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Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are residues generated during coffee beverage preparation that contain 12–17% protein and are a rich source of peptides. Bacteria can generate peptides with potential bioactivity through protein hydrolysis in a fermentation process. This study aimed to obtain digested protein hydrolysates with potential bioactivity from Bacillus clausii-fermented SCG. The fermentation was performed with 1.5 × 108 colony-forming units/mL of bacteria at 37 °C for 39 h. Total and soluble proteins and protein hydrolysates were quantified using spectrophotometric techniques. Pepsin/pancreatin protein hydrolysates were characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The physicochemical properties and potential bioactivity of peptides were evaluated using in silico analysis. The fermentation process increased the amounts of total proteins, soluble proteins, and protein hydrolysates by 2.7, 2.2, and 1.2-fold, respectively, compared to non-fermented SCG. Fermented SCG samples, increased the abundance of seven peptides that displayed potentially antioxidant capacity, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV-inhibitor activity. The YGF and GMCC peptide sequences presented the highest bioactivity scores (0.97 each), followed by the YWRYDCQ (0.65) and RMYRY (0.60) peptides. In summary, fermented SCG had increased abundance of peptides with high bioactive potential that may be exploited in managing oxidative stress, hypertension, and diabetes.

The coffee beverage market produces large amounts of waste as spent coffee grounds (SCGs). This by-product contains a high concentration of bioactive compounds that could be more accessible after bioprocessing. In this study, we identified the compounds present in Bacillus clausii-fermented SCG extract and determined the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extract. Additionally, in a macrophage model, we measured nitric oxide (NO) production and bactericidal activity against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. The fermented SCG extract exhibited increased phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity as compared to non-fermented SCG extract. The main compounds detected in fermented SCG extracts were cryptochlorogenic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids. Macrophages RAW264.7 treated with 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL of fermented SCG exhibited significantly (P

The intention of radiotherapy is to control and cure tumor while avoiding late effects caused by radiation. High energy photon beam dose can be determined by different modalities. In this paper, dosimetric properties of praseodymium doped lanthanum aluminate exited by X-ray beams are reported. LaAlO3:Pr3+ powders samples were prepared using modified Pechinis’s method. The formations of the obtained samples were confirmed by an X-ray diffraction patterns. TL glow curve and dosimetric characteristics of LaAlO3:Pr3+ powder samples were investigated under X-ray irradiation effects. All TL measurements were made using an automated Harshaw TL reader 5500. TL glow curves were obtained using a constant heating rate 10 °C/s from room temperature up to 350°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The dose response and minimum detectable dose (MDD) values of the samples were determined. Dosimetric characteristics of the samples were carefully analyzed. Experimental results of TL dosimetric characteristics of the powder samples appear to have potential application for high energy photon beam dose measurements.

Thermoluminescent (TL) response of trivalent praseodymium ion doped lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3:Pr3+) obtained by Pechini method and Spray Dryer was studied. TL response of LaAlO3:Pr3+ powders submitted at 1600 °C exhibited one peak centered at 157 °C. Sensitivity of LaAlO3:Pr3+ was improved in around 90 times compared with undoped LaAlO3. TL response as a function of wavelength showed a maximum in 230 nm. Dosimetric characteristics of LaAlO3:Pr3+ under UVR radiation effects were analyzed. Evaluation of activation energy was obtained by Glow Fit v.1.3 software. Experimental results about thermoluminescent characteristics of LaAlO3:Pr3+ suggest as good candidate to be employed as a complementary thermoluminescent device with other TL phosphors as aluminum oxide

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is the standard of care for young patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). However, there is limited experience of its efficacy and feasibility in older patients. The characteristics and outcomes of 121 patients aged ≥50 years (42 of them are ≥60 years old) with R/R HL who underwent AHCT were reviewed. After a median follow-up of 3.1 years, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) at 5 years were 64 and 55 %, respectively, with no differences between 50-59-year-old and ≥60-year-old patients. Hematological and extra-hematological toxicities after AHCT were comparable between the two groups of age. In univariate analysis, poorer OS and PFS were associated with disease status other than complete remission, hematopoietic cell transplantation comorbidity index (HCT-CI) scores >1, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores >1. HCT-CI scores >1 were also associated with a higher risk of grade 3-4 extrahematologic toxicity. In multivariate analysis, HCT-CI and CCI remained significantly associated with OS and PFS after adjustment for disease status. Our data show that AHCT can be performed in selected patients with R/R HL ≥50 years with acceptable outcome and toxicity. Comorbidities appear to impact AHCT outcome more than age.

Pseudo-boehmite is the best precursor during synthesis of gamma alumina, because only the removal of water by calcination at about 447 °C is required. The control of operating variables during synthesis of pseudo-boehmite: the supersaturation of the solutions is a factor of special importance, additionally the pH, temperature, impurities and nature of the reagents [3] , [4] . Ensure purity of this material and these variables determine the morphology, texture and it structures of the precipitate. Therefore, it is relevant to follow phenomena that occur during synthesis, in order to predict yield and quality of the final product. In this work, synthesis of pseudo-boehmite was developed by the method of precipitation, using industrial grade aluminum sulfate supersaturated solution and concentrated ammonium hydroxide (28%) as reactants; this known method was improved decreasing reaction temperature below the boiling point of ammonia. Temperature control of the reactant medium was reached by data acquisition and automatic manipulation of the heating medium. It is shown that operating the reactor at isothermal conditions ensures the final quality of the pseudo-boehmite produced. Download : Download high-res image (235KB) Download : Download full-size image

Background. Nutritional deficiencies may aggravate the course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Our aim has been to perform a comprehensive analysis of body composition and nutritional deficiencies in CHC patients in non-cirrhotic and compensated cirrhotic stages to correlate the detected deficiencies with the fibrosis stage.Material and methods. Body multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and a wide and simultaneous analytical profile were prospectively performed in 74 CHC patients (36 male) with known METAVIR fibrosis stage established with liver biopsy or transient elastography. Results were analyzed to identify deviations from the normal range and variations according to the fibrosis stage.Results. Body fat compartment was greater in women. Body composition did not change among the 4 stages of liver fibrosis. Low levels (< 30 μg/L) of vitamin D were detected in 74.3% of patients irrespective of the fibrosis stage. Most analytical results remained into the normal range with the exceptions of thrombocytopenia and vitamin A deficiency, that were limited to the stage 4 of fibrosis, and low Zn and LDL-cholesterol values, that were frequently found in patients with advanced (F3 and F4) fibrosis stage.Conclusion. Body composition and most biochemical parameters, including cyanocobalamin, folic acid and vitamin E, are well preserved in compensated patients with CHC, with the exception of generalized vitamin D insufficiency and of deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc that are restricted to the more advanced, although still compensated, stages of the disease.

