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351. Experimental Investigation of Exhaust Emission Reduction in a CI Engine by Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Blended Methyl-Esterified Neem Oil Biodiesel

Author

G. Shaik Usmansha, R. Rejumon, K. Senthil Kumar, S. Dhanesh, and Praveen Maruthur

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Thermal efficiency, Diesel fuel, Biodiesel, Neem oil, Materials science, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Biofuel, Titanium dioxide, Diesel engine, NOx
Abstract

This experimental work is attempted to analyze the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) blended into neem oil-based biodiesel mixture, and tested in CI engine. The experiment focuses on emission reduction along with performance enhancement of CI engine when powered with a bio fuel mixture into which a nanoparticle is blended in. Nanparticle TiO2, is mixed into the neem oil biodiesel (B20) in two quantities: one is 200 ppm and other is 400 ppm. The test fuels used are neat diesel, B20, B20 + 200 ppm TiO2, B20 + 400 ppm TiO2. The test fuel has gone through high speed blending and stabilized using ultrasonic bath stabilization. The major result expected from this experimental study was emission reduction particularly of CO, HC and it is found to be less. Obviously, due to use of biodiesel, the NOx emission is on the higher side compared to neat diesel fuel and addition of TiO2 has reduced NOx emission.

Published
2021
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352. A STUDY OF BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE WITH RESPECT TO INVESTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF HOUSING FINANCE

Author

Dr. Regis Arunodayam Dominic Savio and K. Senthil Velan

Subjects
Behavioural Finance, Housing Finance& Investor Behaviour
Abstract

The Field of Behavioural finance investigates the cognitive factors that impact the decision making process of Investors of housing finance. This paper highlights general aspects of behavioural finance in the context of housing finance. There has been considerable debates on the role played by Behavioural finance in the Housing Market. Housing assumes significant importance. In terms of income multiplier, housing sector ranks fourth and is ahead of other sectors like transport and agriculture. The phenomena being witnessed in the stock market have led to time tested avenues of investment like real estate with significant appreciation over the years as a safer bet and a hedge against inflation. The present study aims to study the financial behaviour of investors in the context of housing finance The Research design adopted is Descriptive research. Cross sectional research design was used in the descriptive research. Non Probability sampling procedure is adopted in the study. In total 5 Major Public sector Financial Institutions and the Sample size wa1s 300 Investors have been chosen for the study. A Schedule was administered to 80 executives of Public Sector Housing Financial Institutions. The Choice criteria were based on the number of persons taking loans from the major financial Institutions which varied considerably. Secondary Data was collected from various Reports, Manuals, Journals and Reports of Public sector Bank and Public limited Housing companies. Statistical tools like Chi square tests was applied. It is found that housing investors do not always adhere to rationality and are influenced by emotions. . The paper concludes with the recommendations like loss aversion behaviour in terms of competitive pricing in terms of lower interest rates and improving credit delivery mechanism which will enable the housing financial institutions to withstand competition. This paper will form the basis of more advanced research in the field of behavioural finance with reference to Housing finance, {"references":["1.\tArnott, R., A General Equilibrimum Model of Housing Quality & Quantity. Regional Science & Urban Economic, Vol29, No 3, May 99. 2.\tBrown G.( 19192) .Valuation Accuracy: Developing the economic issues, Journal of property Research, 9(3),199-207 3.\tBeston, George J., The relationship between the demand & supply of Home financing and neighbourhood characters ties Journal of Financial services Research, Vol 5, 2000 pp235-260. 4.\tBoulding, Kenneth.E.\"Implications of General Economics of more realistic Theories of the firm\". American Economic Review 2000.32.41. 5.\tckley,R., Housing Finance in Developing countries, Economic Development and Cultural Change,42, pp314-332. 6.\tBudack, John; Forbes, Shawn; Whitaker, William; Wilhite, Anen, Market size, Pricing strategies 7.\tCanner, Glenn B., Redlining and mortgage lending pattern for housing, Research in Urban Economic, 2000. 8.\tChandhri,I., Institutional Intermediation for Channelising Private Savings for House Constructions, Housing Finance in India – Vol I, 1989, pp-110-122. 9.\tChandrasekhara, C.S., Mass effort by Private Sector in Housing, Housing Finance in India, Vol-I, 1989, pp110-122. 10.\tGalimore, P (2004), Behavioural Real estate research retrieved from htttp: //construction.ntu.ac.uk/gra duate_school /researc /property 11.\tMehta, Dinesh and Pushpa Pathak. 1998 \"Financing of Urban Services in India: A Case for Appropriate Pricing and Cost Recovery\". Habitat International 22 (4): 484-502. 12.\tShillere, Rober, 2007. \"Understanding Recent trends in House prices and 13.\tHomroenrtdhip.\"Paper presented at the Fedral reserve bak of Kansas city conference at Jackson Hole"]}

Published
2020
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354. Effect of constant current and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding process on microstructure and mechanical properties of superalloy 59 joints

Author

Sivakumar N, B Sanjay Gandhi, K Senthil Kumar, and B Arulmurugan

Subjects
Biomaterials, Polymers and Plastics, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

This research paper investigates the microstructure, microsegregation and mechanical behaviour of Ni-based superalloy 59 which is an important candidate in the pollution control application. The weld joints were produced with continuous current gas tungsten arc welding (CCGTAW) and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) by applying both autogenous mode and filler wire ERNiCrMo-13. Weld flaws and weld aspect ratio of weld joints were identified using a macro analysis. An optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the microstructure of the welded joints. PCGTA weldments exposed refined grain structure, reduced heat-affected zone and narrow weld bead compared to CCGTAW. Microsegregation of the alloying elements at the weld center (WC) and weld interface (WI) was examined using Energy Dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The findings of the metallurgical characterisation proved that the PCGTA weldments offer minimal microsegregation at the interdendritic region in comparison to CCGTA weldments. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) examination reveals that there is a 16.7% enhancement in grain refinement in the autogenous mode and a 17.4% improvement in the filler wire ERNiCrMo-13 when switching from CCGTA to PCGTA welding. Tensile, Charpy impact and microhardness tests were used to assess the strength, toughness and hardness of the weld joints. Weld joints fabricated by PCGTAW offers higher tensile strength (∼1.4 to 1.6%), higher toughness (∼4.4 to 5.4%), and higher hardness (∼4.8 to 7.7%) than CCGTAW weld joints.

Published
2022
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355. Marking and Traceback Algorithm for IP Traceback with Bitwise Operator

Author

Kumar, S. Sampath, Prithiv, M., Kumar, S. Ravi, Kumar, K. Senthil, and Vishnu, K.

