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Poor results with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy have been obtained in two children with stage IV neuroblastoma treated after partial surgery and unsatisfactory combination chemotherapy. Both patients' response to treatment (four and three 1-month-spaced courses, respectively; cumulative administration of 11.9 and 9.2 GBq) has been characterized by a low isotope concentration in the primary tumor and in the multiple bone metastases and by bone marrow uptake with final severe hematological toxicity. A slight decrease in the primary tumor's volume was observed in one patient at a cumulative dose of 85 Gy; there was no change in the other's at 42 Gy. At an initial, greater isotope concentration delivering 103 Gy, some bone metastases displayed a sharp decrease in uptake that persisted in the successive courses. For both patients a progressive spreading of new tumor localisation in the bones and finally in the soft tissues was observed.

Tylospilus peruvianus Horváth, 1911 Distribution. Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Distribution in Colombia. Meta. Remarks. Tylospilus peruvianus has the humeral angles acute but without a spiniform process, and the clypeus pale, concolorous with the mandibular plates. References. Thomas 1992; Castro-Huertas et al. 2015; Brugnera et al. 2020a; Dellapé 2021a., Published as part of Castro-Huertas, Valentina, Grazia, Jocelia, Forero, Dimitri, Fernández, Fernando & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2022, Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species, pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5097 (1) on pages 14-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5097.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6036639, {"references":["Thomas, D. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the Asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of western hemisphere. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 156 pp.","Castro-Huertas, V., Schwertner, C. F. & Fernandez, F. (2015) New records of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Colombia. Zootaxa, 3973 (3), 553 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3973.3.9","Brugnera, R., Reginato-Paim, M., Roell, T., Dellape, G. & Grazia, J. (2020 a) Taxonomic modifications in Tylospilus Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): Redescription of T. nigrobinotatus (Berg), description of a new species and an updated identification key for the genus. Zootaxa, 4766 (1), 128 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.1.6","Dellape, G. (2021 a) An update of the distribution of the stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 80 (1), 23 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.25085 / rsea. 800103"]}

Tylospilus cloelia (Stål, 1862) Distribution. Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Distribution in Colombia. Unknown. This species was recorded from Colombia by Thomas (1992), but without specific locality. Remarks. Tylospilus cloelia has the anterolateral pronotal margin smooth, pale and calloused. References. Thomas 1992; Brugnera et al. 2020a., Published as part of Castro-Huertas, Valentina, Grazia, Jocelia, Forero, Dimitri, Fernández, Fernando & Schwertner, Cristiano F., 2022, Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species, pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5097 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5097.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6036639, {"references":["Thomas, D. (1992) Taxonomic synopsis of the Asopine Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) of western hemisphere. Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, 156 pp.","Brugnera, R., Reginato-Paim, M., Roell, T., Dellape, G. & Grazia, J. (2020 a) Taxonomic modifications in Tylospilus Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): Redescription of T. nigrobinotatus (Berg), description of a new species and an updated identification key for the genus. Zootaxa, 4766 (1), 128 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4766.1.6"]}