Resumen Introduccion El sindrome metabolico es una constelacion de trastornos entre los que se incluyen la resistencia a la insulina, la obesidad central, la hipertension arterial y la hiperlipidemia. Estas alteraciones pueden tener implicaciones sobre el aparato genitourinario. Objetivos Efectuar una revision para describir los aspectos fisiopatologicos que explican la relacion entre el sindrome metabolico y la disfuncion sexual, el sindrome del tracto urinario inferior, el cancer de prostata o la enfermedad litiasica. Metodos Se realiza una revision bibliografica narrativa cualitativa mediante una busqueda bibliografica en PubMed de los articulos publicados entre 1997 y 2015, utilizando los terminos fisiopatologia , sindrome metabolico , disfuncion endotelial , lipotoxicidad , disfuncion mitocondrial , litiasis renal , hipogonadismo , disfuncion erectil , sindrome del tracto urinario inferior y cancer de prostat a. Sintesis de la evidencia El sindrome metabolico constituye un complejo sintomatico establecido y definido como la presencia de resistencia insulinica, obesidad central, hipertension e hiperlipidemia. La disfuncion endotelial secundaria a la lipotoxicidad producida genera un estatus inflamatorio en el que se ven implicados el metabolismo celular renal, la vascularizacion de la pelvis o la produccion de androgenos. Estos hechos explican la relacion entre el sindrome metabolico, la litiasis renal, el sindrome del tracto urinario inferior, el hipogonadismo y la disfuncion erectil del varon. Conclusiones Estrategias como el cuidado de la alimentacion, el ejercicio regular, el tratamiento con insulina, tratamientos sustitutivos con testosterona o antioxidantes e inhibidores de los radicales libres, asi como los tratamientos urologicos clasicamente utilizados en el sindrome del tracto urinario inferior han demostrado resultados prometedores en este sindrome.

Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of disorders that includes insulin resistance, central obesity, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. These disorders can have implications for the genitourinary apparatus. Objectives To conduct a review on the pathophysiological aspects that explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and sexual dysfunction, lower urinary tract syndrome, prostate cancer and stone disease. Methods We performed a qualitative, narrative literature review through a literature search on PubMed of articles published between 1997 and 2015, using the terms pathophysiology, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, kidney stones, hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract syndrome and prostate cancer. Synthesis of the evidence Metabolic syndrome constitutes an established complex of symptoms, defined as the presence of insulin resistance, central obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Endothelial dysfunction secondary to lipotoxicity generates an inflammatory state, which involves renal cell metabolism, vascularization of the pelvis and androgen production. These facts explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, lower urinary tract syndrome, hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction in men. Conclusions Strategies such as proper diet, regular exercise, insulin treatment, testosterone-replacement therapy, therapy with antioxidants and free-radical inhibitors and urological treatments classically used for lower urinary tract syndrome have shown promising results in this syndrome.

Herein reported are the synthesis and the photocatalytic activity of MWCNT/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts obtained by microwave-assisted method using titanium butoxide as precursor. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, UV–vis, FTIR, surface area (BET) and photoluminescence. The characterization results showed that the addition of MWCNT did not provide structural changes on TiO2. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized materials were investigated using acid blue 9 dye as a model molecule. The results indicate an enhancement on photocatalytic activity by the addition of low amount of MWCNT (1 and 3 wt%). The improvement is attained to the synergic effect between TiO2 and MWCNT which reduces the electron–hole pair recombination according with the photoluminescence study. In this way, a proposed schema for the enhanced photoactivity of the MWCNT/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst is discussed.

This study aims to identify the different needs for accommodation renovation at mature destinations, as well as to analyse the effect of these needs on a tourist's overall impression regarding the need to renovate the accommodation. From the literature review, six categories of accommodation renovation are identified and tourist attitudes towards them are assessed using the case of Gran Canaria, a mature coastal destination in Spain. Results include a model explaining tourists’ overall impression concerning the need to rejuvenate the accommodation based on the different categories of renovation. A significant negative association between a tourist's evaluation of the overall need for renovation and his/her overall satisfaction is also confirmed. Professional implications in terms of policies and strategies for rejuvenating accommodation on Gran Canaria are suggested, most of which could be of interest for other mature destinations.

Mn adsorption on the GaAs(111)–(1×1)B surface electronic and magnetic properties are investigated using first principles total energy calculations within the periodic spin polarized density functional theory. Results show that one Mn atom adsorption on top of the surface drives to an interstitial Mn atom. The interstitial atom is bonded to three first monolayer As atoms forming a chain-like structure. This stable structure has a ferromagnetic behavior with a Mn magnetic moment of ∼ 3.98 μ B . The Mn coverage increase yields a stable structure with the creation of an interstitial Mn layer, which in turn gives rise to a GaMnAs like alloy at the surface. The layer displays a ferromagnetic characteristic with magnetic moment of ∼ 4.40 μ B . A surface formation energy analysis of all these stable structures shows that one Mn interstitial monolayer and a Mn interstitial atom may coexist. Density of states shows that there is an important contribution of the Mn atoms to the occupied and unoccupied states. The DOS of one Mn monolayer is metallic with the most important contribution around the Fermi level coming from the Ga-p and Mn-d orbitals.

Eu2+-Doped ZnS (ZnS:Eu2+) thin (∼550 nm) films with strong and stable blue photoluminescence have been successfully synthesized by a simple and fast ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the as grown ZnS:Eu2+ films are composed of hexagonal wurtzite nanocrystals with average size of ∼25 nm, which are preferentially oriented along the (002) direction and agglomerate to form hexagonal facet nanobars with diameters from 50 to 200 nm. These films show a strong blue emission centered at 454 nm, which can be observed with the naked eye under ambient illumination. The intensity of this peak is ∼185 times higher than the maximum photoluminescence peak observed from the undoped ZnS films. The presence of the Eu dopant in the valence state Eu2+ was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. The comparison of the high-resolution UV-vis absorption spectra and the PL characteristics of the ZnS:Eu2+ films with the pure ZnS films, indicate that the strong blue emission of the ZnS:Eu2+ films comes from Eu2+ 4f65d → 4f7 intra-ion transitions.

