Search

To compare the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) and the standard laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in a randomized auto control design.Fifty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-2, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. After the routine intravenous anesthesia induction, the PLMA and the SLMA were inserted randomly in sequence into each patient and inflated to an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa), airway seal pressure and lung ventilation satisfaction were evaluated, and fiberoptic (FOB) scores of the cuff anatomic position were measured. The mean expired volume and the mean peak inspiratory pressure of five continuous breaths were calculated after IPPV with 10 ml/kg tidal volume was performed.Without cuff inflation, airway seal pressure was higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA (P0.05), and adequate or acceptable lung ventilation was obtained in 46 (92%) patients with the PLMA, but only 22 (44%) patients with the SLMA. When the air volume required to obtain an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H(2)O, adequate lung ventilation was obtained in 50 patients with the PLMA, but only 28 patients with the SLMA, and the inflation volume and sequential airway seal pressure were higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA (both P0.05), and the airway seal pressure with the PLMA was not less than with the SLMA in each patient. The ventilation volume was higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA, except in 2 patients. The FOB score of the cuff position was lower with the PLMA than with the SLMA (P0.05). The mean expired tidal volume and the mean peak inspiratory pressure were not significantly different between 29 patients with the PLMA and 21 patients with the SLMA for airway maintenance during operation (both P0.05).Compared with SLMA, PLMA can achieve a higher airway seal pressure and potentially isolate the glottis and the upper esophagus, and is safer and more effective for positive pressure ventilation.

The site preferences of the rare earth intermetallics Nd6Fe13−xTxSi (T = Co, Ni) are investigated by using interatomic pair potentials which are converted from a lattice-inversion method. Calculation shows that the order of the site preference of Co is 4d, 16k, 16l1, and 16l2 and that of Ni is 16l2, 16l1, 16k, and 4d in Nd6Fe13−xTxSi. Calculated lattice and positional parameters are found to agree with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the phonon density of states for Nd6Fe13−xTxSi is also evaluated, and a qualitative analysis featuring the coordination and the relevant potentials is carried out.

The effect of systemic administration of nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME) on morphine analgesia tolerance was observed by using the thermal tail-flick method, and the roles of NO and NMDA receptors in morphine analgesia tolerance were evaluated on the basis of the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in spinal cord and midbrain. Thirty-six healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats per group). Group 1, control group, received a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of normal saline (1 ml); Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the treatment groups received s.c. injection of L-NAME 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 20 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 10 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, and L-NAME 20 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, respectively. All rats received s.c. injections twice per day (8:00 and 17:00). The tail-flick latency (TFL) was measured in each rat before the injection as a baseline value, and then TFL at 50 min after the 1st injection every day as the measuring values. The animals (except for groups 2 and 5) were decapitated at 80 min after the last injection on the 8th day. The spinal segments and midbrain were removed for analysis of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA expressions by the RT-PCR method. The results showed that TFL remained unchangeable in group 2 compared with baseline value during the 7-day observation, while increased significantly on the 7th day in group 3. In group 4, TFL was longest on the 1st day, then decreased gradually from the 2nd day to the 6th day, and restored to the baseline value on the 6th day. In group 5, TFL showed a decreasing tendency during the 7-day observation, but was still significantly longer than the baseline value on the 7th day. The changes of TFL obtained in group 6 were similar to those in group 5. The results of RT-PCR showed that as compared with group 1, nNOS mRNA expressions in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly down-regulated in group 3, but the expressions of the NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in both groups were similar, while the nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA expressions were all significantly up-regulated in group 4. As compared with group 4, the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA were significantly inhibited in group 6. These results suggest that the expressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly up-regulated in the rats with morphine analgesia tolerance. Chronic co-administration of L-NAME could effectively inhibit the morphine-induced overexpressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors, and postpone the development of morphine analgesia tolerance. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that NO/NMDA receptor in spinal cord and midbrain is closely related to the development of morphine analgesia tolerance.