Afrius (Afrius) purpureus (Westwood, 1837) Figs 1, 8–11 Pentatoma yolofa Guérin-Méneville, 1831: 55, fig. 2 and legend (syn. Stål 1870: 44). Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837: 43. Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838: 185 –186 (syn. Schouteden 1905: 147, as a var. of Canthecona purpurea). Canthecona caerulea Dallas, 1851: 89 (syn. Stål 1862: 496, as var. of Canthecona Yolofa Guérin; syn. Stål 1870: 44). Canthecona marginella Dallas, 1851: 89 (syn. Stål 1862: 496, as var. of Canthecona Yolofa Guérin; syn. Stål 1870: 44). Canthecona marmorata Dallas, 1851: 90 (synonymy with Canthecona purpurea suspected by Schouteden 1905a: 150). syn. nov. Canthecona annulipes Dallas, 1851: 90 –91 (syn. Schouteden 1905a: 149–150, with Canthecona marmorata; synonymy with Canthecona purpurea suspected by Schouteden 1905a: 150). syn. nov. Canthecona miniatescens Stål, 1854: 213 (syn. Stål 1864: 66 –67, with Canthecona figurata, as var. b.; syn. Kirkaldy 1909: 10, with Afrius purpureus, as a var.). Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth, 1903: 289. syn. nov. Pentatoma (Eurydema) yolofa – Laporte 1833: 61. Canthecona Yolofa – Amyot & Serville 1843: 82. — Dallas 1851: 89. — Stål 1864: 67 –68. — Larousse 1890: 724 [without any capital letters]. Cimex (Pentatoma) yolofa – Guérin-Méneville 1844: 344 [description] Asopus figuratus – Herrich-Schaffer 1844: 113, fig. 710. Canthecona figurata – Stål 1864: 66 –67. — Gerstaecker 1892: 345. Cimex (Afrius) figuratus – Stål 1870: 44. Cimex (Afrius) purpureus – Stål 1870: 44. — Distant 1884: 459. Cimex marmoratus – Stål 1870: 46. Cimex annulipes – Stål 1870: 46. Canthecona Ylofa (incorrect subsequent spelling) – Wallengren 1875: 133. Afrius purpureus – Reuter 1882: 9. — Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. — Schouteden 1907a: 51–52; 1909: 64; 1910: 91; 1913a: 190; 1913b: 324; 1963: 399; 1964: 95; 1972: 106. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Vuillet & Vuillet 1911: 277; 1912: 445. — Hollrung 1912: 280. — Jeannel 1913: 97. — Zacher 1921: 139. — Lehmann 1922: 129. — Hesse 1925: 39. — Carpenter 1926: liii. — Golding 1931: 222. — Van Heerden 1931: 131, fig. cvii. — Hargreaves 1937: 518. — Villiers 1949: 88; 1952a: 1211; 1952b: 82; 1954: 230; 1956: 213. — Risbec 1950: 126, 397, 447, 457. — Cachan 1952: 305; 1965: 5–32. — Leston 1952: 895. — Mancini 1953: 202. — Lindberg 1958: 31. — Le Pelley 1959: 166. — Caswell 1962: 26. — Girard 1969: 7, 52. — Herting 1971: 80; 1976: 71. — Gillon 1972: 351 –352; 1974: 219, 241, 246, 251, 266, 270, 285, 287. — Linnavuori 1975: 124; 1976: 129; 1982: 164. — Medler 1980: 123. — Bourdouxhe & Jolivet 1981: 46 –48. — Nuamah 1982: 11. — Nonveiller 1984: 54, 142. — Balsbaugh 1988: 276. — Couilloud 1989: 207 –208. — Sylvie et al. 1989: 277. — Quicke et al. 1992: 1024. — Van Harten 1993: 247. — Bijlmakers & Verhoek 1995: 147, 317. — Schaefer 1996: 41. — Jolivet 1997: 153. — Boulard 1998: 41. — Dolling et al. 1999: 73. — Beenen & Hawkeswood 2004: 473. — Tchibozo & Braet 2004: 161. — Arechavaleta et al. 2005: 76. — Renou 2007: 30. — Poutouli et al. 2011: 9, 54–56, 58, 76. — Agboton et al. 2014: 9. — Crétenet & Gourlot 2015: 138. Afrius purpureus var. marginella – Reuter 1882: 9. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. Cimex (Afrius) purpureus var. marginella – Distant 1884: 459. Cimex purpureus – Distant 1890: LIII [with Hope as author, not Westwood]. Cimex figuratus – Distant 1892: 248 [description and illustration of unnamed variety]. Afrius ? annulipes – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. http://www.palaeontos.be/13/det13.html Afrius figuratus – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. — Distant 1898: 308; 1901: 27. — Howard 1906: 731. — Leston 1954: 680 (and in title). — Maitai 1958: 291. — Le Pelley 1959: 257; 1968: 195, 501. — McDonald 1966: 44. — Cobben 1968: 116. — Herting 1973: 84, 85, 87. — Medler 1980: 123. — Smith & Barfield 1982: 263. — Scholtz & Holm 1985: 147. — Merrett 1986: 549. — Matanmi & Hassan 1987: 376. — Fry 1989: 108. — Mugo 1995: 2099. — Schaefer 1996: 44. — Sileshi et al. 2000: 41, 48. Afrius ? marmoratus – Lethierry & Severin 1893: 214. Canthecona purpurea – Schouteden 1905a: 146; 1905b: 15. Canthecona purpurea var. figuratus – Schouteden 1905a: 147. Canthecona marmorata – Schouteden 1905a: 149 –150. Canthecona rubromarginata – Schouteden 1905a: 150 –151. Afrius marmoratus – Schouteden 1907a: 51. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Thomas 1994: 151. — Robertson 2009: 22. Afrius rubromarginatus – Schouteden 1907a: 52. — Bergroth 1908: 182. — Kirkaldy 1909: 10. — Thomas 1994: 151. — Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004: 20. — Robertson 2009: 22. — Krüger & Deckert 2016: 46. Afrius purpureus var. figuratus – Schouteden 1907a: 51–52; 1909: 64. — Mancini 1937: 43. — Le Pelley 1959: 54. Afrius purpureus var. caerulea – Kirkaldy 1909: 10. Afrius purpureus var. figurata – Kirkaldy 1909: 10. Afrius purpureus var. miniatescens – Kirkaldy 1909: 10. Afrius yolofus – Dupuis 1952: 454. — Leston 1954: 680 (in a note). — Thomas 1994: 151. — Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004: 20. — Rebagliati et al. 2005: 201. — Kerisew 2011: 91. Afrius purpureus purpureus – Linnavuori 1989: 13. Afrius purpureus figuratus – Linnavuori 1989: 12 –13 [with unnamed variety]. Afrius yolofa – Sileshi et al. 2001: 289; 2004: 6, 18. — Kerzhner et al. 2004: 18. — Rider 2006: 234. — Robertson 2009: 21 –22. — Matesco et al. 2014: 352. Types examined AFRICA • Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837; syntype ♀; labels: “Type Hem: 242 PENTATOMA PURPUREA WESTWOOD HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”, “ TYPE = WEST. (HOPE) C. Hemipt. 