The stereoselective synthesis and anti- Hymenolepis nana activity of six Linezolid-type compounds, obtained by chemical modification of l -Alanine, are reported in this work. The synthetic strategy was to prepare diasteromeric N,N-dibenzylamino oxazolidinones 1 and 2, and coupling with 4-(4-bromophenyl)morpholine (3) to obtain N,N-dibenzylamino Linezolid analogues 4 and 5. A hydrogenolysis reaction over 4 and 5 resulted in amino-free Linezolid analogues 6 and 7, which were acetylated to reach diasteromeric Linezolid analogues 8 and 9. The six Linezolid analogues 4–9 show in vitro antiparasitic activity against Hymenolepis nana cestode, but not against several bacterial strains. Interestingly, compounds 6, 7 and 9 exhibit high potency, having shorter paralysis and death times after exposure (6–10 and 18–21 min, respectively), shorter than those found with antihelmintic compound Praziquantel (20 and 30 min) at 20 mg/mL. In addition, a cytocompatibility assay of 6–9 with human cells (ARPE-19 cells) demonstrate a non-cytotoxic effect at 0.4 mM. These results show the pharmacological potential of the newly reported Linezolid-type analogues as antiparasitic agents against Hymenolepis nana.

The highly siderophile elements (HSE: Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Re, Au) exist in solid solution in accessory base-metal sulfides (BMS) as well as nano-to-micron scale minerals in rocks of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). The latter include platinum-group minerals (PGM) and gold minerals, which may vary widely in morphology, composition and distribution. The PGM form isolated grains often associated with larger BMS hosted in residual olivine, located at interstices in between peridotite-forming minerals or more commonly in association with metasomatic minerals (pyroxenes, carbonates, phosphates) and silicate glasses in some peridotite xenoliths. The PGM found inside residual olivine are mainly Os-, Ir- and Ru-rich sulfides and alloys. In contrast, those associated with metasomatic minerals or silicate glasses of peridotite xenoliths consist of Pt, Pd, and Rh bonded with semimetals like As, Te, Bi, and Sn. Nanoscale observations on natural samples along with the results of recent experiments indicate that nucleation of PGM is mainly related with the uptake of HSE by nanoparticles, nanominerals or nanomelts at high temperature (> 900 °C) in both silicate and/or sulfide melts, regardless of the residual or metasomatic origin of their host minerals. A similar interpretation can be assumed for gold minerals. Our observations highlight that nanoscale processes play an important role on the ore-forming potential of primitive mantle-derived magmas parental to magmatic-hydrothermal deposits enriched in noble metals. The metal inventory in these magmas could be related with the physical incorporation of HSE-bearing nanoparticles or nanomelts during processes of partial melting of mantle peridotite and melt migration from the mantle to overlying continental crust., We thank Laurie Reisberg, Hannah Hughes and an anonymous referee for their criticism, which greatly improved the quality of our manuscript. We also are indebted to Prof. Sisir K. Mondal for Editorial handling of this work and their constructive edits. This research was supported by Spanish projects: RTI2018-099157-A-I00 , CGL2015-65824-P and CGL2016-81085-R granted by the “ Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades ” and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ” (MINECO), respectively. Additional funding was provided by the Ramón y Cajal Fellowship RYC-2015-17596 and Junta de Andalucía project B-RNM-189-UGR18 to JMGJ, and the BES-2017-079949 fellowship to ES. This work was also supported by the Mexican research programs CONACYT-Ciencia Básica ( A1-S-14574 ) and UNAM-PAPIIT grant IA-101419 awarded to VC. A. Jiménez-Franco also acknowledge a postdoctoral grant (CVU 350809 ) from the National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT) of Mexico. Research grants, infrastructures and human resources leading to this research have benefited from funding by the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund. We are grateful to Prof. José Jorge Aranda Gómez who provided the xenolith samples of La Breña (Durango Volcanic Field, Central Mexico). María del Mar Abad, Isabel Sánchez Almazo and Rocío Márquez Crespo (CIC, University of Granada) are acknowledged for her assistance with HRTEM, and HR-SEM and FE-SEM analysis, respectively. We are also indebted to Miguel Ángel Hidalgo Laguna from CIC of University of Granada and Xavier Llovet from the Centres Científics i Tecnològics of the Universitat of Barcelona (CCiTUB) for their careful help with EMPA.

The design of optoelectronic devices made with ZnO superlattices requires the knowledge of the refractive index, which currently can be done only for films thicker than 30 nm. In this work, we present an effective medium approach to determine the refractive index of ZnO layers as thin as 2 nm. The approach was implemented by determining the refractive index of ZnO layers ranging from 2 nm to 20 nm using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements in multilayers. For a precise control of morphology and thickness, the superlattices were fabricated with atomic layer deposition (ALD) with alternating layers of 2 nm thick Al2O3 and ZnO, labeled as N ZnO-Al2O3, where N = 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100. The total thickness of all superlattices was kept at 100 nm. The approach was validated by applying it to similar superlattices reported in the literature and fitting the transmittance spectra of the superlattices.

Cancellations are a key aspect of hotel revenue management because of their impact on room reservation systems. In fact, very little is known about the reasons that lead customers to cancel, or how it can be avoided. The aim of this paper is to propose a means of enabling the forecasting of hotel booking cancellations using only 13 independent variables, a reduced number in comparison with related research in the area, which in addition coincide with those that are most often requested by customers when they place a reservation. For this matter, machine-learning techniques, among other artificial neural networks optimised with genetic algorithms were applied achieving a cancellation rate of up to 98%. The proposed methodology allows us not only to know about cancellation rates, but also to identify which customer is likely to cancel. This approach would mean organisations could strengthen their action protocols regarding tourist arrivals.

Entrepreneurship is one of the fundamental tools in the generation of economic activity and labor in the tourism industry, with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) playing a relevant role in the sector. Academic studies on entrepreneurship have focused more on the keys to entrepreneurial success, rather than on the factors leading to its abandonment. In the tourism sector, the lack of research on this matter is even more significant. In response to this gap in literature, this article aims to be a first approach to the study of work addiction as an antecedent of entrepreneurial abandonment. The main contribution of this study confirms the relationship between the different constructs that relate work addiction to entrepreneurship withdrawal. Thus, hypotheses relating driveness and lack of work enjoyment to the intention to quit entrepreneurship are supported. The hypothesis relating work involvement with the intention to quit is not supported, however. A number of important implications derive from this study. Among them, our results demonstrate that the relationship between workaholism and the intention to quit entrepreneurship in the tourist SME sector is supported, and that work enjoyment can act as a mediator strengthening the effect of the driveness to work on the intention to quit.