To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) and with fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) after induction of general anesthesia.Totally 57 ASA physical status I - II adult patients undergoing elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either GSVL group (n = 29) or FOB group (n = 28). After a routine intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation and thereafter at 1 minute interval for 5 minutes.The intubation time was not significantly different between the two groups (P0.05). After intubation, BP and HR exhibited significant increases compared to the post-induction values in both groups, but the maximum values of BP did not exceed the pre-induction values while the maximum value of HR was higher than the pre-induction value. During the observation, BP and HR at all time points as well as the maximum values of BP and HR had no significant differences between the two groups (P0.05).The orotracheal intubations using FOB and GSVL result in similar hemodynamic responses.

Intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) offers a new approach for orotracheal intubation and is expected to produce less cardiovascular stress responses. However, the available studies provide inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a clinically relevant difference in hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation by using ILMA and direct laryngoscope (DLS).A total of 53 adult patients, ASA physical status I-II, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring the orotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated to either DLS or ILMA groups. After a standard intravenous anesthesia induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (post-induction values), at intubation and every minute for the first 5 minutes after intubation. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test, paired and unpaired Student's t test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance as appropriate.The mean intubation time in the ILMA group was longer than that in the DLS group (P0.05). The blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after intubation in the two groups compared to the post-induction values (P0.05), but the maximum value of blood pressure during the observation did not exceed the baseline value, while the maximum value of heart rate was higher than the baseline (P0.05). During the observation, there were no significant differences in blood pressure and heart rate among each time point and in the maximum values between the two groups.Orotracheal intubations by using ILMA and DLS produce similar hemodynamic response. ILMA has no advantage in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation compared with DLS.

A monolithic osmotic pump tablet (MOPT) of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Recipe (TCMCR) was successfully prepared and active components of Jingzhiguanxin prescription which has been widely used in China and Japan was selected as model drug. Analysis methods of maker compound in vitro of danshensu, paeoniflorin and safflor yellow A were built, and different methods were compared by f 2 factors. The results showed that there were fine correlation among them. Finally UV method of safflor yellew A was chosen to determine the release of the drugs, which was fast, convenient, met the need of determination and could represent other methods. During the research, single factor influence selection was studied emphatically. It showed that there were significant influence between different varieties and quantity of osmotic promoting agents, different kind of retardants, different varieties and quantity of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and membrane weight. However, no significant influence existed between different quantity of retardants and SDS, different membrane orifices and methods of dissolution. Based on the single factor influence selection, an optimal formulation was decided, and three maker compounds of Jingzhiguanxin MOPT could isochronous release and at the same time they had good zero order release characteristics to 8 h. Paeoniflorin release in vivo was estimated by deconvolution, the results shown that there were a good in-vitro in-vivo correlation (r=0.9571).

High impedance ground plane (HIGP) is a kind of electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure utilized as a ground plane for a single ridged wave-guide slot phased antenna array in order to improve its radiation characteristics. As compared to a solid metal ground plane, the results suggest that the HIGP can significantly improve the pattern of slot antenna array. The antenna gain is increased, the back lobes are reduced and the mutual coupling between two antenna arrays is reduced.

To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) with conventional orotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscope (DLS) in children under general anesthesia.Forty-three American Society of Anesthesiologist grade I-II children undergoing the elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the DLS group (n = 20)or the FOB group (n = 23). After standard intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed using a DLS or a FOB. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation, and 5 minutes after intubation with 1 minute interval.In the DLS group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their postinduction values (P0.05),but blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation didn't differ from their preinduction values. The maximal values of SBP, HR and RPP during the observation (from the beginning of intravenous anesthetic induction to 5 minutes after intubation) were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P0.05). In the FOB group, blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their preinduction and postinduction values (P0.05), and the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure and RPP at each time point during the observation between the two groups. The HR at intubation were significantly higher in the FOB group than in the DLS group (P0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the HR values at other time points during the observation between the two groups. There were also no significant differences in the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP or the times to reach their maximal values between the two groups.General anesthesia of clinical standard depth can not effectively inhibit the pressor and tachycardiac responses caused by fiberoptic orotracheal intubation in children. As compared with DLS, FOB has no special advantages in preventing the cardiovascular stress responses to orotracheal intubation in children.

