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Introduction: Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), whereby surveillance colonoscopy is recommended. Aim: To study the clinical and endoscopic variables associated with dysplasia in IBD patients. Methods: A cohort study was conducted on IBD patients who were part of a colonoscopy surveillance program between 2011 and 2016. Results: A total of 342 colonoscopies were performed on 162 patients (105 with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 57 with Crohn’s disease). Random biopsies were performed at least once on 81.5% of patients; 33.3% of the patients underwent chromoendoscopy (CE) at least once. Endoscopically resectable lesions were detected in 55 patients (34%), and visible lesions deemed unfit for endoscopic resection were found in 5 patients (3.1%). Overall, 62 dysplastic visible lesions (58 with low-grade dysplasia and 3 with high-grade dysplasia) and 1 adenocarcinoma were found in 34 patients. Dysplasia in random biopsies was present in 3 patients, the yield of random biopsies for dysplasia being 1.85%/patient (3/162), 1.75%/colonoscopy (6/342), and 0.25%/biopsy (9/3,637). Dysplasia detected in random biopsies was significantly associated with a personal history of visible dysplasia (p = 0.006). Upon univariate analysis, dysplasia was significantly associated with the type of IBD, the performance of random biopsies, and CE (p = 0.016/0.009/0.05, respectively). On multivariate analysis, dysplasia was associated with duration of disease. Conclusion: Our data confirm that patients with long-standing IBD, in particular UC, should be enrolled in dysplasia surveillance programs, and that performing CE and random biopsies seems to help in the detection of colonic neoplastic lesions.

Neste artigo, a partir de uma investigação centrada no uso, analisa-se a representação cognitiva de construções de predicação nominal do português brasileiro (PB) instanciadas pelo padrão básico [(S) V(funcional) X], em que se inserem os verbos ser, estar e ficar, protagonistas nos esquemas atributivos, equativos e apresentacionais. Para tanto, contemplam-se quantitativa e qualitativamente instâncias desses padrões em 58 produções escritas em PBL2 de 18 estudantes surdos do ensino superior e de 4 estudantes surdos do primeiro segmento do ensino fundamental, coletadas do Corpus do Núcleo de Estudos em Interlíngua e Surdez da UFRJ. Partimos dos pressupostos teóricos da Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso (GOLDBERG, 2006; BYBEE, 2016; PEREK, 2015), a fim de sustentar a hipótese de que os esquemas analisados nos textos estão cognitivamente menos salientes para os participantes da pesquisa. Para a discussão, consideramos contextos de ensino pouco centrados na promoção de experiências de uso ricas e significativas capazes de conduzirem o acionamento eficiente de processos cognitivos de domínio geral para a estocagem de construções da L2 na memória do aprendiz. Os resultados demonstram que a instabilidade representacional em ambos os grupos de aprendizes é um indício da premente necessidade de diálogos entre o aporte teórico construcional e metodologias de ensino de L2.

O presente trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma atividade experimental investigativa realizada em um clube de ciências de uma Universidade Federal do Norte do Brasil. O objetivo foi verificar atitudes procedimentais e comunicacionais de crianças do 5º e 6º ano em uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa (SEI) por meio da escrita e do desenho. Durante a atividade com abordagem qualitativa, foi possível verificar que os espaços não formais de aprendizagem podem ser aliados para a consolidação de um ensino de ciências contextualizado e interdisciplinar, na realização de atividades experimentais investigativas. Os dados analisados permitiram afirmar que a experimentação investigativa promove o processo procedimental e comunicacional de ensino e aprendizagem. A escrita e o desenho mostraram-se significativas para as crianças; todos participaram ativamente durante a SEI, respondendo o problema proposto, expressando seus entendimentos por meio da escrita e desenho criativos, comunicando e socializando resultados.

Resumo Para a elaboração de sua crítica da questão teleológica Nietzsche parte de uma leitura particular das filosofias de Kant, Albert Lange e Schopenhauer. Mais especificamente, sua argumentação em torno da concepção teleológica de mundo, que se constitui em um tema de importância significativa para o posterior desenvolvimento de sua concepção de conhecimento, é fundamentada em uma releitura das posições de Kant e Schopenhauer a partir de uma fundamentação científica. Este posicionamento mais próximo da ciência, uma conquista oriunda da leitura de A História do Materialismo, atua como contraponto às opiniões filosóficas com que Nietzsche entra em contato em sua juventude.