An experimental-numerical methodology for failure analysis of the c-Al0.66Ti0.34N/Interface/M2 steel coating system is proposed here. This c-Al0.66Ti0.34N coating was deposited by the arc-PVD technique. The values of the elastic modulus, the fracture energy release rate and the nano-hardness of the coating were obtained by nanoindentation. Normal and shear stress limits of the interface, as well as the adhesive and cohesive critical loads, were measured with the scratch test method. A finite element analysis, using the experimental mechanical properties, was carried out to understand the relationship between the irreversible work vs. depth curve and the mechanical failure evolution of the coating-substrate system, associating the pop-in with nucleation, crack growth and cracking pattern. Extended finite element method (XFEM) was applied for modeling of the mechanical behavior of the coating; the cohesive zones approach was applied for modeling the interface and the Ramberg-Osgood law for modeling the substrate. This approach proposes an experimental-numerical methodology for failure analysis of hard coatings (monolithic body) allowing to calculate fracture energy of the coating material and to model cracking patterns caused by contact mechanics. This work is the first step to answer questions about multi-scale approaches for multi-functional multi-layer coatings to push their enhancements and further applications.

Cancellations have a significant impact on the hotel and lodging industry because they directly affect income and are thus considered critical in revenue management. Specifically, cancellations made close to the time of service are the most damaging for hotels because they leave management with no time to react. The use of Personal Name Records (PNR) has led to new approaches in this field, however despite this novel research area there are no investigations focusing on forecasting for individual hotel cancellations made close to the time of service. With the aim of filling this gap, this research is intended to identify those individuals likely to make cancellations in a short-horizon of time using Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques through PNR data. Promising results have been achieved with 80% accuracy for cancellations made 7 days in advance. By taking this approach, booking management systems, as well as cancellation policies may be optimised.

Background:ANCA-associated vasculitis (AVV) are a heterogeneous group of systemic diseases that needs a better knowledge and approach due to the high mortality it presents.Objectives:Describe the clinical characteristics of patients with AAV assessed by the Rheumatology services in two university hospitals in Gran Canaria in the last decade, as well as clinical differences between the AAV subtypes.Methods:Characteristics of 34 patients diagnosed with AAV between January 2011 - December 2018 were collected retrospectively. The patients met ACR classification criteria and consensus criteria from Chapell Hill-2012. Variables are compared using the χ2 test for dichotomous variables or the t-Student test for continuos variables. For non-continuous variable, Mann-Whitney U or a logarithmic transformation was usedResults:21 (61.7%) patients were women. We found 14 granulomatosis with polyangeiitis (GPA 41.2%), 10 microscopic polyangeiitis (MPA) and 10 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangeiitis (EGP) (29.4%). They presented an average follow-up time (±SD) of 46.3 months (±26.8). Patients with MPA presented an older age at diagnosis and a higher proportion were diagnosed with age> 65 years (p = 0.003).The mean (±SD) of the BVAS index of activity at diagnosis was 15,7 (± 7.9). 80,5% of the patients presented positivity against ANCA: 34,4% c-ANCA and 65.5% (Clinical manifestations in Table 1).TABLE 1.INITIAL CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONSALL THE PATIENTS (n=34)GPA (n=14)MPA (n=10)EGP (n=10)p valueOtolaryngological involvement13(92.9%)2(20%)6(60%)0.001Interstitial lung disease5 (14.7%)05 (50%)0Renal involvement0.027- Reno-pulmonary syndrome6 (17,6%)3 (21.4%)2 (20%)1 (10%)- Renal Involvement - glomerulonephritis10 (29.4%)3 (21.4%)6 (60%)1 (10%)- Basal proteinuria >1 gr/24 hs13 (38.2%)4 (28.5%)7 (70%)1 (10%)Alveolar pulmonary hemorrhage not associated with renal involvement2 (5.8%)01 (10%)1 (10%)Manifestations Peripheral Nervous System10 (29.4%)2 (14.2%)4 (40%)4 (40%)Cardiomyopathy3 (8.8%)003 (30%)Eye involvement (scleritis/conjunctivitis/keratitis/uveitis)6 (17.6%)6 (42.8%)000.0121 (61.7%) patients received cyclophosphamide and 3 (8.8%) patients received rituximab as induction treatment. Azathioprine was the most commonly used maintenance treatment (41,1%). 16 (47%) patients had renal involvement. An improvement in proteinuria was observed, both in GPA (p=0.008) and in MPA (p=0,03) (Renal outcomes in Table 2). No patient received kidney transplant.TABLE 2.RENAL OUTCOMESGPA (n= 6)MPA (n=8)p VALUEBasal serum creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dl2.07 (1.1)3.08 (2.06)0.3934Basal proteinuria, mean (SD), mg/dl2264 (1391.5)2731.2 (1334.7)0.8348Last serum Creatinine, mean (SD), mg/dl2,2 (1.4)2,1 (1.5)0.5577Last proteinuria, mean (SD), mg/dl485 (457.9)326 (110.4)0.4704Interestingly, 5 patients (14.7%), all of them MPA, presented interstitial lung disease (ILD), 3 of them (60%) prior to systemic involvement (9, 10 and 82 months). 3 patients had an usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) pattern, none had a non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern and two had other patterns.15 patients had 17 relapses. Five (14.7%) patients had serious infections. Eight (23.5%) patients died: 4 due to progression of ILD, 2 due to vasculitis manifestations.Conclusion:ILD can be considered a relatively frequent manifestation of this group of diseases. A high percentage of patients had recurrences. Mortality remains high in AAV and in our series ILD is a frequent cause of death.Disclosure of Interests:Francisco Javier Nóvoa Medina Speakers bureau: I have been paid as a speaker for a few medical talks, Francisco Rubiño: None declared, Beatriz Tejera-Segura Speakers bureau: I have been paid as a speaker for a few medical talks, Beatriz Romero Díaz: None declared, Sergio Machín García: None declared, Iñigo Rua-Figueroa: None declared