Abstract

Forswearing of Service (DoS) and Denial of Service (DDoS) assaults are not kidding strings to the Internet. The recurrence of DoS and DDoS assaults is expanding step by step. Computerized instruments are additionally accessible that empower non-specialized individuals to carry out such assaults without any problem. Consequently, it isn't simply essential to forestall such assaults, yet additionally need to traceback the aggressors. Following back the wellspring of the assaults, which is known as an IP traceback issue is a difficult issue due to the stateless idea of the Internet and parodied Internet Protocol (IP) bundles. Various Internet Protocol traceback strategies present, yet they are have constraints like quantity of bundles needed or capacity computational workloads brought about at switches. A thought of an improved bundle stamping and traceback calculation for IP traceback to recognize an aggressor that works with the traceback of the parodied parcel to its starting point is proposed. The procedure proposed decreases computational time.

Published
2023
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356. Development of non-contact optical device for monitoring neonatal jaundice based on the skin colour of the upper trunk using skin reflectometry

Author

Kumar, K. Vignesh, Periyasamy, R., Kumar, K. Senthil, Chelliah, D. Suresh, and Senguttuvan, D.

Abstract

Jaundice occurs in new born babies within a few days of birth due to elevated bilirubin levels in the blood and also the most common causes of hospital admission of young infants. In general, skin colour changes in new born are visually assessed and total serum bilirubin (TSB) level are measured through blood sampling method for identifying the severity of jaundice. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) is often preferred as an alternative method to avoid frequent blood sampling. However, this method has a challenge in dealing with neonates in countries of the Indian subcontinent where babies have distinctive skin colour. Hence the aim of this paper was to develop a non-invasive, non-contact handheld optical device (460 nm LED light source and a photodiode) to measure bilirubin concentration in neonates of Indian subcontinent based on the skin reflectance. The device was tested with mock bilirubin samples (n= 8), human blood serum samples (n= 8) and on neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (n= 39). The results were validated with TSB value and positive correlation factor of R= 0.95 to 0.99 was observed between TcB and TSB by applying first order linear regression analysis. Therefore, the proposed indigenously developed device was successfully detected the jaundice by estimating the bilirubin concentration in neonates based on skin reflectance.

Published
2023
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357. A Compact Repetitive Marx Generator for Generating Intense Electron Beams for HPM Sources

Author

U., Shanmuganathan, K., Saket, Kumar, S. Senthil, Das, M. K., Nekkanti, S., Gupta, S. K., K., Senthil, and Nallasamy, V.

Abstract

A 500 kV, 80 Hz repetition rate compact Marx generator has been designed and developed for producing high intense relativistic electron beams for high-power microwave (HPM) sources. This Marx generator comprises eight bipolar stages (16 stages of unipolar) using energy storage capacitors for achieving improved performance in repetition mode operation. The maximum charging voltage per stage is 50 kV, producing an erected voltage of 800 kV. However, the load voltage will vary according to the impedance of the load connected across the generator. Custom-designed energy storage capacitors were developed to allow voltage reversal of up to 30%–50%, enabling the system to deliver a higher current. A small pulse transformer-based triggering unit with an output voltage of 30 kV was used for triggering the generator. The system’s performance was tested in pulse repetition frequency (PRF) mode with resistive and diode loads and achieved a repetition rate of 80 Hz. An energy density of ~460 J/m3 was achieved in the developed system. A vircator device was connected and tested to benchmark the Marx generator for its repetitive and burst mode operations. The test results show the measured RF output power of 100 MW.

Published
2023
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363. Enhanced Electron-accepting Properties in Polyaniline, Tungsten, and Polymer Nanocomposites

Author

J., Jesbin Jebarshia, S., Ashokan, and K., Senthil

Abstract

Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI), Tungsten oxide (WO3), and PANI:WO3nanocomposites are prepared by a simple chemical synthesis method and samples are characterized by various characterization. techniques. SEM analysis showed that the WO3nanoparticles have a strong effect on the morphology of the nanocomposites. The PANI composite exhibited distinctive spherical, granular, and organism-like structures, indicating successful synergistic interactions between PANI and WO3. Elemental analysis confirmed the formation of pure WO3nanoparticles. The XRD pattern exhibits distinct peaks at 27.6° and 32.5°, which correspond to the (2 0 1) and (0 2 2) planes of WO3, respectively. These peaks indicate an anorthic crystal structure. The observed peak positions are in good agreement with the standard values provided in JCPDS Card nos. 83–0947 and 72–0677, confirming the accurate determination of the crystal structures. Optical emission and UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed changes in electronic transitions and band structures, indicating semiconducting behavior of the PANI nanocomposites. Notably, the direct band gap energy of the PANI composite was found to be 3.84 eV, compared to the band gap energies of pure PANI and WO3at 4.26 eV. This observed decrease in band gap energy further suggests enhanced semiconducting properties of the composite. FT-IR spectroscopy highlighted common bonding characteristics, affirming the effective integration of PANI and WO3. Electrical studies unveiled enhanced charge carrier mobility, promising advanced electronic applications. The synthesized samples are evaluated for their antibacterial properties against Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium. The results demonstrate significant bactericidal activity, as evidenced by the clear zones of inhibition measuring approximately 11–13 mm in diameter.

Published
2024
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364. Mitigation of Carbon Dioxide Gas from a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Honge Biodiesel for Agriculture

Author

S. Rajkumar, S. Lakshmana Kumar, K. Senthil Kumar, K. Shanmugavel, and K. Muralidharan

Subjects
Smoke, Biodiesel, Brake specific fuel consumption, Materials science, Waste management, Biofuel, Combustion chamber, Diesel engine, Combustion, NOx
Abstract

This paper investigates the mitigation level of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas released from a direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with honge biodiesel fuel suitable for agriculture. This study involves the use of thermal barrier coating on diesel engine combustion chamber components so that heat loss through the coolant can be kept minimum thereby improving engine combustion and emission characteristics when honge biodiesel blends are used as an alternate fuel. Experimental results depicted lesser BSFC with a significant reduction of emissions CO, HC, smoke, and slight increase of NOx and CO2 gas for fuels tested in the coated engine. Of various biofuel blends tested, blend B15 showed a significant reduction in CO of about 50%, HC of 26.5%, smoke of 20% with slightly higher values of 2.37% NOx, and 5.17% of CO2 at 230 bar in the coated engine at full load condition compared with an uncoated engine. The presence of oxygen and high in-cylinder temperature condition prevailed in coated engine enhances the combustion process in biodiesel blend B15 resulting in improved combustion at this operating condition. A retrofit kit was developed to separate CO2 gas from engine exhaust through chemical absorption technique. The separated CO2 in gaseous form was stored in cylinders.

