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The effects of electronic media communication (EMC) and social media on young people’s health and well-being remain under debate, with no conclusive evidence on the connection between the two. By using data on 1,843 early adolescents aged 12–17 years provided by the Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models and by measuring the intensity of EMC instead of the time spent on social media, the study finds that early adolescents tend to experience greater feelings of well-being with a higher intensity of EMC. However, this relationship is conditional. A negative perceptual body image acts as a moderator of the relationship between the intensity of EMC and well-being, whereas the positive relationship between EMC disappears under the condition of a negative body image. These findings provide nuance to the debates on the ways in which EMC affects young people. The effects of electronic media communication (EMC) and social media on young people’s health and well-being remain under debate, with no conclusive evidence on the connection between the two. By using data on 1,843 early adolescents aged 12–17 years provided by the Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models and by measuring the intensity of EMC instead of the time spent on social media, the study finds that early adolescents tend to experience greater feelings of well-being with a higher intensity of EMC. However, this relationship is conditional. A negative perceptual body image acts as a moderator of the relationship between the intensity of EMC and well-being, whereas the positive relationship between EMC disappears under the condition of a negative body image. These findings provide nuance to the debates on the ways in which EMC affects young people.

The government gives society Fe tablets as a way to handle anemia in Indonesia. The low obedience to consume Fe table is the cause of this program that is not effective enough from the government. The research aim is to know the correlated between knowledge, teachers' support, parents' support, health workers' support and self-efficacy on teenage girls’ obedience to consume Fe tablets. The research was an observational study by using a cross-sectional design for 191 students who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Collecting data used questioners that have been tested for validity and reliability. Then, the data were analyzed by using chi-square test and mann withney. The results of the analysis showed that the majority of teenage girls have good knowledge of the importance to consume Fe tablets, namely (52.4%), teachers support (68.8%), parents support (56.0%), health workers support (60.2%), positive self-efficacy (59.2%) and level of compliance with consuming Fe tablets 25% (1 tablet/month) (73.8%). The results of statistical analysis of teenage girls’ as factors in consuming Fe tablets are as follows: a knowledge factor (p-value 0.033), teachers support (p-value 0.008), parents support (p-value 0.011), health workers support (p-value 0.004) and self-efficacy (p-value 0.000). There was a correlated between knowledge, teachers' support, parents' support, health workers' and self-efficacy on teenage girls’ obedience to consume Fe tablets. The suggestions for midwives or other health workers by increasing cooperation to monitor and route outreach to each school either through printed media such as leaflets, books or other more creative electronic media.

Electronic media, particularly television (TV), remains an important tool which can contribute positively in achieving women’s empowerment (WE) in developing countries. In Pakistan, TV morning shows are highly popular among women viewers particularly in urban areas and have emerged as a powerful tool to influence WE. Cognizant of this, the present study attempted empirically to investigate the influence of TV morning shows on urban women's empowerment, using a mixed method approach—a combination of qualitative and quantitative tools. In 2018, the study collected qualitative data from 66 episodes of five leading TV morning shows, and quantitative data from 260 women in Lahore—a metropolitan city of Pakistan. Findings revealed that TV morning shows presented the content on WE, and invited women celebrities to portray their success stories to inspire women viewers. Multidimensional assessment of WE showed that only 33% of surveyed women were empowered. It was also found that there was a need of improvement in women’s control over resources, their mobility and participation in household level decision making. Regression analysis showed that TV morning shows related variables—women’s intensity of watching morning shows, their interest in morning shows’ content on WE and their interest in watching women celebrities in morning shows had positive influence on WE and its dimensions at different levels of statistical significance. Based on findings, the study has suggested some key recommendations for TV channels to support the national efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality and WE.

Information retrieval is the backbone of an information-serving institution. There is predominant use of printed media in Indian judiciary, as public outreach of the electronic media is still negli...

Images play an essential function in the electronic media to share information. Nowadays, each event is going to be recorded in the arrangement of digital images. Text from the image file won't be in a format on the computer. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for English vocabulary is well constructed. Currently, there's a requirement of OCR for Indian languages to maintain historical documents composed mainly in Indian languages to arrange publications in the library and for program form processing. OCR for the Telugu language is challenging as consonants and vowels plays a vital role in forming words along with vattus and gunithas. It may be a mixture of vowels and consonants that may form a compound character. This paper presents research on methods utilized in the OCR method for the Telugu Language until today.

