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To evaluate radiology residents' opinions about breast imaging and the possibility of choosing this subspecialty after completing their residency.We elaborated a 15-question survey aimed at radiology residents in Spain. The survey was approved by the Spanish Society of Breast Imaging (SEDIM) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM), and it was disseminated by the SERAM through links to Google Forms via social networks and emails. Responses sent between February 21, 2020 and July 31, 2020 were accepted.A total of 72 residents responded to the survey (7.83% response rate); 69.44% of these were third- or fourth-year residents. Of the respondents, 73.61% knew about the SEDIM, and 18.06% knew about the European Society of Breast Imaging. The duration of training programs was three months for 70.83% of respondents. In 7.84% of the responses, residents stated that their supervision was less than 50%, and 70.59% of the residents stated that the rotation exceeded their expectations. One-third of the respondents would consider a fellowship in breast imaging. In all hospitals, residents did diagnostic mammography and breast ultrasound; not all did interventional procedures. Aspects of breast imaging that were rated negatively included the lack of CT studies and the possible legal repercussions of errors. Aspects that were rated positively were dynamics, interventionism, and the role of the radiologist in the process of care for patients with breast cancer.Most residents considered that their rotations in breast imaging exceeded their expectations; however, only a small percentage of residents would consider specializing in the field.

Habitualmente, en el manejo del paciente con traumatismo cráneo-encefálico grave (TCEG), las recomendaciones suelen ir dirigidas al control de la presión intracraneal, siendo llamativa la ausencia de indicaciones específicas sobre el manejo de la anemia1. Fisiopatológicamente, si no tenemos en cuenta los niveles de hemoglobina (Hb), probablemente pudiéramos alcanzar un nivel adecuado de presión de perfusión cerebral, pero con una calidad deficiente en la oxigenación tisular (fig. 1). Es incuestionable que nuestras prácticas en este contexto deben perseguir las recomendaciones europeas «Patient Blood Management», para intentar minimizar las pérdidas sanguíneas, optimizar la hemostasia y, por tanto, evitar de forma multidisciplinar la anemización del paciente, evitando transfusiones innecesarias2.

Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund "A way to make Europe"/" Investing in your future" [PI18/0004, PI20/0320, PT17/0015/0043]; ISCIII; MCIN; Pro-CNIC Foundation; Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence program [CEX2020-001041-S]; ISCIII [CM20/00101], Frutos F. de, Ochoa JP, Navarro-Peñalver M, Baas A, Bjerre JV, Zorio E, Méndez I, Lorca R, Verdonschot JAJ, García-Granja PE, Bilinska Z, Fatkin D, Fuentes-Cañamero ME, García-Pinilla JM, García-Álvarez MI, Girolami F, Barriales-Villa R, Díez-López C, Lopes LR, Wahbi K, García-Álvarez A, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Rekondo-Olaetxea J, Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Gallego-Delgado M, Meder B, Kubanek M, Hansen FG, Restrepo-Córdoba MA, Palomino-Doza J, Ruiz-Guerrero L, Sarquella-Brugada G, Perez-Perez AJ, Bermúdez-Jiménez FJ, Ripoll-Vera T, Rasmussen TB, Jansen M, Sabater-Molina M, Elliot PM, Garcia-Pavia P; European Genetic Cardiomyopathies Initiative Investigators

Autism is a complex alteration in children’s developing nervous system that manifests in behavioral patterns that do not match those of typical subjects. Moreover, starting at puberty, these children may encounter problems regarding social interaction related to sexual encounters. As studies are scarce, we used the valproate model of autism in the zebrafish to contribute to the knowledge related to sexual behavior in this disorder. Young zebrafish were reproduced, embryos collected, and organized in groups of control or treated with valproic acid, as the autism model. Sexual behavior was recorded in fish from these embryos as they became sexually active. The results show that the zebrafish’s sexual behavior is organized into appetitive, preconsummatory, and consummatory behaviors, as in other vertebrates. In the autism model, the patterns of sexual behavior are present but with significant modifications. The behavior of males was the most affected, while in females, the most affected parameter was oviposition. These results show that, in the autism model of zebrafish, sexual behavior is not suppressed, but it seems that critical changes occur in the neuroendocrine system that reduces reproductive success. Furthermore, the enriched environment was beneficial in maintaining the consummatory behaviors of females and males with autism-like behaviors.

