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To prospectively compare the accuracy in initial staging and end-of-treatment restaging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) between 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64MDCT) and 18FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FGD PET/CT) with intravenous contrast injection.Randomised and blind controlled clinical multicentric trial that included biopsy-proven DLBCL patients. Seventy-two patients from five different hospitals in the region of Madrid, Spain, were enrolled in the study between January 2012 and June 2015. Thirty-six were randomly allocated to 18FDG PET/TC and the other 36 to 64MDCT for initial staging and end-of-treatment restaging. A nuclear medicine physician and a radiologist independently analysed 18FDG PET/TC images and reached an agreement post-hoc. 64MDCT images were separately evaluated by a different radiologist. Every set of images was compared to the reference standard that included clinical data, complementary tests and follow-up. The study was approved by participating centres' ethics committees and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.A good agreement was observed between both diagnostic techniques and the reference standard in initial staging [18FDG PET/CT (k=0.5) and 64MDCT (k=0.6)], although only the 18FDG PET/TC showed a good agreement with the reference standard for the end-of-treatment restaging (k=0.7).In DLBCL, both 18FDG PET/TC and 64MDCT have shown good agreement with the reference standard in initial staging. Nevertheless, 18FDG PET/CT has shown to be superior to 64MDCT in end-of-treatment response assessment.

Nonlinear mixed models were used to describe longitudinal scrotal circumference (SC) measurements of Nellore bulls. Models comparisons were based on Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, error sum of squares, adjusted R2 and percentage of convergence. Sequentially, the best model was used to compare the SC growth curve in bulls divergently classified according to SC at 18-21 months of age. For this, bulls were classified into five groups: SC < 28cm; 28cm ≤ SC < 30cm, 30cm ≤ SC < 32cm, 32cm ≤ SC < 34cm and SC ≥ 34cm. Michaelis-Menten model showed the best fit according to the mentioned criteria. In this model, β1 is the asymptotic SC value and β2 represents the time to half-final growth and may be related to sexual precocity. Parameters of the individual estimated growth curves were used to create a new dataset to evaluate the effect of the classification, farms, and year of birth on β1 and β2 parameters. Bulls of the largest SC group presented a larger predicted SC along all analyzed periods; nevertheless, smaller SC group showed predicted SC similar to intermediate SC groups (28cm ≤ SC < 32cm), around 1200 days of age. In this context, bulls classified as improper for reproduction at 18-21 months old can reach a similar condition to those considered as good condition. In terms of classification at 18-21 months, asymptotic SC was similar among groups, farms and years; however, β2 differed among groups indicating that differences in growth curves are related to sexual precocity. In summary, it seems that selection based on SC at too early ages may lead to discard bulls with suitable reproductive potential.

Se caracterizaron y se evaluaron carbones activados comerciales (A, B, C y D) utilizados en filtros para el tratamiento de agua en la descontaminación de metales pesados presentes en agua de río y en la eliminacion de microorganismos coliformes; los carbones comerciales resultaron tener estructuras microporosas y mesoporosas. Se determinaron areas superficiales entre 705 y 906 m2/g. Los carbones fueron amorfos y se detectó la presencia de agentes antibacterianos, tales como Ag, Cl, Cu y Si. Se determinó que para el As y Pb, cuyas concentraciones iniciales en el agua contaminada (agua del Río Tumbes-Perú) fueron 56,7 y 224,0 μg/L, respectivamente, el porcentaje de adsorción fue cercano al 100%. También se encontró que la relación entre el pH de carga cero de los carbones y pH del agua del río durante los experimentos juega un rol determinante en la adsorción de los elementos analizados. Por otro lado, la capacidad antibacteriana fue evaluada satisfactoriamente frente a las siguientes cepas de bacterias gram negativas fecales: Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™) y Shigella flexneri (ATCC® 12022™). Esta capacidad se basa en la presencia superficial en los carbones de los agentes antibacterianos mencionados. Comercial activated carbon samples (A, B, C, and D) used in filters for the treatment of water were characterized and evaluated in the decontamination of heavy metals present in river water and in the elimination of coliform microorganisms. The carbon samples had microporous and mesoporous structures. Surface areas of between 705 and 906 m2/g were found. The carbons samples were amorphous and the presence of antibacterial agents such as Ag, Cl, Cu, and Si was detected. It was determined that for As and Pb, whose initial concentrations in contaminated water (water of the Tumbes river-Peru) were 56.7 and 224.0 μg/L, respectively, the percentage of adsorption was close to 100%. The relationship between point of zero charge pH of the activated carbons and pH of the river water during the experiments plays a determinant role in the adsorption of the analyzed elements. The antibacterial capacity was evaluated satisfactorily against the following strains of fecal gram negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC® 25922™), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC® 14028™), and Shigella flexneri (ATCC® 12022™). This ability is based on the surface presence in the carbons of the mentioned antibacterial agents.