Globalization and rapid developments in science and technology lead to an increase in competition and diffraction in the objectives in the production methods. In order to meet the rapidly changing and differentiated needs, manufacturing businesses are left against technological renewal. Especially usage of the data that is collected in electronic media and the ease of access to information forces businesses to review computer systems on point of production management. Visualization of the data analyzed in the databases is a suitable solution in the decision-making processes of the manufacturing companies. In this context, the dashboard is seen as a good support tool especially for the manufacturing businesses, at a fast and accurate decision-making point. This article represents a new model approach to accumulated analysis and its sharing for the manufacturing businesses by using the artificial immune system and data mining techniques under the title of the dashboard. In the model, data is increased and handled with clonal selection algorithm. In the analysis stage, the data is clustered with k-means algorithm. The data are visualized by calculating the weighted average and the performance indicators. The visuals that have been obtained will be shared with an app which supports the decision makers with the dashboard rules. Our approach provides a new approaching model to unite, analyze and visualize the collections of data.

Żądania „Solidarności” wobec władz komunistycznych dotyczące wolności słowa w radiu i telewizji. Formujący się na początku lat 80. Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność” od pierwszych momentów swojej działalności walczył o wolność mediów, likwidację monopolu władz komunistycznych w radiofonii i telewizji, dopuszczenie do głosu niezależnych środowisk. Rozpoczynał tuż przed wybuchem stanu wojennego od żądań dostępu do radia i telewizji dla siebie oraz dla wszystkich środowisk odgrywających istotną rolę w życiu publicznym kraju. W czasie obrad Okrągłego Stołu opozycjoniści domagali się likwidacji Komitetu do spraw Radia i Telewizji oraz stworzenia systemu mediów poddanego kontroli społecznej. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań polegających na analizie głównie materiałów źródłowych (oficjalnych dokumentów, doniesień prasowych) wytworzonych w 80. latach, a odnoszących się do poglądów i żądań przedstawicieli „Solidarności” dotyczących pluralizmu w mediach elektronicznych.

Energy-saving behaviors are defined as the daily and habitual practices of households that focus on specific reductions in energy use. The main objective of this research was to estimate the impact of the energy-saving behavior of individuals on energy demand and to estimate the impact of factors affections the adoption of energy-saving techniques. The study is based on primary data which is collected through questionnaires. The data were collected from rural and urban households in four tehsils of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The Ordinary Least Square technique was to describe the relationship between electricity consumption and different explanatory variables such as gender, age, region, family members, dwelling area, income, energy consumption awareness, external influencing factors, and household saving behavior. Job status is negative and significant, qualification variable in this study is insignificant, marital status is negatively associated with energy consumption and significant, size of a household has a significant effect on the model. The monthly income of the household head has a positive and significant effect. Energy consumption awareness is significantly negative. External influencing factors are insignificant. Saving behavior in electronic appliances is significantly negative to energy consumption. Government should put efforts to aware the public about energy-saving measures through an awareness campaign using electronic media like mobile and email. Energy-saving appliances should be a sale at cheap prices. The household should have to change its habitual behavior.

Empowering women is an important worldwide development problem. It has different forms over time and space but is tightly associated with economic, social, cultural, family or interpersonal fields. As in many other countries, Pakistan has signed various international statements to empower women, yet Pakistani women also suffer from a high level of discrimination and are economically dependent. Academic material on the empowerment of women worldwide and in Pakistan is also available. Media has the power to reach a big audience through mass communications and is regarded as the most important instrument of society in modern times. While the media, on the other hand, have particular tasks to carry out to improve society as the fatal pillar of our democracy. It can play an effective part in communicating knowledge to society by empowering women via the education of society. The researchers have used cultivation theory as a theoretical framework and have conducted a quantitative survey to collect the data.

The purpose of this study is to determine the problems that arise in the use of electronic media for the promotion of notaries according to the notary code of ethics. The research method used is that this type of research is juridical normative, which refers to the norms of written law, either as outlined in the form of regulations or in the form of literature. The approach used is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The analysis is descriptive qualitative, which collects and selects legal material according to the problem under study, then describes it so that it produces a picture or conclusion that matches the actual situation so that it is able to answer all existing problems. The results show that the existence of a promotion prohibition for notaries is based on the fact that a notary as a position that provides services to the community requires the trust of the people it serves, and the notary's existence is not for the personal benefit of the person appointed, so that the notary must uphold the nobility of his dignity. In promotions that are informative and reminders, it is permissible to, among others, provide information and knowledge about legal issues; case review of legal problems in the world of notary; examples of notary deeds.

