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23,112 results on '"Giroux"'

351. Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Cholinesterase and Serine Lipase Activities and Lipid Metabolism in Brains of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Author

Greer, Justin, Magnuson, Jason, Hester, Kirstin, Giroux, Marissa, Pope, Carey, Anderson, Timothy, Liu, Jing, Dang, Viet, Denslow, Nancy, and Schlenk, Daniel

Subjects
lipidomics, neurotoxicology, organophosphate, pesticide
Abstract

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide that elicits acute toxicity through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to acetylcholine accumulation and prolonged stimulation of cholinergic receptors throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Previous studies have indicated that neurodevelopment may also be impaired through alternative pathways, including reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-catalyzed downstream events. The upstream initiating events that underlie noncholinergic neurological actions of chlorpyrifos and other organophosphorus compounds remain unclear. To investigate the potential role of fatty acid signaling disruption as a mechanism of toxicity, lipid metabolism and fatty acid profiles were examined to identify alterations that may play a critical role in upstream signaling in the central nervous system (CNS). Juvenile rainbow trout were treated for 7 days with nominal chlorpyrifos concentrations previously reported to diminish olfactory responses (10, 20, and 40 μg/l). Although lethality was noted higher in doses, measured chlorpyrifos concentrations of 1.38 μg/l (nominal concentration 10 μg/l) significantly reduced the activity of AChE and two serine lipases, monoacylglycerol lipase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase in the brain. Reductions in lysophosphatidylethanolamines (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 22:6) derived from the phosphatidylethanolamines and free fatty acids (palmitic acid 16:0, linolenic acid 18:3, eicosadienoic acid 20:2, arachidonic acid 20:4, and docosahexaenoic acid 22:6) were also noted, suggesting that chlorpyrifos inhibited the metabolism of select phospholipid signaling precursors at sublethal concentrations. These results indicate that in addition to AChE inhibition, environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos exposure alters serine lipase activity and lipid metabolites in the trout brain, which may compromise neuronal signaling and impact neurobehavioral responses in aquatic animals.

Published
2019

353. A farnesyltransferase inhibitor activates lysosomes and reduces tau pathology in mice with tauopathy

Author

Hernandez, Israel, Luna, Gabriel, Rauch, Jennifer N, Reis, Surya A, Giroux, Michel, Karch, Celeste M, Boctor, Daniel, Sibih, Youssef E, Storm, Nadia J, Diaz, Antonio, Kaushik, Susmita, Zekanowski, Cezary, Kang, Alexander A, Hinman, Cassidy R, Cerovac, Vesna, Guzman, Elmer, Zhou, Honjun, Haggarty, Stephen J, Goate, Alison M, Fisher, Steven K, Cuervo, Ana M, and Kosik, Kenneth S

Subjects
Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Rare Diseases, Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Disorders, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Aging, Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Aetiology, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Animals, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Enzyme Inhibitors, Farnesyltranstransferase, Female, GTP-Binding Proteins, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Lysosomes, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Mutation, Neurons, Piperidines, Proteolysis, Pyridines, RNA, Small Interfering, Tauopathies, Translational Research, Biomedical, tau Proteins, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Tau inclusions are a shared feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, among them frontotemporal dementia caused by tau mutations. Treatment approaches for these conditions include targeting posttranslational modifications of tau proteins, maintaining a steady-state amount of tau, and preventing its tendency to aggregate. We discovered a new regulatory pathway for tau degradation that operates through the farnesylated protein, Rhes, a GTPase in the Ras family. Here, we show that treatment with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib reduced Rhes and decreased brain atrophy, tau inclusions, tau sumoylation, and tau ubiquitination in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. In addition, lonafarnib treatment attenuated behavioral abnormalities in rTg4510 mice and reduced microgliosis in mouse brain. Direct reduction of Rhes in the rTg4510 mouse by siRNA reproduced the results observed with lonafarnib treatment. The mechanism of lonafarnib action mediated by Rhes to reduce tau pathology was shown to operate through activation of lysosomes. We finally showed in mouse brain and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons a normal developmental increase in Rhes that was initially suppressed by tau mutations. The known safety of lonafarnib revealed in human clinical trials for cancer suggests that this drug could be repurposed for treating tauopathies.

Published
2019

357. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in hospitalized children in Canada: A national prospective study from March 2020–May 2021

Author

Farrar, Daniel S., Drouin, Olivier, Moore Hepburn, Charlotte, Baerg, Krista, Chan, Kevin, Cyr, Claude, Donner, Elizabeth J., Embree, Joanne E., Farrell, Catherine, Forgie, Sarah, Giroux, Ryan, Kang, Kristopher T., King, Melanie, Laffin Thibodeau, Melanie, Orkin, Julia, Ouldali, Naïm, Papenburg, Jesse, Pound, Catherine M., Price, Victoria E., Proulx-Gauthier, Jean-Philippe, Purewal, Rupeena, Ricci, Christina, Sadarangani, Manish, Salvadori, Marina I., Thibeault, Roseline, Top, Karina A., Viel-Thériault, Isabelle, Kakkar, Fatima, and Morris, Shaun K.

Published
2022
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364. Penn State equation versus indirect calorimetry for nutritional assessment in patients with traumatic brain injury

Author

Wu, Sonia, Iqbal, Sameena, Giroux, Melanie, Alam, Norine, Campisi, Josie, Razek, Tarek, Deckelbaum, Dan, Grushka, Jeremy, Mckendy, Katherine, Wong, Evan, Marcoux, Judith, and Khwaja, Kosar A.

Subjects
Nutrition -- Product/Service Evaluations, Practice guidelines (Medicine) -- Evaluation, Brain -- Injuries, Health, Health care industry
Abstract

