content, on plant community remain unclear. In this study, we carried out experiments to monitor the impacts of five precipitation levels and two N levels on the plant community function and composition from the Junggar desert in Central Asia during the period 2018–2019. Our results showed that: (1) Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) significantly increased with increasing precipitation, it followed a positive linear model under normal precipitation range, and nonlinear mode under extreme precipitation events; (2) N application led to an increase in ANPP, but did not significantly improve the sensitivity of ANPP to precipitation change; (3) Changes in N content and precipitation, and their impacts on ANPP were mainly driven by plant density. These results provide a theoretical basis for predict the future dynamics of terrestrial vegetation more accurately under climate change and increasing nitrogen deposition.

Abstract Single crystal metal‐free halide perovskites have received great attention in recent years owing to their excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. However, the nanotoxicity and piezoelectricity within the nanoscale of such materials have yet been reported for the demonstration of practical applications. In this work, the observation of intrinsic piezoelectricity in metal‐free perovskite (MDABCO‐NH4I3) films using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is reported. A cytotoxicity test is also performed on MDABCO‐NH4I3 to evaluate its low‐toxic nature. The as‐synthesized MDABCO‐NH4I3 is further integrated into a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The MDABCO‐NH4I3‐based PENG (MN‐PENG) exhibits optimal output voltage and current of 15.9 V and 54.5 nA, respectively. In addition, the MN‐PENG can serve as a self‐powered strain sensor for human–machine interface applications or be adopted in in vitro electrical stimulation devices. This work demonstrates a path of perovskite‐based PENG with high performance, low toxicity, and multifunctionality for future advanced wearable sensors and portable therapeutic systems.

To achieve the national carbon-peak and carbon-neutral strategic development goals, it is necessary to build power systems dominated by renewable and sustainable energy. The future power system with a high proportion of renewable and sustainable energy is required to have large-scale, low-cost, flexible, and adjustable resources. To this end, this article aggregates user-side distributed energy storage and electric vehicles into a virtual power plant, considering the uncertainty of wind power fluctuations and the uncertainty of electric vehicle charging and discharging to establish a day-ahead and intra-day peak regulation model for combined peak regulation of virtual and thermal power plants. The bounding algorithm seeks the optimal strategy for the two-stage model of joint peak regulation and obtains the day-ahead and intra-day two-stage optimal peak regulation strategy. The simulation example shows that the virtual power plant and its day-ahead and intra-day optimal peak regulation strategy can reduce the peak regulation cost of the power system, as compared with the deep peak regulation of thermal power plants with a special supporting energy storage power station. This work provides a global perspective for virtual power plants to participate in the formulation of power system peak regulation rules.