A set of four composite materials was prepared, consisting of a nanosponge matrix based on beta-cyclodextrin in which carbon nitride was dispersed. The materials were characterized by the presence of diverse cross-linker units joining the cyclodextrin moieties, in order to vary the absorption/release abilities of the matrix. The composites were characterized and used as photocatalysts in aqueous medium under UV, visible and natural solar irradiation for the photodegradation of 4-nitrophenol, and for the selective partial oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and veratryl alcohol to the corresponding aldehydes. The nanosponge-C3N4 composites showed higher activity than the pristine semiconductor, which can probably be attributed to the synergic effect of the nanosponge, capable of increasing the substrate concentration near the surface of the photocatalyst.[GRAPHICS].

Forests are threatened globally by increased recurrence and intensity of hot droughts. Functionally close coexisting species may exhibit differences in drought vulnerability large enough to cause niche differentiation and affect forest dynamics. The effect of rising atmospheric [CO2], which could partly alleviate the negative effects of drought, may also differ between species. We analysed functional plasticity in seedlings of two taxonomically close pine species (Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L.) under different [CO2] and water stress levels. The multidimensional functional trait variability was more influenced by water stress (preferentially xylem traits) and [CO2] (mostly leaf traits) than by differences between species. However, we observed differences between species in the strategies followed to coordinate their hydraulic and structural traits under stress. Leaf 13C discrimination decreased with water stress and increased under elevated [CO2]. Under water stress both species increased their sapwood area to leaf area ratios, tracheid density and xylem cavitation, whereas they reduced tracheid lumen area and xylem conductivity. Pinus pinea was more anisohydric than P. pinaster. Pinus pinaster produced larger conduits under well-watered conditions than P. pinea. Pinus pinea was more tolerant to water stress and more resistant to xylem cavitation under low water potentials. The higher xylem plasticity in P. pinea, particularly in tracheid lumen area, expressed a higher capacity of acclimation to water stress than P. pinaster. In contrast, P. pinaster coped with water stress comparatively more by increasing plasticity of leaf hydraulic traits. Despite the small differences observed in the functional response to water stress and drought tolerance between species, these interspecific differences agreed with ongoing substitution of P. pinaster by P. pinea in forests where both species co-occur. Increased [CO2] had little effect on the species-specific relative performance. Thus, a competitive advantage under moderate water stress of P. pinea compared with P. pinaster is expected to continue in the future.

Objective: To search for an in vitro strategy to favor both germination and a greater number of seedlings in Tillandsia ionantha; also, to promote the development of future research on this species. Design/methodology/approach: Factor one: lighting conditions (light-dark), factor two: 13 preconditioning treatments, which included storage at room temperature and in refrigeration at 10° C, soaking (12 and 24 hours), with hydrogen peroxide (10 and 20 %), potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 %), gibberellins (50 and 150 ml.l-1), three alternate incubation temperatures (28, 32 and 36 °C). They were sown in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) at 25 %, adding 20 g.l-1 of sugar, 2 g.l-1 of activated carbon, and 5 .5 g.l-1 of agar. A flask with three seeds which coma removed was established as an experimental unit; 15 repetitions were established and placed in the incubation room at 24 °C with a photoperiod of 16:8. The germination process was recorded, and the seedlings were extracted two months after their establishment. Results: The treatment that resulted in the highest number of seeds that initiated the germination process and the highest number of plants was when the seeds were kept at room temperature. The highest contamination was observed in the treatment exposed to 32 °C. It was observed that 80% of the experimental units showed signs of imbibition within a few days, although the vast majority did not complete the process and the maximum yield was on average 1.4 seedlings. Conclusions: The best treatment is to use seeds stored at room temperature and if storage is necessary, to soak them for 12 h.