Empleando un prototipo de reactor, se sintetizaron nanopartículas (NPs) de CuO a través del método de precipitación a partir de CuSO2·5H2O y de Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O. Las NPs obtenidas fueron caracterizadas mediante XRD, FT-IR, TEM y SEM. La actividad antimicrobiana de las NPs se determinó mediante el método de difusión en placa, colocando 20 mg de NPs de CuO sobre cuatro cepas intrahospitalarias o nosocomiales aisladas de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital nacional de Lima norte (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aerococcus viridans, Ochrobactrum anthropi y Micrococcus lylae). La caracterización de las NPs de CuO demostró que las sintetizadas a partir de acetato (CuO–Acet) presentaron una fase pura de CuO, mientras que las sintetizadas a partir de sulfato (CuO–Sulf) presentaron dos fases, donde la de CuO representó más del 84%. Los dominios cristalinos del CuO–Acet y CuO–Sulf fueron 15 y 19 nm, respectivamente. Los halos de inhibición de las cepas estudiadas fueron mayores para las NPs de CuO–Sulf que para las NPs de CuO–Acet; solo para la cepa chrobactrum anthropi se presentaron halos similares para ambos tipos de NPs. Using a prototype reactor, CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthetized through the precipitation method, starting from CuSO2·5H2O and Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O. The obtained NPs were characterized by XDR, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. The antimicrobial activity of the NPs was determined by the plate diffusion method, placing 20 mg of NPs onto four nosocomial strains obtained from north Lima national hospital Intensive-Care Unit (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aerococcus viridans, Ochrobactrum anthropic, and Micrococcus lylae). NPs characterization revealed that those synthetized from acetate (CuO–Acet) shown pure CuO phase, while those synthetized from sulphate CuO–Sulf shown two phases where CuO was the predominant one, having more than 84%. The crystal domains for CuO–Acet and CuO–Sulf were 15 and 19 nm, respectively. The inhibition halos for the studied strains were larger for CuO–Sulf NPs than CuO–Acet NPs, only Ochrobactrum anthropi displayed similar inhibition halos for both types of NPs.

Abundance and spatial distribution of benthic foraminifera were used to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on sediment quality in a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of California. In 1985 and 2013, 27 samples of superficial sediments were collected. The foraminifera genera Ammonia, Cribroelphidium, Quinqueloculina and Peneroplis were dominant in both years. The abundance of Ammonia increased from 41% to 60%, while Peneroplis abundance decreased from a maximum of 50% in 1985 to 7% in 2013. The greater abundance of Ammonia and the greater spatial coverage of Ammonia and Cribroelphidium suggest a marked environmental deterioration in the quality of the sedimentary environment, which contrasts with studies of trace elements in the sediment of this lagoon. The Foram Stress Index indicates that sediment quality has deteriorated over time, likely due to the effects of anthropogenic activities around the lagoon.

We study the quantum Ising model in D dimensions with the equation of motion technique, in combination with the Majorana representation for spins. The decoupling scheme used for the Green's functions is based on the hierarchy of correlations in position space. To lowest order this method reproduces the well known mean field phase diagram and critical exponents. When correlations between spins are included, we show how the appearance of thermal fluctuations and magnons strongly affect the physical properties. We demonstrate that in 1D and for B=0, thermal fluctuations completely destroy the ordered phase, and that near the quantum critical point, the quantum model displays different behavior than its classical counterpart. We discuss the connection with the Dyson's equation formalism and the explicit form of the self-energies., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Historically, Mexican education has been a low point in every international assessment made. Mexican primary schooling has been stalled for decades, with low-income families on the last link of the chain, thus creating an ever-lasting vicious cycle: poverty -- ill education -- inequalities. With PACo we aim to break that cycle with a useful gadget for teacher's college students as well as for children from rural schools in the Southern Mexican State of Oaxaca. Even with this simple device, we cover the most urgent needs for learning and teaching in rural, impoverished classrooms. Every user group heighten exciting new ways to use it, becoming a source for inspiration, a first approach to challenge inequalities.