1837 Part. I. page 43 Distant, P.Z.S., 1900, p. 807–825.”, “Africa”, “ Afrius purpureus Westw. ”; Fig. 8 E–F; OUMNH. “EAST AFRICA” • Afrius rubromarginatus Bergroth, 1903; syntype ♀; labels: “Type Hem: 704 AFRIUS RUBROMARGINATUS BERGROTH. HOPE DEPT. OXFORD”, “ Afrius rubro = marginatus Bergr.”, “Probably TANGANYIKA”, “Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 47: 289”, “Afriq Or”, “3/”, “ TYPE ”; Fig. 8 O–P; OUMNH. SIERRA LEONE • Canthecona marginella Dallas, 1851; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “87a”, “ Canthecona marginella identified by Dallas”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592170 ”; Fig. 8 I–J; NHMUK 0 10592170. SOUTH AFRICA • Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838; syntype ♀; labels: “ figuratus Germ. Promont. b. sp. Collect. Germ.”, “ Afrius figuratus (Germ) ”, “7968”, “Typus”; Fig. 8 G–H; MFNB. SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona caerulea Dallas, 1851; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “ 40 6 26 329”, “ Canthecona caerulea identified by Dallas”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592171 ”; Fig. 8 A–C; NHMUK 0 10592171. SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona marmorata Dallas, 1851; syntype ³; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, red-margined type disc label, “ Int. S. Africa / 4319”, “3. Canthecona marmorata,”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010592164 ”; Fig. 8 K–L; NHMUK 0 10592164. SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona annulipes Dallas, 1851; syntype ♀; labels: blue-margined syntype disc label, “Int. Africa / 4319”, “ Canthecona figurata Walker’s catal.”, “a”, “ NHMUK 010747805 ”; Fig. 8 M–N; NHMUK 0 10747805. SOUTH AFRICA • Canthecona miniatescens Stål, 1854; syntype ♀; labels: “Caffraria”, “ I. Vahlb ”, “ miniatescens Stål type.”, “Typus”, “NHRS-GULI 000027293”; Fig. 8D; examined by photo; NHRS- GULI 0 0 0 0 27293. Diagnosis Scutellum longer than wide, postfrenal lobe enlarged; humeral pronotal angles slightly emarginated; male abdomen with setose patches on segments V and VI, parameres triangular, without two distinct lobes. Redescription BODY. Elongate oval, with variable colour patterns from yellowish and brownish with yellow or red stripes (Fig. 8D, H, L, N) to purple, green and blue metallic uniform colours (Fig. 8 B–C, F, J, P). HEAD. Subrectangular, wider than long, punctured; mandibular plates equal or slightly longer than clypeus, with margin varying from straight to sinuous; antenna bearing thin setae, denser on third, fourth and fifth antennomeres, proportion of lengths of antennomeres: IV> V> II> III> I; labium robust, reaching metasternum; proportion of lengths of labiomeres: II> I> IV> III. THORAX. Pronotum hexagonal, densely punctured, twice or more as wide as long, cicatrices flat; anterior margin concave; lateral margins strongly sinuous, crenulated on anterior half (Fig. 9), humeral angle slightly emarginated, anterior humeral portion varying from convex (Fig. 9A, C) to acute or spinose (Fig. 9B, D). Scutellum longer than wide, densely punctured. Corium longer than scutellum, usually not surpassing connexival segment V, densely punctured. MALE ABDOMEN. Setose patches present on male abdominal segments V and VI (Fig. 8C); parameres uniramous, triangular. Male MEASUREMENTS (n = 5). Head length 1.69 ± 0.08 (1.61–1.76); width 1.90 ± 0.12 (1.76–2.10); pronotum length 2.83 ± 0.30 (2.41–3.22); width 5.70 ± 0.46 (5.32–6.45); scutellum length 3.51 ± 0.29 (3.14– 3.95); width 3.33 ± 0.28 (3.06–3.79); length of antennomeres: I 0.30 ± 0.04 (0.26–0.34), II 1.08 ± 0.11 (0.93–1.24), III 1.06 ± 0.10 (0.93–1.16), IV 1.26 ± 0.11 (1.12–1.39), V 1.22 ± 0.09 (1.12–1.31); length of labiomeres: I 0.93 ± 0.12 (0.79–1.12), II 1.06 ± 0.09 (0.94–1.09), III 0.80 ± 0.09 (0.67–0.94), IV 0.83 ± 0.08 (0.71–0.94); length of abdomen 4.67 ± 0.46 (4.03–5.24); width 4.83 ± 0.40 (4.43–5.48); total length 10.03 ± 0.52 (9.35–10.64). GENITALIA. Genital plates cylindrical (Fig. 10A, C–D, F, I, gp). Parameres long, uniramous, head elongated triangular, dorsally directed, extended beyond pygophore (Fig. 10 A–H, par). Phallus. Basal theca