Purpose: Verify the influences of physical activity level, nutritional status and screen habits on the prevalence of back pain in Brazilian students. Methods: The sample consisted of 577 schoolchildren (female = 274; male = 303) aged between 10 and 16 years old, regularly enrolled in the 6th grade of elementary school living in the metropolitan area of the Alto Tietê of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The prevalence, intensity and frequency of pain was verified with the Back Pain Assessment Instrument. The usual practice of physical activity was verified with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children/Adolescent. Nutritional status was analyzed using Body Mass Index. Screen habits were obtained through a previously structured questionnaire. Results: The Chi-square test indicated that pain complaint and its prevalence in the cervical region are significantly higher in females (p < 0.05). The multiple logistic regression test revealed that watching television influences the prevalence of cervical pain and that the use of more than one screen increases the occurrence of low back pain in male students (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Female students were the most affected by back pain complain, especially in the cervical region. However, factors associated with the prevalence of back pain were found only in males.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an immense need to develop training on case recognition and management, with a focus on patients’ and health professionals’ safety at several levels of healthcare settings in Brazil. Different simulation strategies can be included in the diverse clinical care phases for these patients. OBJECTIVE: To suggest a complete simulation-based training program for Brazilian hospitals and/or academic institutions at this moment of the pandemic. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive analysis on possible simulated clinical cases using different methodologies, thereby supporting suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This was a reflective theoretical descriptive study on an educational program based on clinical simulation, with four practical phases at different performance and complexity levels. Wearing, handling and adequately disposing of personal protective equipment, along with specific respiratory procedures in different healthcare settings up to intensive care for seriously infected patients were addressed. RESULTS: This program was designed for application at different Brazilian healthcare levels through different clinical simulation strategies. Summaries of expected performance were suggested in order to standardize technical capacity within these simulation settings, so as to serve these levels. CONCLUSIONS: Developing training programs for situations such as the current COVID-19 pandemic promotes safety not only for patients but also for healthcare workers. In the present context, clear definition of which patients need hospital outpatient or inpatient care will avoid collapse of the Brazilian healthcare system. Institutions that do not have simulated environments can, through the examples described, adopt procedures to promote didactic information in order to help healthcare professionals during this time.

In an investigative experimental activity, several interactions may occur in the teacher-students relationship. Thus, in this article, we present a survey conducted with a group of students of the 6th grade of Elementary School, Science Club's members, in which we seek to investigate the principles of moral autonomy identified among students during the execution of an Investigative Teaching Sequence. Considering Science Teaching by Research as a didactic approach to construction of scientific knowledge, we apply an Investigative Teaching Sequence (ITS) composed of seven proposed steps in which the students interact to solve a problem about plant capillarity. We classify this research within a qualitative approach and for analysis were created categories that enable delimiting the various actions and attitudes observed. The results indicate that the investigative activities carried out at the Club further greater interaction and cooperation, in addition to favoring the construction of scientific knowledge, support the formation of moral autonomy. We conclude that the Science Teaching by Research presents itself as a didactic approach that support the development of students' moral autonomy in the face of the group activities based on cooperative actions bring up by the mediator position of the teacher.

O presente artigo analisa provas de Matemática do terceiro ano do Ciclo de Alfabetização de uma escola do extremo sul gaúcho. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar como os professores organizam o instrumento de avaliação e a composição dos itens, bem como comparar as habilidades arguidas nas avaliações com aquelas previstas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Trata-se de um delineamento de pesquisa documental no qual foram analisados nove provas de quatro diferentes professoras. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos itens de avaliação refere-se à unidade temática Números, enquanto outros, em menor quantidade, abordavam o campo Grandezas e Medidas. Não foram encontrados itens referentes às unidades temáticas de Probabilidade e Estatística, Geometria e Álgebra. Observou-se também que muitas ilustrações são descontextualizadas ou decorativas. Já os enunciados, por vezes, traziam informações imprecisas ou incorretas e comandos de comportamento que evidenciam a preocupação dos professores com a manutenção da disciplina.