RESUMEN Fundamento: los tumores fibrosos localizados de pleura son raros, de etiología incierta; la mayoría de los pacientes con esta enfermedad sobrepasan la quinta década de vida y más de la mitad están asintomáticos al diagnóstico, principalmente cuando los tumores son pequeños. Objetivo: describir el caso de una paciente con tumor fibroso localizado de pleura que, por su edad, sintomatología y por las características histológicas del tumor, representa una situación clínica infrecuente, con dificultades para el diagnóstico. Presentación de caso: mujer saludable, de 39 años, con dolor tóraco-lumbar persistente, de un año de evolución; en radiografía de tórax se visualizó imagen retro cardíaca izquierda corroborada por tomografía computarizada. Se realizó exéresis total de una masa de 4,8 cm, pedunculada, con origen en la pleura visceral, cuyo diagnóstico histopatológico fue un tumor fibroso localizado de pleura con características quísticas. Después de varios meses de seguimiento la paciente permanecía saludable y sin signos de recurrencia. Conclusiones: este caso constituye una forma infrecuente de presentación del tumor fibroso localizado de pleura por tratarse de una paciente menor de 40 años, con una sintomatología no frecuente y por el comportamiento benigno que ha tenido el tumor aunque presentó características quísticas DeCS: NEOPLASIAS PLEURALES, TUMOR FIBROSO SOLITARIO PLEURAL Palabras clave: pleura, neoplasias pleurales, tumor fibroso solitario pleural.

RESUMEN Identificar la célula productora de un metabolito bioactivo permite enfocar los esfuerzos de cultivo celular para su producción in-vitro, así como elucidar la posible función fisiológica del metabolito. La esponja marina del Caribe Discodermia dissoluta produce el policétido (+)-discodermólido, un potente antitumoral que ha llegado a fase clínica de investigación en humanos. En este trabajo se avanzó en la identificación de las células productoras mediante disociación celular, separación en fracciones por centrifugación en gradientes de densidad de Percoll® y detección de la presencia de (+)-discodermólido mediante cromatografía de capa delgada. Las fracciones mostraron células de diferentes características morfológicas, entre las que se encuentran cianobacterias, bacterias filamentosas, coanocitos, arqueocitos, entre otras. Se pudo identificar un patrón irregular pero consistente de producción de (+)-discodermólido en las fracciones que contenían uno o más tipos de células granulares de la esponja, indicando que la producción del metabolito parece estar asociada con la esponja y no con los microorganismos asociados. ABSTRACT Identification of bioactive metabolite cell producers allow driving cell culture experiments for in vitro production, just as elucidation of the possible physiologic function of metabolites. The Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta produces the polyketide (+)-discodermolide, a potent antitumoral that has reached clinic trials in humans. In this research, progress was made in identifying the producing cells by cell dissociation, separation into fractions by centrifugation on Percoll® density gradients, and detection of (+)-discodermolide presence by thin layer chromatography. The fractions recovered showed cells of different morphological characteristics, including cyanobacteria, filamentous bacteria, choanocytes, archaeocytes, among others. It was possible to identify an irregular but consistent pattern of (+)-dicordemolide production in the fractions that contained one or more kind of sponge granular cells, indicating that metabolite production seems to be related to the sponge and not with the associated microorganisms.

We study the transport properties of a topological system coupled to an AC electric field by means of Floquet-Keldysh formalism. We consider a semi-infinite chain of dimers coupled to a semi-infinite metallic lead, and obtain the density of states and current when the system is out of equilibrium. Our formalism is non-perturbative and allows us to explore, in the thermodynamic limit, a wide range of regimes for the AC field, arbitrary values of the coupling strength to the metallic contact and corrections to the wide-band limit. We find that hybridization with the contact can change the dimerization phase, and that the current dependence on the field amplitude can be used to discriminate between them. We also show the appearance of side-bands and non-equilibrium zero-energy modes, characteristic of Floquet systems. Our results directly apply to the stability of non-equilibrium topological phases, when transport measurements are used for their detection., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures and Appendix

Grado en Ingeniería de los Recursos Energéticos

We study the many-body physics of different quantum systems using a hierarchy of correlations, which corresponds to a generalization of the $1/\mathcal{Z}$ hierarchy. The decoupling scheme obtained from this hierarchy is adapted to calculate double-time Green's functions, and due to its non-perturbative nature, we describe quantum phase transition and topological features characteristic of strongly correlated phases. As concrete examples we consider spinless fermions in a dimers chain and in a honeycomb lattice. We present analytical results which are valid for any dimension and can be generalized to different types of interactions (e.g., long range interactions), which allows us to shed light on the effect of quantum correlations in a very systematic way. Furthermore, we show that this approach provides an efficient framework for the calculation of topological invariants in interacting systems., Comment: 14 pages,9 figures