Background: Nutritional assessment can be challenging in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and indirect calorimetry may be a more suitable method than predictive equations. We compared the Penn State equation versus the gold standard of indirect calorimetry for the nutritional assessment of patients with TBI, and quantified the difference between nutritional requirements and actual patient intake. Methods: This single-centre, prospective cohort study included patients with moderate (Glasgow Coma Scale score 9-12) and severe (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-8) TBI admitted to the Montreal General Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) between June 2018 and March 2019. Penn State equation estimates and indirect calorimetry measurements were collected, and actual intake was drawn from medical records. We compared the 2 assessment methods using a Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Twenty-three patients with TBI (moderate in 7 and severe in 16) were included in the study. Overall, there was a moderate positive correlation between the Penn State equation estimate and indirect calorimetry readings (correlation coefficient 0.457, p = 0.03); however, the correlation was weaker in severe TBI (correlation coefficient 0.174, p = 0.5) than in moderate TBI (correlation coefficient 0.929, p = 0.003). When compared to indirect calorimetry assessment, patients received 5.4% (p = 0.5) of required intake on the first day and 43.9% (p = 0.8) of required daily intake throughout their ICU stay. Conclusion: Patients with moderate or severe TBI in the ICU received less than 50% of their nutritional requirements. The difference between the Penn State equation and indirect calorimetry assessments was most noticeable for patients with severe TBI, which indicates that indirect calorimetry may be a more suitable tool for assessment of nutritional needs in this population. Contexte : L'évaluation nutritionnelle peut être compliquée chez les patients qui ont subi un traumatisme crânien (TC), et dans ce contexte, la méthode appelée calorimétrie indirecte pourrait être mieux adaptée que les équations prédictives. Nous avons comparé l'équation de Penn State à la norme en matière de calorimétrie indirecte pour l'évaluation nutritionnelle de patients victimes d'un TC, et calculé la différence entre les besoins nutritionnels des patients et leur apport nutritionnel réel. Méthodes : Cette étude de cohorte prospective menée dans un seul centre a inclus des patients présentant des TC modérés (score de 9-12 à l'échelle de Glasgow) et graves (score de 3-8 à l'échelle de Glasgow) admis à l'unité des soins intensifs (USI) de l'Hôpital général de Montréal entre juin 2018 et mars 2019. Les estimations de Penn State et les mesures de calorimétrie indirecte ont été recueillies et les apports réels ont été tirés des dossiers médicaux. Nous avons comparé les 2 méthodes d'évaluation au moyen du coefficient de corrélation de Spearman. Résultats : Vingt-trois patients victimes de TC (7 cas modérés et 16 cas graves) ont été inclus dans l'étude. Dans l'ensemble, on a noté une corrélation positive modérée entre les estimations fournies par l'équation de Penn State et les lectures de calorimétrie indirecte (coefficient de corrélation 0,457, p = 0,03); toutefois, la corrélation était plus faible dans les cas de TC graves (coefficient de corrélation 0,174, p = 0,5) que dans les cas modérés (coefficient de corrélation 0,929, p = 0,003). Comparativement aux évaluations de calorimétrie indirecte, les patients ont reçu 5.4% (p = 0,5) de l'apport requis le premier jour, et 43,9% (p = 0,8) de l'apport quotidien requis pendant le reste de leur séjour à l'USI. Conclusion : Les patients victimes de TC modérés ou graves hospitalisés à l'USI ont reçu moins de 50% de l'apport nutritionnel recommandé. La différence entre l'équation de Penn State et les évaluations de calorimétrie indirecte était plus manifeste chez les patients victimes de TC graves, ce qui indique que la calorimétrie indirecte pourrait mieux convenir à l'évaluation des besoins nutritionnels chez cette population., Avast amount of resources are used by patients who are admitted in the intensive care setting, particularly those with a high acuity of illness. Along with continuous monitoring, regular imaging [...]

Published
2022
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365. Exploring recruitment dynamics of sugar maple and yellow birch saplings into merchantable stems following harvesting in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick, Canada

Author

Noel, Alex, Comeau, Jules, Adlouni, Salah-Eddine El, Pelletier, Gaetan, and Giroux, Marie-Andree

Subjects
New Brunswick -- Environmental aspects, Birch -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects, Stems (Botany) -- Physiological aspects, Sugar-maple -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects, Seedlings -- Physiological aspects -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

The recruitment of saplings in forest stands into merchantable stems is a very complex process, thus making it challenging to understand and predict. The dynamics of recruitment in the Acadian Forest Region of New Brunswick are not well known or well documented. Our objective was to garner information from existing large-scale routine forest inventories regarding the different dynamics behind the recruitment from the sapling layer into the commercial tree size layer. We focused on the density and occurrence of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) following harvesting, by looking at many factors on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales using models. The results suggest that the variation in density and probability of occurrence is best explained by the intensity of silvicultural treatment, by the merchantable stem density in each plot, and by the proportion of merchantable basal area of each group of species. The number of recruits of sugar maple and yellow birch stems tend be higher when time since last treatment increases, when mid to low levels of silvicultural treatment intensity were implemented, and within plots having intermediate levels of merchantable stem density. Lastly, our modeling efforts suggest that the probability of occurrence and density of recruitment of both species tend to increase while its share of merchantable basal area increases. Key words: tolerant hardwoods, generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), Acadian forest, recruitment modeling, zero-inflated. Le passage de gaules a tiges marchandes dans les peuplements forestiers est un processus tres complexe qui le rend difficile a comprendre et a prevoir. La dynamique du recrutement dans la region forestiere acadienne du Nouveau-Brunswick n'est pas bien connue ni documentee. Notre objectif etait de tirer des renseignements a partir des inventaires forestiers a grande echelle realises de facon routiniere en ce qui concerne la dynamique de passage des gaules a arbres de dimension commerciale. Nous nous interessons particulierement a la densite et l'occurrence du recrutement d'erables a sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) et de bouleaux jaunes (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) apres la coupe en examinant de nombreux facteurs sur une large gamme d'echelles spatiales et temporelles a l'aide de modeles. Les resultats des meilleurs modeles indiquent que la densite et la probabilite d'occurrence sont reliees a l'intensite du traitement sylvicole, a la densite des tiges marchandes dans chaque parcelle et a la proportion de la surface terriere marchande occupee par chaque groupe d'especes. Le nombre de recrues d'erable a sucre et de bouleau jaune a tendance a etre plus eleve lorsque le temps ecoule depuis le dernier traitement augmente, lorsque les traitements sylvicoles sont d'intensite faible a moyenne, et dans les parcelles ayant un niveau intermediaire de densite de tiges marchandes. Finalement, nos efforts de modelisation indiquent que la probabilite d'occurrence et la densite de recrutement des deux especes ont tendance a augmenter lorsque leur proportion de la surface terriere marchande augmente. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : feuillus tolerants a l'ombre, modele lineaire mixte generalise (GLMM), foret acadienne, modelisation du recrutement, exces de zeros., 1. Introduction Forests are continuously evolving dynamic biological systems that are influenced by a multitude of environmental, ecological, and silvicultural factors (Messier et al. 2019). A key concept at the [...]

Published
2022
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366. Rethinking Neoliberal Fascism, Racist Violence, and the Plague of Inequality

Author

Giroux, Henry A.