Published
2020
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365. Multivariate statistical tool to analyse the environmental magnetic data in Ponnai River Sand, Tamil Nadu

Author

C. K. Senthil Kumar and A. Chandrasekaran

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, River sand, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Soil Science, Sieve analysis, Sampling (statistics), Geology, Soil science, Environmental pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Silt, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Magnetic susceptibility, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, 020801 environmental engineering, symbols.namesake, symbols, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Multivariate statistical, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

In the recent years, an environmental pollution plays a major role in the developing countries. In this study, the magnetic susceptibility meter was used to measure the low and high frequency susceptibilities to assess the ferromagnetic behaviour of Ponnai River Sand, Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study, all samples show that low frequency magnetic susceptibilities (χlf) are slightly greater than the high frequency magnetic susceptibilities (χhf). The textural characteristics, such as sand, silt and clay percentage were determined by mechanical sieve analysis. The content of the sand is varied from 78 to 92.30% with mean values of 84.46 whereas silt content varied from 6.20 to 21.50% with mean value of 14.20. The results show that sand concentration was dominated in all the sampling locations. Moreover content of sand, silt and clay is not altered by anthropogenic activities in the study area. In order to study the relation between textural characteristics and magnetic susceptibility, all the data were treated using multivariate statistical techniques such as factor analysis (FA), Pearson correlation (PC) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to evaluate the anthropogenic inputs. Based on the obtained results, most of the samples show that moderate distribution of ferromagnetic minerals in the study area due to anthropogenic activities.

Published
2020
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366. Evaluation of the diagnostic potential and DIVA capability of recombinant LigBCon1-5 protein of

Author

S K, Behera, T C, Sabarinath, Y, Deneke, S K, Bansal, K, Mahendran, A, Kumar, K, Senthil, M R, Verma, S, ChandraSekar, and S, Atif Ali

Subjects
Original Article
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Canine leptospirosis is a serious public health concern. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of conserved first to fifth domains of recombinant Leptospira immunoglobulin like protein B antigen (rLigBCon1-5) as a serodiagnostic marker for detecting canine leptospirosis. METHODS: A total of 340 unvaccinated canine serum samples were screened using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and rLigBCon1-5 based immunoglobulin G (IgG) indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Further, 60 vaccinated canine sera were screened using MAT and rLigBCon1-5 based latex agglutination test (LAT). RESULTS: Microscopic agglutination test results revealed seropositivity of 28.6%. The relative sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of IgG I-ELISA in comparison to MAT were 100%, 96.0%, and 97.2%, respectively. Out of 60 vaccinated sera, 46 sera reacted with MAT alone, and eight sera reacted by both tests, while six sera were non-reactive with both tests. Anti-LigB antibodies were detected in eight canine sera by rLigBCon1-5 based LAT. In five LAT reactive sera, agglutinins of locally circulating Leptospira serovars Grippotyphosa (n=4) and Australis (n=1) were detected. In three LAT reactive sera, agglutinins against Icterohaemorrhagiae (n=3) produced due to natural infection were present. CONCLUSION: Immunoglobulin G based indirect ELISA assay (IgG I-ELISA) can be employed as an alternative test instead of MAT. rLigBCon1-5 based LAT detected anti-LigB antibodies in eight vaccinated sera where the vaccine failure occurred partially or totally due to the limited efficacy spectrum of Nobivac(®) RL and cold chain breakage. This vaccine could not provide cross-protection against locally circulating Leptospira serovars. The recombinant LigBCon1-5 antigen based LAT possesses capability of differentiating infected from vaccinated individuals (DIVA capability) when employed as a pen-side test for detecting canine leptospirosis.

Published
2020

367. Numerical Studies on Safeguarding of Cantilever Retaining Structures by Sustainable Backfilling Materials

Author

K. Senthil, A. P. Singh, and Ankush Thakur

Subjects
Shear (sheet metal), Cantilever, Settlement (structural), Lateral earth pressure, Geotechnical engineering, Retaining wall, Geology, Lateral displacement, Finite element method, Copper slag
Abstract

Three-dimensional finite element investigations have been carried out to study the response of retaining structures against lateral earth pressure due to various backfilling materials in order to understand the efficiency of backfilling materials. The behavior of reinforced concrete wall against different backfill soil materials such as sandy soil, clay soil, varying percentage of copper slag along with clay soil and shredded tyre were studied. The elastic behavior of concrete, steel reinforcement bar, sandy soil, clay soil, copper slag, and shredded tyre has been incorporated through elastic model. The behaviors of concrete and backfill material were modeled using suitable material parameters available in literature and identified through detailed literature. The behavior of each element of the wall, i.e., stem, heel, toe, and the shear key against varying sustainable backfill was studied in detail. The lateral displacement, vertical settlement, and stresses developed in each component of the retaining wall were studied and finally the suitable backfill material was identified.

Published
2020
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368. Secure and Fault-tolerant Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Author

Dodla Sidhartha, B. S. Bindhumadhava, Katta Jagan Mohan, R. K. Senthil Kumar, and Lagineni Mahendra

Subjects
Engineering, Electric power system, Smart grid, business.industry, GSM, Fault tolerance, General Packet Radio Service, Grid, business, Load profile, Data transmission, Computer network
Abstract

A Smart grid consists of many digital operations that bring the grid into an intelligent system. One of the key components in the smart grid is the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). AMI helps to acquire the data from Interface Energy Meters (IEMs), which are geographically dispersed across substations. AMI includes Interface Energy Meters, data concentrator units, IT infrastructure and various communication mediums for meter data transfer like Power-line communication carries (PLCC), Fiber Optics, Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), GSM/GPRS/3G/4G, etc. Instantaneous profile, event profile, load profile and billing profile of meter data is used for load and renewable energy forecasting, scheduling, outage management, power system planning and efficient management of power grid. Any fault/error in AMI components leads to data unavailability. The Communication between the IEMs and control center is vulnerable for various communication channel attacks like meter spoofing attack, authentication attacks, Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attacks, reply attacks, etc. High availability, reliability and integrity of meter data are a need of the hour for efficient management of power systems operations. The proposed solution helps to achieve fault-tolerant AMI with high-secure data communication between IEMs and control centers by retaining interoperability.