and thecal shield subequal in length (Fig. 10 L–R, bt, ts). Vesica subtriangular in dorsal view (Fig. 10 P–R, v), golf club-shaped in lateral view, with apex obtuse and a central, strongly elevated portion covered by microsculptures (Fig. 10 L–O, v, m), this central portion broad, rectangular in lateral view, cylindrical in dorsal view; ductus seminis uniform (Fig. 10 L–R, ds), dorsally directed. Apices of conjunctival lobes globose, endowed with a set of small sculptured processes (Fig. 10L, N, O, cl, sp). Female MEASUREMENTS (n = 5). Head length 2.12 ± 0.19 (1.83–2.28); width 2.12 ± 0.12 (1.91–2.21); pronotum length 3.17 ± 0.20 (2.82–3.30); width 6.94 ± 0.31 (6.45–7.25); scutellum length 4.43 ± 0.39 (3.79–4.75); width 4.06 ± 0.34 (3.46–4.35); lengths of antennomeres: I 0.38 ± 0.04 (0.34–0.45), II 1.30 ± 0.15 (1.12–1.42), III 1.17 ± 0.14 (0.93–1.31), IV 1.50 ± 0.19 (1.16–1.61), V 1.37 ± 0.15 (1.12–1.50); lengths of labiomeres: I 1.04 ± 0.07 (0.94–1.12), II 1.27 ± 0.15 (1.01–1.38), III 0.93 ± 0.09 (0.78–1.01), IV 0.94 ± 0.11 (0.75–1.05); length of abdomen 6.17 ± 0.34 (5.64–6.45); width 6.27 ± 0.42 (5.64–6.61); total length 11.96 ± 0.83 (10.80–13.06). GENITALIA. Gonocoxites VIII slightly wider than long, posterior margins sinuous (Fig. 11 A–B, gcVIII). Median and inner duct of vesicular area of uniform diameter (Fig. 11 C–D, md, id). Distribution South Africa (Germar 1838), Senegal (Guérin-Méneville 1844), Sierra Leone (Dallas 1851), Guinea (Stål 1864), Equatorial Guinea [as Fernando Po] (Stål 1870), Ghana (Reuter 1882), Mozambique (Gerstaecker 1892), Zimbabwe [as Mashonaland] (Distant 1898), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Distant 1901), Equatorial Guinea [as Fernando Po] (Stål 1870), Ghana (Reuter 1882), Mozambique (Gerstaecker 1892), Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic [as Haute-Sangha], Eritrea, Ethiopia [as Abyssinia], Gabon, Ivory Coast [as Grand Bassam], Nigeria [as Benue Niger], Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania [as Usambara and Kilimanjaro] (Schouteden 1905a), Kenya [as Leitokitok] (Schouteden 1910), Mali [as Koulikoro] (Vuillet & Vuillet 1911), Guinea-Bissau (Schouteden 1913b), Namibia [as Damaraland, Otjiwarongo and Tsumeb] (Hesse 1925), Uganda (Carpenter 1926), Somalia (Mancini 1937), Cape Verde Islands (Lindberg 1958 or 1959?), Chad (Couilloud 1989), Yemen (Linnavuori 1989), Angola, Botswana, Gambia, Liberia (Thomas 1994), Malawi (Sileshi et al. 2000), Zambia (Sileshi et al. 2001), Republic of Djibouti, Togo (Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004), Republic of the Congo [as Haut Oubangui?] (Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004; also in Robertson 2009 as “ Congo Brazz.”), Niger (Robertson 2009; in error?), Canary Islands (new record) (Table 1, Fig. 1). Remarks Intraspecific variability in the colour and general morphology has been demonstrated for A. (Afrius) purpureus (e.g., Linnavuori 1989; Schouteden 1905a; Van Heerden 1931; Villiers 1952b) as well as for other pentatomids, such as Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (e.g., Freeman 1940; Kiritani 1970; Ohno & Alam 1992; Vivan & Panizzi 2002; More et al. 2017) and Stiretrus decemguttatus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1828) (Paleari 2013) for colour pattern, and Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1781) for variation in the pronotum, reported by Zhao et al. (2013). Besides, we could not find any connection between the polymorphism and the geographic distribution of A. (Afrius) purpureus, i.e., specimens that we have examined, despite different colour patterns and pronotum shapes, are sympatric. The localities where they were collected are denoted by the green dots on Fig. 1. There has been considerable difference of opinion regarding the name used for this species, i.e., either yolofa /- us, purpurea /- us or figurata /- us and, sometimes, the latter used as a variety or subspecies of the second one (see review of the taxonomic history of the species above). Dallas (1851) was the first to synonymize figuratus and yolofa; he stated the date of publication of Pentatoma yolofa as 1830, while Stål (1864) stated it as 1829. Subsequent authors (including Stål 1870) accepted 1838 as the year of publication for yolofa and therefore they recognized either figuratus or purpureus as the valid name, Wallengren (1875) may have been the last author to use yolofa (misspelled as Ylofa) as a valid name while Larousse (1890) gave a brief description of it under the genus Canthecona (strangely, this entry first mentions that the type species of Canthecona is from Senegal and thereafter describes C. yolofa, as though implying it were