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Multicode code division multiple access (CDMA) is a promising transmission scheme for flexible and high-speed data communications. In this paper, we present a new scheme of parallel pilot interference cancellation (PPIC) for multicode wideband CDMA system that cancels only the pilot interference of the users at the chip level practically while achieving the same performance as the standard PIC. As there is no estimation distortion in regenerating the interference, it turns out to be more robust and multi-stage process was unnecessary. Further, as the interference cancellation is processed at the chip level instead of the sample level, the complexity of interference generation could be greatly reduced which makes the implement more feasible.

The title compound, {[ZnCl(C13H12F2N6O)2]Cl·2H2O}n, is a two-dimensional coordination polymer. The ZnIIatom is six-coordinated by four N atoms from four 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (HFlu) ligands and by two Cl atoms in a distorted octahedral geometry. Two Cl atoms bridge two ZnIIatoms, forming a centrosymmetric dinuclear unit. The HFlu ligands connect the dinuclear units into a 44net parallel to (001) when the dinuclear unit is considered as a node. O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the cationic layer, free chloride anions and lattice water molecules. Intralayer π–π interactions between the triazole rings are observed [centroid–centroid distance = 3.716 (6) Å].

In the title compound, [Cd(C4H5NO4)(H2O)2] n , the Cd(II) atom exhibits a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry, defined by one N atom and three O atoms from two iminodi-acetate (IDA) ligands and two water molecules. The tridentate IDA ligand additionally bridges via one of its carboxylate O atoms to another Cd(II) atom, thus forming a zigzag chain along [001]. A three-dimensional network is completed by inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

We investigate the bandgap properties of two-dimensional double-layer photonic crystals composed of elliptical cylinders in square and triangular lattices, considering cylinders formed of dielectric cores surrounded by interfacial layers of air in magnesium fluoride background. Using the plane-wave numerical expansion method, the bandgap spectrum for the cylinders covered by air rings is obtained for different structural parameters, such as the radius, orientation angle, and lattice constant. The results show that the bandgap of the two-dimensional double-layer photonic crystal is greatly improved compared with traditional two-dimensional photonic crystal and the triangular lattice presents a larger bandgap than the square lattice. The optimal structure parameters to broaden the bandgap are presented.

Due to its inert closed-shell structure, the graphitic onion-like carbon (GOC) could not be exfoliated into a graphene-like structure by a simple Hummers' method even under rigorous conditions. Herein, we successfully exfoliated GOC into twisted graphene oxide nanosheets by the cooperation of chemical activation and Hummers' oxidation. Porphyra-like graphene nanosheets were further prepared from the twisted graphene oxide nanosheets by rapid thermal expansion. The defects introduced by activation were considered to play significant roles in the unfolding of GOC because they provide reactive sites for the oxidation. As an anode material for lithium ion batteries, the obtained porphyra-like graphene exhibited much better electrochemical properties than those of GOC. Our work can contribute to (1) deeply understand the exfoliation mechanism of graphitic materials by chemical oxidation especially the influence of defects during these steps; and (2) provide new strategies for designing functional graphene based materials from inert graphitic structures.

To estimate the cost-benefit of endoscopic screening strategies of esophageal cancer (EC) in high-risk areas of China.Markov model-based analyses were conducted to compare the net present values (NPVs) and the benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) of 12 EC endoscopic screening strategies. Strategies varied according to the targeted screening age, screening frequencies, and follow-up intervals. Model parameters were collected from population-based studies in China, published literatures, and surveillance data.Compared with non-screening outcomes, all strategies with hypothetical 100,000 subjects saved life years. Among five dominant strategies determined by the incremental cost-effectiveness analysis, screening once at age 50 years incurred the lowest NPV (international dollar-I$55 million) and BCR (2.52). Screening six times between 40-70 years at a 5-year interval [i.e., six times(40)f-strategy] yielded the highest NPV (I$99 million) and BCR (3.06). Compared with six times(40)f-strategy, screening thrice between 40-70 years at a 10-year interval resulted in relatively lower NPV, but the same BCR.EC endoscopic screening is cost-beneficial in high-risk areas of China. Policy-makers should consider the cost-benefit, population acceptance, and local economic status when choosing suitable screening strategies.

Background Embryonic stem (ES) cells have attracted significant attention from researchers around the world because of their ability to undergo indefinite self-renewal and produce derivatives from the three cell lineages, which has enormous value in research and clinical applications. Until now, many ES cell lines of different mammals have been established and studied. In addition, recently, AS-ES1 cells derived from Apodemus sylvaticus were established and identified by our laboratory as a new mammalian ES cell line. Hence further research, in the application of AS-ES1 cells, is warranted. Results Herein we report the generation of multiple mesodermal AS-ES1 lineages via embryoid body (EB) formation by the hanging drop method and the addition of particular reagents and factors for induction at the stage of EB attachment. The AS-ES1 cells generated separately in vitro included: adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and cardiomyocytes. Histochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR were carried out to confirm the formation of multiple mesodermal lineage cells. Conclusions The appropriate reagents and culture milieu used in mesodermal differentiation of mouse ES cells also guide the differentiation of in vitro AS-ES1 cells into distinct mesoderm-derived cells. This study provides a better understanding of the characteristics of AS-ES1 cells, a new species ES cell line and promotes the use of Apodemus ES cells as a complement to mouse ES cells in future studies.