Photoreforming (PR) of biomass can be considered a viable technology under mild experimental conditions to produce hydrogen with a high reaction rate using compounds from renewable resources and waste materials. The application of biomass PR gives rise to both hydrogen generation and biomass waste valorization. The process could be scaled up to obtain hydrogen under natural sunlight irradiation, and research on polymeric carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts has been widely carried out in recent years. The non-metallic-based carbon nitride materials are economical and (photo)stable polymer semiconductors, and their physicochemical surface and electronic properties are optimal for obtaining H2, which can be considered a gas that does not cause major environmental problems. Some hindrances related to their structure, such as the low absorption of visible light and the relatively high recombination rate of electron-hole pairs, restrict the performance; therefore, it is necessary to improve their activity and the yield of the reaction by modifying them in various ways. Various types of solutions have been proposed in this regard, such as, for example, their coupling with other semiconductors to form composite materials. The current mini-review aims to overview the PR field, reporting some of the most interesting papers devoted to understanding the role of g-C3N4 in biomass PR. Information on many physico-chemical aspects related to the performance of the process and possible ways to obtain better results than those present up to now in the literature will be reported.

Introduction Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion is still a relevant clinical problem, especially in newborns and in the elderly. In this piece of work, we check the utility of curcumin and dexmedetomidine to overcome the damage induced by reperfusion, both locally and in distant organs, using α-tocopherol as a comparison. Methods In female Wag/RijHsd rats, the superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 1 h; then, animals were allowed 4 h of reperfusion. Curcumin (200 mg/kg, oral) was given 24 h and 2 h before clamping; α-tocopherol (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 2 h before ischemia, and dexmedetomidine (10 or 40 mg/kg, s.c.; dex-10 and dex-40, respectively) was given 15 minutes before ischemia. Blood samples and terminal ileum were collected. Additionally, a D-xylose absorption test was performed to evaluate intestinal absorption; 1h after D-xylose administration, D-xylose plasma levels were quantified (mg/ml). Results All of the treatments reduced histological damage assessed with Chiu's scale (non-treated, 2.6 ± 0.75; curcumin, 1.54 ± 0.8; dex-10, 1.47 ± 0.7; dex-40 1.43 ± 0.9; α-tocopherol, 1.01 ± 0.8) and improved absorption of D-xylose (healthy rats 2.06 ± 0.07; non-treated, 1.18 ± 0.07; curcumin 1.76 ± 0.30; dex-10, 2.29 ± 0.20; dex-40, 2.25 ± 0.26; α-tocopherol 1.66 ± 0.21). Dexmedetomidine improved renal function (it reduced both creatinine and urea in serum). The elevation of liver enzymes in serum was not improved by any of the drugs. Conclusions The three drugs proved to be useful, though α-tocopherol was more efficient regarding histological damage, and only dexmedetomidine restored D-xylose absorption to normal values.

Introduction Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) continue to be a therapeutic challenge, since their resectability is usually limited by the functionality of the liver remnant. In this context, it is necessary to study the regenerative response of the liver in a selective portal vein ligation (PVL) model, after the administration of 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, and to assess the effect of compensatory hypertrophy on tumor progression. Methods Twenty-eight WAG/RijHsd rats carrying CRCLM were divided into four groups: control, PVL, 5FU (50mg/kg) and 5FU+Oxaliplatin (50mg/kg+10mg/kg). After 18 days of tumor development, a dose of the corresponding treatment was administered, performing a PVL of 50% 72h later. Seven days later, tumor size was quantified and a biochemical profile was performed. Results The 5FU+Oxaliplatin and 5FU alone treatment decreased tumor growth by 6 and 3 times compared to the PVL and control groups, respectively (p0.05). Conclusion In our model, the combined therapy of 5-Fluorouracil and oxaliplatin, prior to PVL, does not affect the necessary hepatic regeneration; while the volume of tumor implants decreases, no significant alteration of the biochemical parameters is detected.

Purpose Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has been reported to protect against certain cancers. However, patient-related risk factors may moderate protective effects, including excess weight, smoking, risky alcohol use, and diabetes. We explore the cancer-risk relationship between aspirin intake and those four factors. Methods Retrospective cohort study of cancers, aspirin intake, and four risk factors in persons aged ≥50 years. Participants received medication during 2007–2016, and cancers were diagnosed in 2012–2016. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for aspirin intake and risk factors using Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 118,548 participants, 15,793 consumed aspirin, and 4003 had cancer. Results indicated a significant protective effect of aspirin against colorectal (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.6–0.8), pancreatic (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2–0.9), prostate (aHR: 0.6; 95%CI: 0.5–0.7) cancers and lymphomas (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2–0.9), and also, although not significantly, against esophageal (aHR: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.2–1.8), stomach (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.4–1.3), liver (aHR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.3–1.5), breast (aHR: 0.8; 95%CI: 0.6–1.0), and lung and bronchial (aHR: 0.9; 95%CI: 0.7–1.2) cancers. Aspirin intake was not significantly protective against leukemia (aHR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.7–1.4) or bladder cancer (aHR: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.8–1.3). Conclusions Our results suggest that aspirin intake is associated with a reduced incidence of colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers and lymphomas. This work was supported by contract 2019-DI-43 of the Industrial Doctorate Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Project PID2020-113614RB-C22 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033). Some authors are members of the 2014-SGR163 research group, funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. The author wishes to thank Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Santa Maria University Hospital, and the Catalan Health Service (CatSalut) in Lleida for research support and resources. The authors also acknowledge CSC – IT Center for Science in Finland for computing resources