the type species; the type species of Canthecona Amyot & Serville, 1843 is, however, C. discolor (Palisot de Beauvois, 1811), described from the Kingdom of Oware, now Southwest Nigeria). Dupuis (1952) demonstrated the priority of Pentatoma yolofa Guérin-Ménéville, 1831 over Pentatoma purpurea Westwood, 1837 and Asopus figuratus Germar, 1838. Thomas (1994) adopted the combination suggested by Dupuis (1952), Afrius yolofus. This was, as well, used by subsequent authors (Maldès & Pluot-Sigwalt 2004; Rebagliati et al. 2005; Kerisew 2011). Some others (Sileshi et al. 2001, 2004; Kerzhner et al. 2004; Rider 2006; Robertson 2009; Matesco et al. 2014), however, chose the combination Afrius yolofa, while others again still used purpureus and/or figuratus after 1952 (e.g., Mancini 1953; Villiers 1954, 1956; Leston 1954; Lindberg 1958; Schouteden 1963, 1964; Gillon 1972; Linnavuori 1975, 1976, 1982; Bourdouxhe & Jolivet 1981; Nuamah 1982; Matanmi & Hassan 1987; Balsbaugh 1988; Couilloud 1989; Quicke et al. 1992; Schaefer 1996; Tchibozo & Braet 2004; Poutouli et al. 2011; Agboton et al. 2014; Crétenet & Gourlot 2015) and yet others treated figuratus as a variety or a subspecies of purpureus (Schouteden 1905a, 1907a; Kirkaldy 1909; Schouteden 1909; Mancini 1937; Le Pelley 1959; Linnavuori 1989). Others still have used two or three combinations in the same work, possibly because they were reporting facts from primary sources, using the names as they were in the sources, and were not aware that the species were the same (Le Pelley 1959; Schaefer 1996). The different combinations used for one and the same species clearly are the results of a few misconceptions: when and how yolofa, figuratus and purpureus were synonymized, the problematic dating of yolofa and figuratus and the status of yolofa as an adjective or a noun in apposition., Published as part of Roell, Talita, Lemaître, Valérie A. & Webb, Michael D., 2019, Revision of the African shieldbug genus Afrius Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae), pp. 1-44 in European Journal of Taxonomy 520 on pages 25-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.520, http://zenodo.org/record/2650382, {"references": ["Westwood J. O. 1837. A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of Rev. F. W. Hope, M. 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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between polypharmacy and delirium, the association of specific drug categories with delirium, and the differences in drug-delirium association between medical and surgical units and according to dementia diagnosis. Methods Data were collected during 2 waves of Delirium Day, a multicenter delirium prevalence study including patients (aged 65 years or older) admitted to acute and long-term care wards in Italy (2015-2016); in this study, only patients enrolled in acute hospital wards were selected (n = 4,133). Delirium was assessed according to score on the 4 "A's" Test. Prescriptions were classified by main drug categories; polypharmacy was defined as a prescription of drugs from 5 or more classes. Results Of 4,133 participants, 969 (23.4%) had delirium. The general prevalence of polypharmacy was higher in patients with delirium (67.6% vs 63.0%, P = .009) but varied according to clinical settings. After adjustment for confounders, polypharmacy was associated with delirium only in patients admitted to surgical units (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.1). Insulin, antibiotics, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, and atypical antidepressants were associated with delirium, whereas statins and angiotensin receptor blockers exhibited an inverse association. A stronger association was seen between typical and atypical antipsychotics and delirium in subjects free from dementia compared to individuals with dementia (typical: OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 2.94-6.31 without dementia vs OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19-2.26 with dementia; atypical: OR = 5.32; 95% CI, 3.44-8.22 without dementia vs OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.40 with dementia). The absence of antipsychotics among the prescribed drugs was inversely associated with delirium in the whole sample and in both of the hospital settings, but only in patients without dementia. Conclusions Polypharmacy is significantly associated with delirium only in surgical units, raising the issue of the relevance of medication review in different clinical settings. Specific drug classes are associated with delirium depending on the clinical setting and dementia diagnosis, suggesting the need to further explore this relationship.