To observe the effect of cytokines absorption on renal and respiratory function in patients with open-heart surgery.30 patients undergoing valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly divided into two groups. A sulfonated polyacrylonitrile hemofilter (AN69) that has been used to absorb cytokines was connected into the efferent limb of CPB in Group A (n = 15), and a cellulose triacetate hemofilter (CT 190G) instead of AN69 was used as controls (Group B, n = 15). The levels of plasma pro-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8) anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ra), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and post-operation renal and respiratory function were compared between the two groups. Blood samples were analysed for TNF-alpha and IL-6 and IL-8 and C-reactive protein (CRP). The changes in renal, respiratory function were also observed.(1) At the end of CPB, TNF-alpha 10 ng/L +/- 3 ng/L and IL-6 115 ng/L +/- 22 ng/L levels in Group A were significantly lower than that in Group B 13 ng/L +/- 3 ng/L, 134 ng/L +/- 29 ng/L) respectively (P0.05 in all). There is no statistical differences in plasma IL-10 and IL-1ra levels between the two groups. (2) After 24 hours of CPB, the magnitude of increased body temperature, heart rate, white blood cell and plasma CRP in Group A [1.6 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, 15/min +/- 4/min, (17 +/- 3) x 10(9)/L, 56 mg/L +/- 13 mg/L], were significantly lower than that in Group B [2.1 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, 23/min +/- 6/min, (22 +/- 3) x 10(9)/L, 69 mg/L +/- 15 mg/L] respectively (P0.05 in all). (3) After 24 hours of CPB, the levels of 24h urinary protein excretion and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were significantly lower in Group A when compared to that in Controls (0.20 g/d +/- 0.08 g/d vs 0.30 g/d +/- 0.14 g/d, 28 U/L +/- 11 U/L vs 38 U/L +/- 13 U/L respectively), P0.05 in all. The level of creatinine clearance (Ccr) in Group A (68 +/- 7) ml.min(-1).1.73 m(-2) was significantly elevated than that in Group B (57 +/- 11) ml.min(-1).1.73 m(-2) (P0.05). (4) One hour after the end of CPB, the magnitude of increased plateau airway pressure (P(Plateau)) and peak airway pressure (P(Peak)) in Group A were significantly lower than that in Controls (P0.01 in all). The duration that need mechanical ventilation after operation in Group A (4.9 h +/- 0.6 h) was much shorter than that in Group B (5.8 h +/- 0.8 h, P0.05).Lowering the plasma levels of cytokines by extracorporeal absorption may attenuate systemic inflammatory response and protect lung and kidney function in patients with open-heart surgery.

To discuss the safety, feasibility, efficacy and problem of endovascular repair (EVR) for ruptured aortic aneurysm (RAA).Fourteen patients with RAA were obtained diagnosis and anatomic data of proximal and distal neck through magnetic resonance imaging and CT. The patients with hypotension were accepted anti-shock treatment. Stent-grafts were deployed in proper position of RAA under X-ray fluoroscopic.The time from rupture to operation was 50 min to 21 d. Three cases had plenty of blood in left pleural cavity and 2 cases were done under bleeding shock condition. Five cases with RAA were fixed by bifurcated stent-grafts and others by straight stent-grafts. Follow-up term was 1 month to 38 months. One with ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm died 4 h later after operation, another one died of left thoracic cavity infection 9 months later, and others lived well without complication.The EVR is a safe, efficient and feasible method. It will be a potential alternative to treat RAA in future, but more suitable for RAA with better proximal and distal landing zones.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) has been demonstrated to have protective effect for patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little evidence is available for the benefit or side-effects of ACEI in treating patients with more severe CKD. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the renal protective effect and safety of ACEI in patients whose serum creatinine (Scr) levels were higher than 265 micromol/L.168 CKD patients took benazepril for two months. 21 patients quitted the trial because of cough. The remaining 147 CKD patients were divided into two groups according to their Scr levels. Patients with Scr 133 - 265 micromol/L were included in group A (n = 55), and those with Scr 266-442 micromol/L were included in group B (n = 92). Furthermore, group B were divided randomly into two subgroups, B1 (n = 47) and B2 (n = 45). Benazepril was given (10 - 20 mg/d) as an intervention for group A and group B1. Additional calcium-channel antagonist and/or beta-blocker and/or vasodilator were used for blood pressure control in those two groups. Patients in group B2 served as controls who take calcium-channel antagonist and/or beta-blocker and/or vasodilator but not Benazepril. The target blood pressure is 125/75 mm Hg or less in all groups. All patients were followed for two years. Doubling of the baseline Scr level or end-stage renal disease with the need for dialysis was regarded as the major end point of the trial.(1) The magnitude of mean arterial pressure reduction was comparable in group A [(12.90 +/- 3.21) mm Hg], group B1 [(13.36 +/- 4.27) mm Hg] and group B2 [(10.38 +/- 3.85) mm Hg]. There was no significant change among them (P0.05 in all). (2) The magnitude of urinary protein reduction (Delta) in group A [(0.52 +/- 0.29) g/24 h], group B1 [(0.50 +/- 0.26) g/24 h] were much higher than that in group B2 [(0.19 +/- 0.13) g/24 h] (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between group A and B1 (P = 0.94). (3) By the end of two years, the percentages of cases reaching the major end point in group A, group B1 and group B2 were 19.23%, 40.90% and 51.35% respectively. There was significant difference among the three groups (chi(2) = 12.14, upsilon = 2, P = 0.002). (4) After two years of treatment, the left ventricular mass indexes and the percentages of left ventricular hypertrophy in group A, group B1 and group B2 were all decreased significantly. There were no statistical differences among the three groups. (5) The incidence of ACEI related adverse reactions, such as rapid increase of Scr more than 30%, dry cough or hyperkalemia were not different among the three groups.Benazepril slows the progression of CKD in patients with Scr higher than 266 micromol/L, it is safe in these patients.

