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156. Encephalopathy With Erythema Infectiosum

Author

Hall, Caroline Breese and Horner, Frederick A.

Abstract

• A 9-month-old boy developed encephalopathy associated with the onset of erythema infectiosum, which resulted in permanent neurologic sequelae. This is the second reported case of encephalitis following erythema infectiosum and the first, to our knowledge with permanent sequelae.(Am J Dis Child 131:65-67, 1977)

Published
1977
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157. Personal and Family History of Seizures and Measles Immunization.

Author

Brunell, Philip A., Daum, Robert S., Giebink, G. Scott, Hall, Caroline Breese, Lepow, Martha L., McCracken Jr., George H., Nahmias, Andre J., Phillips, Carol F., Plotkin, Stanley A., Wright Jr., Harry T., Hinman, Alan R., Jordan Jr., William S., Parkman, Park, Esber, Elaine, Gold, Ronald, Easton, James G., and Peter, Georges

Published
1987

159. Libri Liberis

Author

HALL, CAROLINE BREESE and KUNITZ, ISADORA

Abstract

Children to whom books are read aloud from a young age are more likely to become readers for life than are children whose parents do not read to them or who have no books in their homes. Reading with a child provides the opportunity for an intimate, shared experience and is a relief from active games, cross tempers, or boredom.How does an adult know what makes a good book for children? For young children, ages 2 to 5, the visual quality is very important. The illustrations should be bright, colorful, and clear (not abstract). Of special importance in books to read aloud, pictures should be closely related to the text so that they really help tell the story and do not merely decorate. Vocabulary ought to be simple and clear, yet rich enough not to be dull. Texts in some of the best picture books read like poetic prose;

Published
1976
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160. Rx: Mother Goose, hs

Author

HALL, CAROLINE BREESE

Abstract

There is no Frigate like a Book To take us Lands away Nor any Coursers like a Page Of prancing PoetryEMILY DICKENSONFor generations, the "bedtime hour" evoked visions of mother and her brood snuggled about the hearth as she read the tales spun by Rudyard Kipling or Hans Christian Andersen to the glow of young eyes. But if Wee Willie Winkie were to peer through the shutters of today's town, he would be apt to see a different twilight scene—little faces immobilized by the flickering steel gray light of the television screen. TODAY'S CHILD Our preschool children of almost a decade ago watched an average of 3⅓ hours of television each day, according to the Neilsen Television Index. One fifth of these children, classified as the most ardent television devotees, spent seven hours in front of the television each day. By 1970, four years later, our average preschooler

Published
1976
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162. Respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis: The "risk-benefit" of recommendations.

Author

Hall, Caroline Breese

Subjects
*RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, *PREVENTION
Abstract

The author explains the risk-benefit of the Modified Recommendations for Use of Palivizumab for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Published
2010

163. Serious Infections Induced by Specific Oral Habits

Author

DAGAN, RON and HALL, CAROLINE BREESE

Abstract

We are all diseas'd and with our surfeiting and wonton hours Have brought ourselves into a burning fever, and we must bleed for it. William Shakespeare (Henry IV)Polymicrobial infections with organisms derived from the mouth occur in wounds inflicted by a human bite. These infections may be contiguous to the mouth or at a distance. We observed two instances of infections with bacteria consistent with oral flora, without a clearly established route of infection. Unrecognized, inconsequential habits of these children were responsible for self-inoculation with their own saliva. These cases demonstrate the importance of rigorous pursuit of the pathogenesis of infections with agents known to reside in specific locations in the body, even in the absence of an obvious connection.Report of Cases.—Case 1.—An 18-month-old male infant was hospitalized in September 1982, with bilateral orbital and left flank masses and intermittent fever for four days. Acute

Published
1983
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164. The Exanthematous Family Tree—Diseases One, Two, Three, and Five?

Author

HALL, CAROLINE BREESE

Abstract

Exanthems from an ancient family of five1,2Achieved great fame; though now just four remain alive.Rubella, Measles, Scarlet Fever are the threeFirst christened, since the fourth succumbed in infancy.Yet little Fifth Disease cannot assume Fourth's name,Just as the "junior" would not then the "senior" claim.Instead, a new fourth member we might now adopt,And for the orphan, Roseola, I would opt.(Though it was called the Sixth disease by just a few,3 Procedures for adoption were not carried through.)Or should the fourth become that diagnostic cache—The MD's sage pronouncement, "It's a 'Viral Rash'..."?

Published
1977
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166. Bedtime Stories-Reply

Author

HALL, CAROLINE BREESE

Abstract

In Reply.—Our children should hear fairie tales, we're much agreed,And hope that we adults have just as great a need.Should not at times our own Promethean worlds be sought?For rich is he who nutures yet prelogic thought.Have not great men dared use the dreamer's scanning scope?Only those who've sailed beyond our earth's terrain could hopeTo envision life within the soul of each small cell,Or capture unseen rays to make the hopeless well.The well-spun tales where fantasy and truth entwineAre sources of the miracles of future time.