Se estudió la influencia que ejerce la dieta sobre el desarrollo larvario del pectínido Argopecten nucleus, probando seis dietas microalgales compuestas por dietas monoalgales y mezcla de las especies Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica en relación 1:1, manejando una concentración por mL equivalente al peso de 40000 células de I. galbana, midiendo la respuesta a través de las variables supervivencia, crecimiento, aparición de la mancha ocular y estado de condición (larvas llenas, semillenas y vacías). Las dietas que contenían I. galbana presentaron los mayores valores en cada una de las variables medidas, en comparación con aquellas que carecían de esta. Particularmente, la dieta mixta I. galbana + C. calcitrans presentó superioridad en todas las variables, aunque en la mayoría de los casos fue estadísticamente similar a I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica e I. galbana sola. Por el contrario, las dietas que arrojaron los resultados más bajos fueron C. calcitrans y C. calcitrans + T. suecica. Los resultados obtenidos se atribuyen principalmente a la composición nutricional, especialmente de ácidos grasos altamente insaturados (HUFA por sus siglas en inglés) decada microalga y de cada mezcla suministrada, la cual se discute detalladamente. The influence of the diet on larval growth of the scallops Argopecten nucleus was studied, testing six microalgae diets composed by single-algae and mixed diets of the species Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica, handling a concentration per mL equivalent to 40000 cells of I. galbana and the response through the variables surviving, growth, appearance of the eye spot and state of condition (full, half-full and empty larvae) was measured. The diets containing I. galbana showed greater results over all the measured variables, with regard to those where it was not present. In particular, the mixed diet I. galbana + C. calcitrans presented superiority over all variables, although in the most cases was statistically similar to I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica and I. galbana alone. For the opposite, the diets with the lowest results were C. calcitrans and C. calcitrans + T. suecica. The results obtained are principally attributed to the nutritional composition mainly of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) of each microalgae and each mixture supply, which is discussed in detail. INVEMAR Published Argopecten nucleus; Microalgae; Isochrysis galbana; HUFA

As a contribution to determine the biological and technological feasibility of the culture of N. nodosus in the Colombian Caribbean, the effect of two cover densities (30 and 50 %) upon growth and survival was evaluated between April and November 2007. In cages suspended in the sea at 5 m depth juveniles between 60 and 65 mm length were placed. Shell lengths and survival were measured each 15 days. In the same manner, temperature, salinity, seston and particulate organic matter were measured in order to determine relationships with these factors; N. nodosus reached a length of 84.7 and 87.9 mm at densities of 30 and 50 %, respectively. Treatments affected growth but did not affect significantly survival. A direct relation between growth and organic matter and between growth and total seston were detected. Survival maintained a similar trend until July at both densities, presenting in turn a direct relation to particulate organic matter. Results demonstrate that N. nodosus presents a good development at high densities, which allow to have a greater utilization of the culture art, hence increasing its productivity

Se sintetizó nanopartículas de peróxido de zinc (ZnO2) por el método sol-gel y se las caracterizó estructural y morfológicamente. Las nanopartículas sintetizadas fueron suspendidas en un medio acuoso para funcionalizar tejidos textiles de algodón, obteniendo textiles con propiedades antimicrobianas. La funcionalización fue mediante el proceso de impregnación sobre tejido seco, haciendo uso del equipo denominado Foulard de impregnación. Las muestras textiles impregnadas fueron analizadas microbiológicamente frente a cepas de bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) y Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), posterior a estos análisis se realizaron controles de solideces, análisis de sus propiedades físicas y control del color. De los análisis realizados se concluye que los textiles funcionalizados con nanopartículas de ZnO2 poseen propiedades antimicrobianas. Además las propiedades físicas y las solideces del textil no son afectadas luego del proceso de funcionalización. Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized structurally and morphologically. The synthesized nanoparticles were suspended in aqueous medium to functionalize cotton textile fabrics, getting textiles with antimicrobial properties. The functionalization was by impregnation process over dry woven, making use of equipment called impregnation Padder. The impregnated textile samples were microbiologically analyzed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) strains. Subsequently, fastness control, physical properties studies and color control analysis were performed over the textiles. We concluded that the textiles functionalized with ZnO2 nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, moreover, physical properties and textile fastness are not affected after the functionalization process. Key words: Nanoparticles, functionalization, antimicrobial textile, textile quality control, microbiological analysis. The functionalization was by impregnation process over dry woven, making use of equipment called impregnation Padder. The impregnated textile samples were microbiologically analyzed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) strains. Subsequently, fastness control, physical properties studies and color control analysis were performed over the textiles. We concluded that the textiles functionalized with ZnO2 nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties, moreover, physical properties and textile fastness are not affected after the functionalization process.