Paeoniflorin is the principal bioactive component of Paeoniae Radix. The traditional chinese medicine compound recipe (TCMCR) tablets of Jing–Zhi–Guan–Xin (JZGX), which is composed of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Paeoniae Rubrae, Rhizoma Chuan-xiong, Flos Carthami and Lignum Dalbergiae Odorafera, have been widely used in China and Japan. The plasma concentrations of paeoniflorin in beagle dogs after oral administration of two Jing–Zhi–Guan–Xin formulations (the dose used in the two formulations were both 200 mg paeoniflorin) were measured using a simple and rapid HPLC method. The mean terminal half-lives ( t 1/2 ) of JZGX tablet and JZGX elementary osmotic pump tablet (EOPT) formulations of paeoniflorin were 147.52 ± 28.98 and 276.60 ± 24.24 min, the maximum plasma concentrations ( C max ) of paeoniflorin were 210.49 ± 23.89 and 94.36 ± 14.01 ng/ml, times to reach maximum concentrations ( t max ) were 130.00 ± 30.98 and 280.00 ± 48.99 min, the area under the plasma concentration–time curves (AUC 0−∞ ) were 43066.50 ± 10119.51 and 42266.87 ± 2654.90 ng min/ml, the mean residence times (MRT) were 212.87 ± 41.82 and 399.14 ± 34.98 min, respectively, and the relative bioavailability (Fr) of JZGX EOPT compared with JZGX tablet was 101.8 ± 18.8%. These results, compared with the pharmacokinetic parameters of paeoniflorin after oral administration of Paeoniae Radix extract alone, indicated that the absorption of paeoniflorin after oral administration of the two JZGX formulations was significantly greater than that after oral administration of Paeoniae Radix extract alone.

To discuss the safety, feasibility, efficacy and problems of endovascular repair for aortic dissection.From June, 1998 to Dec, 2004, 178 aortic dissections were treated by stent-grafts, including 76 acute cases and 102 chronic cases, 19 cases with Stanford A and 159 cases with Stanford B. Under local or general anesthesia, every stent-graft was deployed at the proper position of first tear entry through femoral artery under X-ray fluoroscopic. The changes of hemodynamic in true and false lumen, visceral and limbs blood supply were investigated after operation.10 cases combined with left common carotid artery or left subclavian artery or hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery bypass. 36 left subclavian arteries were covered simultaneously without bypass and the average blood pressure of left brachial artery was (61.6 +/- 23.7) mm Hg. The stent-grafts were deployed above thoracic 8 in 159 cases and below thoracic 8 in 19 cases. This group included 3.4% 30-day death rate, 12.9% endoleak rate after deployment, and without misplace of stent grafts, migration, rupture, conversion to open surgery and paraplegia complication. The average operation time 1.5 h (0.5-4.3 h), blood loss 140 ml (30-500 ml), movement recover time 1.8 d (0.5-21.0 d), food recover time 1.5 d (0.5-9.0 d). The true lumen blood supply in most of damaged visceral arteries were improved. Follow up between 1 month to 76 months, the endoleak rate was 6.4% one month later.The endovascular repair is a safe, efficacy and feasible method to aortic dissection. The long term results keep in follow up.