Abstract

After decades of a savage global capitalist nightmare both in the United States and around the globe, the mobilizing passions of fascism have been unleashed unlike anything we have seen since the 1930s. The denial of the most basic elements of neoliberal fascism appears more difficult in the age of mass pandemics. Neoliberal violence now takes place under the assumption that it has escaped all control. How else to explain the collapse of public health systems underfunded for years as a result of neoliberal rule; the language of hate and violence aimed at people of color, especially under the former Trump administration; and the staggering increase in inequality in American society and its shameless counterpoint in massive increases in wealth among the ruling financial elite in an era of growing unemployment, and humans suffering in the age of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immediate solutions such as defunding the police and improving community services are important, but they do not deal with the larger issue of eliminating a market-driven economic system structured in massive racial and economic inequalities. The renowned educator David Harvey is right in arguing that the "immediate task is nothing more nor less than the self-conscious construction of a new political framework for approaching the question of inequality [and racism], through a deep and profound critique of our economic and social system" (Harvey, 2020). This is a crisis in which different threads of oppression must be understood as part of the general crisis of capitalism. The various protests now evolving internationally at the popular level offer the promise of new global movements for the struggle for popular sovereignty and economic, racial, and social justice. Central to this struggle is the challenge of destroying the neoliberal global order. In the current moment, democracy may be under severe threat and appear frighteningly vulnerable, but with young people and others engaged in uprisings across the globe--inspired, energized, and marching in the streets--the future of a radical democracy is waiting to breathe again.

Published
2021
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371. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Analysis of Resection Margin Status and Proposals for Residual Tumor Descriptors for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author

Asamura, Hisao, Rusch, Valerie, Rami-Porta, Ramón, Araujo, Luiz Henrique, Beer, David, Bertoglio, Pietro, Beyruti, Ricardo, Bille, Andrea, Bolejack, Vanessa, Boubia, Souheil, Brambilla, Elisabeth, Brierley, James D., Cangir, A.K., Carbone, David, Chansky, Kari, Crowley, John, Darling, Gail, Detterbeck, Frank, D’Journo, Xavier Benoit, Donnington, Jessica, Eberhardt, Wilfried, Edwards, John, Erasmus, Jeremy, Falkson, Conrad, Fang, Wentao, Fennell, Dean, Fong, Kwun, Galateau-Salle, Françoise, Gautschi, Oliver, Gill, Ritu, Giroux, Dorothy, Giuliani, Meredith, Goo, Jin Mo, Hasegawa, Seiki, Hirsch, Fred, Hoffman, Hans, Hofstetter, Wayne, Huang, James, Joubert, Philippe, Kernstine, Kemp, Kerr, Keith, Kim, Young Tae, Kim, Hong Kwan, Kindler, Hedy, Lievens, Yolande, Liu, Hui, Low, Donald E., Lyons, Gustavo, MacMahon, Heber, Marino, Mirella, Marom, Edith, Matilla, José-María, van Meerbeeck, Jan, Montuenga, Luis M., Nicholson, Andrew, Nishimura, Katie, Nowak, Anna, Opitz, Isabelle, Okumura, Meinoshin, Osarogiagbon, Raymond U., Pass, Harvey, de Perrot, Marc, Prosch, Helmut, Rice, David, Rimner, Andreas, Ruffini, Enrico, Sakai, Shuji, Van Schil, Paul, Singh, Navneet, Stoll-D’Astice, Amy, Su´rez, Francisco, Terra, Ricardo M., Travis, William D., Tsao, Ming S., Ugalde, Paula, Waller, David, Watanabe, Shun-ichi, Wiens, Jacinta, Wistuba, Ignacio, Yatabe, Yasushi, Jiang, Liyan, Kubota, Kaoru, Turna, Akif, Weksler, Benny, Tzukazan, Maria Teresa, Tammemägi, Martin, Powell, Charles, Naidich, David, Liu, Hongxu, Armato, Samuel, Brunelli, Alex, Cardillo, Giuseppe, David, Elizabeth, Fournier, Brigitte, Krasnik, Mark, Kubota, Kauro, Labbe, Catherine, Lim, Eric, Putora, Paul Martin, Rocco, Gaetano, Filosso, Pier Luigi, Kondo, Kazuya, Kim, Dong Kwan, Giaccone, Giuseppe, Lucchi, Marco, Infante, Maurizio, Rice, Thomas, Ferguson, Mark, Adsusmilli, Prasad, Travis, William, Suárez, Francisco, Kubota, Kaura, Shun-ichi, Watanabe, Hisao Asamura, Nicholson, Andrew G., Ramón, Rami-Porta, Edith Marom, Tsao, Ming, Shun-ichi, Watanabe, Ming Tsao, Guiliani, Meredith, Brierley, James, Terra, Ricardo, Osarogiagbon, Ray, Montuenga, Luis, Wang, Hongwei, Nakajima, Jun, Galateau, Françoise, Ostrowski, Marcin, Goo, Jim Mo, Travis, Bill, Matilla, Jose Maria, St. Pierre, Carolle, Tzukazan, Ma Teresa, Girard, Nicholas, Rimmer, Andreas, Galateau, Francoise, Adusumilli, Prasad, D’Journo, Xavier, Low, Donald, Rosenthal, Adam, Edwards, John G., Donington, Jessica, Galateau-Sallé, Françoise, Hoffmann, Hans, Marom, Edith M., Tsao, Ming-Sound, Giroux, Dorothy J., Shemanski, Lynn, and Krasnik, Marc

Published
2020
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373. Lack of the human choline transporter‐like protein SLC44A2 causes hearing impairment and a rare red blood phenotype

Author

Koehl, Bérengère, Vrignaud, Cédric, Mikdar, Mahmoud, Nair, Thankam S, Yang, Lucy, Landry, Seyve, Laiguillon, Guy, Giroux‐Lathuile, Claudine, Anselme‐Martin, Sophie, El Kenz, Hanane, Hermine, Olivier, Mohandas, Narla, Cartron, Jean Pierre, Colin, Yves, Detante, Olivier, Marlu, Raphaël, Le Van Kim, Caroline, Carey, Thomas E, Azouzi, Slim, and Peyrard, Thierry

Published
2023
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375. Artificial Intelligence for the Electron Ion Collider (AI4EIC).