Real-estate advertisements through electronic and print media are bringing considerable fortune to the global real-estate sector. However, innovative advertisement methods must be adopted if real estate aims to transform into smart real estate. The current study, which is based on a systematic literature review of 58 articles published in the last decade, identifies key media for real-estate advertisements as print media (e.g., magazines, brochures, newspapers, and digests), electronic media (e.g., websites, social media, and other digital tools), and mixed methods (e.g., billboards, signs and banners, and personalized messaging). This study takes the case of Kingsford suburb in the eastern Sydney area, and investigates the performance of the Australian real-estate industry in general and lists the key dynamics of properties in Kingsford and its prominent real-estate agencies. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based smart real-estate advertisement material delivery system is proposed to deliver advertisement materials and gifts to the potential customers of these agencies. The system paths are optimized through four Java-run algorithms: greedy, interroute, intraroute, and Tabu. Results based on six cases, three each for rent and sales with varying numbers of customers and UAVs and an 8-h operating time, indicate that the Tabu algorithm provides the best-optimized paths in all cases, followed by the interroute, intraroute, and greedy algorithms. However, the inter- and intraroute algorithms show superior performance in terms of computation speed. The proposed framework is a practical approach in disrupting the real-estate advertising sector, thereby helping this sector transform into a smart real estate consistent with industry 4.0 goals.

The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize prior research on the relationship between adolescents’ perceived subjective and descriptive drinking norms and their drinking intention and behaviors. Four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane, and Sociological Abstracts) were searched to identify relevant articles. Thirty-one peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. The results highlight that adolescents’ perceived drinking norms derived from their parents and peers, such as approving or disapproving attitudes, significantly influence adolescents’ drinking intention and behaviors. Moreover, pro-drinking messages, advertisements, and postings from electronic media (i.e., TV, movies, and the Internet) and online social networks (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) shape adolescents’ drinking intention and encourage adolescents to initiate alcohol consumption early and/or escalate their drinking. Thus, future interventions should focus on subjective drinking norms that stem from interpersonal relationships in combination with perceived descriptive drinking norms derived from various media exposure.

Purpose This mixed-methods study aimed to examine the conversation techniques used by parents of young children with hearing loss (HL) during dinnertime at home. Parents' usage rates of open- and closed-ended language elicitation, reformulation, imitation, directives, and explicit vocabulary instruction were examined in relation to children's receptive vocabulary and basic-concepts skills. Method Twenty-minute dinnertime segments were extracted from naturalistic, daylong recordings of 37 preschoolers with HL who used listening and spoken language. The segments were hand-coded for parents' use of conversation techniques. Children's receptive vocabulary and basic concepts were assessed using standardized measures. Results Parents' use of conversation techniques varied widely, with closed-ended elicitation and directives used most frequently during dinner. Explicit vocabulary instruction was correlated with general receptive vocabulary and basic-concepts skills. Thematic analysis of the conversations revealed common themes, including concrete topics and sibling speakers. In addition, parents who used many techniques often introduced abstract conversation topics; electronic media was present in all conversations with few techniques. Conclusions Parents of preschoolers with HL may benefit from specific coaching to elicit language and introduce new vocabulary during home routines. These techniques may help develop their children's receptive language.

Based on the 2018 Survey on Adolescent Reproductive Health (SKKR) conducted by the Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) as many as 29.5% of young men and 6.2% of young women have touched or stimulated their partners. As many as 48.1% of teenage boys and 29.3% of teenage girls have kissed their lips. It is during this period that a person can easily fall into social deviations, especially deviations of free sex. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of electronic media on sexual behavior in early teens in Junior High School in Tasikmalaya. The research was correlation study with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were the 180 students in a Junior High School in Tasikmalaya. A total sampling technique was used, together with a questionnaire about electronic media usage and sexual behavior. The Chi Square test was used to analyze the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results showed that there is a moderate correlation between electronic media and sexual behavior among adolescents Tasikmalaya in 2019 with a p-value of 0,000 with r= 0.425. Schools should increase supervision of their students, especially in the use of electronic media Keywords: electronic media, sexual behavior, teenagers

PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate reading format preference of undergraduate students with regard to various categories of information sources and use of social media information sources for academic and non-academic activities.Design/methodology/approachAn exhaustive literature review was carried out in a very well organised way using total 56 publications which include 48 research papers, four conference papers, two books and two reports, which were selected for analysis on the basis of prescribed data schema and adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria matching with the research objectives of the study.FindingsUndergraduate students preferred text books in print format for passing the exams, and use of search engines and Internet sites were rated as the most crucial source for the academic information. In particular, Wikipedia, YouTube and Blogs were the most frequently used social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic activities. However, Facebook and Twitter were most prominently used for social interaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of the study was restricted to the homogenous group of users, i.e. undergraduate students to examine their choices and preferences for their academic and non-academic activities. Further research studies may be conducted covering the more diverse and heterogeneous user group of postgraduate students and research scholars of different disciplines.Originality/valueGenerally, many previous research studies depicted users' preference for print and electronic media format without paying special attention on the usage of a variety of information sources by user groups. However, the present study is a value addition to the existing literature which emphasised the use of various categories of information sources, particularly by undergraduate students in print and digital format for different purposes in the digital environment. A major shift from the use of print media to digital media to social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic and non-academic activities.