Caranx hippos es uno de los recursos ícticos marinos más importantes en Colombia, especialmente en la pesca artesanal. Con el propósito de profundizar en su conocimiento biológico, se estimó la fecundidad parcial y el diámetro de los ovocitos. Las muestras provenían de faenas artesanales comerciales. A cada individuo se le midió longitud total, el peso total y el peso gonadal. La fecundidad se estimó combinando el método gravimétrico con análisis de imágenes, usando el software de libre acceso Image J®. A partir de la medición de 149523 ovocitos se obtuvo un diámetro promedio de 0.32 ± 1.24E-4 mm, y valores de fecundidad variables con un ámbito entre 291439 y 4380480 ovocitos/gónada. No se evidenció una relación directa entre la cantidad y el diámetro de los huevos con la talla y el peso del pez, lo que sugiere que no siempre las hembras más grandes son las más fecundas. Se describe el desarrollo microestructural de los oocitos maduros, encontrando diámetros promedio en alvéolo cortical y vitelogénesis de 98.6 + 33.1 µm y 207.5+ 59.6 µm, respectivamente. Dada la importancia en el país de C. hippos, este trabajo constituyó un importante aporte al conocimiento de la especie, que puede ser usado en modelos pesqueros con aplicabilidad directa en medidas de manejo. Caranx hippos is one of the most important fish resources in Colombia, particularly in artisanal fisheries. In order to deepen C. hippos biological knowledge, fecundity (number of eggs in development) and oocyte diameter was estimated. Fish samples were collected from commercial artisanal fishing trips, each fish was measured (total length, Lt) and weighted (total weight, Pt); gonads were removed, weighed and analyzed for determining fecundity using a gravimetric method combined with image analysis performed using the open access software Image J®. From the measurement of 149552 oocytes, an average diameter of 0.32 ± 1.24E-4 mm, was obtained, while fecundity varied between 291439 and 4380480 oocytes per gonad. No direct relationship was evidenced between egg number and diameter, and fish size and weight. Mature oocyte microstructural development is described, average diameters in cortical alveoli and vitellogenesis were 98.6 + 33.1 µm y 207.5+ 59.6 µm, respectively. This result suggests that larger females are not always the more fertile. Given the importance of C. hippos in Colombia, this work is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the species, which can be used in fishery models with direct applicability to management procedures.

Resumo Avaliou-se parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em vacas da raça Holandês-PB no pós-parto imediato, manejadas em free stall . Utilizou-se 51 vacas entre primíparas e pluríparas. Os valores obtidos foram: escore de condição corporal ao parto 3,47±0,4; intervalos do parto à primeira ovulação 5,89±3,4 semanas; ao primeiro serviço 112,5±57,0 dias; a taxa de gestação ao primeiro serviço foi 43,6% e no período experimental 76,4%, não sendo observada diferença para ordens de parto (P>0,05). A produção de leite acumulada à concepção, produção diária leite até a concepção e produção de leite ajustado para 305 foi respectivamente, 3.335,6±1.488,4; 25,8±5,4 e 7.424,0±1.877,8 litros. Conclui-se que no manejo de Free stall , a detecção de estro, foi o principal fator limitante para alcançar melhor eficiência reprodutiva. Abstract The reproductive and productive parameters in postpartum of 51 primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows housed in free stall were obtained. The values measured were: body condition score at parturition (3.47±0.4), interval from parturition to first ovulation (5.89±3.4 weeks), interval parturition at first service (112.5±57.0 days), first-service pregnancy rate (43.6%) and during the experimental period (76.4%). No difference was found between parturition order (P>0.05). The accumulated milk production until conception time, daily production until conception time, and adjusted 305-day milk production was respectively 3,335.6±1,488.4; 25.8±5.4 and 7,424.0±1,877.8 liters. In free stall of this study the estrus detection was the most limiting factor to improve the reproductive efficiency.