Este artículo explora el tratamiento y la conversión de los registros de representación semiótica que movilizan estudiantes de ingeniería en agronomía acerca del objeto matemático ‘integral definida’ cuando tratan de apropiarse de su significado, apoyándose con el uso de GeoGebra. Con el sustento de la Teoría de Registro de Representación Semiótica y un análisis de carácter cualitativo de un estudio de caso, se muestran los desarrollos generados por los estudiantes a la tarea de modelar la integral definida de una situación contextualizada. Dentro de los resultados se identifica que el uso del software apoyó, principalmente, a la mediación entre el tratamiento tabular y gráfico, y a su vez, la conversión de estos a un lenguaje algebraico fuera del computador.

Hypothyroidism exerts deleterious effects on immunity, but the precise role of the hypothalamicpituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in immunoregulatory and tolerogenic programs is barely understood. Here we investigated the mechanisms underlying hypothyroid-related immunosuppression by examining the regulatory role of components of the HPT axis. We first analyzed lymphocyte activity in mice overexpressing the TRH gene (Tg-Trh). T cells from TgTrh showed increased proliferation than wild type (WT) euthyroid mice in response to polyclonal activation. The release of Th1 proinflammatory cytokines was also increased in TgTrh, and TSH levels correlated with T cell proliferation. To gain further mechanistic insights into hypothyroidism-related immunosuppression, we evaluated T cell subpopulations in lymphoid tissues of hypothyroid and control mice. No differences were observed in CD3/CD19 or CD4/CD8 ratios between these strains. However, the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly increased in hypothyroid mice, and not in Tg-Trh mice. Accordingly, in vitro Tregs differentiation was more pronounced in naïve T cells isolated from hypothyroid mice. Since Tregs overexpress galectin-1 (Gal-1) and mice lacking this lectin (Lgals1-/-) show reduced Treg function, we investigated the involvement of this immunoregulatory lectin in the control of Tregs in settings of hypothyroidism. Increased T lymphocyte reactivity and reduced frequency of Tregs were found in hypothyroid Lgals1-/- mice when compared to hypothyroid WT animals. This effect was rescued by addition of recombinant Gal-1. Finally, increased expression of Gal-1 was found in Tregs purified from hypothyroid WT mice compared with their euthyroid counterpart. Thus, a substantial increase in the frequency and activity of Gal-1-expressing Tregs underlies immunosuppression associated with hypothyroid conditions, with critical implications in immunopathology, metabolic disorders, and cancer.

En este trabajo se presenta un estudio del significado de la media, mediana y moda en una muestra de dos textos escolares de séptimo año de Educación Básica de Chile. Para el desarrollo del estudio, hemos considerado algunas herramientas de análisis del Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento y la Instrucción Matemáticos, identificando la presencia de cada elemento del significado (situaciones-problema, procedimientos, conceptos-definición, propiedades, elementos lingüísticos y argumentos) de la media, mediana y moda en los textos escolares. Los resultados evidencian la ausencia de diversos elementos en la presentación de la media, mediana y moda en los textos escolares chilenos de séptimo básico; en consecuencia, se deducen algunas sugerencias de los elementos de estas medidas de tendencia central que consideramos necesarios para su incorporación en las aulas para lograr su enseñanza más significativa.