This article has the following question as a problem: what do researches that tackle Special Education in/from the Countryside say about school curriculum for subjects with disability, autism spectrum disorders and high skills/giftedness? Thus, it aims to: analyze scientific production deriving from theses and dissertations produced in Brazil about the topic of Special Education in/from the Countryside, as well as if they tackle and how they tackle school curriculum for these subjects. The study was carried out by means of the adoption of bibliometric approach and content analysis, which took as a data source the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações – BDTD), which is maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia – IBICT). Results reveal 31 works on the theme of Special Education in/from the Countryside over the last 25 years. Out of these, only five works tackle school curriculum in/from the countryside for the target audience of Special Education, albeit not directly, but as a theme that emerges from the main theme tackled by their authors. Therefore, investigating about the development of school curriculum for the audience of Special Education in/from the countryside is a challenging task.

In the last few years, many studies have been published by authors from several countries offering approximations and use of the inverse method. However, the unique environmental conditions and distinct properties of the tropical soils in Brazil require extra considerations and the need to adjust these methods to tropical soil conditions. Considering the above, this determined the parameters of the van Genuchten (1980) model (θs, θr, α, n) of the water retention curve in the soils. It also determined the parameter (Ks) of the soil’s hydraulic conductivity curve by solving an inverse problem using the HYDRUS-2D model, considering cumulative infiltration data collected in the field by means of an infiltration test using the tension infiltrometer. It then compared the hydraulic properties determined by these methods in relation to the standard laboratory method. The inverse method was able to efficiently determine the water retention curves in the soils here studied; however, it was not possible to reliably determine the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve.

This work aimed to analyze the influence of welding parameters on weld bead geometry when applied to the submerged arc process. Specifically, the project carried out: the construction of a welding torch support and flow reservoir, as well as the analysis of the weld bead geometry as a function of the welding parameters. To achieve these objectives, a prototype support for the welding torch in CAD software was created and then fabricated by machining, preparation of the base metal and definition of welding parameters. From then on, welding began. The results showed that the supports provided a good performance for the welding and the geometries of the beads showed a difference in their structure regarding the occurrence of porosity in some beads, having a strong relationship with the stress and the type of flux employed. The contact tip to work distance (CTWD) showed a tendency to decrease current when it increased. In addition, welding current and welding energy showed similar behavior when influencing weld bead geometry. That is, when the current and welding energy increased the height decreased and the width increased.

Constituindo uma sociedade pós-medieval, o Brasil conta com uma arquitetura de “castelos tropicais” influenciada pela Idade Média europeia. Tal “gótico tropical” expressa um ideal de “aristocracia natural” de ascendentes brancos e europeus. De 1808 a 1830, o estilo eclético se deve à abertura dos portos à Inglaterra. Enfoca-se a arquitetura neogótica inglesa do século XIII do Castelo de Itaipava, projetado por Fernando Valentim e Lúcio Costa. A incursão de Lúcio Costa pelo ecletismo deriva da adesão ao estilo neocolonial e precede uma década sua inserção no movimento modernista de 1930-1940. A arquitetura eclética deste castelo neogótico expressa o romantismo do século XIX e um medievalismo europeu que se opõe ao estilo neoclássico de interpretação realista dos estilos históricos ao assimilar uma velhice autêntica de contemplação vivida da realidade histórica. A partir do espaço construtivo se desvenda a ideologia do 3.º Barão Vasconcellos, estruturada por ideais nobiliárquicos, monarquistas e arianistas vigen- tes nas primeiras décadas do século passado e na atualidade por parte da elite político-econômica brasileira.

Apresenta os artigos dos convidados, bem como discute as possibilidades e desafios da pesquisa em educação no Brasil Também explica a escolha da imagem da capa, o Caimbé, e faz os agradecimentos as pessoas envolvidas neste lançamento da revista.