Argopecten nucleus is a scallop bivalve native from the Colombian Caribbean, with great potential culture, but the critic point for a large-scale production is the scarce seed spat available in the environment. For this reason, its production in the laboratory is the most promising source. There is no consensus about feeding with respect to the larval sowing density after several studies, since generally each factor is worked separately. Therefore, in this research we studied the joint effect of the larval initial density and the feed ration, testing three different densities, 5, 10, and 15 larvae mL-1 and three feed concentrations, 20000, 40000, and 70000 cells mL-1 of Isochrysis galbana, over the surviving, growth, condition state (full, halffull, and empty larvae), deformity or malformation, and development of the eye spot. There was not interaction between factors with regard to surviving, growth, and deformity, but over condition state. There were not significant differences with regard to survival with any of combinations tested, whereas larval density make a greatly influence in the growth and condition state, being higher in the 10 and 15 larvae mL-1 culture for the first variable and in the 10 larvae mL-1 culture for the second one. There was no significant influence by feed concentration in any case. Even so, the percentages obtained with the combination of 10 larvae mL-1 and 20000 cells mL-1 of food (L10-20C) was higher in most cases. There were not eye spot larvae in this experiment.

Caranx hippos is one of the most important fish resources in Colombia, particularly in artisanal fisheries. In order to deepen C. hippos biological knowledge, fecundity (number of eggs in development) and oocyte diameter was estimated. Fish samples were collected from commercial artisanal fishing trips, each fish was measured (total length, Lt) and weighted (total weight, Pt); gonads were removed, weighed and analyzed for determining fecundity using a gravimetric method combined with image analysis performed using the open access software Image J®. From the measurement of 149552 oocytes, an average diameter of 0.32 ± 1.24E-4 mm, was obtained, while fecundity varied between 291439 and 4380480 oocytes per gonad. No direct relationship was evidenced between egg number and diameter, and fish size and weight. Mature oocyte microstructural development is described, average diameters in cortical alveoli and vitellogenesis were 98.6 + 33.1 μm y 207.5+ 59.6 μm, respectively. This result suggests that larger females are not always the more fertile. Given the importance of C. hippos in Colombia, this work is a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the species, which can be used in fishery models with direct applicability to management procedures.

Seahorses natural populations are declining, due to theri demand in traditional Chinese medicine, its consumption in oriental countries and their attractive as ornamental species; then, all the Hippocampus species of the genus are threatened fishes. Culture under controlled conditions is an option for their conservation and sustainable use; however, it is necessary to fin the appropiate techniques to culture them, especially to raise the fry. In this study the effect of live food on growth an survival of Hippocampus reidi fry was evaluated. During the first 11 days they were fede with Artemia nauplii and rotifers enriched, since the day 11 to 46 only with enriched Artemia metanauplii with four commercial products: Protein Selco Plus® (PSP), marine fish food Azoo 9 in 1® (AZ), Scott Emulsion® (SE) and Isochrysis galbana microalgae (IG). The largest growth in therms of weight and height was observed in seahorses fed with enriched Artemia with PSP (160.13 mg and 4.44 cm respectively), which was significantly higher than the other treatments, which were kept in a range of 81-86-97380 mg in weight and 3.62-3.72 cm in size (F3.12 = 9.63, p = 0.0049 by weight and F3.12 = 5.12, p = 0.0288 in height). There were not significant differences in survival; however the highest percentage was in PSP diet (74.42%) and lower in SE (51.60%) (F3.12 = 1.08, p = 0.4095).

Esta investigación tiene como fin, el dar a conocer a las empresas del municipio de Soacha un diagnóstico inicial de cómo se encuentran con respecto a la implementación del SG-SST, con base en la legislación vigente en todo el territorio colombiano y su importancia, brindándoles la información necesaria y específica para que estas empiecen a evaluar su estado frente a la normatividad, la cual entró en vigencia desde su publicación en mayo del 2015 y tiene como plazo máximo para su implementación enero del 2017, fecha en la cual se empezarán a aplicar las sanciones a empresas que no cumplan con este decreto.

Between April and September 2010, the gametogenic cycle of the scallop Argopecten nucleus was studied in Nenguange Bay in Tayrona National Park. Ten organisms were collected every 14 days and processed for histology of their gonads. Parallel to this, the morfocromatic appearance of the gonads of 55 individuals kept in a suspended culture system was followed, setting up fie stages as follows: I = Rest and undifferentiation; II = Initial development; III = Advanced development; IV = Mature; and V = Spawning. The predominant gonadal stage was III with an average of 60%, followed by stage V with 20.7%, followed by IV with 13.5%, and fially stages II and I with 5.1 and 0.6% respectively. We found a signifiant relationship between the gonadosomatic index and precipitation (p = 0.0001), temperature (p = 0.0015), salinity (p = 0.0003), and chlorophyll a (p = 0.0285). The condition factor (CF) showed a correlation with particulate organic matter (POM; p = 0.0243), however, when performing a simple regression, the test indicated that the MOP will not substantially affect the FC with a correlation index of 4.53.

