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With the recent installation of a solvents hydrotreater at its Deer Park, Tex., manufacturing complex, Shell Chemical is bringing to market four virtually odor-free hydrocarbon solvents aimed primarily at the paints and coatings industry. "Zero-aromatic solvents are becoming the product of choice," says Terry Schieber, Shell solvents business manager. The new products allow the company's mineral spirits and naphtha solvents to be used in markets where they were excluded before, such as in rubber solvents. They will also allow Shell to market its solvents to paint shops or auto coatings plants, where solvent odors often have made facilities objectionable to nearby neighbors. Another factor favoring the market for these products is that California air quality legislation has pushed Shell—and major competitors Exxon, Unocal, Ashland, and Texaco—in the direction of low- and no-odor solvents. The multimillion-dollar, computer-controlled hydrotreater Shell has installed uses a cobalt catalyst to remove trace or...

Lubricants (B. O. Zalogi, ed.), Mashinostroenie, Moscow (1966), pp. 94-95. 4. V. G. Berezkin et al., Neftekhimiya, 12, No. i, 130-135 (1972). 5. A. S. Muchnik et al., Zh. Prikl~ Khim., 48, No. i, 1322-1325 (1975). 6. H. P. Burchfield and E. E. Storrs, Biochemical Applications of Gas Chromatography, Academic Press, New York (1962). 7. V. V. Malyshev et al., Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, No. 8, 52-55 (1972). 8. V. A. Astaf'ev et al., Tr. Kiev. Inst. Inzh. Grazhd. Aviats., No. 1 (1970).

The room temperature irradiation of solutions of benzophenone and copper(II) in a variety of hydrocarbon solvents results in the introduction of unsaturation into these hydrocarbons in a manner demonstrated to be catalytic in both benzophenone and copper(II).

The ionophore antibiotic X-537A (Lasalocid) is shown to bind strongly to biogenic amines in inert hydrocarbon solvents, but not in polar solvents such as methanol, in contrast to the complexation of metal ions which has been shown to occur in methanol and other polar solvent mixtures.

In hydrocarbon solvents, W2(NMe2)6 and the alcohols MeOH and EtOH react to give W4(OR)16 compounds; the ethoxide adopts a structure akin to that of [Ti(OEt)4]4, but with distortions due to M–M bonds which arise from the presence of the four tungsten d2 ions.

The electronic spectroscopic behaviour of copper chloride and acetate complexes with pyridine derivatives has been investigated in the corresponding pyridine derivative–co-solvent mixtures. The results were interpreted in the light of the competitive preferential solvation (COPS) theory. It is shown that COPS theory can be applied successfully also in cases where the strength of preferential solvation leads to solvent coordination. The obtained solute–solvent affinity constants are transferable, in full agreement with COPS theory. Thier realtive magnitude provides further evidence for the existance of solvent classes. The solute–solvent interaction decreases in the order n-donor solvents > π-donor solvents > hydrocarbon solvents, and it is dominated by specific effects.

The fluorescence behaviour of a series of n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acids has been studied in saturated hydrocarbon solvents of increasing viscosity and solvents of increasing polarity. Fluorescence quenching experiments in these solvents and in micelles of sodium lauryl sulphate show that the probes locate at a graded series of depths in the micelle. The spectral characteristics of emission from the probes indicate an increasing polarity gradient from the core to the surface of the micelle.

Lithium aluminium hydride in benzene or heptane is an effective reagent for selective demethylation of methyl phenyl ethers having additional ether functions in the immediate vicinity of the reaction site.

Thermal reactions of the olefin-molybdenum carbonyls C7H8Mo(CO)n(n= 4, C7H8= norbornadiene; n= 3, C7H8= cycloheptatriene) with RN (PF2)2 ligands (R = Me and Ph) in hydrocarbon solvents at 100–120 °C lead ultimately to binuclear complexes of the type [RN(PF2)2]nMo2(CO)11 – 2n(n= 3, 4, and 5); structure determinations by X-ray diffraction on [PhN(PF2)2]3Mo2(CO)5 and [MeN(PF2)2]4Mo2(CO)3 indicate the presence of symmetrical and unsymmetrical bridging carbonyl groups, respectively.

Infrared spectroscopic studies have been used to determine monomer concentrations, aggregation numbers and free energies of aggregation for a series of non-ionic (polyoxyethylene ether C12EOm) surfactants in both hydrocarbon and other solvents. In n-heptane the data show that only relatively weak head group interactions occur up to about m= 6, beyond which stronger, more specific interactions begin to account for larger aggregation numbers. In apolar, but polarisable, solvents, such as benzene and CCl4 solute–solvent interactions effectively prevent aggregation.

Acetylene and substituted acetylenes react with [H2Os3(CO)10] without CO loss at room temperature to give vinyl derivatives of type [HOs3(CR1:CHR2)(CO)10](R1= R2= H or Ph; R1= H, R2= Me or Ph), alkenylene complexes [Os3(CR1:CR2)(CO)10](R1= R2= H or Me; R1= H, R2= Me), and the phenylethynyl complex [HOs3(C2Ph)(CO)10], while other derivatives containing coupled alkynes are formed in low yield, if at all, at room temperature. On heating these complexes in hydrocarbon solvents, hydrogen transfer and CO loss occur to give [H2Os3(C2R2)(CO)9](R = H, Me, or Ph), [HOs3(C2R)(CO)9](R = H or Me), and [HOs3(MeC3H2)(CO)9][in two isomeric forms (A) or (B)]. The dihydrido-complexes may also be prepared by hydrogenation of [Os3-(CR1:CR2)(CO)10](R1= H or Me, R2= Me). Structures are proposed on spectroscopic evidence. The significance of these results to the reactivity of olefins with Os3(CO)12 is discussed.