Although many studies are conducted on the argumentation in science education, there are still several aspects to explore. This research aims analyze, based on the argumentative principles of Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (1996), the teaching arguments elaborated from a Sequence of Investigative Teaching during the Course “Teacher Training in the Perspective of Investigative Teaching”, carried out in the Central-West region of São Paulo for 24 teachers. One of the issues to be considered in this paper is: how the qualifiers present in the argumentation of the teacher trainer and the students, on the occasion of the resolution of investigative experimental problems, allow interlocutions in the construction of communicative processes and argumentative categories? The methodology of qualitative approach, conceives argumentative techniques in the communicative process teacher-students, presenting as an efficient option that seeks to potentiate an argumentative treatise in the investigative teaching contextualize in the teaching action, realized in non-formal teaching environment. The realization of this analysis intends to discuss the importance of teaching work in argumentative perspective, presenting the complex dynamic that involve processes of argumentation and has motivated the development of research, and their expectations in communicative conduction in the educational context.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Seu objetivo é investigar a qualidade da motivação proporcionada pela gamificação nas aulas de óptica geométrica, um ramo da Física. Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, foi realizado um estudo de caso com 16 alunos. Para avaliar a motivação, foi utilizada a Escala de Motivação de Materiais Instrucionais (IMMS), proposta por John Keller no modelo de motivação ARCS (Atenção, Relevância, Confiança e Satisfação). Os resultados mostraram uma alta porcentagem de concordância nas quatro categorias, revelando que os alunos se mostraram mais autoconfiantes, por perceber que estavam progredindo pelo seu próprio esforço, e se sentiram satisfeitos por concluírem as missões propostas. Isto posto, é possível concluir que a gamificação da sala de aula forneceu evidências empíricas suficientes para atestar que sua implementação motivou os alunos. Palavras-chave: Gamificação; Motivação; ARCS; Ensino de Física. Abstract: This article presents a research cut of a stricto sensu postgraduate. Its purpose is to investigate the quality of motivation provided by gamification in geometric optics classes, a branch of Physics. Regarding the methodological aspects, a case study was carried out with 16 students. In assessing motivation, the Instructional Materials Motivation Scale (IMMS), proposed by John Keller in the ARCS motivation model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), was used. The results showed a high percentage of agreement in the four categories, revealing that the students were more self-confident, as they realized that they were progressing through their own effort, and were satisfied with completing the proposed missions. That said, it is possible to conclude that the gamification of the classroom provided sufficient empirical evidence to attest that its implementation motivated the students. Keywords: Gamification; Motivation; ARCS; Physics education.

Este estudo apresenta um recorde de uma pesquisa de mestrado profissional e visa analisar as operações epistemológicas apresentadas na argumentação desenvolvida por estudantes participantes de um Clube de Ciências, durante uma atividade experimental investigativa sobre os conceitos introdutórios de área e perímetro. A investigação possui uma abordagem qualitativa, na qual a constituição das informações ocorreu por meio de videogravações, com posterior transcrição das falas dos sujeitos. O espaço investigado é considerado um ambiente alternativo de ensino, pesquisa e extensão de ações didáticas voltadas as Ciências e Matemáticas. Durante as análises realizadas, identificamos que os estudantes construíram argumentos estruturados conforme o padrão de Toulmin, expondo suas formas de ação e pensamento para estruturação e confirmação de ideias, explicitando como o saber matemático se constituía. As operações epistemológicas apresentaram-se, em sua maioria, na forma de dedução, causalidade, definição, classificação, apelo aos atributos, consistência com experiência e plausibilidade. Assim, observamos como os alunos construíram o conhecimento ao longo das etapas da atividade investigativa, proporcionando coerência às ideias defendidas.

This study presents an analysis of a Physics class in which the photoelectric effect was the theme developed with high school students in the context of professional and technological education. Using a photoelectric relay, very common in public lighting systems, we conducted an investigative demonstration, recorded in audio and video, with a second-grade class of a technical course integrated to high school in a Federal Institute of Education. Our analysis was based on the interpretation of the discursive interactions that occurred during the lesson, having as epistemological basis authors of science education anchored in the sociocultural matrix. The results show us how the research perspective of teaching can enhance not only the conceptual dimension of learning, but also the procedural and attitudinal dimensions. In our analysis, the most obvious attitude was the collaborative work. In relation to the procedures, a prominence was observed regarding the elaboration and testing of hypotheses, as well as the realization of inferences. As for the concept, in the delimitations of each episode presented, we understand that we were able to establish the relationship between photoelectric effect, target material, wavelength and radiation energy.