First steps towards cellular localization of (+)-discodermolide, a potent antitumoral poliketide biosynthesized by the Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta. Identification of bioactive metabolite cell producers allow driving cell culture experiments for in vitro production, just as elucidation of the possible physiologic function of metabolites. The Caribbean marine sponge Discodermia Discodermia dissoluta, (+)-Discodermolide, Cell dissociation, Anticancer agent.dissoluta produces the polyketide (+)-discodermolide, a potent antitumoral that has reached clinic trials in humans. In this research, progress was made in identifying the producing cells by cell dissociation, separation into fractions by centrifugation on Percoll® density gradients, and detection of (+)-discodermolide presence by thin layer chromatography. The fractions recovered showed cells of different morphological characteristics, including cyanobacteria, filamentous bacteria, choanocytes, archaeocytes, among others. It was possible to identify an irregular but consistent pattern of (+)-dicordemolide production in the fractions that contained one or more kind of sponge granular cells, indicating that metabolite production seems to be related to the sponge and not with the associated microorganisms., Identificar la célula productora de un metabolito bioactivo permite enfocar los esfuerzos de cultivo celular para su producción in-vitro, así como elucidar la posible función fisiológica del metabolito. La esponja marina del Caribe Discodermia dissoluta produce el policétido (+)-discodermólido, un potente antitumoral que ha llegado a fase clínica de investigación en humanos. En este trabajo se avanzó en la identificación de las células productoras mediante disociación celular, separación en fracciones por centrifugación en gradientes de densidad de Percoll ® y detección de la presencia de (+)-discodermólido mediante cromatografía de capa delgada. Las fracciones mostraron células de diferentes características morfológicas, entre las que se encuentran cianobacterias, bacterias filamentosas, coanocitos, arqueocitos, entre otras. Se pudo identificar un patrón irregular pero consistente de producción de (+)-discodermólido en las fracciones que contenían uno o más tipos de células granulares de la esponja, indicando que la producción del metabolito parece estar asociada con la esponja y no con los microorganismos asociados.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal salinity for the culture of H. reidi fry during the fist month of life, evaluating the effect of different salinities (27, 30, 33, and 36) on its growth and survival. The fry were distributed at three ind.L-1 density in 12 L incubators, animals were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment, survival was monitored daily, and height and weight were measured both at the beginning and end of the experiment. The salinity did not show signifiant differences between treatments, the highest survival rate was obtained at 27 with 17.59 ± 6.99%.

Se estudió la influencia que ejerce la dieta sobre el desarrollo larvario del pectínido Argopecten nucleus, probando seis dietas microalgales compuestas por dietas monoalgales y mezcla de las especies Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica en relación 1:1, manejando una concentración por mL equivalente al peso de 40000 células de I. galbana, midiendo la respuesta a través de las variables supervivencia, crecimiento, aparición de la mancha ocular y estado de condición (larvas llenas, semillenas y vacías). Las dietas que contenían I. galbana presentaron los mayores valores en cada una de las variables medidas, en comparación con aquellas que carecían de esta. Particularmente, la dieta mixta I. galbana + C. calcitrans presentó superioridad en todas las variables, aunque en la mayoría de los casos fue estadísticamente similar a I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica e I. galbana sola. Por el contrario, las dietas que arrojaron los resultados más bajos fueron C. calcitrans y C. calcitrans + T. suecica. Los resultados obtenidos se atribuyen principalmente a la composición nutricional, especialmente de ácidos grasos altamente insaturados (HUFA por sus siglas en inglés) de cada microalga y de cada mezcla suministrada, la cual se discute detalladamente. The influence of the diet on larval growth of the scallops Argopecten nucleus was studied, testing six microalgae diets composed by single-algae and mixed diets of the species Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica, handling a concentration per mL equivalent to 40000 cells of I. galbana and the response through the variables surviving, growth, appearance of the eye spot and state of condition (full, half-full and empty larvae) was measured. The diets containing I. galbana showed greater results over all the measured variables, with regard to those where it was not present. In particular, the mixed diet I. galbana + C. calcitrans presented superiority over all variables, although in the most cases was statistically similar to I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica and I. galbana alone. For the opposite, the diets with the lowest results were C. calcitrans and C. calcitrans + T. suecica. The results obtained are principally attributed to the nutritional composition mainly of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) of each microalgae and each mixture supply, which is discussed in detail.