To isolate and identify 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD) producing Comamonas testosteroni from soil, and to clone and overexpress 3alpha-HSD in E.coli.Samples of pond mud were inoculated into cultural medium with androsterone as sole carbon source. The primary identification was performed according to the morphological observation, biochemical reaction and cultural characterization. To further identify the bacteria, a couple of primers were designed according to the 3alpha-HSD gene of Comamonas testosteroni. An 800 bp fragment containing 3alpha-HSD gene was obtained by PCR amplification. Then the PCR products were inserted into plasmids pET-15b to construct recombinant plasmids pET-15b. Afterwards the host bacteria containing recombinant plasmids pET-15b with proper orientation grew with isopropyl-beta-D-thioglactopyranoside (IPTG) induction.The isolated bacteria which could use androsterone as the sole carbon source had 85% consistency with Comamonas testosteroni. After 5 hours of IPTG induction, a recombinant protein about 29 x10(3) with enzyme activity was overexpressed in the host bacteria E.coli. BL21(DE3) pLysS. This protein could catalyze the dehydrogenization reaction of androsterone (3alpha-hydroxysteroid).A strain of Gramjnegative 3alpha-HSD producing Comamonas testosteroni was isolated from pond mud, and recombinant 3alpha-HSD with enzyme activity was overexpressed in E.coli. This work laid good foundation for the purification of recombinant 3alpha-HSD by metal chelate chromatography, and also for the construction of an enzymatic cycling method to measure serum total bile acids with recombinant 3alpha-HSD as the tool enzyme.

To evaluate the methods of surgery for extraperitoneal pelvic neoplasms.Clinical data related to surgery of 84 cases of extraperitoneal pelvic neoplasms were extracted and retrospectively analyzed.All 84 patients underwent operations, including one of them who received 4 operations within 6 months for resection of a single tumor. 58 abdominal, 16 buttock and 10 combined incisions were made in the series. Pelvic organs and structures were co-resected in 35 cases, including total pelvic exenteration in 2 cases and anterior pelvic exenteration in 2 cases. Common and/or external iliac vessels were resected and transplantations of artificial vessel were carried in 5 cases. Internal iliac arteries were ligated in 10 cases. The mean blood lose was 2 385 ml in our series and the largest was 15 000 ml. The complete resection rate of tumor was 81% for 84 operations and the largest resected tumor was 30 cm x 30 cm x 25 cm. There was no hospitalized death, and postoperative complication rate was 7% (6/84) in our series. Only 1 death were seen during the mean period of postoperative follow-up of 54 months, 22 operations were carried for 21 cases of recurrence, including 7 operations for 7 recurrences in a case within 12 years.Making adequate abdominal or/and buttock incisions, exenterations of involved pelvic organs and structures, total pelvic exenteration if necessary, appropriate management of iliac vessels, planned re-operation for one tumor, and re-operation for recurrences are important methods for the treatment of extraperitoneal pelvic neoplasms.

To investigate the protective effect of ultrafiltration on pulmonary function after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) by comparing two different membranes used in the ultrafiltration.Thirty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were randomly divided into adsorption group (n=15) and control group (n=15), and in the former group, AN69 membrane was used for ultra-infiltration, with polysulfone (PS) membrane adopted in the control group during CPB. Plateau airway pressure (P(Plateau)), peak airway pressure (P(Peak)), static pulmonary compliance (Cst), dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) and respiratory index (RI) were measured or calculated before and 5, 60, 120, and 240 min after CPB in each group respectively.During the period of 5 to 240 min after CPB, the increase in P(Plateau), P(Peak), RI and decrease in Cst and Cdyn were much more obvious and lasted for longer time in the adsorption group than in the control group (P0.05). No operative death or hemoglobinuria occurred in these cases.Ultrafiltration with AN69 membrane more effectively reduces CPB-induced lung injury and improves the postoperative respiratory function than with PS membrane.