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the plant growth promotion capacity of rhizospheric fungi from Opuntia cochenillifera. The isolates were submitted to phosphate solubilization, acetic acid-3-indole (AIA) production, antagonism against phytopathogens, and growth under water activity. All test results were subjected to statistical analysis. The studied isolates were able to solubilize phosphate, being F04 (Aspergillus sp.) and F05 (Coprinellus radians) the ones that presented the highest solubilization indices. As to produce AIA, F02 (Penicillium sp.) and F07 (Aspergillus sp.) were the most promising. All isolates could inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium sp. Water restriction provided mycelial growth for all isolates. Therefore, these characteristics confer characteristics as growth promoters in plants.

Abstract: Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman is an understory species native to Brazil, with great importance in the conservation of genetic resources and is used as a food source for animals in the regions where the species occurs. The species is currently listed in category EN (endangered). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different substrates on the emergence and initial growth of E. pauferrense. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment, belonging to the Plant Ecology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia-PB, Brazil. The substrates used were: sand; sand + vermiculite in the proportion of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3; vegetal land; vegetal land + sand in the proportion of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3; vegetal land + vermiculite in the proportion of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3; vermiculite; Bioplant®; and Bioplant® + sand in a ratio of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 16 treatments (substrates) and four replications of 25 seeds. The percentage of emergence, first count, speed index, mean time, mean speed and relative emergency frequency were evaluated. The vermiculite substrate provided the best results for carrying out the emergence and vigor tests of E. pauferrense seedlings, being the most suitable substrate to initial growth seedlings of the species.

ABSTRACT: Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze is a species widely used in folk medicine and has a high aromatic and therapeutic potential. However, its cultivation in semi-arid regions can be limited by salts in the irrigation water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) as a mitigator of saline stress on the growth and gas exchange of M. suaveolens. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial scheme (Central Composite Design), with five electrical conductivities water (ECw = 0.5, 1.45, 5.0, 8.55, and 10.0 dS m-1) and five SA doses (0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71, and 2.0 mM). Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, and height/diameter ratio, and gas exchange (stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, instantaneous, and intrinsic water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and leaf temperature) were evaluated. The application of 0.9 mM SA attenuates the negative effect of saline stress on the number of leaves and leaf area of M. suaveolens. The application of SA stimulates the number of leaves, plant height, and root growth, but does not affect the gas exchange of M. suaveolens. ECw reduces the growth and gas exchange of M. suaveolens plants.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that can be potentially fatal if left untreated. In Brazil, it is caused by Leishmania infantum parasites. Blood transcriptomics allows us to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathological processes of several clinical conditions, namely, parasitic diseases. Here, we performed mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during the active phase of the disease and six months after successful treatment, when the patients were considered clinically cured. To strengthen the study, the RNA-seq data analysis included two other non-diseased groups composed of healthy uninfected volunteers and asymptomatic individuals. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes between VL patients and non-diseased groups. Overall, pathway analysis corroborated the importance of signaling involving interferons, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and the neutrophil response. Cellular deconvolution of gene expression profiles was able to discriminate cellular subtypes, highlighting the contribution of plasma cells and NK cells in the course of the disease. Beyond the biological processes involved in the immunopathology of VL revealed by the expression of protein coding genes (PCGs), we observed a significant participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in our blood transcriptome dataset. Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs expression in VL has never been performed. lncRNAs have been considered key regulators of disease progression, mainly in cancers; however, their pattern regulation may also help to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of host immune responses elicited by L. infantum infections in humans. Among our findings, we identified lncRNAs such as IL21-AS1, MIR4435-2HG and LINC01501 and coexpressed lncRNA/mRNA pairs such as CA3-AS1/CA1, GASAL1/IFNG and LINC01127/IL1R1-IL1R2. Thus, for the first time, we present an integrated analysis of PCGs and lncRNAs by exploring the lncRNA–mRNA coexpression profile of VL to provide insights into the regulatory gene network involved in the development of this inflammatory and infectious disease.