The negative impact of infectious diseases like COVID-19 on public health and the global economy is evident. This pandemic represents a significant challenge for the scientific community to develop new practical analytical methods for accurately diagnosing emerging cases. Due to their selectivity and sensitivity, new methodologies based on antigen/antibody interactions to detect COVID-19 biomarkers are necessary. In this context, the theoretical, computational modeling reduces experimental efforts and saves resources for rational biosensor design. This study proposes using molecular dynamics to predict the interactions between the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein simplified model and a set of highly characterized antibodies. The binding free energy of the antigen/antibody complexes was calculated for the simplified models and compared against the complete SARS-CoV-2 ectodomain to validate the methodology. The structural data derived from our molecular dynamics and end-point free energy calculations showed a positive correlation between both approximations, with a 0.82 Pearson correlation coefficient; t = 3.661, df = 3, p-value = 0.03522, with a 95% confident interval. Furthermore, we identified the interfacial residues that could generate covalent bonds with a specific chemical surface without perturbing the binding dynamics to develop highly sensitive and specific diagnostic devices. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Resumen: En este artículo se reporta una revisión de literatura respecto a las investigaciones sobre tablas y gráficos estadísticos en libros de texto de educación primaria de Iberoamérica, con el objetivo de entregar al lector un panorama de lo desarrollado y algunas implicaciones a futuro. Bajo una metodología cualitativa, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura de los últimos 15 años, en cinco etapas: 1) planeación, 2) búsqueda, 3) selección, 4) evaluación de calidad, y 5) extracción y síntesis. La búsqueda se realizó en la base de datos de libre acceso Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) y en los buscadores Google Scholar y Semantic Scholar. De los resultados de la búsqueda, se seleccionaron 39 investigaciones: 29 publicadas en revistas y 10 en memorias de congresos. Entre los hallazgos, el diagrama geográfico evidencia una amplia exploración y concentración de la línea investigativa solo en algunos países, con un enfoque en la exploración de la calidad de las actividades y/o en identificar el tipo de representación estadística usada y sus complejidades para resolver las tareas. Además, se identifica una gran variedad de unidades de análisis empleadas para el desarrollo de estas investigaciones, situándolas en analizar el nivel de lectura, el nivel de complejidad semiótica, la tarea solicitada y el tipo de contexto de las actividades en las que aparecen las tablas y gráficos estadísticos. Summary: This article reports a literature review regarding research on statistical tables and graphs in primary school textbooks in Latin America, with the aim of providing the reader with an overview of what has been developed and some implications for the future. Under a qualitative methodology, a systematic review of the literature of the last 15 years was carried out, in five stages: 1) planning, 2) search, 3) selection, 4) quality evaluation, and 5) extraction and synthesis. The search was carried out in the open access database Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) and in the search engines Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar. From the search results, 39 investigations were selected: 29 published in journals and 10 in conference memoires. Among the findings, the geographic diagram shows a broad exploration and concentration of the research line only in some countries, with a focus on exploring the quality of activities and/or identifying the type of statistical representation used and its complexities to resolve tasks. In addition, a great variety of analysis units used for the development of these investigations is identified, placing them in analyzing the reading level, the level of semiotic complexity, the requested task and the type of context of the activities in which the tables and statistical graphics appear. Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica de pesquisas sobre tabelas e gráficos estatísticos em livros escolares do ensino fundamental na Ibero-América, com o objetivo de proporcionar ao leitor uma visão geral do que foi desenvolvido e algumas implicações para o futuro. Sob uma metodologia qualitativa, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura dos últimos 15 anos em cinco etapas: 1) planejamento, 2) busca, 3) seleção, 4) avaliação da qualidade, e 5) extração e síntese. A pesquisa foi realizada no banco de dados de acesso aberto Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) e nos mecanismos de busca Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar. Dos resultados da pesquisa, foram selecionados 39 trabalhos de pesquisa: 29 publicados em revistas e 10 em anais de conferências. Entre as conclusões, o diagrama geográfico apresenta uma ampla exploração e concentração da linha de pesquisa em apenas alguns países, com foco na exploração da qualidade das atividades e/ou identificação do tipo de representação estatística utilizada e suas complexidades na resolução das tarefas. Além disso, é identificada uma grande variedade de unidades de análise empregadas para o desenvolvimento dessas investigações, colocando-as na análise do nível de leitura, do nível de complexidade semiótica, da tarefa solicitada e do tipo de contexto das atividades em que as tabelas e gráficos estatísticos aparecem.