Background:The presence of anti-aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase (ARS) autoantibodies is essential for the antisynthetase syndromes (ASSD) diagnosis; as well, Anti-Jo1 ARS positivity is the highest weighted criterion in the 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).Previous studies have shown differences in ARS specificity between different blot assays. Nevertheless, an adequate clinical correlation and its detection by another monospecific-assays or indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA), can safeguard it.Objectives:To evaluate the prevalence of Anti-Jo1 ARS and their performance in the ASSD and IIM diagnosis criteria fulfillment in a real-world population.Methods:We performed an observational retrospective study in one center in which IIFA and a blot assay (EUROLINE ANA Profile 3-IgG that include Anti-Jo1 but not other ARS) were performed in all cases with autoimmune disease suspicion (03/2007-07/2019).We assessed: 1) Anti-Jo1 ARS prevalence, 2) The rate of Anti-Jo1 positivity in the performed blot assays, 3) The rate of patients with Anti-Jo1 ARS meeting ASSD or IIM criteria, and 4) The rate of true and false positive Anti-Jo1 ARS considering the IIFA and clinical correlation.Results:A total of 419.361 inhabitants are under the center coverage area at the date, a total of 12.711 blot assays were performed during the observation period, and 61 cases presented Anti-Jo1 ARS positivity. The Anti-Jo1 ARS prevalence in the whole studied population was 0.00014, representing 0.04% positivity of the performed blot assays.Of those with Anti-Jo1 positivity:– Only 4 patients (6.6%) met Solomon´s ASSD criteria and 26 (42.6%) met Connors ASSD criteria (less strict), representing the 0.0009% and 0.006% of the whole population respectively.– Five cases (8.2%) presented a possible or probable IIM by Bohan and Peter criteria and 55 cases (90.16%) presented a probable or definitive IIM by EULAR/ACR criteria, representing 0.001% and the 0.013% of the whole population respectively.– The Anti-Jo1 positivity was not confirmed by a monospecific-assay. Nevertheless, 52 cases (85.25%) presented positive IIFA (>1/80): 27 (51.92%) nuclear, 12 (23.08%) cytoplasmic and 12 (25%) with both patterns. A total of 23 cases presented a fine speckled AC-19/AC-20 pattern; representing the 40.98% of all Anti-Jo1 ARS cases.– Only 4 cases (6.56%) did not meet any of the ASSD or IIM classification criteria. And only 4 cases (6.56%) fulfilled Solomon ASSD criteria or presented a probable IIM by Bohan and Peter criteria, or a definite IIM by EULAR/ACR criteria. Thus, we can estimate that 6.56% of the cases were clinically false positives and other 6.56% were clinically true positive; leading a gap of 86.88% of cases with Anti-Jo1 ARS that only fulfill Connors ASSD criteria (less strict) or a not complete score to confirm the IIM diagnosis by Bohan and Peter or EULAR/ACR criteria.Conclusion:The low prevalence of Anti-Jo1 ARS positivity observed and the low number of cases with confirmed ASSD or IIM in the Anti-Jo1 positive detected cases, suggest that:– It is not efficient to test it by screening.– It should be tested only under adequate clinical suspicion.– Probably it is not convenient to include it in not myositis specific blot assays. Despite it is desirable to incorporate the evaluation of myositis specific antibodies in the IIM classification criteria; the differences observed between Bohan and Peter and 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria fulfillment in our series, suggest that the latter could be overweighting the Anti-Jo1 ARS positivity.Disclosure of Interests:Martín Greco: None declared, María Jesús García de Yébenes: None declared, Francisco Javier Nóvoa Medina Speakers bureau: I have been paid as a speaker for a few medical talks, José A Hernandez Beriain: None declared, Marta María Riaño Ruiz: None declared, María Jesús Montesa: None declared, Iñigo Rua-Figueroa: None declared, Estíbaliz Loza Grant/research support from: Roche, Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Novartis, Gebro, Adacap, Astellas, BMS, Lylly, Sanofi, Eisai, Leo, Sobi, Loreto Carmona Grant/research support from: Novartis Farmaceutica, SA, Pfizer, S.L.U., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Roche Farma, S.A, Sanofi Aventis, AbbVie Spain, S.L.U., and Laboratorios Gebro Pharma, SA (All trhough institution)

Worldwide studies towards development of new drugs with a lower rate in emergence of bacterial resistance have been conducted. The molecular docking analysis gives a possibility to predict the activity of new compounds before to perform their synthesis. In this work, the molecular docking analysis of 64 Linezolid dipeptide-type analogues was performed to predict their activity. The most negative scores correspond to six Fmoc-protected analogues (9as, 9bs, 9bu, 10as, 10ax and 10ay) where Fmoc group interacts in PTC for Linezolid. Twenty-six different Fmoc-protected Linezolid dipeptide-type analogues 9(as-bz) and 10(as-bz) were synthesized and tested in antimicrobial experiments. Compounds 9as, 9ay, 9ax, 10as, 10ay and 9bu show significant activity against group A Streptococcus clinical isolated. Analogue 10ay also display high activity against ATCC 25923 Staphylococcus aureus strain and MRSA-3, MRSA-4 and MRSA-5 clinical isolates, with MIC values lower than Linezolid. The highest activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was exhibited by 9bu. Finally, a cytotoxicity assay with ARPE-19 human cells revealed a non-cytotoxic effect of 9bu and 10ay at 50 and 25 μM, respectively.

There is great interest in studies on the implications that gut microbiota exerts on the behavior of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Most studies on microbiota are focused on the possible involvement of bacteria on people with ASD, but few of them are focussed on the effect of microorganisms in the Fungi kingdom.The present study performs a systematic review of the presence of Candida spp. in people with ASD using the PRISMA method.A total of three articles were found after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria of the systematic review. Two studies coincided in reporting significant differences in the increase in the frequency of the Candida spp. genus in people with ASD. while the third study did not report significant differences of Candida spp. genus between people with ASD.Although there is a clear lack of investigation of both the Candida ssp. genus and the whole Fungi kingdom in people with ASD, the studies point to an important presence of this genre in this group. Specifically, in the results found in this review, the highest prevalence of the C. albicans in children with ASD stands out. However, little is still known about the involvement of Candida spp., and other types of fungi, on gastrointestinal symptoms and ASD symptoms, in children with ASD.Candida spp. en la microbiota intestinal de las personas con autismo: revision sistematica.Introduccion. Existe gran interes en los estudios sobre las implicaciones que la microbiota intestinal ejerce en el comportamiento de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) a traves del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro. La mayoria de los estudios sobre microbiota estan enfocados en la posible implicacion de las bacterias sobre personas con TEA, pero pocos versan sobre el efecto de los microorganismos del reino Fungi. Sujetos y metodos. Se realiza una revision sistematica mediante el protocolo PRISMA de la presencia de Candida spp. en las personas con TEA. Resultados. Se encontro un total de tres articulos tras aplicar los criterios de exclusion e inclusion de la revision sistematica. Dos estudios coincidieron en mostrar diferencias significativas en el aumento de la frecuencia del genero Candida spp. en personas con TEA, mientras que en otro no se hallaron diferencias. Conclusiones. Pese a que existe una clara falta de investigacion tanto del genero Candida ssp. como de todo el reino Fungi en las personas con TEA, los estudios apuntan a una importante presencia de dicho genero en este colectivo. Concretamente, en los resultados encontrados se destaca la mayor prevalencia del genero C. albicans en los niños con TEA. Sin embargo, aun se sabe poco sobre la implicacion de Candida spp. y otros tipos de hongos sobre los sintomas gastrointestinales y la sintomatologia del autismo en niños con TEA.