Published
1976
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174. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Aaskov, John G., Abdel-Rahman, Susan M., Aebi, Christoph, Ament, Marvin E., Anderson, Marsha S., Arnon, Stephen S., Arvin, Ann M., Atkins, Jane T., Atmar, Robert L., Baker, Carol J., Baltimore, Robert S., Barenkamp, Stephen J., Barnett, Elizabeth D., Basow, Robert D., Beisel, William R., Bell, Beth P., Benard, Gil, Bernstein, David I., Bernt, Kathrin M., Berry, Andrea A., Bluestone, Charles D., Blumer, Jeffrey L., Bortolussi, Robert, Boyanton, Bobby L., Jr., Boyer, Kenneth M., Bradley, John S., Brady, Michael T., Britt, William J., Broderick, Annemarie, Bronstein, David E., Bruckner, David A., Buckingham, Steven C., Burgos, Ana, Byington, Carrie L., Campbell, Judith R., Cantu, Samson, Chacko, Mariam R., Chapman, Louisa E., Charrel, Rémi N., Chen, Tempe K., Cherry, James D., Chesney, P. Joan, Chilakapati, Madhuri C., Chinen, Javier, Ching, Natascha, Clark, H. Fred, Cleary, Thomas G., Coats, David K., Correa, Armando G., Cross, J. Thomas, Jr., Cutrer, William B., Dagan, Ronald, Dassey, David E., Davis, Jeffrey P., Demmler-Harrison, Gail J., Dennehy, Penelope H., Doan, Minh L., Dobson, Simon R., Drutz, Jan E., Edelstein, Paul H., Edwards, Kathryn M., Edwards, Morven S., English, B. Keith, Estripeaut, Dora, Fan, Leland L., Feigin, Ralph D., Ferry, George D., Fiore, Anthony E., Fischer, Philip R., Fisher, Randall G., Flynn, Patricia M., Flynn, Thomas R., Frenkel, Lisa M., Friedman, Ellen M., Friedman, Richard A., Garcia, Lynne S., Gavin, Patrick J., Gerber, Michael A., Gershon, Anne A., Gilger, Mark A., Gillespie, Susan L., Glaze, Daniel G., Glezen, W. Paul, Glodé, Mary P., Goldmann, Donald A., Goldstein, Ellie J.C., Goldstein, Nira A., Gonzales, Edmond T., Jr., Gorman, Mark P., Green, Michael D., Greenberg, David, Groll, Andreas H., Grose, Charles, Gubler, Duane J., Guerrero, Roberto A., Guevara, Javier Nieto, Gutierrez, Kathleen M., Hall, Caroline Breese, Halstead, Scott B., Hamano, Shinjiro, Hamill, Richard J., Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Hanson, I. Celine, Harik, Nada, Harrison, Rick E., Healy, C. Mary, Heininger, Ulrich, Heresi, Gloria P., Hiatt, Peter W., Hill, Harry R., Hilmers, David C., Hoffman, Jill A., Hon, Ellis K.L., Hostetter, Margaret K., Hotez, Peter J., Hughes, Walter T., Hulten, Kristina G., Hunstad, David A., Hurwitz, Eugene S., Huskins, W. Charles, Hyun, David Y., Jackson, Mary Anne, Jacobs, Michael R., Jacobs, Richard F., Jaeger, Jenifer L., Jhaveri, Ravi R., Johnston, Samantha, Jonas, Maureen M., Julapalli, Meena R., Kaplan, Edward L., Kaplan, Sheldon L., Karpen, Saul J., Kearns, Gregory L., Keller, Margaret A., Khoury, Chaouki K., Kleiman, Martin B., Klein, Jerome O., Kline, Mark W., Knapp, Katherine M., Kokkinos, Heidi M., Krause, Peter J., Krilov, Leonard R., Krogstad, Paul, Kuhls, Thomas L., de Lamballerie, Xavier, La Pine, Timothy R., Laurens, Matthew B., Leach, Charles T., Leggiadro, Robert J., Lennon, Diana R., Lentzsch-Parcells, Carolyn, Leroy, Eric, Leung, Chi Wai, Levy, Moise L., Lewis, Karen, Losikoff, Phyllis T., Lotze, Timothy Edward, Lowry, Adam W., Mailman, Timothy, Maloney, Susan A., Mascola, Laurene, Mason, Edward O., Matson, David O., Mayer, Alan N., Mazade, Marc A., McAuley, James B., McCracken, George H., Jr., McIntosh, Kenneth, McJunkin, James E., McKee, Kelly T., Jr., McLeod, Rima L., McLin, Valérie A., Mendes-Giannini, Maria José Soares, Meyers, Wayne M., Michaels, Marian G., Michelow, Ian C., Milisavljevic, Vladana, Miller, Aaron M., Miller, James N., Miller, Marjorie J., Mills, James N., Minnich, Linda L., Moran, Ann, Murphy, James R., Nag, Pratip K., Nania, Joseph J., Nataro, James P., Nicome, Roger K., Nielsen-Saines, Karin, Nieves, Delma J., Oberhelman, Richard A., Ochoa, Theresa J., Oermann, Christopher M., Olteanu, Alina, Overturf, Gary D., Palazzi, Debra L., Pannaraj, Pia S., Patel, Janak A., Patrick, Christian C., Paysse, Evelyn A., Pérez, Norma, Peters, C.J., Petri, William A., Jr., Phillips, Brandon Lane, Pickering, Larry K., Piecuch, Joseph F., Pinheiro, Francisco P., Plotkin, Stanley A., Pomeroy, Scott L., Pong, Alice, Pugatch, David L., Purcell, Joan S., Ramraj, Ramya, Remington, Jack S., Rodriguez, Carina A., Romero, José R., Ross, Benjamin A., Ross, Lawrence A., Rowen, Judith L., Rupprecht, Charles E., Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, Saiman, Lisa, Geme, Joseph W. St., III, Sánchez, Pablo J., Sass, Laura A., Sattler, Carlos A., Schulte, Danica J., Schutze, Gordon E., Seeborg, Filiz O., Shapiro, Eugene D., Shapiro, Nina L., Shearer, William T., Shehab, Ziad M., Shenep, Jerry L., Shields, W. Donald, Shimizu-Cohen, Robyn, Shulman, Stanford T., Simos, Constantine, Smith, Arnold L., Soden, Jason S., Staat, Mary Allen, Starke, Jeffrey R., Stechenberg, Barbara W., Steinbach, William J., Steinkuller, Paul G., Stiehm, E. Richard, Stovall, Stephanie H., Suen, Jeffrey, Sumaya, Ciro V., Summer, Andrea P., Swanson, Douglas S., Tan, Tina Q., Tanowitz, Herbert B., Tesh, Robert B., Toltzis, Philip, Topazian, Richard G., Tosi, Michael F., Travassos da Rosa, Amelia P.A., Tsai, Theodore F., Valdez, Tulio A., Vallejo, Jesus G., Vanchiere, John A., Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da C., Velarde, Jorge J., Versalovic, James, Wald, Ellen R., Walsh, Douglas S., Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Thomas J., Ward, Mark A., Ward, Richard L., Weinberg, Michelle, Welliver, Robert C., Wheeler, J. Gary, White, A. Clinton, Jr., Whitworth, Suzanne, Wiedermann, Bernhard L., Williams-Bouyer, Natalie, Wittner, Murray, Woods, Charles R., Jr., Yen, Kimberly G., Yogev, Ram, Young, Edward J., and Zaoutis, Theoklis E.