Keggin H3PW12O40 (PW12) and Wells-Dawson H6P2W18O60 (P2W18) heteropolyacids (HPAs) are photo(catalysts) for various acid-promoted and redox catalytic reactions. Their activity increases if they are deposited on certain supports as metal oxides or carbon materials. Although the surface area and acid-base interactions of the HPAs with supports are considered as key factors for the performance of the binary material, the role of the local structure changes in the HPAs upon their immobilization on solids must be also of primary importance, directly affecting both acidity and photoredox properties. Here, the (photo)catalytic performance of Keggin and Wells-Dawson heteropolytungstates supported on boron nitride (BN) and two types of carbon nitride (C3N4) in the gas-solid 2-propanol dehydration to propene has been studied. Apart from characterizing the materials by a set of conventional laboratory-scale structural and physical-chemical techniques, an insight into the variations of the local structure of supported HPAs is provided by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and their influence on the supported HPAs (photo)catalytic activity is discussed. The irradiation with UV light increased the activity of both heteropolytungstates with respect to the catalytic experiments. The apparent activation energy calculated for the photo-assisted process resulted always lower with respect to that obtained for the catalytic one alone. Moreover, the materials that showed the highest apparent turnover frequency (TOF) were those in which the HPAs were impregnated on graphitic C3N4 or on BN and, in particular, the highest TOF values were observed at the highest temperature for the PW12/BN and P2W18/BN samples. Interestingly, the highest activity of HPAs supported on BN seems to be due to the stabilization of the W octahedral coordination, according to the XAS data., LFL is grateful to progetto di Ricerca ARS01_00637 Energie per l’Ambiente-TARANTO (PNR 2015-2020) for financial support. IK acknowledges support by Spanish MINECO (MAT2016-78155-C2-1-R), Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (GRUPIN-ID2018-170) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Humboldt Research Fellowship. S.V.-R. and J.I.P. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project RTI2018-100832B-I00, and partial funding by Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (PCTI) 2013-2017 del Principado de Asturias and the ERDF (project IDI/2018/000233). A.S acknowledges financial support from the MCIU through the projects MAT2017-86540-C4-1-R and RTI2018-095303-A-C52 and from the Comunidad de Madrid for an “Atracción de Talento Investigador” contract (No. 2017t2/IND5395). The European Synchrotron (ESRF), MCIU and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) are also acknowledged for the provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. We also thank the BM25-SpLine staff for the technical support beyond their duties.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carbon-based molecules resulting from the union of aromatic rings and related species, which are likely responsible for strong infrared emission features (3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3 and 12.7 microns). In this work, using a sample of 50 Seyfert galaxies (DL300-400) as well as neutral species. By subtracting the spectrum of the central source from the total, we compare the PAH emission in the central vs extended region of a small sample of AGN. In contrast to the findings for the central regions of AGN-dominated systems, the PAH ratios measured in the extended regions of both type 1 and type 2 Seyfert galaxies can be explained assuming similar PAH molecular size distribution and ionized fractions of molecules to those seen in central regions of star-forming galaxies (100, Comment: 29 pages, 21 figures, 6 tables, MNRAS, accepted 2021 October 22

A 9-year-old 6-kg male castrated mixed-breed dog was admitted to the hospital as a second opinion for left-sided nephrectomy. Plain radiographs, ultrasound, excretory urography and retrograde urethrography revealed left-sided hydronephrosis and calculi in the bladder and urethra. The urethral calculi were hydropropulsed into the bladder and nephrectomy and cystotomy were performed. Three days after surgery, the patient showed preputial inflammation, pain and pollakiuria. Retrograde urethrography was repeated and extra-urethral leakage of contrast medium into the penile tissue was identified, followed by filling of the draining veins, reaching the caudal vena cava, with subsequent opacification of the right renal pelvis and ureter and opacification of a lymph node. The dog improved during hospitalisation and a retrograde urography performed 6 months after the initial surgery confirmed full recovery.