Published
2020
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369. Synthesis, growth, optical, mechanical, thermal, dielectric and third order nonlinear optical properties of cyclohexylamine derivative single crystals

Author

A. Senthil, K. Elangovan, G. Vinitha, and K. Senthil

Subjects
Chemistry, Crystal system, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Crystal, Thermal stability, Z-scan technique, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, Single crystal, Spectroscopy, Powder diffraction, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

The materials of Cyclohexylamine with 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid were used to synthesize the bis(cyclohexylammonium)-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (CA15NS) and bis(cyclohexylammonium)-3,5-dinitrosalicylate (CA35NS) compounds and single crystals of these compounds were grown successfully by low temperature solution growth technique. Crystal systems of the samples were identified for both the samples of CA15NS and CA35NS by the obtained unit cell parameters of the grown crystals which is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis, the crystals of CA15NS and CA35NS are crystallized in monoclinic crystal structures. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis also was carried out for the title samples. The formations of the charge-transfer functional groups and the modes of vibrations of CA15NS and CA35NS have been confirmed by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analyses. The UV–Vis-NIR spectrum was carried out to find the optical behavior of the prepared crystals. The crystal of CA15NS has 232 nm and CA35NS has 207 nm as cut-off wavelength. The influences of mechanical and dielectric behavior in the crystals of CA15NS and CA35NS were investigated by means of Vickers microhardness test and dielectric study, respectively. By the thermo gravimetric analyses, the stability of the materials have been estimated for the title samples. Third order nonlinear optical study has also been studied by Z-scan technique.

Published
2020

371. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study

Author

Jayakumar Saikarthik, K Senthil Kumar, M. Ardhanaari, Ilango Saraswathi, Raghunath Gunapriya, and Kumar Madhan Srinivasan

Subjects
Longitudinal study, Epidemiology, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Psychiatry and Psychology, Anxiety, Family income, Stress, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, PSQI, Undergraduate medical students, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Depression (differential diagnoses), education.field_of_study, Depression, business.industry, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, COVID-19, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Science and Medical Education, Sleep quality, Mental health, Public Health, medicine.symptom, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, DASS21, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. Undergraduate medical students are especially prone to mental health disorders and hence could be more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 217 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Chennai, India. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were recorded using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS21) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in India in December 2019 and June 2020, respectively. In the follow-up survey, in addition to DASS21, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 related stressors were used. The self-administered questionnaire assessed the status of COVID-19 testing, interactions with COVID-19 patients, self-perceived levels of concerns and worries related to academics (COVID-19-AA (academic apprehensions)) and those pertaining to the self and family/friends (COVID-19-GA (general apprehensions)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of overall scores of depression, anxiety, and stress and scores stratified by gender, year of study, place of residence and monthly family income were performed. Predictors for depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 were investigated using adjusted binary logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The average scores of depression, anxiety, and stress during the baseline survey were 7.55 ± 7.86, 4.6 ± 6.19 and 7.31 ± 7.34 with the prevalence (95% Cl) of 33.2% [27–39.9%], 21.2% [16–27.2%] and 20.7% [15.5–26.7%]; in follow-up survey, the mean scores were 8.16 ± 8.9, 6.11 ± 7.13 and 9.31 ± 8.18 with the prevalence being 35.5% [29.1–42.2%], 33.2% [27–39.9%] and 24.9% [19.3–31.2%] for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. There was a significant increase in both the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress (P < 0.001), with depression remaining unchanged during COVID-19, irrespective of gender, year of study, place of residence and family’s monthly income. Poor sleep quality, higher levels of baseline depression, anxiety, and stress, higher COVID-19-GA, COVID-19 patients in family/friends and direct interactions with COVID-19 patients were found to be significant predictors of negative mental health in undergraduate medical students. COVID-19-AA was not significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the undergraduate medical students with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress being increased, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population is crucial.

Published
2020

372. AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF BORROWERS PERCEPTION REGARDING AWARENESS OF HOUSING FINANCE PARAMETERS