This examination intends to decide: (1) The degree of self-adequacy of undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya, (2) The degree of enterprising expectations of undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya, (3) The impact of self-viability on undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya. The number of population in this examination is the undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya. The testing system utilizes Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling and acquired an example of 167 undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya. The instrument preliminary utilized master judgment and proceeded with preliminaries on 30 undergraduate management study programs in Surabaya. Validity test in this research utilizes the Product Moment connection method from Pearson. Unwavering quality test utilizing the Cronbach Alpha. Information gathering utilizes a survey that is dispersed straightforwardly and through electronic media. The investigation essential testing incorporates typicality test and linearity test. The information investigation method utilized is straightforward relapse to test theories.

This review summarizes the state of knowledge of use of new media on the development in early childhood in 6 sections: descriptive utilization data, psychosocial and emotional development, cognition and language, motor development, nutrition and sleep, and influence of parental media consumption.The review is based on a literature search of this topic in peer-reviewed journals. We included 87 articles, books, and book chapters. The used literature data bases were ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX.Manifold studies describe in young children's utilization data the pervasive nature of digital exposure and impressive usage times and availability. They confirm adverse influences of electronic media use (television, video games) on children's emotional and behavioral problems and well-being, e. g. on physical activity, sleep and obesity. In general a positive effect in sense of knowledge transfer of age could be found for high quality educational media, however predominantly the impact of media use at younger age was negative.High frequent media use in early childhood is likely to have a negative impact on psychosocial development, positive effects such as knowledge transfer may be seen beyond the age of 18 months. As parental media use is a strong predictor of child media habits, reducing parental media use and enhancing parent-child interactions might be important areas to address when trying to change the media behavior of young children. In view of the scarcity of studies for early childhood, it is advisable to use digital play and communication devices cautiously and restrictively in this vulnerable development phase.Dieses Review fasst den aktuellen Wissensstand zum Gebrauch neuer Medien in der frühen Kindheit für 6 Bereiche zusammen: Deskriptive Gebrauchsdaten, psychosoziale und emotionale Entwicklung, Kognition und Sprache, motorische Entwicklung, Ernährung und Schlaf, Einfluss des elterlichen Medienkonsums.Das Review basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche in peer reviewed Zeitschriften. Insgesamt wurden 87 Artikel, Bücher und Buchkapitel eingeschlossen. Durchsucht wurden die Literaturdatenbänke ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO und PSYNDEX.Die Studien dokumentieren die Allgegenwärtigkeit der Mediennutzung im frühen Lebensalter und weisen eindrucksvolle Nutzungszeiten und Verfügbarkeiten auf. Sie bestätigen ungünstige Einflüsse der elektronischen Medien (Fernseher, Videospiele) auf emotionale und Verhaltensprobleme und auf das Wohlergehen der Kinder, wie z. B. körperliche Aktivität, Schlaf und Übergewicht. Es konnten auch positive Einflüsse von pädagogisch hochwertigen Medien identifiziert werden. Jedoch überwiegen die negativen Effekte der Mediennutzung im jungen Alter deutlich.Ein hoher Medienkonsum in der frühen Kindheit hat negative Auswirkungen auf die psychosoziale Entwicklung, wohingegen positive Effekte wie bspw. Wissenstransfer erst ab einem Alter von 18 Monaten beobachtet werden können. Eine reduzierte Nutzung seitens der Eltern und eine verbesserte Eltern-Kind Interaktion sind wichtige Bereiche für eine Veränderung der kindlichen Mediennutzung. Wegen des Mangels an Studien ist es ratsam digitale Spiel- und Kommunikationsgeräte nur mit Vorsicht zu nutzen.

Purpose: to find out what factors cause lecturers and students to adopt and refuse to adopt Google Classroom as a means of E-Learning at the Yogyakarta Nahdlatul Ulama University.Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted using a qualitative approach to get the meaning of a phenomenon. The Innovation Diffusion Theory is used as the basis for this research to find out how the role of Google Classroom as a means of E-Learning and how the suitability of Google Classroom as a means of E-Learning at Nahdlatul Ulama University Yogyakarta.Findings/result: the factors of adoption consisted of synchronizing the students and lecturers’ email with Google, integrating other Google features, making an efficiency of fund, time and place, finding an alternative way for e-learning, evaluating the facilities, filling the teaching and learning process, communicating between the lecturers and students, and knowing the lateness of submitting assignment. Besides, there were some factors of rejection such as the limited ownership of electronic media, limited knowledge, Internet connection, and no attendance facilityOriginality/value/state of the art: The factors of lecturers and students are adopt and refuse to adopt Google Classroom as a means of E-Learning at Nahdlatul Ulama University Yogyakarta.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a health emergency as a vaccine for it has not been found yet requiring the government to seriously manage it Therefore, the government needs to effectively implement non-pharmaceutical measures One of the measures to suppress the spread of the virus is public communication The government's public communication in dealing with COVID-19 has faced problems resulted in low public discipline and awareness thus far This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive statistics analysis The analysis does not generalize the result but it can explain the characteristics of the sample to formulate the meaning of the result The findings show that the public communication management of the government of Indonesia has not been effective because the dissemination of public information is diverse and inconsistent This is because the government gives freedom to various media to provide information to the public, which creates a gap in the management of COVID-19 in Indonesia and results in low public discipline and awareness (mean value 2,97) Therefore, it is difficult for the government to deal with and manage health emergencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic Research has shown that the government must provide the public with consistent and valid information (mean value 3,51), monitor and supervise mass and electronic media, and use social media and online media to provide valid information from the government and disseminate positive and educative information to the public (mean value 4,06) © Achmad Herman, 2021