175. Contributors

Author

Adderson, Elisabeth E., Adler-Shohet, Felice C., Amieva, Manuel R., Armstrong, Gregory L., Arvelo, Wences, Arvin, Ann M., Asher, David M., Ashkenazi, Shai, Ault, Kevin A., Baker, Carol J., Barson, William J., Bell, Beth P., Bell, Michael J., Benjamin, Daniel K., Jr, Bialek, Stephanie R., Blythe, Margaret J., Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr, Boeckh, Michael, Bower, William A., Boyer, Kenneth M., Braden, Christopher R., Bradley, John S., Brady, Michael T., Bratcher, Denise, Braverman, Paula K., Bresee, Joseph S., Brook, Itzhak, Brown, Kevin E., Browning, John C., Buckingham, Steven C., Buescher, E. Stephen, Burns, Jane L., Cappello, Michael, Carter, Bryan D., Chadwick, Ellen Gould, Chesney, Patricia Joan, Childs, James E., Christenson, John C., Cleary, Thomas G., Coffin, Susan E., Connelly, Beverly L., Cotton, C. Michael, Cox, Elaine, Cramer, Robert Andrew, Jr, Crockett, Maryanne E., Crowe, James E., Jr, Cunningham, Dennis J., Darville, Toni, Dasch, Gregory A., Daum, Robert S., de la Morena, Maite, Demmler, Gail J., Despommier, Dickson D., Diefenbach, Karen A., Dominguez, Elidia, Downs, Stephen M., Dvorak, Christopher C., Edwards, Kathryn, Edwards, Morven S., Englund, Janet A., Erard, Véronique, Eremeeva, Marina E., Finelli, Lyn, Finn, Adam, Fiore, Anthony E., Fischer, Marc, Fitch, Sarah J., Flynn, Patricia M., Fortenberry, J. Dennis, Fox, LeAnne M., Freedman, David O., Gans, Hayley A., Gerber, Michael A., Gigliotti, Francis, Gilligan, Peter, Gold, Benjamin D., Goldman, David L., Goldstein, Brahm, Goldstein, Susan T., Gould, Jane M., Green, Michael, Greene, Sharon K., Greenwald, Mark J., Grom, Alexei A., Grossman, Leigh B., Guerra, Marta A., Gutierrez, Kathleen, Guzman-Cottrill, Judith A., Hall, Caroline Breese, Harper, Marvin B., Haslam, David B., Hayes, Edward B., Hendley, J. Owen, Henrickson, Kelly J., Henry, Marion C.W., Hilinski, Joseph A., Hotez, Peter J., Ingram, David L., Jackson, Mary Anne, Jacobs, Richard F., Karlowicz, M. Gary, Katz, Ben Z., Keystone, Jay S., Kimberlin, David W., Kleiman, Martin B., Klein, Jerome O., Kline, Mark W., Koh, Andrew Y., Koranyi, Katalin I., Korgenski, E. Kent, Leggiadro, Robert J., Levy, Moise L., Lewis, David B., Lieberman, Jay M., Limaye, Abhijit, Lohr, Jacob A., Lorber, Bennett, Long, Sarah S., Low, Donald E., Lowell, Gina, Lowenthal, Elizabeth, Lujan-Zilbermann, Jorge, Luzuriaga, Katherine, MacDonald, Noni E., Maldonado, Yvonne A., Mani, Chitra S., Marcinak, John F., Marcon, Mario J., Marshall, Gary S., Martin, Stacey W., Massung, Robert F., Mast, Eric E., Mazzulli, Tony, McCracken, George H., McGregor, Robert S., McIntosh, Kenneth, McLean, Catherine A., McLeod, Rima, McMillan, Julia A., McQuiston, Jennifer H., Meissner, H. Cody, Menon, Manoj P., Michaels, Marian G., Miller, Melissa B., Millon, Juan Carlos, Modlin, John F., Moore, Matthew R., Moore, Zack S., Moran, Mary M., Moro, Pedro L., Moss, R. Lawrence, Murray, Dennis L., Nadel, Simon, Nataro, James P., Neely, Michael N., Nizet, Victor, Norrby-Teglund, Anna, Nyquist, Ann-Christine, Ochoa, Theresa J., O'Hara, Sara M., Orenstein, Walter A., Ortega-Barria, Eduardo, Overturf, Gary D., Paddock, Christopher D., Painter, John A., Pappas, Diane E., Parise, Monica E., Pass, Robert F., Patterson, Thomas F., Pavia, Andrew T., Pelton, Stephen I., Peter, Georges, Peters, Timothy R., Petri, William A., Jr, Pickering, Larry K., Pizzo, Philip A., Pollard, Andrew J., Poutanen, Susan M., Powell, Dwight A., Prince, Alice S., Prober, Charles G., Rangel, Shawn J., Rawstron, Sarah Anne, Reed, Michael D., Reller, Megan E., Richards, Frank O., Jr, Rodgers, Gail L., Romero, Luz I., Rotbart, Harley A., Rowley, Anne H., Rubin, Lorry G., Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M., Sáez-Llorens, Xavier, Saiman, Lisa, Sauberan, Jason B., Sawyer, Mark H., Schantz, Peter M., Schlager, Theresa A., Schutze, Gordon E., Schwartz, Benjamin, Schwartz, Richard H., Schwarzwald, Heidi, Shah, Samir S., Shane, Andi L., Shapiro, Eugene D., Shetty, Avinash K., Siegel, Jane D., Siegel, Robert D., Sipe, Walter E.B., Skarbinski, Jacek, Smith, P. Brian, Snyder, John D., Solaymani-Mohammadi, Shahram, Staat, Mary Allen, Starke, Jeffrey R., Steinbach, William J., Stephens, Ina, St. Geme, Joseph W., III, Subbarao, Kanta, Sullivan, John L., Sutton, Deanna A., Sutton, Madeline Y., Swerdlow, David L., Tauxe, Robert V., Thompson, Herbert A., Thomson, Richard B., Jr, Thorell, Emily A., Todd, James K., Toltzis, Philip, Tsai, Theodore F., Wald, Ellen R., Wallace, Richard J., Jr, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Weiss, Avery H., White, A. Clinton, Jr, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Williams, Ian T., Williams, John V., Willoughby, Rodney E., Jr, Wilson, Craig M., Winkelstein, Jerry A., Workowski, Kimberly, Wright, Terry W., Yazigi, Nada, Yogev, Ram, Young, Edward J., and Zaoutis, Theoklis E.