Background Moderate/severe cases of COVID-19 present a dysregulated immune system with T cell lymphopenia and a hyper-inflammatory state. This is a study protocol of an open-label, multi-center, double-arm, randomized, dose-finding phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, alloreactivity, and efficacy of the administration of allogeneic memory T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in COVID-19 patients with lymphopenia and/or pneumonia. The aim of the study is to determine the safety and the efficacy of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of this treatment for patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. Methods In the phase I trial, 18 patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia and/or lymphopenia with no oxygen requirement or with an oxygen need of ≤ 2.5 liters per minute (lpm) in nasal cannula will be assigned to two arms, based on the biology of the donor and the patient. Treatment of arm A consists of the administration of escalating doses of memory T cells, plus standard of care (SoC). Treatment of arm B consists of the administration of escalating doses of NK cells, plus SoC. In the phase II trial, a total of 182 patients with COVID-19-related pneumonia and/or lymphopenia requiring or not oxygen supplementation but without mechanical ventilation will be allocated to arm A or B, considering HLA typing. Within each arm, they will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. In arm A, patients will receive SoC or RP2D for memory T cells plus the SoC. In arm B, patients will receive SoC or RP2D for NK cells plus the SoC. Discussion We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-lymphocytes obtained from convalescent donors recovered from COVID-19 can be used as a passive cell immunotherapy to treat pneumonia and lymphopenia in moderate/severe patients. The lymphopenia induced by COVID-19 constitutes a therapeutic window that may facilitate donor engraftment and viral protection until recovery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04578210. First Posted : October 8, 2020

A fast, effective and low cost sample preparation method based on miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (micro-MSPD) combined with gas chromatography coupled to tandem triple-quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) has been developed for the determination of six phthalate diesters (DMP, DEP, DBP, BzBP, DEHP and DnOP) in mussel samples. The six target compounds have been included in the list of priority pollutants by United States Environmental Protection Agency. The extraction step was optimized on real spiked mussel coming from Galician Rías by means of a factorial design. The final procedure involved the use of 0.45 g of sample, 0.5 g of dispersant agent (Florisil) and 3 mL of organic solvent (ethyl acetate). The optimized method was validated giving satisfactory analytical performance, low detection limits (0.09 to 6.73 ng g−1 dw) and high recoveries (93 and 114%). The validated method was applied to four real mussel samples coming from Galician Rías.

The dynamics of a tagged particle immersed in a fluid of particles of the same size but different mass is studied when the system is confined between two hard parallel plates separated a distance smaller than twice the diameter of the particles. The collisions between particles are inelastic while the collisions of the particles with the hard walls inject energy in the direction perpendicular to the wall, so that stationary states can be reached in the long-time limit. The velocity distribution of the tagged particle verifies a Boltzmann-Lorentz-like equation that is solved assuming that it is a spatially homogeneous gaussian distribution with two different temperatures (one associated to the motion parallel to the wall and another associated to the perpendicular direction). It is found that the temperature perpendicular to the wall diverges when the tagged particle mass approaches a critical mass from below, while the parallel temperature remains finite. Molecular Dynamics simulation results agree very well with the theoretical predictions for tagged particle masses below the critical mass. The measurements of the velocity distribution function of the tagged particle confirm that it is gaussian if the mass is not close to the critical mass, while it deviates from gaussianity when approaching the critical mass. Above the critical mass, the velocity distribution function is very far from a gaussian, being the marginal distribution in the perpendicular direction bimodal and with a much larger variance than the one in the parallel direction., Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía (Spain) throughGrant. US-1380729, theMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) throughGrant PID2021- 126348NB-100 FEDER funds

Poor correlation between the results of in vitro testing and the subsequent in vivo experiments hinders the design of biomaterials. Thus, new characterisation methods are needed. This study used proteomic and histological techniques to analyse the effects of Ca-doped biomaterials in vitro and in vivo and verify the correlation between the two systems. The sol-gel route was employed to synthesise coatings functionalised with 0.5 and 5 wt% of CaCl2. Morphology of the coatings was examined using SEM; the Ca2+ ion release from the materials was ana-lysed by means of ICP-AES spectroscopy. The osteogenic and inflammatory responses were inspected in vitro in human osteoblasts (HOb) and TPH-1 monocytes. The in vivo experiments used a rabbit model. The nLC-MS/MS-based proteomic methods were utilised to analyse the proteins adhering to the material samples incubated with human serum or examine protein expression in the tissues close to the implants. Ca-doped biomaterials caused a remarkable increase in the adsorption of coagulation-related proteins, both in vitro (PLMN, THRB, FIBA and VTNC) and in vivo (FBLN1, G1U978). Enhanced affinity to these materials was also observed for proteins involved in inflammation (CO5, C4BPA, IGHM and KV302 in vitro; CARD6, DDOST and CD14 in vivo) and osteogenic functions (TETN, PEDF in vitro; FBN1, AHSG, MYOC in vivo). The results obtained using different techniques were well matched, with a good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, the proteomic analysis of biological responses to biomaterials in vitro is a useful tool for predicting their impact in vivo. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-113092RB-C21), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (MARSA21/07), Basque Government (PRE_2016_1_0141), Universitat Jaume I (UJI-B2021-25) and Generalitat Valenciana (APOSTD/2020/036, PROMETEO/2020/069). The authors would like to thank for technical and staff support provided by SGIker (UPV/EHU/ ERDF, EU), and the company GMI Dental Implantology SL for producing the titanium discs.