For media organizations, the clarion call for more diversity in newsrooms to report and cover the complexities of racial inequality and unrest in the nation dates back more than 50 years. The Kerner Commission Report of 1968 challenged newsrooms to do more than the right thing in terms of hiring so that newsrooms reflect the diversity in their communities. This invited essay explores the progress made and the opportunities yet to be explored in today’s electronic media. The author makes the case for diversity, equity and inclusion as an essential part of any organization trying innovate, grow and retain audiences.

The transformation of technological orientation and crowdfunding as innovative concepts combined with cutting-edge digital tools provides the foundation for outstanding fundraising success. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between technology orientation (TO) and crowdfunding performance. Additionally, this research also investigates how crowdfunding digital platform mediates and innovation strategy moderates in the linkage between crowdfunding performance and technology orientation. Data were collected through a questionnaire on the basis of cross-sectional research design. Structural econometric models for direct and indirect analyses were conducted to test hypotheses. The results confirmed the direct positive impact of technology orientation on crowdfunding performance. Moreover, the findings prove the mediating role of a crowdfunding digital platform and moderating role of innovation strategy between technology orientation and crowdfunding performance. Fundraisers are required to give attention to technology orientation for the acceptance and adoption of the latest advancements in technology. They must consider digital platforms for fundraising and pay proper attention to innovation strategy for achieving the needed crowdfunding performance. This research discusses how return base crowdfunding performance occurs; in future, other researchers may provide evidence on donations/charity campaign base crowdfunding. This is the first study in the context of digital transformation that explored the nexus of technology orientation, crowdfunding digital platform and innovation strategy for attaining crowdfunding performance.

This research is a preliminary study regarding the teacher's description of learning, student learning motivation, students' creative thinking skills, and the need for developing electronic comic learning media based on integrated problem based learning Islamic values at SMPN 3 Watumalang. This research uses a descriptive method. This study's subjects were 44 students of class VIII and teachers of science subjects at SMPN 3 Watumalang. The research was conducted from October to November 2020. The data collection instruments were questionnaires, interview guidelines, and creative thinking skills test questions. The results of interviews with students indicated that the students' intrinsic motivation was still low. The ability to think creatively is still lacking, with a percentage of 42.8%. In the elaboration indicator, most students answered correctly, while in the originality indicator, students were less careful in answering, and only 14.3% of students could answer correctly. Based on the questionnaire analysis results, electronic comic learning media based on problem based learning integrated Islamic values as an alternative media for learning media on vibrations, waves, and sounds in everyday life are needed for development with a percentage of 64%. The use of electronic comics is expected to increase student motivation and creative thinking skills.

Media berbasis elektronik atau yang sering disebut dengan e-modul adalah media pembelajaran yang menyajikan visualisasi yang dapat diakses melalui media elektronik. Sejauh ini E-modul sudah banyak dikembangkan dengan beberapa metode. Tenaga pendidik juga harus menguasai perkembangan media pembelajaran yang nantinya akan membantu proses belajar dan mengajar yang efektif dan mencapai kompetensi mata elajaran. Simulasi digital merupakan mata pelajaran C2 atau mata elajaran wajib di kelas X SMK. E-modul ini akan diterapkan dimata pelajaran simulasi digital dengan berbagai metode pengembangkan media pembelajaran. Hasil yang diperoleh antara lain yaitu tentang bagaimana keefektifan penggunaan E-modul yang diterapkan di SMK khususnya pada mata pelajaran simulasi digital yang dilaporkan sangat baik. Penggunaan E-modul berdampak positif terhadap hasil belajar siswa dan memperoleh respon siswa yang tinggi

In the modern era, the cyberbullying (CB) is an intentional and aggressive action of an individual or a group against a victim via electronic media. The consequence of CB is increasing alarmingly, affecting the victim either physically or psychologically. This allows the use of automated detection tools, but research on such automated tools is limited due to poor datasets or elimination of wide features during the CB detection. In this paper, an integrated model is proposed that combines both the feature extraction engine and classification engine from the input raw text datasets from a social media engine. The feature extraction engine extracts the psychological features, user comments, and the context into consideration for CB detection. The classification engine using artificial neural network (ANN) classifies the results, and it is provided with an evaluation system that either rewards or penalizes the classified output. The evaluation is carried out using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) that improves the performance of classification. The simulation is carried out to validate the efficacy of the ANN-DRL model against various metrics that include accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure. The results of the simulation show that the ANN-DRL has higher classification results than conventional machine learning classifiers.