Abstract: Climatic variation throughout the day influences the ecophysiological performance of plants at different growth stages and phases. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of climatic variation on ecophysiological aspects of T. roseoalba and H. heptaphyllus at different hours of the day and indicate the ideal time for measuring ecophysiological variables in these species. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at the forest nursery of the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of 10 evaluation times throughout the day (from 8 am to 5 pm), with 1 h hour interval between each evaluation. Temperature and air relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse were evaluated to understand the effect on gas exchange (net assimilation rate of CO2, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, internal concentration of CO2, and vapor-pressure deficit) and chlorophyll a fluorescence (initial, maximum, and variable fluorescence, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate). Data were submitted to canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis to verify the relationship between climatic and ecophysiological variables. For both species, higher correlation was found between internal and external relative humidity with all the ecophysiological variables analyzed, except for initial fluorescence. Thus, climatic factors influenced the photosynthetic performance of T. roseoalba and H. heptaphyllus plants, and 8 am to 9 am is indicated for carrying out ecophysiological evaluations in both species.

Paraconsistent Annotated Logic (PAL) is a type of non-classical logic based on concepts that allow, under certain conditions, for one to accept contradictions without invalidating conclusions. The Paraconsistent Artificial Neural Cell of Learning (lPANCell) algorithm was created from PAL-based equations. With its procedures for learning discrete patterns being represented by values contained in the closed interval between 0 and 1, the lPANCell algorithm presents responses similar to those of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this work, several tests were carried out to validate the operation of the lPANCell algorithm in a learning from demonstration (LfD) framework applied to a linear Cartesian robot (gantry robot), which was moving rectangular metallic workpieces. For the LfD process used in the teaching of trajectories in the x and y axes of the linear Cartesian robot, a Paraconsistent Artificial Neural Network (lPANnet) was built, which was composed of eight lPANCells. The results showed that lPANnet has dynamic properties with a robustness to disturbances, both in the learning process by demonstration, as well as in the imitation process. Based on this work, paraconsistent artificial neural networks of a greater complexity, which are composed of lPANCells, can be formed. This study will provide a strong contribution to research regarding learning from demonstration frameworks being applied in robotics.

The genus Cucurbita has been mentioned as a good source of carotenoids, including β-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. However, the variability observed for the genus denotes the individual need to invest in the species. An experiment was carried out with the aim of evaluating the content of total carotenoids and β-carotene in C. maxima germplasm. Treatments consisted of 23 accessions and two commercial cultivars of C. maxima. The content of total carotenoids, β-carotene, and the pulp color of the accessions were evaluated. Clustering was performed, and the components of genotypic variance, mean heritability, and accuracy were calculated. The grouping led to the formation of four groups where the total carotenoid content influenced the formation the most. There was no difference in color parameters. High variability was observed for total carotenoids in the studied genotypes (22.28 µg/g to 49.58 µg/g) and β-carotene (7.81 µg/g to 13.75 µg/g). Accessions CMAX-09, CMAX-10, CMAX-12, CMAX-13, and CMAX-14 showed the highest levels of total carotenoids and β-carotene.

The indiscriminate use of oral ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) doses induces significant oxidative damage to health. However, carotene-rich foods such as buriti oil can help the endogenous antioxidant defense and still maintain other body functions. This study aimed to assess the effects of buriti oil intake in iron-overloaded rats by FeSO4 administration. Buriti oil has β-carotene (787.05 mg/kg), α-tocopherol (689.02 mg/kg), and a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (91.30 g/100 g). Wistar rats (n = 32) were subdivided into two control groups that were fed a diet containing either soybean or buriti oil; and two groups which received a high daily oral dose of FeSO4 (60 mg/kg body weight) and fed a diet containing either soybean (SFe) or buriti oil (Bfe). The somatic and hematological parameters, serum lipids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined after 17 days of iron overload. Somatic parameters were similar among groups. BFe showed a decrease in low-density lipoprotein (38.43%) and hemoglobin (7.51%); an increase in monocytes (50.98%), SOD activity in serum (87.16%), and liver (645.50%) hepatic GPx (1017.82%); and maintained serum GPx compared to SFe. Buriti oil showed systemic and hepatic antioxidant protection in iron-overloaded rats, which may be related to its high carotenoid, tocopherol, and fatty acid profile.

O estudo da recepção de uma obra é uma via interessante para analisar sua significação e o grau de aceitação que sofreu em uma ou diversas épocas da história. É nesta perspectiva que o presente trabalho examina a recepção da obra de Piaget (1920 - 1930) através da análise das apreciações críticas de seus primeiros leitores.