Author

Dr. Regis Arunodayam Dominic Savio and K. Senthil Velan

Subjects
Housing Parameters & Housing Finance
Abstract

The Indian Housing Finance Market witnessed dramatical changes as a result of Policy initiatives, characterized by institutional build up, technological advancements, modernization and transparent practices. The change in the Housing Finance Market is also reflected in the increased number of Borrowers. Inspite of the developments in the Housing Finance Market, many low income borrowers continue to keep away due to prevalence of uncertainity in their income and investment knowledge and affordability criteria.This calls for the attention of the government and policy makers to understand the factors influencing the Housing Finance Market operations which enable them to decide the options. In effect, it can be reasoned that a prospective borrower is faced with the problem of choice in his attempt to access a housing loan. Which factors would affect his ultimate choice of a housing loan from available financing sources? This paper aims to examine the awareness level of the Borrowers with respect to different housing parameters., {"references":["1.\tCedric Pugh, \"Housing and Urbanisation\", A study of India, Sage publications, New Delhi, 2000. 2.\tCherunilam. F and O. D. Huggade, Housing in India, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay 2002. 3.\tCole G. D. Hm \"A century of Co-operation, Co-operative union Limited, 2004 4.\tDarkakis, Smith, David, \"Urbanisation Housing and Development Process, Croom Helm, London 2001. 5.\tDevendara B Gupta, Samat Kaul and Rita Pandey, \"Housing and Indian Urban Poor, Anand Publications, New Delhi 2002. 6.\tDuncan Maclen, \"Housing Economics, Longman group publications, London, 2000. 7.\tHeinemann Arnold, Housing growth in India: New Delhi, 2000. 8.\tJayaraman & R.S. Siandhu \"Housing in India-Problems, Policy & Perspectives, Sandeep Prints New Delhi\",Tata Macgraw Hill 9.\tKumar O.M.\"Sites and services in Urban Housing in India ESS, Publications, New Delhi. 10.\tKumar. T. K, \"Residual Housing Policy in India-Some conceptual issues and potential areas of research,' Research Report sponsored by ICSSR, New Delhi. 11.\tSarma K.P.R.N, \"Housing finance in India\". Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi. 12.\tAffordable Housing loan, ational Association of Affordable Housing Lenders, 2000. 13.\tArnott, R., A General Equilibrimum Model of Housing Quality & Quantity. Regional Science & Urban Economic, Vol29, No 3, May 99. 14.\tAsari, P.N., Housing situation, Yojana, Vol.43: No.3, March 1999, pp-21-25. 15.\tBedi, H.L., Hardikar, V.K., Housing & Urban Development Finance Corporation, Practial Banking Advances, 9th Edition, 2002, pp-89. 16.\tBeston, George J., The relationship between the demand & supply of Home financing and Neighbourhood Charactersties Journal of Financial services Research, Vol 5, 2000 pp235-260. 17.\tBiorklund, Kicki, Property cycles, Journal of Real Estate Research, 1999, Vol.18 No.1, pp151-144. 18.\tBrown G.R., Property investment & performance measurement: A reply, Journal of valuation, 1986, 4:1. 19.\tBrown J., Song H., Forecasting UK House prices, Economic and labour relation Review, Vol8, No2, Dec 1994. 20.\tBryan, T.B., Housing price indexes, Research in Real Estate, JAI Press 2000. 21.\tCanoll, Thomas M. Effect of foreclosure status on residential selling price, Journal of Real Estate Research 2002, Vol13 No1 pp 95-102. 22.\tChandhri,I., Institutional Intermediation for Channelising Private Savings for House Constructions, Housing Finance in India – Vol I, 1989, pp-110-122. 23.\tClark & Smith \"Residential Mobility & Public policy\" Urban affairs Annual Review. 2000 Pg19-41. 24.\tClarkson G.P.E. \"Portfolio selction-Heuristic Approach\" Journal of Finance\" 15th December 2000.469-480. 25.\tK.Subhadra, The Indian Housing Finance Industry: At the cross roads, ICFAI, The Journal of Marketing Research, pp 42-48, 2003. 26.\tMalpezzi, S. and S. K. Mayo. XXX \"The Demand for Housing in Developing Countries. \"Economic Development and Cultural Change 35 (4): 684-421. 27.\tMalpezzi, S., S. K. Mayo and D. J. Gross. 1986. \"Shelter Strategies for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries.\" World Bank Research Observer 1 (2): pp 183-203. 28.\tWachter, S. M. 2000 \"The Limits of Housing Finance System.\" Journal of Housing Research 1 (1): pp 163-18. 29.\tMayo, S. K. 1994 \"Housing Policy: Changing the Structure.\" Finance and Development, 31(1), pp 44-46. 30.\tBank of Borada Housing Finance Reports 31.\tHousing Policy Report, National Housing Policy, Ministry of Urban Affairs Development, New Delhi . 32.\tHUDCO Report Loans, 33.\tLIC Housing Finance Ltd., 34.\tState Bank of India Home Finance Reports 35.\twww.nhb.org.in 36.\twww.guide2homeloan.com/loans/hfcs/default. 37.\twww.necessityhousing.com/ http://www.necessityhousing.com/ 38.\twww.urban.org/publications 39.\twww.unhabitat.org 40.\thttp://www.census.tn.nic.in/ 41.\thttp://finmin.nic.in/ 42.\thttp://indiabudget.nic.in/ 43.\thttp://goidirectory.nic.in/ 44.\thttp://planningcommission.nic.in/ 45.\thttp://www.indianrealtynews.com/ 46.\thttp://www.indianground.com/upcoming-cities.aspx 47.\thttp://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india/inflation-rate.html 48.\thttp://www.industrialeconomist.com/archives.asp 49.\thttp://www.answers.com/topic/tamil-nadu?cat=travel 50.\thttp://urbanindia.nic.in/moud/moud.htm 51.\thttp://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/assembly-230108.htm 52.\thttp://www.tn.gov.in/spc/tenthplan/default.htm 53.\thttp://pib.myiris.com/facts/article.php3?fl=000426121259 54.\thttp://www.rbi.org.in/home.aspx 55.\thttp://www.sbihf.com/companyinfo/shf-ar2004.pdf 56.\thttp://finance.lyricsindia.net/ 57.\thttp://www.hdfc.com/ 58.\thttp://www.licindia.com/media.htm 59.\thttp://www.hudco.org/index.htm 60.\thttp://www.easyfinanceindia.com/home-personal--auto-loans-india.htm 61.\thttp://www.bobhf.com/citigroup/corporate/foundation/data 62.\thttp://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo 63.\thttp://indiaearnings.moneycontrol.com/sub_india/comp_results. 64.\twww.housingfinance.org/pdfstorage/asia_indianhousingfinancesystem. 65.\twww.crisil.com/research/research-industry-information-report-retail-finance-housing- 66.\thttp://www.homeloanseva.com/hls/faqs.php"]}

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2020
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373. Growth and influx, AC and DC conductivity studies of L-alaniniumfumarate (LAF) crystals

Author

K. Senthil Kannan, P. Baskaran, M. Iyanar, M. Kolanjinathan, K. Bhakya, and N. Renuka

Subjects
Crystal, Materials science, Dc conductivity, Analytical chemistry, Orthorhombic crystal system, Activation energy, Conductivity, Anisotropy
Abstract

Crystals are anisotropic in nature and LAF crystals are of second order NLO with orthorhombic in nature and have good NLO coefficient. The LAF crystal is grown and which is subjected to 1.SXRD study 2. Influx measurements 3. AC conductivity study 4.DC conductivity study and reported to measure the Influx behaviour and activation energy of LAF crystals.

Published
2020
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374. Computational characterizations of dimethyl-N,N′-[(ethyne-1,2-di-yl)bis-(1,4-phenyl-ene carbon-yl)]bis-(L-alaninate) crystals

Author

P. Thamarikannan, K. Senthil Kannan, V. Kalaipoonguzhali, K. Venkatachalam, and S. Karthikeyan

Subjects
Crystallography, Materials science, chemistry, Crystal system, Lattice (group), chemistry.chemical_element, Crystallite, Carbon, Ene reaction, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

DLA crystals are of NLO type and are having wide scope of uses in opto-electronic and stage coordinating and frequency doubling and which have Empirical formula as C24H24N2O6, Crystal system is Monoclinic, Space group is P21 and lattice parameters are a as 4.9410 A, b as 39.0151 A, c as 5.8446 A, as 100.91° and Volume is 1126.68 A3 and crystallite size is 0.25*0.16*0.25 mm3. As the crystals of DLA are of NLO of the second order, it can be having the effect of impact of DFT are analyzed and Alaninate derivatives are used for bio applications and here DLA are used for anti-diabetic activities.