To illuminate the pathology of traumatic brain injury(TBI) and to better understand the relationship between the expression of COX-2 and the time course of TBI.Immunocytochemical staining, double-labeled with the anti-COX-2 antibody and either the neuron-specific antibody NeuN or the astroglial-specific marker GFAP, in situ hybridization and computer image analysis were used.Results from immunohistochemistry indicated time-dependent staining changes of neuronal plasma. The immunostained cells were faint at control cortex, mostly were neurons. The immunostained cells appeared to be darkly stained 30 min after TBI for extended periods of time and reached the maximum at 2 d after injury, reached another peak (P0.05) at 4 d post-injury. The darker cells persisted in a high level, significant differences (P0.05) even presented between control and 15 d post-injury. The COX-2 mRNA expression was faint at control cortex. The expressions of COX-2 mRNA appeared to be darkly stained 15 min after TBI for extended periods of time and reached the maximum (P0.05) at 1 d post-injury, reached another peak (P0.05) at 3 d post-injury, and significant differences (P0.05) even presented between control and 7 d post-injury, but not 15 d post-injury.The results of this study indicated that the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein had a possible relationship with the extended periods of time after TBI. It might have some relationship between the expression of COX-2 and secondary brain injury after TBI.

To discuss the change of blood supply pattern in visceral arteries of Stanford B dissection. The visceral arteries include celiac trunk (CA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and renal artery (RA).By retrospectively analysing the clinical data of 52 cases with Stanford B dissection, the blood supply pattern of visceral arteries was confirmed by aortography and the changes before and after endovascular repair were compared.After repair: the stenosis lesions disappeared in 7 cases supported by true channel completely but one. Twenty-two visceral arteries supported by true and false channel simultaneously recovered true channel chiefly but one. One recovered true channel chiefly and one had no change in 2 visceral arteries supported by false channel completely. Four recovered true channel chiefly and one had no change in 5 visceral arteries without blood support. 88.9% blood support got better and 11.1% blood support had no change in 36 damaged visceral arteries after endovascular repair.Blood support from true and false channel simultaneously is the chief pattern in the injured visceral arteries before repair; Endovascular repair technique is benefit to recovering the blood support of true channel.

To investigate the role of renin angiotensin system (RAS) activation in cyclosporine A nephropathy.Rats were fed with low salt diet. After seven days, they were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle (n=7), CsA treated (n=7), CsA+verapamil (n=7), CsA+enalapril (n=7). All rats except vehicle received a daily subcutaneous injection of CsA (15 mg/kg) for four weeks. Plasma and renal tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was examined by Northern blot.Plasma and renal tissue angiotensin II levels were significantly elevated in CsA treated rats when compared to that in vehicle rats ((190+/-36)ng/L vs. (492+/-92)ng/L, (29.8+/-6.0)ng/g vs. (8.7+/-1.7) ng/g, P0.001). Enalapril reduced angiotensin II levels significantly (both P0.05). The expression of AT1R mRNA was down-regulated by CsA, this down-regulation was reversed by enalapril. CsA treated animals showed marked tubulointerstitial fibrosis, enalapril lessened the tubulointerstitial fibrosis significantly (P0.05). Verapamil did not improve tubulointerstitial fibrosis significantly (P0.05).RAS activation plays an important part in CsA nephropathy. Blockade of RAS may retard the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by CsA.

To investigate the gene expression and antitumor effect following im electroporation delivery of human interferon alpha 2 (hIFN-alpha 2) gene.The pcD2/hIFN-alpha 2 was injected into the middle of the quadriceps muscle of female BALB/c mice or the leukemia-bearing female BALB/c nude mice, and then electroporation was given to the injection site. Optimal electrical parameters and the efficiency of gene transfer was studied with hIFN-alpha 2 ELISA kit. The HL-60 tumor model in BALB/c nude mice was used to investigate therapeutic effects of im electroporation delivery of pcD2/hIFN-alpha 2.The optimal conditions for the electric pulses were as follows: voltage at 200 V/cm; pulse duration at 40 ms per pulse; number of pulse at 6 pulses and frequency at 1 Hz. Under optimal conditions, the serum hIFN-alpha 2 levels in electroporation group (160 microg/L+/-31 microg/L) were 45-fold higher than those of nonelectroporation group (3.6 microg/L+/-1.6 microg/L, P0.01). The growth of leukemia was inhibited more obviously and the survival time of the leukemia-bearing nude mice was prolonged after im electroporation delivery of pcD2/hIFN-alpha 2 100 microg or 200 microg.Electroporation was an efficient method for the delivery of plasmid DNA and im electroporation delivery of pcD2/hIFN-alpha 2 was effective in treating leukemia.