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176. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Adkinson, N. Franklin, Jr., Allen, David M., Allos, Ban Mishu, Amsden, Guy W., Anderson, David A., Andes, David R., Aoki, Fred Y., Apfalter, Petra M., Apicella, Michael A., Arias, Cesar A., Augenbraun, Michael H., Azar, Dimitri T., Baddour, Larry M., Baden, Lindsey R., Baker, Carol J., Ballard, Ronald C., Ballow, Charles H., Barnes, Scott D., Baron, Miriam J., Barouch, Dan H., Barrett, Alan, Bassin, Sarice L., Batteiger, Byron E., Baum, Stephen G., Bayer, Arnold S., Beckham, J. David, Beekmann, Susan E., Bell, Beth P., Bennett, John E., Berbari, Elie F., Berman, Jonathan D., Bertino, Joseph S., Jr., Birdsall, Holly H., Bisno, Alan L., Biswas, Hope H., Blackburn, Brian G., Blaser, Martin J., Blazes, David L., Bleck, Thomas P., Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., Bobak, David A., Bonnez, William, Boothroyd, John C., Borio, Luciana, Bosque, Patrick J., Boucher, Richard C., Jr., Brause, Barry D., Brown, Kevin E., Brown, Patricia D., Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., Burd, Eileen M., Burns, James E., Bush, Larry M., Calfee, David P., Caplan, Ellis S., Carael, Michel, Carpenter, Charles C.J., Caserta, Mary T., Castagnola, Elio, Chaisson, Richard E., Chambers, Henry F., Chapman, Stanley W., Chappell, James D., Chen, Sharon C-A., Chopra, Sanjiv, Chow, Anthony W., Chroneou, Alexandra, Cianciotto, Nicholas P., Clark, Rebecca A., Clark, Robert A., Cohen, Jeffrey I., Cohen, Myron S., Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, Cohn, Susan E., Connors, Mark, Cono, Joanne, Corey, Lawrence, Cornett, Patricia A., Cox, Heather L., Craig, William A., Craven, Donald E., Crossley, Kent B., Crump, John A., Crumpacker, Clyde S., II, Curran, James W., Currie, Bart J., Curry, Michael P., Damon, Inger K., Darouiche, Rabih O., DeBiasi, Roberta L., Deepe, George S., Jr., del Rio, Carlos, DeMuri, Gregory P., Dennis, David T., Densen, Peter, De Pauw, Ben E., Dermody, Terence S., Dewar, Robin, Diaz, James H., Dieffenbach, Carl W., Dienstag, Jules L., Dolin, Raphael, Donaldson, Scott H., Donnelly, J. Peter, Donnenberg, Michael S., Donowitz, Gerald R., Dormitzer, Philip R., Drake, James M., Dumler, J. Stephen, Dummer, J. Stephen, DuPont, Herbert L., Durack, David T., Durand, Marlene L., Edelstein, Paul H., Edmond, Michael B., Edwards, John E., Jr., Edwards, Morven S., Eliopoulos, George M., Engleberg, N. Cary, Ernst, Joel D., Fairhurst, Rick M., Fairley, Jessica K., Falkow, Stanley, Falsey, Ann R., Fauci, Anthony S., Feinstone, Stephen M., Fekete, Thomas, Fey, Paul D., Fine, Steven M., Finegold, Sydney M., Fishman, Neil O., Fitzgerald, Daniel W., Flores, Anthony R., Fowler, Vance G., Jr., Freedman, David O., Friedlander, Arthur M., Galgiani, John N., Gallin, John I., Gallo, Robert C., Garrett, Wendy S., Gelfand, Jeffrey A., Gelone, Steven P., Gershon, Anne A., Gilbert, David N., Gilligan, Peter H., Glickman, Michael S., Göbel, Ulf B., Goldstein, Deborah, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., Gordin, Fred M., Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Graman, Paul S., Graves, Margot, Griffin, Patricia M., Griffith, David E., Guerrant, Richard L., Haake, David A., Haas, David W., Hall, Caroline Breese, Halperin, Scott, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Handsfield, H. Hunter, Haque, Rashidul, Hartman, Barry J., Hay, Roderick J., Hayden, Frederick G., Hedberg, Craig W., Henderson, David K., Henderson, Donald A., Hendley, J. Owen, Hewlett, Erik L., High, Kevin P., Hill, Adrian V.S., Hill, David R., Hinman, Alan R., Hirsch, Martin S., Hodges, Lisa S., Holland, Steven M., Hook, Edward W., III, Hooper, David C., Hooton, Thomas M., Horsburgh, C. Robert, Jr., Hospenthal, Duane R., Hughes, James M., Hughes, Molly A., Huston, Christopher D., Hynes, Noreen A., Iredell, Jonathan R., Janda, J. Michael, Johannsen, Eric C., Johnson, Warren D., Jr., Kashuba, Angela D.M., Kasper, Dennis L., Kaye, Donald, Kaye, Keith S., Kaye, Kenneth M., Kazura, James W., Kenny, George E., Keystone, Jay S., Khabbaz, Rima F., King, Charles H., Kirchhoff, Louis V., Klein, Jerome O., Knoll, Bettina M., Knowlton, Kirk U., Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Könönen, Eija, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Koralnik, Igor J., Koshy, Anita