Background: We aimed to assess the prevalence and association between spirometric alterations and Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Method: We retrospectively analysed all patients who underwent a sleep study for suspected SDB during 2016 at our Sleep Unit. A sleep study was performed to confirm or rule out SDB. Lung function was measured by means of an spirometry. Moderate-to-severe SDB (MSDB) was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI)≥15. Results: 611 subjects (70.9% males) were analysed. The mean (SD) age was 52.7 (13.0) years, body mass index 32.2 (6.5) Kg/m2, AHI 33.9 (25.6), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 2,835 (945) mL and FEV1/FVC ratio 86.6% (17.9). Normal, restrictive, obstructive (OP) and mixed patterns were found in 446 (73%), 105 (17.2%), 46 (7.5%) and 14 (2.3%) subjects, respectively. A MSDB was diagnosed in 447 (73.2%) patients. Compared to the group with normal spirometry, those with any spirometric alteration had a significantly higher AHI (32.4±23.9 vs 37.9±29.5, p=0.017) and night-time O2 saturation Conclusions: Spirometric alterations are common in patients with suspected SDB, with a predominance of restrictive patterns. The prevalence of an OP in patients with suspected SDB is low. No associations were found between the presence of an OP and SDB, although patients with both disorders had greater night-time desaturation.

Puerto Rican and Cuban populations are 2 of the most important migration groups in Florida. Awareness about organ donation among them is fundamental. It is important to determine the factors that influence attitudes toward organ donation.To analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation (LKD) among Florida's Puerto Rican residents.Study population: Population born in Puerto Rico resident in Florida (United States).A sample of population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Instrument valuation: LKD attitude questionnaire Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donantesobre Donación de Vivo Renal, Rios.for the study: Random selection based on stratification. Immigration support associations in Florida were needed to locate potential respondents. Anonymized and self-administered with verbal consent completion.Of the 259 respondents, 55% (n = 143) are in favor of related LKD (family or friends). The following factors were associated with this attitude: marital status (P = .008); educational level (P .001); personal experience with organ donation and transplantation (P .001); attitude toward deceased organ donation (P .001); realization of prosocial activities (P = .02); family comments about organ donation (P .001) and comments within couples (P .001); not being concerned about possible mutilation of the body after donation (P .001); believing that one's own religion was in favor of donation and transplantation (P .001); economic incentives of donation (P .001), and evaluation of the risk from living kidney donation (P .001). In the multivariate analysis, only marital status is featured as an independent variable (odds ratio, 32.258; P .001).The attitude toward related LKD among the Puerto Rican population who resides in Florida is not very favorable; only 55% would do it.

The objective of this work was to identify the role of family physicians in the care of patients and their families in the approach to the end of life. Nowadays, with the increase in the demand for care of patients with terminal illnesses, there is also evidence on the lack of physicians with the profile and skills to fulfil this coverage deficit. A review of the literature was carried out in five databases from January 2015 to May 2018, and concluded that family doctors, based on their professional skills, ability to engage with the patients, their families, and their performance in the coordination of medical resources, are in an ideal position to attend and solve complex problems of patients at the end of life. In the present review, the specific roles of family physicians in clinical and psychosocial areas, and also the difficulties in facing the challenges in the care of patients and families undergoing the end of life process are described.

San Jerónimo de Yuste buildings are located in Bogotá, on sloping ground, in the foothills of the city. These buildings were built between 2008 and 2011 by the company BIO Construcciones, as part of a broader development project promoted by the family compensation fund Compensar. During the months of May and June 2013 the slope suffered both vertical and horizontal displacements that visibly damaged two of the buildings, which were then evacuated. This paper presents the studies conducted by the Architecture and Engineering Schools at Universidad de los Andes, in order to determine the causes that led to movement, estimate the safety factor and propose interventions at the geotechnical and structural levels which would allow the recovery of the affected buildings., El conjunto residencial San Jerónimo de Yuste se encuentra ubicado en Bogotá, en un terreno inclinado en el pie de monte de los cerros orientales de la ciudad. Fue construido entre 2008 y 2011, como parte de un proyecto de urbanización promovido por la caja de compensación familiar Compensar. Durante mayo y junio de 2013 el terreno presentó desplazamientos tanto verticales como horizontales que generaron daños visibles en las estructuras y motivaron la evacuación de dos de las seis torres que conforman el conjunto. El presente trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación que llevaron a cabo los grupos de investigación de las facultades de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de la Universidad de los Andes para determinar las causas que condujeron al evento de desplazamiento de la estructura debidas al movimiento del terreno, estimar el coeficiente de seguridad actual y proponer intervenciones geotécnicas y estructurales que permitan recuperar la edificación.

Background Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare autoinflammatory polygenic bone disease characterised by aseptic bone inflammation in paediatric population. Its management, clinical, radiological findings and treatment have not yet been standardised. Objectives Retrospective, descriptive multicentric study of patients diagnosed of CRMO in four tertiary level hospitals’ paediatric rheumatology section. There were 16 patients included. The clinical, radiological characteristics where analysed as well as response to treatment options. Results The median age at diagnosis was 10,5 years, female:male ratio 62,5:37,5%. The delay in the diagnosis had a median of 4.5 months, being less than one year in 11 patients. Bone pain was the first symptom in 100% of the patients accompanied by fever in 25% of them. A single patient presented perilesional arthritis. A slight-moderate increase on acute fase reactants was observed at the debut of the disease: median ESR 47.5 mm/h. The median number of locations at debut was 2.5 (range 1–14), with multifocal involvement in 75%. The most frequent location was tibia (56%), followed by pelvis (44%) and vertebrae (31,25%). Other locations less fenquent were: carpus (12.5%), femur (12.5%) mandible (6%) and sternum (6%). Biopsy was performed in 14/16 patients and bone scintigraphy with Tc99 in 12/16 patients, with pathological uptake observed in 91.6% of cases. MRI was the radiological test of suspected diagnosis in 15/16 patients. NSAIDs were the initial treatment. 5 patients received different antibiotic therapy regimens, without clinical or radiological improvement. 56.25% of patients required other treatments. Systemic corticosteroids were used in 12.5% of patients and bisphosphonates in 43.75% (100% of patients with axial involvement). After 6 months of treatment with biphosphonates, 57.14% had complete remission, 28.57% partial remission and 14.28% worsening. 12.5% of the patients had a torpid evolution, receiving sequential therapies with multiple synthetic or biological DMARDs (Anakinra, Canakinumab, Etanercept), and another 12.5% required surgery. Conclusions The diagnosis of CRMO is a challenge in the absence of pathognomonic features which leads to delay in diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. In our centres the biphosphonates were the treatment strategy used in patients with spinal involvement with 85.67% response at 6 moths. Disclosure of Interest None declared