Author

C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, Marco Battaglieri, J. C. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, Thomas Britton, Anja Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, Evaristo Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. T. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, Markus Diefenthaler, R. Ent, Cristiano Fanelli, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., E. Fol, S. Furletov, Yuan Gao, James Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, R. Harish, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, Roger José Hernández-Pinto, Astrid N. Hiller Blin, Tanja Horn, J. Huang, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, Piyush Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, M. Lin, Frank Liu 0001, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, Matthew McEneaney, Diana McSpadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, Vinicius Mikuni, R. Montgomery, Benjamin Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, Gabriel N. Perdue, W. Phelps, Martin L. Purschke, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, David Francisco Rentería-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, Nobuo Sato, T. Satogata, German Sborlini, Malachi Schram, David Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, Andrzej Siódmok, P. Stone, J. Stevens, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Fernando Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, Anselm Vossen, Eric Walter, Daniel Whiteson, Michael Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, and P. Zurita

Published
2023
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379. Introduction

Author

Giroux, Dalie, primary, Deslandes, Charles, additional, and Jaclin, David, additional

Published
2022
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382. Patient-derived micro-organospheres enable clinical precision oncology

Author

Ding, Shengli, Hsu, Carolyn, Wang, Zhaohui, Natesh, Naveen R., Millen, Rosemary, Negrete, Marcos, Giroux, Nicholas, Rivera, Grecia O., Dohlman, Anders, Bose, Shree, Rotstein, Tomer, Spiller, Kassandra, Yeung, Athena, Sun, Zhiguo, Jiang, Chongming, Xi, Rui, Wilkin, Benjamin, Randon, Peggy M., Williamson, Ian, Nelson, Daniel A., Delubac, Daniel, Oh, Sehwa, Rupprecht, Gabrielle, Isaacs, James, Jia, Jingquan, Chen, Chao, Shen, John Paul, Kopetz, Scott, McCall, Shannon, Smith, Amber, Gjorevski, Nikolche, Walz, Antje-Christine, Antonia, Scott, Marrer-Berger, Estelle, Clevers, Hans, Hsu, David, and Shen, Xiling

Published
2022
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383. Hyper inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in children: A national post-authorization pharmacovigilance study

Author

Donzeau, Aurelie, El Aridi, Layal, Lety, Sophie, Leboucher, Bertrand, Baur, Agnes, Jeusset, Lucas, Selegny, Maelle, Fedorczuk, Cristian, Lajus, Marion, Bensaid, Philippe, Laoudi, Yacine, Pons, Charlotte, Robert, Anne-Cécile, Beaucourt, Camille, De Pontual, Loïc, Richard, Muriel, Goisque, Etienne, Iriart, Xavier, Brissaud, Olivier, Segretin, Pierre, Molimard, Julie, Orecel, Marie-Clothilde, Benoit, Gregoire, Bongiovanni, Lucille, Guerder, Margaux, Pouyau, Robin, De Guillebon De Resnes, Jean-Marie, Mezgueldi, Ellia, Cour-Andlauer, Fleur, Horvat, Come, Poinsot, Pierre, Frachette, Cecile, Ouziel, Antoine, Gillet, Yves, Barrey, Catherine, Brouard, Jacques, Villedieu, Florence, Ro, Vathanaksambath, Elanga, Narcisse, Gajdos, Vincent, Basmaci, Romain, Mutar, Hadile, Rouget, Sébastien, Nattes, Elodie, Hau, Isabelle, Biscardi, Sandra, El Jurdi, Houmam, Jung, Camille, Semama, Denis, Huet, Frederic, Zoccarato, Anne-Marie, Sarakbi, Mayssa, Mortamet, Guillaume, Bost-Bru, Cécile, Bassil, Joachim, Vinit, Caroline, Hentgen, Véronique, Leroux, Pascal, Bertrand, Valérie, Parrod, Caroline, Craiu, Irina, Kone-Paut, Isabelle, Durand, Philippe, Tissiere, Pierre, Claude, Caroline, Morelle, Guillaume, Guiddir, Tamazoust, Borocco, Charlotte, Delion, Frédérique, Guillot, Camille, Leteurtre, Stéphane, Dubos, François, Jouancastay, Mylene, Martinot, Alain, Voeusler, Valentine, Languepin, Jeanne, Garrec, Nathalie, Demersay, Arnaud Chalvon, Morand, Aurélie, Bosdure, Emmanuelle, Vanel, Noémie, Ughetto, Fabrice, Michel, Fabrice, Caujolle, Marie, Blonde, Renaud, Nguyen, Jacqueline, Vignaud, Olivier, Masserot-Lureau, Caroline, Gouraud, François, Araujo, Carine, Ingrao, Tara, Naji, Sanaa, Sehaba, Mohammed, Roche, Christine, Carbasse, Aurelia, Milesi, Christophe, Mazeghrane, Mustapha, Haupt, Sandrine, Schweitzer, Cyril, Romefort, Benedicte, Launay, Elise, Guen, Christèle Gras-Le, Ali, Ahmed, Blot, Nathalie, Tran, Antoine, Rancurel, Anne, Afanetti, Mickael, Odorico, Sophie, Talmud, Deborah, Chosidow, Anais, Romain, Anne-Sophie, Grimprel, Emmanuel, Pouletty, Marie, Gaschignard, Jean, Corseri, Olivier, Faye, Albert, Melki, Isabelle, Ducrocq, Camille, Benzoïd, Cherine, Lokmer, Johanna, Dauger, Stéphane, Chomton, Maryline, Deho, Anna, Lebourgeois, Fleur, Renolleau, Sylvain, Lesage, Fabrice, Moulin, Florence, Dupic, Laurent, Pinhas, Yael, Debray, Agathe, Chalumeau, Martin, Abadie, Véronique, Frange, Pierre, Cohen, Jeremie F, Allali, Slimane, Curtis, William, Belhadjer, Zahra, Auriau, Johanne, Méot, Mathilde, Houyel, Lucile, Bonnet, Damien, Delacourt, Christophe, Bader Meunier, Brigitte, Quartier, Pierre, Shaim, Youssef, Baril, Laurence, Crommelynck, Samuel, Jacquot, Baptiste, Blanc, Philippe, Maledon, Natacha, Robert, Blandine, Loeile, Camille, Cazau, Clémence, Loron, Gauthier, Gaga, Simona, Vittot, Cécile, El Nabhani, Loubna, Buisson, François, Prudent, Muriel, Flodrops, Hugues, Mokraoui, Fadhila, Escoda, Simon, Deschamps, Nina, Bonnemains, Laurent, Mahi, Sarah-Louisa, Mertes, Clara, Terzic, Joelle, Helms, Julie, Idier, Charlotte, Chenichene, Soraya, Magdolena Ursulescu, Nicoleta, Beaujour, Gladys, Hakim, Abdelhak, Miquel, Alice, Rey, Agnès, Wiedermann, Arnaud, Charbonneau, Anne, Veauvy-Juven, Agnès, Ferry, Alexandrine, Mandelcwajg, Alexis, Rousseau, Alix, Prenant, Amandine, Bourneuf, Anne-Laure, Filleron, Anne, Robine, Audrey, Félix, Arthur, Parizel, Aude, Labarre, Aurélie, Cantais, Aymeric, Ros, Barbara, Coulon, Basile, Biot, Blandine, Dalichoux, Bérengère, Fournier, Benjamin, Cagnard, Benoit, Vanel, Blandine, Brossier, David, Ménager, Bruno, Ozanne, Bruno, Marie-Jeanne, Carole, Bergerot, Camille, Chavy, Camille, Guidon, Camille, Fabre, Candice, Galeotti, Caroline, Baker, Catherine, Ballot-Schmit, Claire, Belleau, Céline, Charasse, Céline, Favel, Caroline, Toumi, Chadia, Ferrandiz, Charlène, Couturier, Charlotte, Pouchoux, Charlotte, Chomton-Cailliez, Maryline, Kevorkian-Verguet, Charlotte, Brunet, Clément, Manteau, Céline, Mougey, Clémence, Santy, Coline, Fitament, Coralie, Petriat, Charlotte, Rebelle, Charlotte, Charron, Cyril, Dartus, Maxime, Toulorge, David, Guillou-Debuisson, Cécile, Bartebin, Dorann, Klein, Valérie, Broustal, E, Desselas, E, Marteau, Elodie, Bouvrot, Emmanuelle, Delacroix, Elise, Coinde, Edeline, Elnabhani, Loubna, Amouyal, Elsa, Chaillou, Emilie, Gabilly-Bernard, Emeline, Ruiz, Emilie, Thibault, Emilie, Robin, Emilie, Darrieux, Etienne, Blondel, Eva, Socchi, Floriane, Cazassus, François, Bajolle, Fanny, Lacin, Fatma, Madhi, Fouad, Zekre, Franck, Guerin, François, Boussicault, Gerald, Ginies, Henri, Magloire, Gnansounou, Arnold, Guilhem, Coulognon, Ines, Sicard-Cras, Iona, Kahn, Jean-Emmanuel, Bordet, Jeanne, Fausser, Jeanne-Lise, Baleine, Jean-François, Brice, Josephine, Gendras, Julie, Pekin, Kaan, Norbert, Karine, Karsenty, Clément, Savary, Léa, Martinat, Laurence, Lesniewski, Léa, Charbonnier, Lorelei, Alexandre, Louise, Percheron, Lucas, Vincenti, Marie, Lanzini, Manon, Grisval, Margot, Mercy, Marianne, Lampin, Marie-Emilie, Desgranges, Marie, Duperril, Marie, Orcel, Marie-Clothilde, Audier, Marion, Favier, Marion, Carpentier, Mathieu, Balcean, Mathilde, Bonnet, Mathilde, Jouret, Maurine, Delattre, Marie, Levy, Michael, Valensi, Michael, Shum, Mickael, Dumortier, Morgane, Gelin, Morgane, Nemmouchi, Morgane, Williaume, Morgane, Sebaha, M, Genetay-Stanescu, Nicoleta, Giroux, Nathan, Crassard, Nicolas, Derridj, Neil, Lachaume, Noemie, Werner, Oscar, Guilluy, Olivier, Richer, Olivier, Tirel, Olivier, Pauvert, Aurianne, Casha, Paul, Perez, Noémie, Gras, Pauline, Leger, Pierre-Louis, Pinchou, Marion, Mornand, Pierre, Largo, Prisca, Ibanez, Ramona-Christina, Roulland, Charlotte, Hadah Albarazi, Salam, Bichali, Said, Faton, Sarah, Schott, Amandine, Walser, Sébastien, Guillaume, Severine, Vincent, Solene, Galene-Gromez, Sophie, Kozisek, Stanislas, Maugard, Thierry, Blanc, Thierry, Navarro, Thierry, Lauvray, Thomas, Kovacs, Tamas, Launay, Valérie, Despert, Véronique, Lhostis, Victoria, Gall, Virginie, Micaelli, Xavier, Benadjaoud, Yasmine, Matoussi, Zied, Géniaux, Hélène, Facile, Anthony, Pietri, Tessa, Palassin, Pascale, Pinel, Sylvine, Chouchana, Laurent, Callot, Delphine, Boulay, Charlène, Ouldali, Naïm, Bagheri, Haleh, Salvo, Francesco, Antona, Denise, Pariente, Antoine, Leblanc, Claire, Tebacher, Martine, Micallef, Joëlle, Levy, Corinne, Cohen, Robert, Javouhey, Etienne, Bader-Meunier, Brigitte, Ovaert, Caroline, Hentgen, Veronique, Guen, Christelle Gras-Le, Angoulvant, François, and Belot, Alexandre