This investigation analyses the media treatment of COVID-19 in main Argentinian digital media. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reconfigured the economic and social life, jointly with the centrality of the media system and the thematic composition of the media agendas. The demand of information during the outbreak enhanced the role of digital media as reliable sources. In specific terms, this work aims to investigate: 1) the evolution of the media agendas during the social isolation period; 2) the information sources deployment; and 3) the differential standing obtained by different actors in the media treatment. To this goal, a quantitative content analysis was developed of the most relevant news items in Infobae, Clarín, La Nación and Página/12 between March 20 and October 18, 2020 (n=4,240). Results show the existence of similar thematic agendas and a homogeneous presence of state sources in media with different editorial positions. Furthermore, there is partisan and polarized coverage, which is evident in the differential standing attributed to the official and opposition state sources in the analyzed media. The media treatment of the pandemic, over an extensive period, followed a cycle of over-information, polarization and misinformation that was detrimental to public debate quality El presente trabajo analiza el tratamiento noticioso de la COVID-19 en los principales medios digitales de la Argentina. La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 reconfiguró, junto con las relaciones económicas y sociales, la centralidad del sistema mediático y la composición temática de sus agendas. La necesidad de información de calidad en tiempo real potenció el rol de los medios digitales como fuentes confiables. En términos específicos se pretende investigar: 1) la composición temática de las agendas informativas durante el período de aislamiento social; 2) el uso de las fuentes de información; y 3) el nivel de crédito diferencial que obtuvieron los actores en el tratamiento informativo. Con ese objetivo, se desarrolló un análisis de las noticias más relevantes de las agendas digitales de Infobae, Página/12, La Nación, y Clarín, entre marzo y octubre de 2020 (n=4.240). Los resultados evidencian la existencia de agendas temáticas similares y una presencia homogénea de fuentes oficiales en medios con diferentes líneas editoriales. Además, se advierte una cobertura partisana y polarizada que se pone de manifiesto en el crédito diferencial que adquieren en los medios los puntos de vista desplegados por las fuentes estatales oficialistas y opositoras. El tratamiento informativo de la pandemia, a lo largo de un período extenso, siguió un ciclo de sobreinformación, polarización y desinformación, lesivo para la calidad del debate público. Fil: Zunino, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina

The role of instructors in face to face and online instruction has few things in common but many things in contrast. Other than the strong foundation of knowledge, traditional classroom teachers have more responsibilities like adaptability, motivating and encouraging active participation, listening to students, enhance collaboration with other students, etc. Traditional classroom teachers create a new society and an active learning environment for the students inside the classroom whereas the role of online instructors is contravening and never-ending. In online instruction designing a course, content delivery, activities, assignments, and examination are done in the absence of students. The flexibility in online learning, though communication is done through electronic media to an extent, considerably reduces the interaction between the teachers and learners and makes either of them to work in isolation. This paper discusses the advantages, disadvantages, and other aspects of face to face and online learning

Background. Children’s sleep problems are associated with temperament. One of the dimensions of temperament – higher emotional reactivity – is defined as a risk factor for children’s emotional, behavioral, and sleep problems. Screen-based media use is a very common phenomenon among children that relates to sleep problems. Still there is a gap of research explaining the interactions between children’s sleep problems, temperament, and parental discipline (sleep regime and rules for screen-based media use). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relations between preschool children’s sleep problems and parents’ discipline (sleep regime and rules for screen-based media use), and the role of children’s emotional reactivity. Methods. This research is a part of the longitudinal study “Electronic Media Use and Young Children’s Health” conducted in the year 2017–2018 and funded by the Research Council of Lithuanian (agreement no. GER-006/2017). Participants are 876 children aged 2 to 5 years old and their parents. Children’s sleep problems and emotional reactivity were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1½-5). Information about rules for screen-based media use and sleep regime was obtained using the parent-report questionnaire. Results. Sleep problems are related to emotional reactivity, sleep regime, and rules for screen media use. Children without regular sleep regime and without constant rules for screen-based media use have higher sleep problems and emotional reactivity. The results of the regression analysis show that emotional reactivity, together with sleep regime and rules for screen-based media use, significantly explain one-fifth to one-third of children’s sleep problems at different ages of the preschool period. However, the prognostic value of emotional reactivity and parental discipline varies according to a child’s age, as they are significant predictors of sleep problems among two, three and four-year-olds, but no longer explain sleep problems of five-year-olds. The path analysis confirmed that emotional reactivity, directly and through mediating variables, e.g., parental reported child’s sleep regime and rules for screen-based media use, is significantly associated with children’s sleep problems. Conclusions. Emotional reactivity should be considered as a significant risk factor in the relation between children’s sleep problems, sleep regime and parental applied rules for screen-based media use. These results are important while identifying children at higher risk for sleep problems. The results also support that parental discipline, such as sleep regime and rules for screen-based media use, are significant for preventing sleep problems in children with higher emotional reactivity.