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare patency rates and risk of obstruction of catheter exchange (CE) with that of CE with fibrin sheath angioplasty (CE + FSA) in dysfunctional tunneled central hemodialysis venous catheter (CHVC). Materials and methods A total of 107 consecutive patients with dysfunctional CHVC were retrospectively included. There were 66 men and 41 women with a mean age of 67.8 ± 12.5 (SD) years (range: 23.0–86.0 years). Seventy-three of 107 patients (68.2%) underwent CE procedure and 34 of 107 (31.8%) underwent CE + FSA. Kaplan–Meier log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine patency rates and risk of obstruction according to type of endovascular procedure. Results Patency rates after endovascular procedures at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months follow up were 75%, 75%, 65%, 65% and 65% in CE + FSA group and 70%, 65%, 62%, 30% and 0% in CE group. Mean time until obstruction of CHVC was 778.4 days after CE + FSA and 497 days after CE (P = 0.211). Endovascular procedure was unrelated to risk of obstruction in adjusted model (HR = 1.34; P = 0.515). Conclusions Our findings suggest that both techniques are equivalent in terms of patency and safety results, so other aspects as cost assessment should be considered when choosing between both techniques.

Sarcomas are an infrequent and heterogeneous group of neoplasia. Surgery with or without associated radiotherapy (RT) is the basic treatment for this type of tumour. To increase the therapeutic ratio (the index between cytotoxic effects in tumours and normal tissue complications with a certain dose of radiation), new advances are being investigated to increase local and distant control and to decrease the morbidity of the treatment. The aim of this review was to analyse the different strategies, based on technology and biology, which are being investigated to increase the therapeutic ratio of this disease.

The presence of formaldehyde at workplace remains significant. Exposure to it results in local irritation of the eye, nose and upper respiratory tract mucous membranes, and it has been chronically related to a higher risk of cancer development at the paranasal sinuses, naso-oropharynx and lungs. The aim of our work has been the updating of the bibliography and the categorization of the most up to date scientific evidence of formaldehyde effects on human body. Bibliographic search on the electronic database Medline / PubMed, restricted to the last 10 years through a combination of free and controlled language.Review of 185 scientific articles, finally including 54 due to duplicity, language, and inclusion criteria. We find among the main results a major evidence regarding genotoxicity; limited, inconsistent, and contradictory evidence regarding various neoplastic pathologies; and lack of evidence regarding bronchial asthma. Further studies have to be carried out, especially longitudinal studies and greater epidemiological power, to generate new knowledge about the behavior of this toxic.La presencia del formaldehido en el ámbito laboral sigue siendo importante. La exposición produce irritación local de mucosas oculares, nasales y del tracto respiratorio superior, y crónicamente se ha asociado con mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer a nivel de senos paranasales, naso-orofaringe y pulmón. Esta revisión tiene por objetivo actualizar la bibliografía y categorizar la evidencia científica más actualizada de los efectos que el formaldehido produce sobre el organismo humano. Búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos electrónica Medline/PubMed, limitada a los últimos 10 años mediante combinación de lenguaje libre y controlado. Se revisaron 185 artículos con inclusión final de 54 tras descartar por duplicidad, idioma y criterios de inclusión. Se observa un elevado grado de evidencia respecto a la genotoxicidad, evidencia contradictoria, inconsistente o limitada respecto a patologías neoplásicas de origen hematopoyético, laringe, naso-sinusales o de pulmón y falta de evidencia sobre la relación con el asma bronquial. Es preciso efectuar nuevos estudios, especialmente con carácter longitudinal y mayor potencia epidemiológica, para generar nuevo conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de este tóxico.

The number of foreign residents in Spain increased significantly with Moroccans and Algerians as the 2 largest nationalities. However, there are no studies that analyze their awareness of living kidney donation although an increasing number of patients of these nationalities are included on the waiting list. The aim of this study is to analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation among the population of Spain residents born in Algeria. METHODS The study population was Spain residents born in Algeria. A sample of the population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward living kidney donation (PCID-DVR Rios). A random selection of people to be surveyed was carried out. RESULTS Of the 420 respondents, 64% of respondents are in favor of related living kidney donation (family or friends). The remaining 36% were against or undecided. The factors associated with this attitude are personal reasons and family (P < .001). Psychosocial factors are not related to this attitude (P < .001). The following factors were associated with this attitude: (1) not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (P < .001) and (2) evaluation of the risk from living kidney donation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The attitude toward related living kidney donation among the population of Spain residents born in Algeria is unfavorable. Only 64% would do it, and it is associated with affective factors and the evaluation of the risk from living kidney donation.

Immigrants from Ecuador represent the largest group of Latin Americans in Spain and are, therefore, a subgroup of interest to understand their attitudes and influences in respect to organ donation and transplantation.To analyze the attitude of nationals of Ecuador residing in Spain regarding deceased organ donation.The study population included the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain. A sample of population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex (n=461). Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward organ donation (PCID-DTO-Ríos). Assistance from immigration support associations in Spain was needed to advice on the location of potential respondents.Attitude toward cadaveric donation was favorable in 59% (n=271) of respondents, 12% (n=57) were against cadaveric donation, and 29% (n=133) were undecided. Several variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude. In the multivariate analysis, the following variables were independently associated with a more positive attitude toward organ donation: 1. level of formal education (odds ratio [OR]=6.849 [25.641-1.818]; P = .004); 2. being in favor of donating a family member's organs (OR=8.849 [20.833-3.717]; P .001); 3. having commented at a family level about transplant (OR=3.717 [6.578-2.109]; P .001); 4. not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (OR=4.608 [8.547-2.487]; P .001) and 5. knowing the attitude of one's religion toward donation (OR=7.462 [34.482-1.623]; P = .010).The attitude toward cadaveric organ donation among the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain is less favorable than that of the Spanish population and is determined by many different psychosocial variables.

Introduction . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective . The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method . One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results . Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating ( OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index ( OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index ( OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions . Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

International audience; A pyrrolyl-containing [N-P]-ligand (L1) and [Ru] were evaluated as catalytic system in transfer hydrogenation reaction of ketones. A comparison between microwave irradiation vs conventional heating conditions indicates that MW can be successfully used as energy source, improving the reaction time. The L1/Ru(II) proved to be an active, efficient and robust catalytic system. The scope of this catalytic system was evaluated using a diversity of substrates that include electron-withdrawing and electron-donor groups achieving a range of 65 to 95% conversion. Moreover, the catalytic system showed good activity even with highly sterically hindered ketones.