We derive an effective time independent Hamiltonian for the transverse Ising model coupled to a spin bath, in the presence of a high frequency AC magnetic field. We show that the spin blocking mechanism that removes the quantum phase transition can be suppressed by the AC field, allowing high tunability of the quantum critical point. Finally, we calculate the phase diagram within the RPA approximation for the case of spin $7/2$ nuclei, appropriate to the $LiHo_{x}Y_{1-x}F_{4}$ system., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures and Appendix

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo Analizar prospectivamente la precision de la tomografia por emision de positrones/tomografia computarizada (PET/TC) frente al patron oro en la estadificacion inicial de los pacientes con linfoma no hodgkiniano (LNH) e identificar el protocolo tecnico mas adecuado. Pacientes y metodo Estudio transversal prospectivo de 76 pacientes diagnosticados de LNH durante 3 anos consecutivos en el Hospital Universitario La Paz de Madrid no tratados previamente. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con la tecnica PET/TC: inicialmente se obtuvo una TC de dosis baja, despues el escaner de emision de la PET y posteriormente un estudio de TC de dosis alta con contraste intravenoso. Se reconstruyeron dos estudios de PET/TC para cada paciente: uno de PET/TC de dosis baja (PET/TC DB) y otro de PET/TC de dosis alta (PET/TC DA). Cada modalidad de PET/TC fue evaluada en consenso por un equipo de medico nuclear y radiologo, diferente para cada una de las modalidades. Las imagenes de TC y de PET fueron interpretadas por separado por otro radiologo y otro medico nuclear independientes. Resultados La concordancia con el patron de referencia fue en el 52,2% de los pacientes (κ = 0,458) para la TC, 46% para la PET (κ = 0,335), 75% para la PET/TC DB (κ = 0,664) y 76,8% para la PET/TC DA (κ = 0,679), con p Conclusion La PET/TC es superior en la estadificacion inicial de los pacientes con LNH, siendo la PET/TC DA la tecnica mas precisa de las que hemos estudiado.

Resumen La Comision Nacional de Radiodiagnostico es un organo asesor del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo y del Ministerio de Educacion en temas de formacion sanitaria especializada. Dentro del capitulo de Formacion de Residentes en Radiologia se explican las competencias y funciones de la Comision Nacional de la especialidad de Radiodiagnostico, como son: elaboracion del programa formativo, elaboracion del libro del residente, establecimiento de criterios de evaluacion, propuesta de areas de capacitacion especifica, establecimiento de criterios de evaluacion de unidades docentes y formativas y participacion en el diseno de planes integrales dentro de la especialidad. Tambien se detallan otras funciones meramente administrativas, pero que repercuten en toda la comunidad radiologica.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Accurate staging is essential for the optimal management and treatment of these patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) and, more recently, PET/CT have been introduced into the diagnostic algorithms for oncologic patients because they provide valuable functional information. The hybrid PET/ CT technique acquires both anatomic (CT) and metabolic (PET) images in a single session, combining the benefits of each modality and minimizing their limitations. This article reviews the role of PET/CT in lung cancer staging, with emphasis on non-small cell carcinoma, evaluating the advantages and limitations of the technique. Other applications of the technique, such as planning radiotherapy, are also discussed.

Species of Perkinsus are responsible for high mortalities of bivalve molluscs world-wide. Techniques to accurately estimate parasites in tissues are required to improve understanding of perkinsosis. This study quantifies the number and tissue distribution of Perkinsus marinus in Crassostrea virginica by modern stereology and immunohistochemistry. Mean total number of trophozoites were (mean +/- SE) 11.80 +/- 3.91 million and 11.55 +/- 3.88 million for the optical disector and optical fractionator methods, respectively. The mean empirical error between both stereological approaches was 3.8 +/- 1.0%. Trophozoites were detected intracellularly in the following tissues: intestine (30.1%), Leydig tissue (21.3%), hemocytes (14.9%), digestive gland (11.4%), gills (6.1%), connective tissues (5.7%), gonads (4.1%), palps (2.2%), muscle (1.9%), mantle connective (0.8%), pericardium (0.7%), mantle epithelium (0.1%), and heart (0.1%). The remaining 0.6% were found extracellularly. Percentages of trophozoite stages were (mean +/- SE): large, log-phase trophonts, i.e., signet rings, 97.0 +/- 1.2%; meronts, 2.0 +/- 0.9%; clusters of small, log-phase trophonts, i.e., merozoites, 1.0 +/- 0.5%. Levels of infection in hemocytes and Leydig tissue were representative of total parasite intensity. These techniques are a powerful tool to follow parasite distribution and invasion, and to further explore mechanisms of Perkinsus spp. pathogenesis in bivalves.