Published
2022
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384. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Thymic Epithelial Tumor Staging Project: Unresolved Issues to be Addressed for the Next Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors

Author

Asamura, Hisao, Rusch, Valerie, Rami-Porta, Ramon, Araujo, Luiz Henrique, Beer, David, Bertoglio, Pietro, Beyruti, Ricardo, Bille, Andrea, Boubia, Souheil, Brambilla, Elisabeth, Cangir, A.K., Cilento, Vanessa, Connolly, Casey, Darling, Gail, Detterbeck, Frank, Dibaba, Daniel, D’ Journo, Xavier Benoit, Eberhardt, Wilfried, Erasmus, Jeremy, Fang, Wentao, Fennell, Dean, Fong, Kwun, Galateau-Salle, Françoise, Gill, Ritu R., Giroux, Dorothy, Giuliani, Meredith, Goo, Jin Mo, Hirsch, Fred, Hoffman, Hans, Hofstetter, Wayne, Huang, James, Joubert, Philippe, Kernstine, Kemp, Kerr, Keith, Kim, Young Tae, Kim, Dong Kwan, Lievens, Yolande, Liu, Hui, Low, Donald E., Lyons, Gustavo, MacMahon, Heber, Marino, Mirella, Marom, Edith M., Matilla, José-María, Meerbeeck, Jan van, Montuenga, Luis M., Nicholson, Andrew, Nishimura, Katie, Nowak, Anna, Opitz, Isabelle, Okumura, Meinoshin, Osarogiagbon, Raymond U., Pass, Harvey, de Perrot, Marc, Rice, David, Rosenthal, Adam, Ruffini, Enrico, Sakai, Shuji, Van Schil, Paul, Singh, Navneet, Suárez, Francisco, Terra, Ricardo M., Travis, William D., Tsao, Ming S., Ugalde, Paula, Watanabe, Shun-Ichi, Wistuba, Ignacio, Wynes, Murry, Yatabe, Yasushi, Appel, Sarit, Armato, Samuel, Berzenji, Lawek, Brunelli, Alex, Cardillo, Giuseppe, Chen, Keneng, Cooper, Wendy, Filosso, Pier Luigi, Jiang, Liyan, Krasnik, Mark, Kubota, Kauro, Labbe, Catherine, Lee, Ho Yun, Lim, Eric, Liu, Geoffrey, Liu, Hongxu, Mack, Philip, Naidich, David, Nishino, Mizuki, Ostrowski, Marcin, Powell, Charles, Presley, Carolyn, Putora, Paul Martin, Ren, Harry, Rivera, M. Patricia, Rocco, Gaetano, Ruiz Tzukazan, Maria Teresa, Samstein, Robert, Soon, Yu Yang, Suda, Kenichi, Tammemägi, Martin, Turna, Akif, Weksler, Benny, Williams, Terence, Yang, Dawei, Yang, Jeff, Yotsukura, Masaya, Ahmad, Usman, Brambilla, Cecilia, Falkson, Conrad B., Giaccone, Giuseppe, Guerrera, Francesco, Infante, Maurizio, Lucchi, Marco, Simone, Charles B., II, Ferguson, Mark, Sauter, Jennifer, Wolf, Andrea, Falkson, Conrad, Filosso, Pier Liugi, Girard, Nicolas, Kim, Hong Kwan, Rimner, Andreas, Kim, Hong Kwuan, Cangir, Ayten Kayi, and Nicholson, Andrew G.