Neutrinoless double beta decay (0 nu beta beta) is considered the best potential resource to access the absolute neutrino mass scale. Moreover, if observed, it will signal that neutrinos are their own anti-particles (Majorana particles). Presently, this physics case is one of the most important research “beyond Standard Model” and might guide the way towards a Grand Unified Theory of fundamental interactions. Since the 0 nu beta beta decay process involves nuclei, its analysis necessarily implies nuclear structure issues. In the NURE project, supported by a Starting Grant of the European Research Council (ERC), nuclear reactions of double charge-exchange (DCE) are used as a tool to extract information on the 0 nu beta beta Nuclear Matrix Elements. In DCE reactions and beta beta decay indeed the initial and final nuclear states are the same and the transition operators have similar structure. Thus the measurement of the DCE absolute cross-sections can give crucial information on beta beta matrix elements. In a wider view, the NUMEN international collaboration plans a major upgrade of the INFN-LNS facilities in the next years in order to increase the experimental production of nuclei of at least two orders of magnitude, thus making feasible a systematic study of all the cases of interest as candidates for 0 nu beta beta.

One of the most important elements in the mobility of the developed cities is the road traffic management. The mobility determines the quality of citizens’ living conditions because of many reasons, security, efficiency, and the environmental impact. Focusing on security, according to World Health Organization (WHO), every year two millions of people die as a result of traffic accidents. Moreover between twenty and fifty millions of people suffer non-fatal injuries and a proportion of these people suffer from a disability. These injuries affect both the family economy and the country. For this reason, amongst others, it is required to equip the mobility managers with the proper tools to get a precise idea about the current situation and estimate future state. These tools facilitate the decision-making and the development of mobility.

This is the second paper of a series making use of Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of evolved stars in the THROES catalogue to study the inner regions of their circumstellar envelopes (CSEs). We analyze the CO emission spectra, including a large number of high-$J$ CO lines (from $J$=14-13 to $J$=45-44), as a proxy for the warm molecular gas in the CSEs of a sample of bright carbon-rich stars spanning different evolutionary stages from the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) to the young planetary nebulae (PNe) phase. We use the rotational diagram (RD) to derive rotational temperatures ($T_{\rm rot}$) and masses ($M_{\rm H_2}$) of the envelope layers where the CO transitions arise. We also obtain a first order estimate of the mass-loss rates and assess the impact of the opacity correction for a range of characteristic envelope radii. We use multi-epoch spectra for the well studied C-rich envelope IRC+10216 to investigate the impact of CO flux variability on the values of $T_{\rm rot}$ and $M_{\rm H_2}$. PACS sensitivity allowed the study of higher rotational numbers than before, indicating the presence of a significant amount of warmer gas ($\sim$200-900 K) not traceable with lower-$J$ CO observations at sub-mm/mm wavelengths. The masses are in the range $\sim10^{-2}-10^{-5}\,\rm M_{\odot}$, anti-correlated with temperature. For some strong CO emitters we infer a double temperature (warm $T_{\rm rot}\sim$400 K and hot $T_{\rm rot}\sim$820 K) component. From the analysis of IRC+10216, we corroborate that the effect of line variability is perceptible on the $T_{\rm rot}$ of the hot component only, and certainly insignificant on $M_{\rm H_2}$ and, hence, the mass-loss rate. Therefore, the parameters derived from the RD are robust even when strong line flux variability occurs, with the major source of uncertainty in the estimate of the mass-loss rate being the size of the CO-emitting volume., Comment: accepted in A&A

Cathodo- and thermoluminescence emission of calcium phosphates, synthetized by chemical precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy have been studied. Thermal treatment at 1100°C increases the crystallinity, a phase transition (hydroxylapatite + β-tricalcium phosphate → β-tricalcium phosphate) and an enhancement of the luminescence emission. Cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence display a very complex spectra in the UV–IR range where the wavebands would be associated with the presence of (i) hydroxyl groups, (ii) nonbridging oxygen hole centers, (iii) excited oxygens, (iv) peroxy groups, and (v) residual iron ions in the lattice., A. Barrera-Villatoro thanks to UMSNH through the coordination of scientific research coordination CIC-UMSNH 12937 and to CONACYT under research project 177912 and 223069 for their support. C. Boronat thanks to “Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid, Spain” and “Fondo Social Europeo, Belgium” (PEJ15/BIO/AI-0418) for the support provided under the “Operativo de Empleo Juvenil y la Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil (YEI)” program (B.O.C.M. Núm.152. Orden 1880/2015, de 16 de junio del 2015).

This PVR summary was performed after analysing 30 PVR questionnaires from expert vitreoretinal surgeons. There are many tips and tricks shared by many of them despite they are referred to only one. I want to appreciate their kind collaboration with this chapter.

In a fresh RD surgery, what technique would you use to identify a retinal hole or microtear if you could not find it after looking for it?

Este estudio analiza las acciones ofensivas que terminan en gol a lo largo de las temporadas 2.012-2.013 y 2.013-2.014 en la liga de futbol sala profesional espanol determinando las relaciones entre las variables anteriores que estan involucrados en estas acciones. Los goles totales analizados han sido 2.449. El metodo utilizado fue una metodologia observacional a traves del programa Lince vl.2. Para el analisis estadistico se utilizo el programa IBM SPSS 19.0.0 para determinar la asociacion o independencia entre las variables zona de tiro-superficie de contacto-tipo de tiro y tipo de accion-numero de pases-jugadores involucrados. Los resultados muestran que la mayoria de los goles en futbol sala se producen en jugadas rapidas de 1-2 pases con 1-2 jugadores participantes y que con defensas organizadas se requiere un mayor numero de pases y la participacion de 3 jugadores para encontrar lineas de pase antes de disparar con opciones de hacer gol.PALABRAS CLAVE: futbol sala, analisis observacional, goles, liga de futbol sala profesional espanol.ABSTRACTThis article analyse the offensive actions ending goal along the seasons 2.012-2.013 and 2.013-2.014 of the Spanish professional futsal league and determine the relationships between the previous variables which are involved in these actions and influence goal. The total goals analyzed have been 2.449. The method used in this study was observational methodology. For the observational process, it has been used the observational software Lince vl.2.1. It has been carried out using the IBM SPSS 19.0.0 program to determine the association or independence between variables zone from which the shot is taken-contact surface-type of shot and type of play-number of passes-players involved. The results show with organized defenses, a bigger number of passes and the participation of 3 players touching the ball to find passing lanes before shooting with goal options are required and most of the goals in actual futsal occur in fast moves of 1-2 passes with 1 or 2 players involved in it. KEY WORDS: futsal, observational analysis, goals, spanish professional futsal league.