A., Kotton, Camille Nelson, Kovacs, Joseph A., Kozarsky, Phyllis, Koziel, Margaret James, Krieger, John N., Kuehnert, Matthew J., LeDuc, James W., Lee, Laura M., Leggett, James E., Lescano, Andres G., Levett, Paul N., Levine, Donald P., Levison, Matthew E., Lewis, Russell E., Liles, W. Conrad, Lima, Aldo A.M., Litman, Nathan, Lorber, Bennett, Lutwick, Larry I., MacGregor, Rob Roy, Mackowiak, Philip A., Madoff, Lawrence C., Magill, Alan J., Maguire, James H., Maldarelli, Frank, Mandell, Lionel A., Mann, Barbara J., Markoff, Lewis, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., Marrie, Thomas J., Marth, Thomas, Martin, Gregory J., Maschmeyer, Georg, Masur, Henry, Mawle, Alison, Mayer, Kenneth H., McBride, John T., McCormack, William M., McIntosh, Kenneth, Mead, Paul S., Meyer, Daniel K., Meyers, Burt R., Miller, Mark A., Miller, Samuel I., Mitchell, David H., Modlin, John F., Moellering, Robert C., Jr., Moir, Susan, Montgomery, Joel M., Montoya, José G., Moore, Thomas A., Moreillon, Philippe, Morrell, Dean S., Morris, J. Glenn, Jr., Morse, Caryn Gee, Moseley, Robin, Muder, Robert R., Munford, Robert S., Murphy, Edward L., Murphy, Timothy F., Murray, Barbara E., Murray, Clinton K., Murray, Patrick R., Musher, Daniel M., Nannini, Esteban C., Nash, Theodore E., Nauseef, William M., Neill, Marguerite A., O'Donnell, Judith A., Ohl, Christopher A., Okhuysen, Pablo C., Onderdonk, Andrew B., Opal, Steven M., Orenstein, Walter A., Osman, Douglas R., Osterholm, Michael T., Ostroff, Stephen M., Oxman, Michael N., Page, Andrea V., Palmore, Tara N., Pamer, Eric G., Pappas, Peter G., Pasternack, Mark S., Patterson, Thomas F., Pavan-Langston, Deborah, Pegues, David A., Penn, Robert L., Perfect, John R., Perlman, Stanley, Peters, C.J., Peterson, Phillip K., Petri, William A., Jr., Petti, Cathy A., Pickering, Larry K., Pier, Gerald B., Pillai, Satish K., Piot, Peter, Plaeger, Susan F., Polk, Ronald E., Pop-Vicas, Aurora, Powers, John H., Punturieri, Antonello, Que, Yok-ai, Rabinowitz, Ronald P., Rabizadeh, Shervin, Ramphal, Reuben, Raoult, Didier, Ravdin, Jonathan I., Ray, Stuart C., Reboli, Annette C., Reddy, Pavani, Reichman, Richard C., Reitz, Marvin S., Jr., Relman, David A., Renault, Cybèle A., Restrepo, Angela, Rex, John H., Reynolds, Herbert Y., Rhee, Elizabeth G., Rhee, Kyu Y., Rotz, Lisa D., Ruoff, Kathryn L., Rupp, Mark E., Rupprecht, Charles E., Russo, Thomas A., Rutala, William A., Salvatore, Mirella, Saulsbury, Frank T., Savoia, Maria C., Sax, Paul E., Scheld, W. Michael, Schiffer, Joshua T., Schlossberg, David, Schneider, Thomas, Schwebke, Jane R., Sears, Cynthia L., Seas, Carlos, Sepkowitz, Kent A., Septimus, Edward J., Siberry, George K., Sifri, Costi D., Singh, Nina, Singh, Upinder, Sinner, Scott W., Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, Slater, Leonard N., Smulian, A. George, Sobel, Jack D., Sodha, Samir V., Sohail, M. Rizwan, Solomon, Tom, Song, Yuli, Soper, David E., Sorrell, Tania C., Sparling, P. Frederick, Stamm, Walter E., Steckelberg, James M., Steere, Allen C., Steigbigel, Neal H., Steinberg, James P., Steiner, Theodore S., Sterling, Timothy R., Stevens, David A., Stevens, Dennis L., Strahilevitz, Jacob, Stratton, Charles W., IV, Suffredini, Anthony F., Suh, Kathryn N., Sulkowski, Mark S., Sullivan, Donna C., Swartz, Morton N., Talbot, Thomas R., Tan, C. Sabrina, Thielman, Nathan M., Thio, Chloe Lynn, Thomas, David L., Thomas, Lora D., Thorner, Anna R., Tice, Alan D., Tobón, Angela María, Tramont, Edmund C., Treanor, John J., N. Tsibris, Athe M., Tunkel, Allan R., Turner, Ronald B., Tyler, Kenneth L., van de Beek, Diederik, Vannier, Edouard G., Van Schooneveld, Trevor C., Vaughn, David W., Viscoli, Claudio, Volberding, Paul A., Wald, Ellen R., Walker, David H., Wallace, Richard J., Jr., Walsh, Edward E., Walzer, Peter D., Wanke, Christine A., Washburn, Ronald G., Wasley, Annemarie, Waters, Valerie, Weber, David J., Weinberg, Arnold N., Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Weinmann, Gail G., Weisdorf, Daniel J., Weiss, Louis M., Weiss, Michael E., Welch, David F., Wellems, Thomas E., Wenzel, Richard P., Wharton, Melinda, White, A. Clinton, Jr., Whitley, Richard J., Wilson, Kenneth H., Wilson, Walter R., Witebsky, Frank G., Wolfgang, Matthew C., Wright, Peter F., Young, Edward J., Young, Jo-Anne H., Zhang, Jie Lin, Zinner, Stephen H., and Zurlo, John J.

