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Dark colored commercial erucic acid oils from rapeseed, and from mustard seed screenings (Brassica species), have been subjected to various refining and bleaching treatments. Superfiltrol bleaching clay was superior to Neutrol clay or an unactivated Manitoba bentonite. Lecithin-free, partially alkali refined, and alkali refined oils were bleached readily by heating for 20 min. at 100 °C., as little as 2% clay yielding oils similar in color to commercial table oils. Crude oils could be bleached without preliminary refining treatment if the temperature were raised to 200 °C., though some increase in free fatty acid occurred. With Stanolax as a color standard, relative transmissions at a wave length of 440 mμ were 4.5% for crude rapeseed oil, 5.0% for alkali refined rapeseed oil, and 58, 78, and 91%, respectively, for the alkali refined oil bleached with 1, 2, and 4% Superfiltrol. The behavior of mustard seed oils was closely similar though more bleaching clay was required. For both rape and mustard, spectrophotometric analyses indicated generally similar transmissions for crude, lecithin-free, and partially alkali refined oils in the range from 225 to 500 mμ, while fully alkali refined oils showed reduced transmissions in the triene region (260 to 280 mμ) with slightly increased transmission over the range from 320 to 500 mμ. Bleached oils were characterized by high transmissions in the range above 320 mμ.

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An infusion of Orthosiphon aristatus has long been used for diabetes therapy; however, the active principles remained unknown. Herein, we report the identification of the putative agents responsible for this antidiabetic activity using an α-glucosidase-guided isolation. Four flavonoids named sinensetin (1), salvigenin (2), tetramethylscutellarein (3) and 3,7,4′-tri- O-methylkaempferol (4), together with a diterpenoid named orthosiphol A (5), were characterized, based on analysis of their spectroscopic data. Flavonoids 3 and 4 inhibited yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 6.34 and 0.75 mM, respectively, whereas orthosiphol A (5) selectively inhibited intestinal maltase with an IC50 value of 6.54 mM. A kinetic investigation of 5 indicated that it retarded maltase function in a noncompetitive manner.

Four cases of non-Hirschsprung megacolon in adults are presented. The histology of the myenteric plexus suggests that this may be an anomaly of development.

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Groups of Dahlia cuttings, untreated, talc treated, and treated with talc containing various concentrations of naphthylbutyric acid, were propagated in sand in a greenhouse. All the untreated cuttings died; those treated with talc alone suffered only 4% mortality. Although phytohormone treatment increased the number of roots per rooted cutting, it increased the average mortality to 23%. There were no significant differences in the effects of the various concentrations of phytohormone. Reduction of mortality by talc treatment was the chief feature of the results.

The question to be discussed is this:—Can Aronhold's theorems on the bitangents of a quartic curve of genus three be extended to the tritangent planes of a space seztic of genus four?The answer is “No”: decisiveness arises from the fact that the gist of Aronhold's results can be stated in a very simple form, namely:—(a) Given seven lines in a plane it is possible to derive from them uniquely and symmetrically a quartic curve that has them for bitangents.

Approximately neutral sodium salt solutions of the group of chemicals comprising synthetic plant growth stimulants have been found to disperse undenatured gluten. Marked dispersing effects were noted with salts of naphthylacetic, naphthylbutyric, naphthylhexoic, indolylacetic, indolylbutyric, and phenylacetic acids. Salts of other substances, i.e., anthranilic and sulphanilic acids also had some effect. Percentages of nitrogen in gluten dispersed by salts of the following acids were 97 for naphthylacetic, 86 for phenylacetic, 85 for anthranilic, and 67 for sulphanilic; the controls, 1% sodium hydroxide and 10% sodium salicylate effected dispersions of 94 and 96% of total nitrogen, respectively.

THE formaldehyde method of disinfecting cereal seeds for smuts often results in substantial reduction in germination and in retarded growth. It has been found that the addition of 1/100–10 ppm. of phytohormone chemical to the treating solution greatly reduces, or entirely prevents, formaldehyde damage. This effect is obtained with 3-indolylacetic, l-naphthyl-acetic and phenylacetic acids, and with a number of other physiologically active chemicals. Certain plant extracts and vitamin B1 also reduce this type of seed injury. The accompanying photograph illustrates the effect of adding phytohormones to formaldehyde solution of standard concentration (1 part 40 per cent formaldehyde to 320 parts water).

THE addition of growth hormones to a variety of plant materials results in marked responses over appropriate concentration ranges. The behaviour varies with the particular hormone used, the method of application and the developmental stage of the plant. With graded concentrations of growth hormone the response assumes the form of a physiological curve.

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