Dans le quatre textes de Piaget que nous présentons ici, l?auter essaie de mettre en évidence les différences et les ressemblances entre l?enfant et l?adulte. Il est à remarque les changements que l?auteur fait opérer à son discours lorsqu?il s?adresse, comme c?est le cas ici, à des instituteurs. En effet, dans ces textes brefs et incisifs, Piaget se montre plus explicite et plus clair que dans les grands ouvrages.

Salinity interferes in the physiology of seedlings from germination and seedling emergence, so it is necessary to adopt measures to mitigate its effects. The objectives of this research were to evaluate irrigation frequency, saline water, polymer, and container volume in the emergence and physiology of Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. The treatments were obtained from the combination of polymer doses (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0; and 1.2 g dm-3), electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.3; 1, 1; 2.7; 4.3; and 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments to assess the volume of the container. A randomized block design was used. Emergence and leaf indices of chlorophyll, fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed 100 days after sowing. The increase in electrical conductivity reduced and delayed seedling emergence. Decreasing irrigation frequency reduced the chlorophyll b index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net CO2 assimilation, and carboxylation efficiency. The magnitude of the effects of electrical conductivity of water and polymer were associated with the frequency of irrigation. However, both salinity and polymer reduced practically all physiological variables. The reduction in container volume also affected the physiology of the seedlings, with more effects when irrigated on alternate days. The T. esculenta seedlings are considered sensitive to salinity, should be irrigated daily with water with less electrical conductivity than 1.0 dS m-1, as well as higher capacity containers used (0.75 vs 1.30 dm3).

Introdução/Objetivo: O meropenem é um carbapenêmico de amplo espectro largamente prescrito para pacientes sépticos graves em terapia intensiva das infecções causadas por patógenos hospitalares Gram-negativos. Este estudo busca comparar a efetividade do meropenem em pacientes sépticos grandes queimados na fase precoce com a fase tardia do choque séptico através da abordagem farmacocinética-farmacodinâmica (PK/PD). Método: Aprovação CAEE 07525118.3.0000.0068. Nenhum dos autores possui conflito de interesse. Dez pacientes, 3F/7M, função renal preservada, e indicação do antimicrobiano foram incluídos. Na terapia do choque séptico utilizou-se o regime 1 g qh8h infusão 3 horas, após 48 horas do início da terapia, duas amostras de sangue foram coletadas (2 mL /cada) na 3ª h e 5ª h. A farmacocinética foi estimada através do programa Noncompartmental data analysis. O monitoramento sérico do fármaco foi realizado por cromatografia líquida. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos (PK) dos pacientes foram comparados aos dados descritos em voluntários sadios. A abordagem PK/PD foi realizada com base na dosagem sérica do meropenem e na concentração inibitória mínima do patógeno isolado para avaliar se o alvo terapêutico de 100%f DT>CIM foi atingido. Resultados: Características dos pacientes na admissão, medianas: 36 anos, 71 kg, IMC 24 kg/m2, 29% TBSA, SAPS3 60; intubação orotraqueal e lesão inalatória (8/10), com necessidade de agentes vasopressores (5/10). Evidenciou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,05) na farmacocinética, no Set 1 pela comparação com voluntários sadios; tal resultado impactou positivamente a cobertura antimicrobiana do meropenem. Registrou-se ainda diferença significativa entre seguimentos Set 1 versus Set 2, com redução da cobertura na fase tardia. O alvo terapêutico foi atingido para os pacientes queimados contra 10 culturas de Enterobacteriaceae/7 isolados e Non-Enterobacteriaceae/ 3 isolados CIM 0,25 até 4 mg/L. A terapia combinada de meropenem-colistina ocorreu para dois pacientes com isolados de KPC e P.aeruginosa. Conclusão: As alterações farmacocinéticas ocorridas durante o choque séptico causaram o aumento dos níveis séricos de meropenem. A cura clínica foi alcançada na fase precoce em 8/10 pacientes; enquanto que em 2/10 pacientes a colistina foi adicionada para a erradicação de patógenos Gram-negativos resistentes ao meropenem, CIM > 16 mg/L.