Published
2020
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375. Fluorescence, computational enactments of dimethyl N,N′-[(ethyne-1, 2-di-yl)Bis-(1,4-phenyl-ene carbon-yl)]bis-(l-alaninate) crystals

Author

K. Senthil Kannan, Sukeshwar Kannan, A. Baskar, K. Venkatachalam, P. Thamarikannan, and V. Kalaipoonguzhali

Subjects
Crystallography, Materials science, chemistry, Band gap, Lattice (group), Crystal system, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystallite, Fluorescence, Carbon, Ene reaction, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

DLA crystals are of NLO type of second order and are having wide scope of uses in many applications in refrangibility and which have Empirical formula as C24H24N2O6, Crystal system is Monoclinic, Space group is P21 and lattice parameters are a as 4.9410 A, b as 39.0151 A, c as 5.8446 A, βas 100.91° and Volume is 1126.68 A3 and crystallite size is 0.25x0.16x0.25 mm3. The FL property is measured for DLA crystals and found that the emission peak is at 396 nm and band gap is 3.133 eV suitable for non centrosymmetric crystals. The crystals of DLA are crammed for MEP, HOMO-LUMO, Surface plots, IR by DFT.

Published
2020
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376. Screening and early identification of microcalcifications in breast using texture-based ANFIS classification

Author

V. Karthikeyan, K. Sujatha, K. Senthil Kumar, R.S. Ponmagal, N. P. G. Bhavani, Su-Qun Cao, V. Srividhya, Rajeswari Hari, and G. Durgadevi

Subjects
Absolute deviation, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system, Breast cancer, Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, medicine, Wavelet transform, Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence, Cluster analysis, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

The objective of this investigation is to widen the robust detection schemes for the detection of breast cancer at an early stage. This is a noninvasive method called the adaptive neurofuzzy structure (ANFIS) to diagnose microcalcifications (cancerous lesions) in the mammary glands. An investigation of breast cancer by using ANFIS along with the clinical inputs from medical practioners is proposed. Outcomes of the discussions from various medical practioners and various algorithms are reviewed. Clinical images from the MIAS databased are used for testing and training of the proposed algorithm. Texture-based entropy values are also used for training and testing of features. The ANFIS-based classification is an efficient method of breast cancer diagnosis. The performance of the proposed (texture features with ANFIS) method is compared with the outputs obtained from the K-means clustering algorithm, wavelet transform, and artificial neural network-based classification using mean absolute deviation as a feature for early stage diagnosis.

Published
2020
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377. Computational IR, Raman studies by DFT program and antidiabetic delineation by harboring of acetoacetanilide crystals

Author

V. Kalaipoonguzhali, P. Thamaraikannan, K. Senthil Kannan, R. Ranadevan, Sadhana Kannan, and K. Venkatachalam

Subjects
symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dipole, Materials science, chemistry, Crystal system, symbols, Physical chemistry, Orthorhombic crystal system, Crystallite, Raman spectroscopy, Acetoacetanilide
Abstract

Acetoacetanilide-AACE crystals are of NLO type and are having extensive range of employing in opto- electronic and frequency doubling and which have Empirical formula as C10H11NO2, Crystal system is orthorhombic, Space group is P212121 and crystallite size is 0.25*0.15*0.16 mm3. As the crystals of Acetoacetanilide are of NLO of the second order, it can be used for bio applications and for anti-diabetic (AD) activities theoretically, also theoretically confirmed the data of (dipole moments and polarizabilities by) IR and Raman.

Published
2020
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378. Growth and characterization of picolinium maleate (PM) crystals

Author

K. Senthil Kannan, B. Sharmidha, S. Gayathri Devi, K. Venkatachalam, M. Kalaivani, and K. Bhakya

Subjects
Crystal, Crystallography, Materials science, Empirical formula, Crystallite, Scaling, Monoclinic crystal system, Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

Picolinium Maleate crystals are of NLO type and are having extensive range of employing in opto-electronic and frequency doubling and which have Empirical formula as C10H9NO6, these crystal belongs to monoclinic system, with space group as P21/c and atomic grid scaling are a=14.650A, b=10.398A, c=6.908A, α=γ=90°, β=100° and crystallite size is 0.25*0.16*0.25 mm3. As the crystals of PM are of NLO of the second order, it can be used for bio applications and here used for anti-diabetic (AD) activities and filter usefulness experimentally.

Published
2020
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379. Computational and experimental studies of acetoacetanilide crystals

Author

Sukeshwar Kannan, P. Thamarikannan, K. Venkatachalam, M. Jothibas, K. Senthil Kannan, and V. Kalaipoonguzhali

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Materials science, chemistry, Empirical formula, Crystal system, Orthorhombic crystal system, Crystallite, Acetoacetanilide
Abstract

Acetoacetanilide (AACE) crystals are of NLO type and are having extensive range of employing in opto- electronic and frequency doubling and which have Empirical formula as C10H11NO2, Crystal system is orthorhombic, Space group of AACE is P212121 and pattern considerations are a=8.68A, b=11.06A, c=19.25A, α=β=γ=90° and crystallite size is 0.25*0.15*0.16 mm3. As the crystals of Acetoacetanilide are of NLO of the second order, it can be used for bio applications and here used for anti-diabetic activities experimentally, Energies, Potential by DFT and reported.

Published
2020
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380. List of contributors

Author

Jon Bilbatua Andrés, Farah Bader, Sarra Berrahal, Chintan Bhatt, N.P.G. Bhavani, Noureddine Boudriga, Su-Qun Cao, Nicholas Cummins, Ankur Dumka, G. Durgadevi, Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe, Diego Soliño Fernández, Konstantinos Fysarakis, Anita Gehlot, Rajeswari Hari, Sotiris Ioannidis, Sandeep Jagtap, Vivaksha J. Jariwala, Devesh C. Jinwala, V. Karthikeyan, Jatin Kumar Khilrani, Vidhi Kokel, Pooja Kothari, Dimitrios Koutsouris, K. Senthil Kumar, S.R. Liyanage, Manolis Lourakis, Evangelos Loutsetis, Michail Maniadakis, Shweta Masrani, Mamta Mittal, Maria Pateraki, R.S. Ponmagal, Anushree Sah, Vangelis Sakkalis, Björn Schuller, Rajesh Singh, Georgios Spanoudakis, V. Srividhya, K. Sujatha, and Iraklis Varlamis

Published
2020
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382. Computational analysis of LPNPTH anisotropies for dementia for Alzheimer’s syndrome by DFT and molecular harboring

Author

K. Venkatachalam, Sadhana Kannan, P. Thamaraikannan, R. Ashok Kumar, K. Senthil Kannan, and V. Kalaipoonguzhali

Subjects
Physics, Molecular model, Band gap, Gaussian, chemistry.chemical_element, AutoDock, Molecular physics, Crystal, Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, chemistry, symbols, Lithium, Anisotropy
Abstract