Published
2022
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390. Centers for Mendelian Genomics: A decade of facilitating gene discovery

Author

Adams, Marcia, Aguet, François, Akay, Gulsen, Anderson, Peter, Antonescu, Corina, Arachchi, Harindra M., Atik, Mehmed M., Austin-Tse, Christina A., Babb, Larry, Bacus, Tamara J., Bahrambeigi, Vahid, Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Bayram, Yavuz, Beaudet, Arthur L., Beck, Christine R., Belmont, John W., Below, Jennifer E., Bilguvar, Kaya, Boehm, Corinne D., Boerwinkle, Eric, Boone, Philip M., Bowne, Sara J., Brand, Harrison, Buckingham, Kati J., Byrne, Alicia B., Calame, Daniel, Campbell, Ian M., Cao, Xiaolong, Carvalho, Claudia, Chander, Varuna, Chang, Jaime, Chao, Katherine R., Chinn, Ivan K., Clarke, Declan, Collins, Ryan L., Cummings, Beryl, Dardas, Zain, Dawood, Moez, Delano, Kayla, DiTroia, Stephanie P., Doddapaneni, Harshavardhan, Du, Haowei, Du, Renqian, Duan, Ruizhi, Eldomery, Mohammad, Eng, Christine M., England, Eleina, Evangelista, Emily, Everett, Selin, Fatih, Jawid, Felsenfeld, Adam, Francioli, Laurent C., Frazar, Christian D., Fu, Jack, Gamarra, Emmanuel, Gambin, Tomasz, Gan, Weiniu, Gandhi, Mira, Ganesh, Vijay S., Garimella, Kiran V., Gauthier, Laura D., Giroux, Danielle, Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia, Goodrich, Julia K., Gordon, William W., Griffith, Sean, Grochowski, Christopher M., Gu, Shen, Gudmundsson, Sanna, Hall, Stacey J., Hansen, Adam, Harel, Tamar, Harmanci, Arif O., Herman, Isabella, Hetrick, Kurt, Hijazi, Hadia, Horike-Pyne, Martha, Hsu, Elvin, Hu, Jianhong, Huang, Yongqing, Hurless, Jameson R., Jahl, Steve, Jarvik, Gail P., Jiang, Yunyun, Johanson, Eric, Jolly, Angad, Karaca, Ender, Khayat, Michael, Knight, James, Kolar, J. Thomas, Kumar, Sushant, Lalani, Seema, Laricchia, Kristen M., Larkin, Kathryn E., Leal, Suzanne M., Lemire, Gabrielle, Lewis, Richard A., Li, He, Ling, Hua, Lipson, Rachel B., Liu, Pengfei, Lovgren, Alysia Kern, López-Giráldez, Francesc, MacMillan, Melissa P., Mangilog, Brian E., Mano, Stacy, Marafi, Dana, Marosy, Beth, Marshall, Jamie L., Martin, Renan, Marvin, Colby T., Mawhinney, Michelle, McGee, Sean, McGoldrick, Daniel J., Mehaffey, Michelle, Mekonnen, Betselote, Meng, Xiaolu, Mitani, Tadahiro, Miyake, Christina Y., Mohr, David, Morris, Shaine, Mullen, Thomas E., Murdock, David R., Murugan, Mullai, Muzny, Donna M., Myers, Ben, Neira, Juanita, Nguyen, Kevin K., Nielsen, Patrick M., Nudelman, Natalie, O’Heir, Emily, O’Leary, Melanie C., Ongaco, Chrissie, Orange, Jordan, Osei-Owusu, Ikeoluwa A., Paine, Ingrid S., Pais, Lynn S., Paschall, Justin, Patterson, Karynne, Pehlivan, Davut, Pelle, Benjamin, Penney, Samantha, Perez de Acha Chavez, Jorge, Pierce-Hoffman, Emma, Poli, Cecilia M., Punetha, Jaya, Radhakrishnan, Aparna, Richardson, Matthew A., Rodrigues, Eliete, Roote, Gwendolin T., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Ryke, Erica L., Sabo, Aniko, Sanchez, Alice, Schrauwen, Isabelle, Scott, Daryl A., Sedlazeck, Fritz, Serrano, Jillian, Shaw, Chad A., Shelford, Tameka, Shively, Kathryn M., Singer-Berk, Moriel, Smith, Joshua D., Snow, Hana, Snyder, Grace, Solomonson, Matthew, Son, Rachel G., Song, Xiaofei, Stankiewicz, Pawel, Stephan, Taylorlyn, Sutton, V. Reid, Sveden, Abigail, Sánchez, Diana Cornejo, Tackett, Monica, Talkowski, Michael, Threlkeld, Machiko S., Tiao, Grace, Udler, Miriam S., Vail, Laura, Valivullah, Zaheer, Valkanas, Elise, VanNoy, Grace E., Wang, Qingbo S., Wang, Gao, Wang, Lu, Wangler, Michael F., Watts, Nicholas A., Weisburd, Ben, Weiss, Jeffrey M., Wheeler, Marsha M., White, Janson J., Williamson, Clara E., Wilson, Michael W., Wiszniewski, Wojciech, Withers, Marjorie A., Witmer, Dane, Witzgall, Lauren, Wohler, Elizabeth, Wojcik, Monica H., Wong, Isaac, Wood, Jordan C., Wu, Nan, Xing, Jinchuan, Yang, Yaping, Yi, Qian, Yuan, Bo, Zeiger, Jordan E., Zhang, Chaofan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Yan, Zhang, Xiaohong, Zhang, Yeting, Zhang, Shifa, Zoghbi, Huda, van den Veyver, Igna, Baxter, Samantha M., Posey, Jennifer E., Lake, Nicole J., Sobreira, Nara, Chong, Jessica X., Buyske, Steven, Blue, Elizabeth E., Chadwick, Lisa H., Coban-Akdemir, Zeynep H., Doheny, Kimberly F., Davis, Colleen P., Lek, Monkol, Wellington, Christopher, Jhangiani, Shalini N., Gerstein, Mark, Gibbs, Richard A., Lifton, Richard P., MacArthur, Daniel G., Matise, Tara C., Lupski, James R., Valle, David, Bamshad, Michael J., Hamosh, Ada, Mane, Shrikant, Nickerson, Deborah A., Rehm, Heidi L., and O’Donnell-Luria, Anne