The e.s.r. spectra of a number of radical adducts, [XArH]·, of 1,3,5-tris(trimethylsiloxy)benzene [ArH] have been measured in hydrocarbon solvents; the rate constant for the self-reaction of the radicals is 1·7 × 106 l mol–1 s–1(at –88 °C) when X = PhCO2, and 5·7 × 106 l mol–1 s–1(at –86 °C) when X = F2C.

Soybean flakes were extracted in glass extraction apparatus with four hydrocarbon solvents: hexane, isohexane, pentane, and isopentane. The amount of extracted oil was determined at 10 min intervals for 60 min. The extraction rates of the solvents increased in the following order: isopentane, pentane, isohexane, and hexane. Quality and fatty acid composition of the oils extracted by the four solvents showed no significant differences.

IN a recent study1 of the action of hydrogen bromide on a number of simple “2- and “3-olefinic acids, it was shown that the direction of addition was profoundly influenced by the nature of the solvent and it was suggested that in hydrocarbon solvents the carboxyl group controlled the orientation of addition whereas in acetic acid or in the absence of solvent the double bond behaved independently of this group. After the completion of this work, Kharasch2 published his remarkable discovery that the direction of addition of hydrogen bromide to allyl and vinyl bromides was controlled mainly by the peroxide content of the material. In view of this it was considered desirable to determine to what extent the presence of peroxides could influence addition to the simple olefinic acids. Experiments for this purpose are in hand.

The chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, such as trichloroethylene and methylene chloride, are among the most widely used industrial chemicals. Misuse of these solvents or accidental overexposure to them can result in significant injury. Nurses need to be familiar with some of the fundamentals of toxicology, if they are to give effective nursing care to persons suspected of having been overexp sed. The report of a case of solvent poisoning, recently in the Journal of the American Medical Association, illustrates the emergency nursing care.' An 18-year-old worker smelled a strong solvent odor while digging near the footings of an old production building of the Dow Chemical Company. Inhaling the vapor for a few minutes made him feel dizzy, weak, and nauseated. He retreated from the excavation, donfied a general-purpose chemical respirator, and then returned to the area. His dizzi

This journal article describes the use of Beva 371, a 95% ethylene copolymer developed during a research project to evaluate adhesives used for consolidation of paintings and works of art. Chemical and working properties include excellent adhesion to most materials, permanent reversibility (solubility) in hydrocarbon solvents ease of application using minimum heat or pressure with or without impregnation, lack of staining or discoloration of absorbant materials, durability, elasticity (flexibility), transparency, chemical stability and lack of shrinkage. It is safe for use on textiles, paper, flaking and unfixed media (eg. pastels), soft impasto, unprimed canvas, etc. and serves a number of functions eg. consolidant, protective surface coating (eg. varnish) and use in gesso and lining preparations. Conservation treatments of the following paintings using Beva 371 are described: Marc Chagall's Paris Through the Window, William Meritt Chase's Arab Boy, a Chinese wall painting on unbaked clay, Morning by Maurice Sterne, and Untitled by Adolph Gottlieb.

Irradiation of bicyclo[3,2,1]oct-2-en-8-one in hydrocarbon solvents leads to photodecarbonylation as the preferred reaction pathway accompanied to a lesser extent by the previously reported photoisomerization to bicyclo[4,1,1]oct-2-en-8-one.

The photolyses of tetramethyltetrazen and 1,1′-azopiperidine have been effected in some hydrocarbon solvents and the extent of the general reaction R2N·+ H–X → R2NH +·X has been examined by product study: radicals R2N· prove to be but feeble dehydrogenating agents. Dimethylamino radicals do not dehydrogenate either 2,6-dimethoxy- or 2,6-dimethyl-phenol. Slight evidence of addition to anthracene was obtained. Attempts to prepare a radical R2N· from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine have been unsuccessful.

Photolysis of ferrocenylsulphonyl azide in hydrocarbon solvents using 3500 A radiation yields the novel [2]ferrocenophane (IV) in good yield; this product is not formed on thermolysis of the azide.

The formation of benzene during the thermal decomposition of (C5H5)2TiPh2 in hydrocarbon solvents is shown to be the results of a phenyl group abstracting a proton from another co-ordinated group on the titanium complex.

The transition metal carbonyl hydrides H3Re3(CO)12, H4Re4(CO)12, H4Ru4(CO)12, and H4Os4(CO)12 have been formed in high yields and purity by treatment of the corresponding metal carbonyls [Re2(CO)10, Ru3(CO)12, and Os3(CO)12] at temperatures of 90–170° in hydrocarbon solvents with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure; similar conditions convert H2Ru4(CO)13 into H4Ru4(CO)12 and H2FeRu3(CO)13 into H4FeRu3(CO)12, a new but unstable species.