Crystals are of anisotropic in nature and have the mixture of applications based on this property and based on Non Linear Optical - NLO chattels and directional output in electric, mechanic and optic axes. Second order semi organic type of second categorized Non Linear Optical (NLO) crystal as Lithium Para Nitrophenolate Trihydrate (LPNPTH) which is well developed by sluggish desertion solution growth routine which is computationally analyzed by DFT for Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Homo-Lumo, molecular harboring and Harboring applications by software tools of Gaussian 09 and Autodock, in the ground of molecular modeling, It is found that the band gap is 0.13928 eV and LPNPTH can be used for Alzheimer's disease by the approach of harboring. Affinity mappings for all the atom varieties at hand, over and above an electrostatic mapping, were work out with a framework spacing of 0.456 A. The energy assessment between binding spots of MSF-aged Torpedo californica Acetylcholinesterase and LPNPTH are -5.54 kCal/mol.

Published
2020
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384. Evaluation of concrete bricks with crumb rubber and polypropylene fibres under impact loading

Author

K. Senthil, Ankush Thakur, and A. P. Singh

Subjects
Polypropylene, Brick, Materials science, Absorption of water, Building and Construction, Compression (physics), Specific strength, Efflorescence, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Volume fraction, General Materials Science, Crumb rubber, Composite material, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The influence of Polypropylene (PP) fibres and crumb rubber (CR) on the concrete bricks under impact loading was studied through experimental as well as statistical analysis. A total number of 12 mixes were considered with different percentages of only PP fibres as phase 1, crumb rubber with fibres as phase 2 and only crumb rubber as phase 3, at 28 days. In phase 1 of Mixes 1–4, the PP fibres were added into control mix (CM) with varying percentage of volume fraction, i.e., 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%. The highest strength to weight ratio found for the mix 3 (0.3% PP fibres), however PP fibres at 0.2% were considered as best in terms of preparation of the mixes. In phase 2 of Mixes 5–8, the crumb rubber was replaced by 3, 6, 9, and 12% by volume of fine aggregates of size less than 4.5 mm along with 0.2% PP fibres. In phase 3 of Mixes 9–12, fine aggregates were replaced by crumb rubber by 3, 6, 9, and 12% without fibres to explicitly perceive the influence of fibres on crumb rubber concrete. The durability tests of the bricks such as Initial rate of water absorption (IRWA) and water absorption was performed all chosen mixes however, efflorescence and sulphate attack tests were carried out on mix 5–8. The mechanical strength of bricks under compression, tension and flexure was determined. Further, impact energy absorption characteristics studies/tests were carried on Mix 1 and Mix 5–12 using drop weight impact tests. It was observed that the addition of crumb rubber of 12% along with 0.2% of PP fibre (Mix 8) reduced the density by 9.41% compared to the control mix (Mix 1). It was also observed that the energy absorption capacity was found to increase with an increase of CR up to 6% along with 0.2% PP fibre, whereas increasing replacement level beyond 6% CR, the impact energy absorption capacity found decreased. It was concluded that the reliability life assessment of brick made using crumb rubber and fibre can be predicted using two-parameter Weibull distribution.

Published
2022
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385. Silicon dioxide based Nano sensor to measure glucose level in blood

Author

K Senthil Kumar and Kavitha Ganesan

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, chemistry, Hardware and Architecture, Silicon dioxide, General Chemical Engineering, Nano, General Engineering, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Measure (physics), Nanotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

Diabetes is a growing problem affecting many people in the world. Diabetes leads to various complications like lower limb amputations, blindness, cardiovascular disease etc. Diabetes has many complexity that is reduced by individual monitoring and control of glucose level. Glucose level monitoring occur with recent development in Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology develops nanosensors which measure glucose level. Nanosensors fabricated by silicon dioxide in mass production reduces the cost of the nanosensors. Nanosensors made of silicon dioxide read the blood samples of a person without diabetes and a diabetic person with the help of SIGVIEW and analyzed using MATLAB. Statistical analysis is made with comparison of spectrogram, magnitude response, probability distribution, time domain and the autocorrelation of normal blood signals and diabetic signals. Comparison results in separation of a normal and diabetic person with an excellent performance of nanosensors in mass production.

Published
2018
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387. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Author

Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I. A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Ahmad, N. A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S. H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D. N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R. E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I. A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Ahmad, N. A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S. H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D. N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R. E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), and Ezzati, M. (Majid)

Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world³ and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions t

Published
2020

388. Energy Efficient Differential Cooperative MIMO Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Author

K. Senthil Kumar, M. Kanthimathi, and R. Amutha

Subjects
Computer science, 020302 automobile design & engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Computer Science Applications, 0203 mechanical engineering, Cooperative MIMO, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Algorithm, Wireless sensor network, Energy (signal processing), Efficient energy use, Communication channel
Abstract

Differential unitary space time modulation (USTM) is identified as one of the best non-coherent technique for future 5th generation mobile networks. Two or more nodes with single antennas cooperate with each other to form a cooperative multiple-input–multiple-output network. In, this paper we examine the use of differential cooperative USTM that avoids channel estimation and also prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network. Aiming at minimizing the energy consumption per bit we form a differential cooperative energy minimization algorithm by optimally selecting the number of cooperative nodes and finding the route that consumes minimum energy.

Published
2018
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391. Genetic Transformation Methods for Crop Improvement- A Brief Review

Author

C. Menaka, C. Kavipriya, K. Senthil, and A. Yuvaraja

Subjects
Novel gene, Transformation (genetics), General Energy, Gene transfer, Biochemical engineering, Mathematics
Abstract

Decades of documented successful pieces of evidence in agritech have shown us a clear picture of the importance of biotechnology in crop improvement. The production in agriculture should have steady growth and to achieve these objective conventional methods should go on parallel with biotechnological approaches. Genetic engineering which has revolutionized the path of crop improvement involves the identification and transfer of novel genes into the existing elite cultivars. Different methods of transferring the gene into plant cells have been developed and continuous efforts have been made to increase its efficiency. Both direct and indirect method of gene transfer has its own merits and demerits. Efforts have been made continuously to eliminate drawbacks and to develop an easy, elite and eco-friendly method to transfer genes. The transformation method which is a base of genetic engineering is vital and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer and gene gun have shown to be doing well in recent years. As a whole the methodology involved, merits and demerits of different methods have been briefly discussed.