To prevent and manage frequent complications after endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).The data of 71 cases of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treated by endovascular repair were analysed retrospectively. The reasons, managements, results and prognosis of frequent complications were investigated.Seventy-one cases of infrarenal AAA were treated by endovascular repair with 100% success rate. There was no surgical conversion to open aneurysm repair. There were 8 cases of primary endoleak, 1 case of nervous complication and acute thrombosis. An average follow-up period was 26 +/- 5 months. Three persistent endoleaks and 4 secondary endoleaks were found during the follow-up period. The endoleak rate was 9.8% (7/71) within 1 month postoperatively and mortality rate was 1.3% (1/71). Total mortality rate was 4.2% (3/71). Two patients died from acute myocardial infarction and one from acute heart failure.Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm is technically feasible and can effectively exclude aortic aneurysms from the circulation. Endoleak is a chief complication after endovascular repair of infrarenal AAA.Additional procedures and follow up are very important. Endoleak with enlarged aneurysm should be treated actively.

To study the changes and actions of neuronal constructive nitric oxide synthase(ncNOS) in heroin drug abuse.The expression of ncNOS and ncNOS mRNA in neurons of cerebral cortex, periaqueductal gray matter and the ventral tegmental area was observed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and image analysis technique after heroin dependence and spontaneous withdrawal in rats.The quantity of ncNOS and ncNOS mRNA rised clearly and the number of ncNOS and ncNOS mRNA positive cells increased greatly in heroin dependence and withdrawal. The changes of ncNOS and ncNOS mRNA in spontaneous withdrawal were more clear than ones of dependence. Heroin dependence and withdrawal led to alterations in ncNOS and ncNOS mRNA expression in important regions implicated in the physical tolerance and dependence.The ncNOS plays an important role in heroin dependence and withdrawal. The ncNOS immunohistochemical changes observed in the present study might be useful for the forensic pathological diagnosis of heroin drug abuse.

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) mature protein was stably expressed in transgenic tobacco plants under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and TMV Omega fragment. Fusion of the PR1b signal peptide coding sequence to the CTB mature protein gene increased the expression level by 24-fold. The tobacco-synthesized CTB (tCTB) was purified to homogeneity by a single step of immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified tCTB is predominantly in the form of pentamers with molecular weight identical to the native pentameric CTB, indicating that the PR1b-CTB fusion protein has been properly processed in tobacco cells. Furthermore, by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, we have shown that the antigenicity of the purified tCTB is indistinguishable from that of the native CTB protein.

This report describes 2 cases died from acute compartment syndrome after surgical treatment. Case 1 was a 30-year-old man suffered from upper arm fracture, who complicated with the acute compartment syndrome at the following day after surgical fixation, and died 6 days later. Case 2 was a 9-year-old woman sustained medial malleolus sprain, who experienced plaster cast immobilization and died 7 days after management. At autopsy, swollen and necrotized skeletal muscles with edema were detected in the involved region in both cases. Histopathologically, hemorrhage and infiltration of neutrophils were observed in the skeletal muscles. Intensive positive immunoreactivity of myoglobin was detected in granular casts in distal convoluted tubules by immunohistochemical staining. Marked elevation in serum urea nitrogen uric acid, creatinine and C-reactive protein levels was demonstrated by serological tests. The pathological findings and postmortem biochemical measurements indicated that both victims died due to myoglobinuric renal failure.

In the molecule of the title compound, C12H16N2O4, an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a six-membered ring having an envelope conformation. In the crystal structure, a bifurcated intra/intermolecular N—H...(O,O) hydrogen bond generates inversion dimers.