Published
2022
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393. Diffuse X-ray-emitting Gas in Major Mergers

Author

Smith, Beverly J., Campbell, Kristen, Struck, Curtis, Soria, Roberto, Swartz, Douglas, Magno, Macon, Dunn, Brianne, and Giroux, Mark L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Using archived data from the Chandra X-ray telescope, we have extracted the diffuse X-ray emission from 49 equal-mass interacting/merging galaxy pairs in a merger sequence, from widely separated pairs to merger remnants. After removal of contributions from unresolved point sources, we compared the diffuse thermal X-ray luminosity from hot gas (L(X)(gas)) with the global star formation rate (SFR). After correction for absorption within the target galaxy, we do not see strong trend of L(X)(gas)/SFR with SFR or merger stage for galaxies with SFR > 1 M(sun) yr^-1. For these galaxies, the median L(X)(gas)/SFR is 5.5 X 10^39 ((erg s^-1)/M(sun) yr^-1)), similar to that of normal spiral galaxies. These results suggest that stellar feedback in star forming galaxies reaches an approximately steady state condition, in which a relatively constant fraction of about 2% of the total energy output from supernovae and stellar winds is converted into X-ray flux. Three late-stage merger remnants with low SFRs and high K band luminosities (L(K)) have enhanced L(X)(gas)/SFR; their UV/IR/optical colors suggest that they are post-starburst galaxies, perhaps in the process of becoming ellipticals. Systems with L(K) < 10^10 L(sun) have lower L(X)(gas)/SFR ratios than the other galaxies in our sample, perhaps due to lower gravitational fields or lower metallicities. We see no relation between L(X)(gas)/SFR and Seyfert activity in this sample, suggesting that feedback from active galactic nuclei is not a major contributor to the hot gas in our sample galaxies., Comment: Astronomical Journal, in press; 43 pages, 24 figures

Published
2017
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394. Ideal Liouville Domains - a cool gadget

Author

Giroux, Emmanuel

Subjects
Mathematics - Symplectic Geometry, Mathematics - Differential Geometry
Abstract

Liouville domains have become central objects in symplectic and contact geometry. However, the auxiliary data they involve --- namely, Liouville forms --- and the non-compactness of their completions generate some inconvenience. The notion of ideal Liouville domains is designed to suppress these awkward aspects and to let symplectic structures play the leading role. Ideal Liouville domains are compact manifolds with boundary whose interior carries a symplectic form satisfying some tameness condition along the boundary. Their definition and their basic properties are presented in the first part of these notes, while the second part discusses their relevance in contact geometry., Comment: 22 pages

Published
2017

395. Superelasticity and Cryogenic Linear Shape Memory Effects of CaFe2As2

Author

Sypek, John T., Yu, Hang, Dusoe, Keith J., Patel, Gil Drachuk Hetal, Giroux, Amanda M., Goldman, Alan I., Kreyssig, Andreas, Canfield, Paul C., Bud'ko, Sergey L., Weinberger, Christopher R., and Lee, Seok-Woo

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Shape memory materials have the ability to recover their original shape after a significant amount of deformation when they are subjected to certain stimuli, for instance, heat or magnetic fields. However, their performance is often limited by the energetics and geometry of the martensitic-austenitic phase transformation. Here, we report a unique shape memory behavior in CaFe2As2, which exhibits superelasticity with over 13% recoverable strain, over 3 GPa yield strength, repeatable stress-strain response even at the micrometer scale, and cryogenic linear shape memory effects near 50 K. These properties are acheived through a reversible uni-axial phase transformation mechanism, the tetragonal/orthorhombic-to-collapsed-tetragonal phase transformation. Our results offer the possibility of developing cryogenic linear technologies with a high precision and high actuation power per-unit-volume for deep space exploration, and more broadly, suggest a mechanistic path to a class of shape memory materials, ThCr2Si2-structured intermetallic compounds.

Published
2017
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396. Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ Bubble Chamber

Author

Amole, C., Ardid, M., Arnquist, I. J., Asner, D. M., Baxter, D., Behnke, E., Bhattacharjee, P., Borsodi, H., Bou-Cabo, M., Campion, P., Cao, G., Chen, C. J., Chowdhury, U., Clark, K., Collar, J. I., Cooper, P. S., Crisler, M., Crowder, G., Dahl, C. E., Das, M., Fallows, S., Farine, J., Felis, I., Filgas, R., Girard, F., Giroux, G., Hall, J., Harris, O., Hoppe, E. W., Jin, M., Krauss, C. B., Laurin, M., Lawson, I., Leblanc, A., Levine, I., Lippincott, W. H., Mamedov, F., Maurya, D., Mitra, P., Nania, T., Neilson, R., Noble, A. J., Olson, S., Ortega, A., Plante, A., Podviyanuk, R., Priya, S., Robinson, A. E., Roeder, A., Rucinski, R., Scallon, O., Seth, S., Sonnenschein, A., Starinski, N., Štekl, I., Tardif, F., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wells, J., Wichoski, U., Yan, Y., Zacek, V., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

New results are reported from the operation of the PICO-60 dark matter detector, a bubble chamber filled with 52 kg of C$_3$F$_8$ located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory. As in previous PICO bubble chambers, PICO-60 C$_3$F$_8$ exhibits excellent electron recoil and alpha decay rejection, and the observed multiple-scattering neutron rate indicates a single-scatter neutron background of less than 1 event per month. A blind analysis of an efficiency-corrected 1167-kg-day exposure at a 3.3-keV thermodynamic threshold reveals no single-scattering nuclear recoil candidates, consistent with the predicted background. These results set the most stringent direct-detection constraint to date on the WIMP-proton spin-dependent cross section at 3.4 $\times$ 10$^{-41}$ cm$^2$ for a 30-GeV$\thinspace$c$^{-2}$ WIMP, more than one order of magnitude improvement from previous PICO results., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures

Published
2017
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397. The need for critical and intersectional approaches to equity efforts in postgraduate medical education: A critical narrative review.