Published
2019
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392. ENERGY EFFICIENT WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORK USING RECEIVE DIVERSITY

Author

K. SENTHIL KUMAR and R. AMUTHA

Subjects
Diversity, Energy efficiency, Wireless body area network, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Technology (General), Optimal, lcsh:T1-995, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Sensor
Abstract

Energy efficiency is a crucial issue in wireless body area networks where energyconstrained sensor nodes are employed. In this paper, an energy model for multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation based wireless body area network is proposed and its energy efficiency is investigated. To improve the energy efficiency further, Rate Optimized scheme and Optimum Energy Consumption using Receive Diversity scheme are proposed. In Rate Optimized scheme, the data rate is varied according to transmission distance to ensure minimum total energy consumption. The Optimum Energy Consumption using Receive Diversity scheme utilizes receive diversity along with rate optimization. The total energy consumption of the proposed schemes is analysed. An energy saving of 53.16% at a distance of 7 m is achieved by the Optimum Energy Consumption using Receive Diversity scheme over conventional fixed rate scheme. However, the total energy consumption is still higher than multi-level phase shift keying based wireless body area network. The proposed Optimum Energy Consumption using Receive Diversity scheme is extended to multi-level phase shift keying based wireless body area network and achieved an energy saving of 22.44% and 22.31% over conventional fixed rate and Rate Optimized scheme at a transmission distance of 2 m.

Published
2018

393. Numerical study on the onset of initiation of debond growth in adhesively bonded composite joints

Author

A. Arockiarajan, K. Senthil, and R. Palaninathan

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Adhesive bonding, General Chemical Engineering, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Load carrying, Finite element method, Biomaterials, Crack closure, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, General purpose, Frame work, Adhesive, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Adhesively bonded composite joints plays, an important role in the modern composite structures assembly to realize light weight structures than the mechanical fastening. However, in the process of adhesive bonding of composite components can result in manufacturing flaws namely debonds. Debonds can change the structural response of adhesively bonded joints significantly in compressively loaded aerospace structures. In general, the prediction of the maximum load that composite structures can withstand is very crucial due to the anisotropic nature of the composite material. The presence of manufacturing defects like debonds adds further complexity to the prediction of failure mechanisms of the composite joints. The present study is focused to ascertain the effective load carrying capacity of the adhesively bonded composite joints in the presence of closed debonds. The finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the onset of initiation of debond growth in conjunction with virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). The studies are carried out for various bonded laminate configurations in the frame work of VCCT using general purpose FE code (ABAQUS). The influence of parameters such as laminate sequence, debond location, size and its shapes (square and circular) are investigated.

Published
2018
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394. On a Problem of Alaoglu and Erdős

Author

Ravindranathan Thangadurai, K. Senthil Kumar, and Veekesh Kumar

Subjects
Discrete mathematics, Property (philosophy), Logarithm, 010102 general mathematics, 01 natural sciences, Education, Competition (economics), Integer, 0103 physical sciences, Linear algebra, Transcendence theory, 010307 mathematical physics, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Real number
Abstract

Starting with an elementary problem that appeared in the Putnam mathematics competition, we proceed to discuss some techniques of transcendental number theory and prove the following result. If p, q, r are distinct primes and if c is a real number with the property that pc, qc, rc are integers, then c must be a non-negative integer. The tools used are some linear algebra and complex analysis. The zero-density estimate method discussed here was used by Alan Baker to prove his celebrated theorem on linear forms in logarithms. The question as to whether we can replace three primes by two primes is an open question.

Published
2018
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395. Prevalence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Captive Niligiri Langur (Trachypithecus johnii) in South India

Author

K. Vijayarani, S. J. Deepak, Anjana Josy, K. Karunakaran, Prabhu Balaji, S. Vairamuthu, K. Senthil Kumar, and K. Porteen

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Veterinary medicine, Salmonella, 030104 developmental biology, Trachypithecus johnii, medicine, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Escherichia coli
Published
2018
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396. Ballistic resistance of 2024 aluminium plates against hemispherical, sphere and blunt nose projectiles

Author

N.K. Gupta, K. Senthil, B. Arindam, R. Mittal, and Mohd. Ashraf Iqbal

Subjects
Materials science, Projectile, Mechanical Engineering, 2024 aluminium alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, engineering.material, 0201 civil engineering, Hardened steel, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, chemistry, Deflection (engineering), Aluminium, Ball (bearing), Ballistic limit, engineering, Composite material, Impact, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Numerical investigation has been carried out on 2024 aluminium plate targets against 12.7 mm diameter hardened steel projectiles. The ballistic resistance of 1.27 mm thick target was studied against a spherical ball as well as the hemispherical and blunt nosed cylindrical projectiles. The simulations were performed on ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code by modelling the target as deformable and the projectiles as rigid three dimensional surface. The Johnson-Cook (JC) elasto-viscoplastic material model was employed to predict the flow and fracture behaviour of the target. The objective of the study was to investigate the efficiency of the JC model to numerically reproduce the maximum target deflection and peak impact force caused by three distinct shaped projectiles during target perforation. Three different sets of JC parameters calibrated by different authors [20,21] for 2024 aluminium alloy were considered to simulate the performance of the target against each projectile and the results thus obtained were compared and validated through available experiments [24]. The failure mode, deflection and impact force obtained have been noticed to have significant influence of the material models. The ballistic limit of 1.27 mm thick target was numerically computed against each of the three projectiles and validated through the Recht-Ipson model. The effective span and target thickness were also varied to investigate the influence on the maximum deflection and peak impact force.

Published
2018
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400. Energy efficiency analysis of differential cooperative algorithm in wireless sensor network

Author

K. Senthil Kumar, M. Kanthimathi, and R. Amutha

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, MIMO, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Transmission (telecommunications), Cooperative MIMO, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Overhead (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Wireless sensor network, Algorithm, Software, Communication channel, Efficient energy use
Abstract

Cooperative MIMO techniques deliver the speed and reliability required for future fifth generation mobile networks. However, coherent MIMO techniques demand high channel estimation complexity as well as high pilot overhead. Hence collaboration of cooperative communication and non-coherent schemes will be particularly beneficial in energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Aiming at minimizing the energy consumption per bit, we propose an algorithm for differential cooperative communication in WSNs using unitary space time modulation technique. The algorithm computes the optimum transmission distance for the optimum number of cooperating nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides significant energy saving and increased network lifetime compared with the fixed distance cooperative schemes.

Published
2018
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