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177. Sequence analysis of transplacentally acquired human herpesvirus 6 DNA is consistent with transmission of a chromosomally integrated reactivated virus.

Author

Gravel A, Hall CB, and Flamand L

Subjects
Chromosomes, Human genetics, DNA, Viral genetics, Female, Genes, Viral, Glycoproteins genetics, Glycoproteins metabolism, Herpesvirus 6, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Polymorphism, Genetic, Pregnancy, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Load, Chromosomes, Human virology, Herpesvirus 6, Human genetics, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Virus Integration
Abstract

The majority of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) congenital infections (86%) originate from germ line transmission of chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6). To determine whether transplacentally acquired HHV-6 could derive from the transmission of reactivated maternal ciHHV-6, we identified mother-infant pairs in which infants had proven transplacentally acquired HHV-6 and mothers had documented ciHHV-6, and we sequenced and compared the HHV-6 gB gene sequences for each pair. Our data indicate that the gB gene sequence found in each cord blood specimen was identical to that of the corresponding mother but divergent from that of other known HHV-6 isolates. These results are consistent with transplacentally acquired HHV-6 originating from the transmission of reactivated ciHHV-6.

Published
2013
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178. The burgeoning burden of respiratory syncytial virus among children.

Author

Hall CB

Subjects
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Palivizumab, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections drug therapy, United States epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections virology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human isolation & purification
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first isolated from infants by Chanock and colleagues in 1957. However, control of this ubiquitous agent has yet to be achieved. RSV is recognized as the primary cause of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) among infants worldwide. Among children < 5 years old, annual hospitalization rates in the United States (US) is 3/1000 children, and rates in Canada and European countries are similar. In the US the hospitalization rate is 3 times higher than that from influenza or parainfluenza viral infections. Much less appreciated is the clinical and economic burden from RSV outpatients, as few have specific diagnostic testing. Nevertheless, RSV in the US is estimated to cause 1 of 334 hospitalizations, 1 of 38 emergency department visits, but 1 of 13 private practice visits. These outpatient children tend to have moderate to severe illness with approximately three-fourths manifesting labored respirations. RSV burden among outpatients, therefore, is considerable both in size and severity. The global burden of RSV infection is unknown as few studies are from developing countries. Estimates indicate about one-fourth of all acute LRTI occur among children < 5 years, and the greatest burden is among children in developing countries. Currently the only approved means of RSV prophylaxis is passive immunization with humanized F protein monoclonal antibody. Such prophylaxis, however, has limited availability, is expensive, and is recommended only for infants most at risk for severe RSV disease. Only widespread immunization of children is likely to diminish the current burden of RSV infection.

Published
2012
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180. Transplacental congenital human herpesvirus 6 infection caused by maternal chromosomally integrated virus.

Author

Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, Shelley LM, Carnahan JA, Marino AS, Yoo C, and Lofthus GK

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious genetics, Roseolovirus Infections congenital, Roseolovirus Infections genetics, Roseolovirus Infections transmission, Herpesvirus 6, Human genetics, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology, Roseolovirus Infections virology, Virus Integration
Abstract

Congenital human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection results from germline passage of chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (CI-HHV-6) and from transplacental passage of maternal HHV-6 infection. We aimed to determine whether CI-HHV-6 could replicate and cause transplacentally acquired HHV-6 infection. HHV-6 DNA, variant type, and viral loads were determined with samples (cord blood, peripheral blood, saliva, urine, and hair) obtained from 6 infants with transplacentally acquired HHV-6 and with samples of their parents' hair. No fathers but all mothers of infants with transplacentally acquired HHV-6 had CI-HHV-6, and the mother's CI-HHV-6 variant was the same variant causing the transplacentally acquired congenital HHV-6 infection. This suggests the possibility that CI-HHV-6 replicates and may cause most, if not all, congenital HHV-6 infections.

Published
2010
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181. Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis and management.