Author

Lam, Justin T. H., Coret, Michal, Khalil, Carlos, Butler, Kat, Giroux, Ryan J., and Martimianakis, Maria Athina

Subjects
PREVENTION of racism, GRADUATE education, CURRICULUM, MEDICAL education, DIVERSITY & inclusion policies, INTERNSHIP programs, SEX distribution, SOCIAL integration, INTERSECTIONALITY, CONCEPTUAL structures, PSYCHOLOGY of medical students, CULTURAL pluralism
Abstract

Background: Racialised trainees in Canada and the USA continue to disproportionately experience discrimination and harassment in learning environments despite equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) reform efforts. Using critical approaches to understand what problems have been conceptualised and operationalised as EDI issues within postgraduate medical education (PGME) is important to inform ongoing learning environment reform in resident training. Methods: We conducted a critical narrative review of EDI literature from 2009–2022 using critical race theory (CRT) and the concept of intersectionality to analyse how issues of discrimination in PGME have been studied. Our search yielded 2244 articles that were narrowed down to 349 articles for relevance to Canadian and American PGME contexts. We attended to reflexivity and our positionality in analysing the database and identifying themes related to EDI reform. Results: Interest convergence was noted in how EDI reform was rationalised primarily by increased productivity. Problems of learner representation, gender inequities and curricular problems were conceptualised as EDI issues. The role that racism played in EDI‐related problems was largely invisible, as were explicit conceptualisations of race and gender as social constructs. Overall, there was a lack of critical or intersectional approaches in the literature reviewed. Misalignment was noted where studies would frame a problem through a critical lens, but then study the problem without attention to power. Discussion: Interest convergence and epistemic injustice can account for the absence of critical approaches due to the alignment of existing EDI work with institutional interests and priorities. Interest convergence conceptually limits existing EDI reform efforts in PGME. CRT and intersectionality connect racialised learner experiences to systemic phenomena like racism and other forms of discrimination to challenge dominant assumptions. Because they attend to power, critical approaches are key to understanding why inequities have persisted to advance equity in learning environments for racialised and intersectionally marginalised learners. Despite their absence from the literature, this review leads Lam et al. to advocate for critical and intersectional approaches to researching equity issues in postgraduate medical training to fulfil the promise of better patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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398. Transforming research systems for meaningful engagement: a reflexive thematic analysis of spinal cord injury researchers' barriers and facilitators to using the integrated knowledge translation guiding principles.

Author

Gainforth, Heather L., Shwed, Alanna, Giroux, Emily E., Hoekstra, Femke, McKay, Rhyann C., Schaefer, Lee, Sibley, Kathryn M., Kaiser, Anita, McPhail, Lowell, McBride, Christopher B., Munro, Barry, and West, Christopher R.

Subjects
QUALITATIVE research, RESEARCH funding, INTERVIEWING, SPINAL cord injuries, DECISION making, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MENTORING, THEMATIC analysis, SOUND recordings, MEDICAL research, RESEARCH methodology, ORGANIZATIONAL change
Abstract

Purpose: To develop an in-depth understanding of spinal cord injury (SCI) researchers' barriers and facilitators to deciding to use 1) a partnered approach to research and, 2) systematically developed principles for guiding Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) in spinal cord injury research (IKT Guiding Principles). Methods: Qualitative interview study with North American SCI researchers who were interested in using a partnered research approach. The research was conducted using an IKT approach, and interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Thirteen SCI researchers whose research focused on prevention, clinical, rehabilitation, and/or community SCI research were interviewed. Three themes were co-constructed with partners: 1) the principles are necessary but not sufficient for the implementation of a partnered approach to research; 2) relational capacity building is needed; and 3) institutional transformation is needed to value, resource, and support meaningful engagement. Conclusions: Supporting change that enables SCI researchers to adopt and implement the IKT Guiding Principles will require transformation at the individual (theme 1), relational (theme 2), and institutional levels (theme 3). Findings provide clear, practical, and tangible actions to promote change that can support meaningful engagement in the SCI Research System. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Providing researchers with clear, procedural information and strategies to use each of the Integrated Knowledge Translation Guiding Principles in practice can support the implementation of the principles and partnered research in rehabilitation-based research. Fostering and evaluating resources and initiatives that help researchers network, build connections, and receive mentorship could help spinal cord injury researchers partner more effectively. Academic, research, and funding systems must ensure their practices, structures, culture, and processes enable, value, resource, support, and/or incentivize partnered research to ensure the research being conducted is relevant and useful in addressing the needs and priorities of research users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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400. Coconstructing a Flexible At-Home Respite Model For and With Caregivers of Older Adults: A Living Lab Approach.

Author

Viens, Maude, Carrier, Annie, Leclerc, Sonia, Giroux, Dominique, Dubé, Véronique, Éthier, Sophie, Audet, Mélisa, and Provencher, Véronique

Subjects
RESPITE care, HOME care services, WORLD Wide Web, QUALITATIVE research, RESEARCH funding, MEDICAL care, STATISTICAL sampling, INTERVIEWING, SERVICES for caregivers, SOUND recordings, CAREGIVERS, AGING in place, WEB development, MATHEMATICAL models, ADULT education workshops, APPLICATION software, THEORY, PATIENT participation, OLD age
Abstract

At-home respite services seem too rigid to meet the needs of older adults and their caregivers. It is critical to develop service flexibility, as it allows for personalized care, adapted to health conditions, preferences, and evolving needs. While no prior studies used coconstruction methods to increase flexibility, this study could offer a better understanding of flexible respite for stakeholders. Using a living lab approach, this article aimed to (1) empirically determine the characteristics of this type of respite model and (2) document the levers and obstacles to consider for its implementation. Starting from a pre-existing flexible respite model named ANAAIS, the research team led workshops and interviews. First, the team carried out 2 workshops (TRIAGE and persona-scenario) with a total of 3 caregivers and 8 homecare professionals or managers. Second, a team member conducted interviews with 3 caregivers and 6 homecare professionals or managers. Content analysis was used on the data. The stakeholders coconstructed a Québec version of ANAAIS, a web application allowing caregivers to request an affordable respite, at the time wanted, and offered by a qualified care worker, through a simple application. Levers and barriers to its deployment are linked to the model's characteristics as well as its internal and external context. For example, relations and connexions were perceived as a lever to deployment, while the lack of resources was considered an obstacle. This living lab project showed the feasibility and pragmatism of coconstructing a flexible and applicable respite service model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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