Coptochilus ferrugineus Amyot & Serville Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 8a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed laterally (Fig. 8b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface with cylindrical microsculptures (Fig. 8c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium covering most of ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer marginof metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 8d) and with several minute sensilla (Fig. 8e); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny and connected to each other by few lateral expansions (Fig. 8f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 7, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Chelyschema trinotata (Walker) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 7a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme reduced, directed laterally (Fig. 7b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface smooth (Fig. 7c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium covering most of ostiolarplateandreachingbetweencoxalcavities, outermargin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with several minute sensilla (Fig. 7d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 7e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 6, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Agonosoma flavolineata Laporte Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 3a); ostiole elliptical, oriented ventrolaterally, visible inlateral view; lateraland posterior marginsof ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme groove-shaped, long, directed posterolaterally and apically curved anteriorly, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 3b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface covered with smooth, flap-like microsculptures (Fig. 3c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium covering most of the ostiolar plate and reachingbetweencoxal cavities, outermarginof metapleural evaporatorium convex and elevated; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with several minute sensilla (Fig. 3d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; metapleural marginof spiraclewithseveral setae; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 3e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 4, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Chelycoris haglundi (Montandon) Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 6a); ostiole round, oriented ventrally, not visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritremespoutshaped, directed posterolaterally, elevated and parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 6b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface covered with ridged, scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 6c). Evaporatoriumwelldevelopedon meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium covering most of ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium straight and elevated; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron, reaching posterolateral angle of mesopleuron but not extending on mesopleural lateral margin; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 6d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle wide; metapleural marginof spiraclewith setae; processesof thefiltersystemof conical, processes spiny (Fig. 6e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 6, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G., Grazia, J. (2016): Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae). Zoomorphology 136: 1-16, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y

Ascanius hirtipes (Herrich-Schäffer) Ostiole in the middle of on metapleuron (Fig. 4a); ostiole elliptical, oriented ventrolaterally, not visible in lateral view; posterior margin of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed posterolaterally, elevated and parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 4b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface covered with scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 4c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium covering most of the ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer marginof metapleural evaporatorium concave; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 4d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 4e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 5, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Misippus spinolae (Signoret) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 15a); ostiole round, oriented laterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate leveled with remaining of metapleuron; peritreme obsolete (Fig. 15b), median furrow obsolete. Evaporatorium poorly developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium surrounding ostiole, along the metapleural margin of spiracle, and reaching between coxal cavities; on mesopleuron, developed on mesepimeron along the spiracular margin and not reaching lateral margin of mesopleuron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 15c); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes smooth and connected to each other by lateral expansions (Fig. 15e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 10, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Tetyra antillarum Kirkaldy Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 22a); ostiole elliptic, oriented posterolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed laterally (Fig. 22b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface reticulate, with elevated ridges (Fig. 22c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer marginof metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with minute sensilla (Fig. 22d) and punctate (Fig. 22e); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 22f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 13, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Orsilochides variabilis (Herrich-Schäffer) Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 16a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed laterally (Fig. 16b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface reticulate, with elevated ridges (Fig. 16c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium concave; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 16d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 16f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 10, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Pachycoris torridus (Scopoli) Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 17a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed laterally (Fig. 17b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface with disorganized, elevated ridges (Fig. 17c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 17d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 17f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 11, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Diolcus irroratus (Fabricius) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 10a); ostiole round, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral margin of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme reduced, directed laterally (Fig. 10b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface with cylindrical microsculptures (Fig. 10c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with several minute sensilla (Fig. 10d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle narrow; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter and conical, processes smooth (Fig. 10e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 8, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Acantholomidea porosa (Germar) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 2a); ostiole elliptical, oriented ventrally, not visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate leveled with remaining of metapleuron; peritreme small, directed posterolaterally, elevated from surrounding pleuron (Fig. 2b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface covered with rugose, scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 2c). Evaporatorium poorly developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium surrounding ostiole and peritreme and along the metapleural margin of spiracle, but not reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium sigmoid; on mesopleuron, developedonmesepimeronalongthespiracular margin and on lateral margin of mesopleuron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 2d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae.Metathoracicspiracle narrow; processesof the filter system of irregular diameter, processes spiny and connected to each other by lateral expansions (Fig. 2e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 4, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Polytes lineolatus (Dallas) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 18a); ostiole round, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme obsolete (Fig. 18b), median furrow obsolete. Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outermargin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with minute sensilla (Fig. 18c); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 18d)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 11, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Tiridates rubrocinctus (Herrich-Schäffer) Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 23a); ostiole round, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate leveled with remaining of metapleuron; peritreme spout-shaped, directed laterally (Fig. 23b), median furrow developed basally; peritremal surface with spike-like microsculptures (Fig. 23c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer marginof metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 23d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle narrow; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 23e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 13, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Galeacius martini Schouteden Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 12a); ostiole round, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme groove-shaped, directed laterally and apically curved anteriorly, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 12b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface with rugose, scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 12c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 12d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; metapleural marginof spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 12e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 8, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Symphylus ramivitta Walker Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 21a); ostiole round, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme directed laterally, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 21b), median furrow developed basally; peritremal surface with scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 21c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium deeply punctate (Fig. 21a, d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny and connected to each other by lateral expansions (Fig. 21e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 13, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Crathis ansata (Distant) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 9a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral margin of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme ruga-shaped, directed laterally reaching anterolateral margin of ostiolar plate (Fig. 9b), median furrow developed basally; peritremal surface with scattered, spike-like microsculptures and minute sensilla (Fig. 9c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium straight; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium with several minute sensilla (Fig. 9d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 9e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 7, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Lobothyreus lobatus (Westwood) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 14a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme ruga-shaped, directed laterally reaching the anterolateralmarginof the ostiolar plate (Fig. 14b), median furrow developed basally; peritremal surface with rugose, scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 14c). Evaporatorium well developedonmeso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 14e); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 14f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 10, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Camirus moestus (Stål) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 5a); ostiole guttiform, oriented ventrally, not visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate leveled with remaining of metapleuron; peritreme small, elevated from surrounding pleuron, directed posterolaterally (Fig. 5b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface covered with conical, scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 5c). Evaporatorium poorly developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium surrounding ostiole and peritremeand along the metapleural margin of spiracle, and reaching between coxal cavities, outermarginof metapleural evaporatorium sigmoid; on mesopleuron, developed on mesepimeron along the spiracular margin and on lateral margin of mesopleuron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 5d), punctures bearing long seta; mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny and connected to each other by few lateral expansions (Fig. 5e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 5, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Stethaulax marmorata (Say) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 20a); ostiole elliptic, oriented ventrolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral margin of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme groove-shaped, directed laterally and apically curved anteriorly, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 20b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface with scale-like microsculptures (Fig. 20c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 20d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 20e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 12, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Homaemus aeneifrons (Say) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 13a); ostiole elliptic, oriented ventrally, not visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate leveled with remaining of metapleuron; peritreme groove-shaped, golf-club-like, directed laterally and apically curved anteriorly, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 13b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface smooth with spike-like microsculptures along the median furrow (Fig. 13c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and tapered toward coxal cavities, outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium convex; on mesopleuron, reduced on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 13d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracicspiracle narrow; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, some bifurcate apically, processes spiny (Fig. 13e). Schaefer (1972) reports that Homaemus aeneifrons has a large evaporatorium and a poorly developed peritreme. However, we conclude that his observations are based on misidentified specimens, as all Homaemus species have a well-developed clavate peritremal groove., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 9, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721, {"references":["Schaefer CW (1972) Degree of metathoracic scent-gland development in the Trichophorous Heteroptera (Hemiptera). Ann Entomol Soc Am 65: 810 - 821"]}