To make beekeeping sustainable, the management of bee colonies to produce bee products financially viable without compromising the life of bees must implement acceptable practices such as the treatment of hives with appropriate products. Occasionally, the use of acaricides to treat the hives against varroosis is uncontrolled and can accumulate in the hives endangering the bee colonies. In this work, a screening of seven acaricides was carried out in different apiaries in Andalusia (Spain). Their distribution in beeswax, brood, honey, and bee, was evaluated in different times considering the influence of the environment (agricultural, urban and forest) surrounding the colonies. It was found that beeswax was highly polluted but honey, brood and bees had acceptable levels, below their respective MRL or LD50, past a certain period after varrocide treatments. The landscape management around the hives treated with products against Varroa does not influence the hive contamination. Acaricides banned for their use against Varroa, such as chlorfenvinphos, cypermethrin and especially acrinathrin, were found in the hives analysed.

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common pathogens causing urinary tract infections in humans and animals. Close contact between humans and companion animals can facilitate the spread of multidrugresistant pathogens between both species. Objective: To characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) -producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections in the metropolitan area of Valle del Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia). Methods: Three-hundred seventy-one urine samples collected from March 2018 to March 2019 in a veterinary clinical laboratory were analyzed. E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in chromogenic agar and identified by biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion and ESBL production was evaluated by the double disk test in all isolates. MIC determination of ESBL-positive isolates were performed on the automated VITEK®2 system. Multiple PCR was used for the detection of CTX-M beta-lactamases (group 1, 2, 9 and 8/25), SHV, TEM and AmpC of plasmid origin in ESBL-positive isolates. Results: In total 22 out 371 isolates were positive for ESBL production by double disc test, 11 E. coli (ESBL-Ec) and 11 K. pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp). The multiple PCR detected CTX-M group 1 in the 22 ESBL-positive isolates. Multi-drug resistance was observed in all ESBL-producing isolates Conclusions: A high frequency of antibiotic multi-resistance was found in ESBL-Ec and ESBL-Kp. The main ESBL detected was CTX-M group 1, which also prevails in human isolates.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are uncommon. Observations based on the first year of data from the Spanish Registry of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas (RELCP, in its Spanish abbreviation) of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) were published in February 2018. This report covers RELCP data for the first 5 years.RELCP data were collected prospectively and included diagnosis, treatments, tests, and the current status of patients. We compiled descriptive statistics of the data registered during the first 5 years.Information on 2020 patients treated at 33 Spanish hospitals had been included in the RELCP by December 2021. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were men; the mean age was 62.2 years. The lymphomas were grouped into 4 large diagnostic categories: mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome, 1112 patients (55%); primary B-cell cutaneous lymphoma, 547 patients (27.1%); primary CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, 222 patients (11%), and other T-cell lymphomas, 116 patients (5.8%). Nearly 75% of the tumors were registered in stage I. After treatment, 43.5% achieved complete remission and 27% were stable at the time of writing. Treatments prescribed were topical corticosteroids (1369 [67.8%]), phototherapy (890 patients [44.1%]), surgery (412 patients [20.4%]), and radiotherapy (384 patients [19%]).The characteristics of cutaneous lymphomas in Spain are similar to those reported for other series. The large size of the RELCP registry at 5 years has allowed us to give more precise descriptive statistics than in the first year. This registry facilitates the clinical research of the AEDV's lymphoma interest group, which has already published articles based on the RELCP data.