Dídia B Cury,1,2 Loyná E Flores Paez,1 Ana C Micheletti,3 Sabrina T Reis4 1Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Scope Clinic, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; 2Center for Crohn’s and Colitis, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 3Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; 4Laboratory of Medical Investigation 55 (LIM55) – Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, BrazilCorrespondence: Dídia B CuryInflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Scope Clinic, Maracaju Street 1148, Campo Grande, MS, 79002-212, BrazilTel +55 67 3325 6040Email didiacury@gmail.comIntroduction and Objectives: Patients with chronic illnesses, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may often consult the internet, which can cause anguish, fear, stress and anxiety. The aim of our study is to evaluate the use of the internet and its effects on patients with IBD.Patients and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative frequency analysis. We applied a questionnaire comprising questions about internet use, and the DASS21 questionnaire to analyze internet impact on patients’ stress and/or anxiety for 36 months.Results: A total of 104 patients were included over a period of 45 days (82% CD, 18% UC). The mean age was 41.3 years (± 15.9 years). Internet use was more frequent in patients with a mean age of 39.5 years (± 14.4 years), with the highest frequencies found in the age group of 26– 36 years. Internet use were related to: 72.6% general information about the disease, 87.3% symptom information (42.1% once a week, 27.4% never, 18.8% once a month, 10.5% daily, and 3.2% twice a day). The most visited search engine was Google 63.7% and the most visited sites were: patient group sites 16.7%, health sites 16.2% medical sites 12.8%.Conclusion: The internet is often a resource utilized by patients with IBD and although these patients sought to obtain more information about their disease and their symptoms. The internet was not a factor influencing anxiety and stress for these patients.Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease, electronic media, internet, Brazil

Fraud case of using electronic media often occur in Indonesia at the moment. This illustrates that the community is remain very vulnerable in carrying out activities related to the electronic media. For this reason, it is necessary to undertake a research regarding to criminal offenses using electronic means, especially against criminal fraud. This obsolutely obtains an attention to investigate about legal policies of fraud through electronic media, and criminal penalty of fraud perpetrators through Electronic Media. This study aims to find out about the criminal sanctions of fraud perpetrators through electronic media and to find out the legal policies of criminal acts of fraud through electronic media. This research used the Normative research method. Fraud in Indonesia as regulated in article 378 of the Criminal Code, while fraud by spreading false news which harms consumers in electronic transactions through online or electronic media is regulated in article 28 Paragraph (1) of the Information and Electronic Transaction Act. The spread of hoaxes is equated with acts of deception in the real world as stipulated in article 378 of the Criminal Code. Fraud criminal penalty through electronic media may be subject to multiple articles against a criminal act that fulfills the elements of a criminal offense as regulated in article 378 of the Criminal Code and meets the elements of a criminal act article 28 paragraph (1) of the Information and Electronic Transaction Act.

When developing any information system, an extremely important stage of its life cycle is the design or modeling stage. Among the existing approaches to the design of information systems, such as, for example, the “classic” development of UML diagrams using a unified modeling language, the model-oriented systems engineering approach, focused on building models, is gaining popularity. Purpose of the study. Consider modeling a system for monitoring and analyzing electronic media information using the methods of model-oriented system engineering. Research methods and tools. It is proposed to use the toolkit of the system-oriented design methodology, focused on the creation and use of models of different degrees of detail at different stages of design. The application of models of hierarchical decomposition of entities is presented on the example of typical essential characteristics of artificial systems: requirements for the system, system functions, system components (subsystems), work on creating a system. A regular method for constructing and consistently expanding architectural models of products is described, on the basis of which models of hierarchical taxonomy of functional requirements for the system, key functions, and components of the system core are built. Based on hierarchical taxonomy models, a model for matching requirements and functions and a model for matching functions and system components are built. Results. The developed models clearly show the relationship of system components, requirements, functions and modules with each other. The approach used makes it possible to detail the presentation of the system based on its decomposition into subsystems and on the basis of taking into account the essential characteristics. All this makes it possible to streamline the sequence of stages of creating a system and decompose them into separate stages of work. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the conducted research make it possible to proceed to the next stage of the life cycle of the information system being developed – its software development.