Dystus puberulus Stål Ostioleinthemiddleof metapleuron (Fig. 11a); ostiole elliptic, oriented posterolaterally, visible in lateral view; lateral and posterior margins of ostiolar plate elevated; peritreme spout-shaped, directed anterolaterally (Fig. 11b), median furrow obsolete; peritremal surface reticulate, with elevated ridges (Fig. 11c). Evaporatoriumwelldevelopedon meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and reaching between coxal cavities, outer marginof metapleural evaporatorium straight; on mesopleuron, well developed on mesepimeron; evaporatorium punctate (Fig. 11d) and bearing setae (Fig. 11e); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with several trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle wide; processes of the filter system of regular diameter, processes spiny (Fig. 11f)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 8, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Sphyrocoris obliquus (Germar) Ostiole closer to metacoxal cavity than to lateral margin of metapleuron (Fig. 19a); ostiole elliptic, oriented ventrolaterally, not visible in lateral view; peritreme grooveshaped, smoking-pipe-like, directed laterally and apically ample and curved anteriorly, parallel to surrounding pleuron (Fig. 19b), median furrow well developed; peritremal surface smooth with spike-like microsculptures and setae along the median furrow (Fig. 19c). Evaporatorium well developed on meso- and metapleuron; on metapleuron, evaporatorium completely covering ostiolar plate and tapered toward coxal cavities; reduced on mesopleuron; evaporatorium punctate and setose (Fig. 19d); mushroom bodies irregular, alveoli with few trabeculae. Metathoracic spiracle narrow; metapleural margin of spiracle with several setae; processes of the filter system of irregular diameter, some bifurcate apically, processes spiny (Fig. 19e)., Published as part of Weiler, L., Barão, K. R., Cassis, G. & Grazia, J., 2016, Morphology of the external scent efferent system of Neotropical shield bugs (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae: Pachycorinae), pp. 1-16 in Zoomorphology 136 on page 12, DOI: 10.1007/s00435-016-0330-y, http://zenodo.org/record/3636721

Neodymantis grisea (Jensen-Haarup, 1931), comb. nov. Dymantis grisea Jensen-Haarup, 1931: 329 (original description, comparison to D. plana). Syntypes: ♂♀, Guinea, coll. Krieger (ZMUC). Note. Jensen-Haarup (1931) based the description on at least two specimens (♂♀) but he also wrote: ‘Antennae strongly mutilated in type specimen’. We do not consider that statement as holotype designation. Dymantis grisea: Schouteden (1963): 398 (record); Schouteden (1964): 93 (record); Gillon (1972 a): 269, 271, 273, 278, 281, 290, 298, 319– 320 (redescription, key to adults, key to larvae, morphology, egg, larva I–V, figures); Gillon (1972 b): 380, 387, 390, 392, 395–397, 399, 401, 404– 409, Figs 5, 10 B (ecology, figures); Gillon (1974 a): 218, 233, 235, 246– 249, 252– 255, 257 –260, 263, 266, 267, 269– 280, 282–283, 290 –291, 293, 296– 299, Fig. 7 (ecology); Gillon (1974 b): 48 –50, 53– 56 (ecology); Pollet (1974): 337, 338, 353 (ecology); Gillon (1978): 92, 95, 98–100, 102 – 103, 105 –109, 113, 117– 118, 120– 123, 143 –144, 149, 152– 157, 162–163, 166 – 168, 172–173, 183 – 185 (ecology); Linnavuori (1982): 66, 68–69 (redescription, key to genera, figures, records); Nuamah (1982): 11 –12 (karyotype, record); Kerzhner et al. (2004): 20 (karyotype); Gapon & Ribes (2005): 62 –66 (morphology of male and female genitalia, taxonomy, figures); Rebagliati et al. (2005): 202 (karyotype); Robertson (2009): 276 (catalogue, distribution). Distribution. Angola (Linnavuori 1982), Burkina Faso (Linnavuori 1982), Ghana (Linnavuori 1982, Nuamah 1982), Guinea (Jensen-Haarup 1931), Ivory Coast (Schouteden 1963, 1964; Gillon 1972 a, b, 1974 a, b; Linnavuori 1982), Nigeria (Linnavuori 1982)., Published as part of Kment, Petr & Rider, David A., 2015, On the synonymy of Dymantis Stål, 1861 and Eomyrochea Linnavuori, 1982 and resulting nomenclatural changes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), pp. 278-286 in Zootaxa 4058 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/235206, {"references":["Jensen-Haarup, A. C. (1931) Hemipterological notes and descriptions VI. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 17 (5), 319 - 336.","Schouteden, H. (1963) Pentatomides de la Cote d'Ivoire. - I. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 68, 397 - 402.","Schouteden, H. (1964) Pentatomides de la Cote d'Ivoire. - II. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 70, 92 - 95.","Gillon, D. (1972 a) Les Hemipteres Pentatomides d'une savane preforestiere de Cote-d'Ivoire. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, Serie E (Ecologie), 5 (1), 265 - 371.","Gillon, D. (1972 b) The effect of bush fire on the principal pentatomid bugs (Hemiptera) of an Ivory Coast Savanna. Proceedings Annual Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, 11, 377 - 417.","Gillon, D. (1974 a) Etude biologique des especes d'Hemipteres Pentatomides d'une savane preforestiere de Cote-d'Ivoire. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, Serie E (Ecologie), 7 (1), 213 - 304.","Gillon, D. (1974 b) Les peuplements de Pentatomides (Hemipteres) de la savane de Lamto. Bulletin de Liaison des Chercheurs de Lamto, Numero Special, 1974 (Fascicule III), 43 - 57.","Pollet, A. (1974) Contribution a l'etude des peuplements d'insectes d'une lisiere entre savane et foret galerie Eburneennes. II. - Donnees ecologiques sur les principales especes constitutives de quelques grands groupes taxonomiques. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, Serie E (Ecologie), 7 (1), 315 - 358.","Gillon, D. (1978) Action des facteurs du milieu sur les populations d'Hemipteres Pentatomides de la savane preforestiere de Lamto (Cote-D'Ivoire). Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, Serie E (Ecologie), 9 [1976], 87 - 190.","Linnavuori, R. E. (1982) Pentatomidae and Acanthosomatidae (Heteroptera) of Nigeria and the Ivory Coast, with remarks on species of the adjacent countries in West and Central Africa. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 163, 1 - 176.","Nuamah, K. A. (1982) Karyotypes of some Ghanaian shield-bugs and the higher systematics of the Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Insect Science and its Application, 3 (1), 9 - 28.","Kerzhner, I. M., Kuznetsova, V. G. & Rider, D. A. (2004) Karyotypes of Pentatomoidea additional to those published by Ueshima, 1979 (Heteroptera). Zoosystematica Rossica, 13 (1), 17 - 21.","Gapon, D. A. & Baena, M. (2005) On the status, synonymy and tribal position of Phaeocoris Jakovlev, 1887 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 14, 61 - 68.","Rebagliati, P. J., Mola, L. M., Papeschi, A. G. & Grazia, J. (2005) Cytogenetic studies in Pentatomidae (Heteroptera): A review. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43 (3), 199 - 213. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2005.00312. x","Robertson, I. A. D. (2009) The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Sub-Saharan Africa. A database. PDF-file prepared at African Studies Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands, vii + 451 pp. Available from: http: // www. ascleiden. nl"]}