Author

Zorc JJ and Hall CB

Subjects
Bronchiolitis epidemiology, Bronchiolitis physiopathology, Bronchodilator Agents therapeutic use, Child, Disease Progression, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Humans, Leukotriene Antagonists therapeutic use, Oximetry, Saline Solution, Hypertonic therapeutic use, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States epidemiology, Bronchiolitis diagnosis, Bronchiolitis drug therapy
Abstract

Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and hospitalization of young children. Research into the variation in treatment and outcomes for bronchiolitis across different settings has led to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Ongoing investigation continues to expand this body of evidence. Authors of recent surveillance studies have defined the presence of coinfections with multiple viruses in some cases of bronchiolitis. Underlying comorbidities and young age remain the most important predictors for severe bronchiolitis. Pulse oximetry plays an important role in driving use of health care resources. Evidence-based reviews have suggested a limited role for diagnostic laboratory or radiographic tests in typical cases of bronchiolitis. Several large, recent trials have revealed a lack of efficacy for routine use of either bronchodilators or corticosteroids for treatment of bronchiolitis. Preliminary evidence suggests a potential future role for a combination of these therapies and other novel treatments such as nebulized hypertonic saline.

Published
2010
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183. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children.

Author

Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Auinger P, Griffin MR, Poehling KA, Erdman D, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y, and Szilagyi P

Subjects
Ambulatory Care statistics & numerical data, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Preschool, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Male, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses isolation & purification, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The primary role of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in causing infant hospitalizations is well recognized, but the total burden of RSV infection among young children remains poorly defined., Methods: We conducted prospective, population-based surveillance of acute respiratory infections among children under 5 years of age in three U.S. counties. We enrolled hospitalized children from 2000 through 2004 and children presenting as outpatients in emergency departments and pediatric offices from 2002 through 2004. RSV was detected by culture and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Clinical information was obtained from parents and medical records. We calculated population-based rates of hospitalization associated with RSV infection and estimated the rates of RSV-associated outpatient visits., Results: Among 5067 children enrolled in the study, 919 (18%) had RSV infections. Overall, RSV was associated with 20% of hospitalizations, 18% of emergency department visits, and 15% of office visits for acute respiratory infections from November through April. Average annual hospitalization rates were 17 per 1000 children under 6 months of age and 3 per 1000 children under 5 years of age. Most of the children had no coexisting illnesses. Only prematurity and a young age were independent risk factors for hospitalization. Estimated rates of RSV-associated office visits among children under 5 years of age were three times those in emergency departments. Outpatients had moderately severe RSV-associated illness, but few of the illnesses (3%) were diagnosed as being caused by RSV., Conclusions: RSV infection is associated with substantial morbidity in U.S. children in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Most children with RSV infection were previously healthy, suggesting that control strategies targeting only high-risk children will have a limited effect on the total disease burden of RSV infection., (2009 Massachusetts Medical Society)

Published
2009
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184. Chromosomal integration of human herpesvirus 6 is the major mode of congenital human herpesvirus 6 infection.

Author

Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel K, Shelley LM, Marino AS, Carnahan JA, Yoo C, Lofthus GK, and McDermott MP

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral analysis, Child, Preschool, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect, Herpesvirus 6, Human immunology, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Roseolovirus Infections genetics, Roseolovirus Infections virology, Viral Load, Chromosomes virology, DNA, Viral analysis, Genome, Viral genetics, Herpesvirus 6, Human genetics, Roseolovirus Infections congenital, Virus Integration
Abstract

Objective: We examined the frequency and characteristics of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 among congenitally infected children., Methods: Infants with and without congenital human herpesvirus 6 infection were prospectively monitored. Cord blood mononuclear cell, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, saliva, urine, and hair follicle samples were examined for human herpesvirus 6 DNA. Human herpesvirus 6 RNA, serum antibody, and chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 levels were also assessed., Results: Among 85 infants, 43 had congenital infections and 42 had postnatal infections. Most congenital infections (86%) resulted from chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6; 6 infants (14%) had transplacental infections. Children with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 had high viral loads in all sites (mean: 5-6 log(10) genomic copies per mug of cellular DNA); among children with transplacental infection or postnatal infection, human herpesvirus 6 DNA was absent in hair samples and inconsistent in other samples, and viral loads were significantly lower. One parent of each child with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 who had parental hair samples tested had hair containing human herpesvirus 6 DNA. Variant A caused 32% of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 infections, compared with 2% of postnatal infections. Replicating human herpesvirus 6 was detected only among chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 samples (8% of cord blood mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Cord blood human herpesvirus 6 antibody levels were similar among children with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6, transplacental infection, and postnatal infection and between children with maternal and paternal chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 transmission., Conclusions: Human herpesvirus 6 congenital infection results primarily from chromosomally integrated virus which is passed through the germ-line. Infants with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 had high viral loads in all specimens, produced human herpesvirus 6 antibody, and mRNA. The clinical relevance needs study as 1 of 116 newborns may have chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 blood specimens.

Published
2008
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185. Human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 infections in pregnant women.

Author

Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K, Lofthus G, and McDermott MP

Subjects
Adult, DNA, Viral blood, Female, Fetal Blood virology, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Placenta virology, Pregnancy, Roseolovirus Infections blood, Roseolovirus Infections transmission, Viral Load, Virus Replication, Herpesvirus 6, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 7, Human isolation & purification, Roseolovirus Infections diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Both intrauterine and sexual transmission of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 have been suggested, and congenital HHV-6 infection does occur. We prospectively studied HHV-6 and HHV-7 at multiple sites in pregnant women to determine the characteristics of these viruses at repeated time points., Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cervical secretions, placenta, and cord blood were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR for HHV-6 and HHV-7 and by quantitative PCR for HHV-6. A control group of women was also studied., Results: We enrolled 104 pregnant and 31 control women. HHV-7 DNA was detected more frequently in PBMCs from pregnant women (66.9%) than HHV-6 DNA (22.2%; P<.0001), but both were found at low rates in cervical swabs (HHV-7 vs. HHV-6 DNA, 3.0% vs. 7.5%; P=.19). Pregnant women with HHV-6 DNA present in cervical swabs had a greater odds of having HHV-6 DNA present in the blood than did pregnant women with negative cervical swabs (odds ratio, 12.9; P=.0009). HHV-6 reactivation or reinfection was suggested in 17% of pregnant women. One placental sample had active HHV-6 replication., Conclusions: Detection of HHV-6 DNA in cervical secretions is associated with HHV-6 DNA in PBMC samples. Active placental infection along with congenital HHV-6 infection was identified.

Published
2007
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186. The spread of influenza and other respiratory viruses: complexities and conjectures.

Author

Hall CB

Subjects
Communicable Disease Control, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Communicable Diseases virology, Environment, Humans, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human transmission, Respiratory Tract Infections prevention & control, Respiratory Tract Infections transmission, Virus Shedding, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections virology
Published
2007
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188. Characteristics and acquisition of human herpesvirus (HHV) 7 infections in relation to infection with HHV-6.

Author

Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, McDermott MP, Lofthus GK, Carnahan JA, Gilbert LM, and Dewhurst S

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral blood, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral blood, Female, Herpesvirus 6, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 6, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 7, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 7, Human immunology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Roseolovirus Infections diagnosis, Roseolovirus Infections virology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Viremia diagnosis, Viremia virology, Herpesvirus 6, Human pathogenicity, Herpesvirus 7, Human pathogenicity, Roseolovirus Infections epidemiology, Viremia epidemiology
Abstract

Although both human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and HHV-7 infections are ubiquitous during childhood, few acute HHV-7 infections are identified. It is unknown whether HHV-7 viremia indicates primary infection, as with HHV-6, or reactivation, and if these differ clinically. We studied, in otherwise healthy children < or =10 years old, HHV-7 and HHV-6 infections and their interaction by serologic assessment, viral isolation, and polymerase chain reaction. In children < or =24 months of age, HHV-7 infections occurred less often than HHV-6 infections (P< or =.002). Of 2806 samples from 2365 children < or =10 years old, 30 (1%) showed evidence of HHV-7 viremia; 23 (77%) of these were primary and 7 (23%) were reactivated HHV-7 infections. Four (13%) showed concurrent HHV-6 viremia, 2 associated with primary HHV-7 infections. The clinical manifestations of primary and reactivated HHV-7 infections were similar, except that seizures occurred more frequently in reactivated infections. These findings, previously unrecognized in otherwise healthy children, suggest that HHV-7 viremia could represent primary or reactivated infection and may be affected by the interaction between HHV-6 and HHV-7.

Published
2006
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189. Congenital infections with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7).

Author

Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, Boettrich C, McDermott MP, Lofthus GK, Carnahan JA, and Dewhurst S

Subjects
Antibodies, Viral blood, Child, Preschool, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Female, Fetal Blood virology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Prospective Studies, Roseolovirus Infections virology, Herpesvirus 6, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 7, Human isolation & purification, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Roseolovirus Infections congenital, Roseolovirus Infections transmission
Abstract

Objective: To examine whether: (1) congenital human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7) infections occur; whether (2) their manifestations differ from postnatal infections; and whether (3) HHV6 and HHV7 infections differ despite their close relatedness., Study Design: HHV6 and HHV7 infections acquired congenitally and postnatally in normal children were compared using viral isolation, serology, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested DNA-PCR for HHV6 variant A (HHV6A), HHV6 variant B (HHV6B), and HHV7., Results: HHV6 DNA was detected in 57 (1%) of 5638 cord bloods. HHV7 DNA, however, was not detected in 2129 cord bloods. Congenital HHV6 infections differed from postnatal infections, which were acute febrile illnesses. Congenital infections were asymptomatic, 10% demonstrated reactivation at birth, and HHV6 DNA persistence in follow-up blood samples was significantly more frequent. One-third of congenital infections were HHV6A, whereas all postnatal infections were HHV6B., Conclusions: Congenital HHV6 infections occurred in 1% of births, similar to the rate for cytomegalovirus infection. Congenital infections were clinically and virologically distinct from postnatal infections. Congenital HHV7 infections, however, were not detected, suggesting considerable differences in transmission and pathogenesis in these closely related beta-herpesviruses.

Published
2004
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192. Respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults: the cost of a cold.

Author

Hashem M and Hall CB

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Common Cold epidemiology, Common Cold physiopathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections physiopathology, Common Cold economics, Common Cold virology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections economics, Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is well recognized as a major pathogen of lower respiratory tract infection and hospitalization in young infants. More recently the pathogenicity of RSV has been demonstrated in elderly adults, institutionalized individuals, and those with compromised immune function. In these populations RSV spreads with ease and frequently results in severe or fatal cardiopulmonary complications. In younger, healthy adults, however, the manifestations and importance of RSV infection have been studied little, and RSV is generally not considered as a cause of respiratory illness in this healthy, working population. RSV occurs in yearly outbreaks and is highly contagious. Immunity after infection is neither complete nor durable. Repeated infections, therefore, occur throughout life. In most cases these recurrent infections involve the upper respiratory tract and thus do not receive a specific diagnosis. However, recent studies indicate that in the younger, healthy adult these respiratory illnesses tend to be more severe than the average 'cold' and may have manifestations similar to influenza. An appreciable proportion results in work absence. Thus, the emerging information suggests that RSV infection clearly occurs frequently in healthy adults in contact with children, but is generally not diagnosed. The potential burden on the healthcare system is unestimated, possibly unappreciated, and should be considered in strategies being developed for preventing RSV infection.

Published
2003
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193. Pacifier as a risk factor for acute otitis media.

Author

Wellington M and Hall CB

Subjects
Acute Disease, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Otitis Media epidemiology, Otitis Media prevention & control, Random Allocation, Research Design standards, Risk Factors, Infant Care statistics & numerical data, Otitis Media etiology
Published
2002

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