Women are an integral part of our society; they have to play diverse role to contribute in economy. Harmonious growth and development of any nation is possible only when women are equally participating in the development process with men. However, in most of the developing countries, the socio-economic status of women is very low. In this paper, we provide a literature review to compared the working and non-working women in household decision-making, using secondary data. We find out that woman’s decisions making power is clearly related to the context in which she lives. It is observed that decisions made by working and educated women get greater substance than the decisions taken by non-working and less educated women. However, Urban and employed women have greater awareness about their rights than rural and illiterate women. In the previous studies, most women are deprived of economic and educational roles opportunities and decision-making. Decision-making of women is controversially as low as the roles and responsibilities of each sector while their male counterparts have relatively high decision-making. Furthermore, we find out that electronic media is also playing an important role behind the women empowerment, since it provides information to women about the world issues, which encourages their self-confidence and motivates them to participate in household matters.

The purpose of this research was to determine the relevance of the media in the prevention, education and contextual management of COVID-19. Methodology: descriptive non-experimental transectional research. An international survey validated by experts was applied, surveying 1082 people during a month. The countries with the highest participation were Peru, Colombia, Mexico, the United States and Russia. The data was processed using SPSS version 25. 64.7% of the respondents affirmed that the means were decisive in preventing the pandemic; 59.1% recognized the importance of the media for awareness and prevention of the pandemic, and 64% valued the importance of the media for the contextual management of the pandemic; demonstrating a significant relationship between the variables. Contributions: the need for strategic, prudent, ethical and socially responsible communication that benefits citizens in a pandemic situation is highlighted. Keywords: Mass media; communication; electronic media; social networks; education; prevention

The influence of globalization with the support of information technology is a double-edged sword. on the one hand, we cannot deny the benefits and threats it brings on the other. Thus, these benefits are also called positive effects and threats are called negative effects. The positive influence that can be felt by Information Technology is an increase in speed, accuracy and convenience. It provides efficiency in various fields, especially in terms of time, energy and costs. For example, the manifestation of Information Technology that is easily seen around us is email where sending a letter only takes a short time. Information technology is also utilized in the field of economic activities such as E-banking, E-commerce, e-shopping and many more. Meanwhile, the negative impact that may arise as a result of information technology is pornography, while the economic aspect of globalization is the opening of free markets that allow foreign products to enter easily. The large number of foreign products and the addition of relatively cheaper prices can reduce the attractiveness of domestic products. This is a big challenge for SMEs in business competition. Financial fraud and embezzlement through electronic media are also rife so it is necessary to learn how to do business online. With this background, there is a need for guidance on how to deal with developments in information technology. As many as 93% of the responses from the community stated that they were very good and useful.

With the proliferation of technology and technological resources, there has been much debate about screen time and how the use of electronic media might affect children. Parents are often left without clear ideas of how best to guide their children’s use of these tools.

This study explored the objectification of women in Pakistani advertisements of print and electronic media. The objectification and presentation of women in the advertisements of the western world has been extensively studied but this area lacks research in Pakistan. Semiotic analysis was used as the research tool in order to explore how multiple meanings and beliefs are built in a society by advertising sex. In this research, five advertisements from different Pakistani TV channels and newspapers were selected as sample. These commercials were selected because they presented women in a specific way. For analysis, Barthian semiotic analysis on two levels of significance, that is, the denotative and connotative levels, was employed. The findings of this paper revealed that advertisements in Pakistan focus on the physical appearance and depiction of women body.

Tourism is a major foreign exchange earner in Kenya contributing to 10% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Whereas Kenyan government strives to boost its GDP through improved arrivals, lack of effective tourism marketing strategies hinders growth in tourist arrivals in Kenya. To advertise and market the untold wealth of tourist destinations, the government utilizes campaigns through print and electronic media, which are expensive and limited in updating. This study addresses the gap by designing a web Geographic Information System (GIS) portal for marketing and promotion of tourism. To realize this a multimedia GIS database was created using PostgreSQL/PostGIS software to store spatial and multimedia tourism data, while itinerary planning tools were designed using Dijkstra algorithm and Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) approach. The result was a web GIS portal interface containing tourist information enhanced with text and/or video/audio descriptions. Facebook advertisement was used to popularize the tourism products available in Kenya through visitor engagements as well as directing traffic to the portal fast and inexpensively.

The social pervasiveness of character-building education should be fiercely done for averting the deficiency of religion and nation values. There is evidence of the diminishing supreme moral values that can be witnessed from both printed and electronic media and even from the direct experience in society. Related to this, the implementation of supreme moral values is supposed to be effective through education. From that context, this study is regarded as important as one effort to integrate the academic realm with the supreme character values that are obtainable in a typical Islamic boarding campus. For the first year, this study purposes to (1) Observe the implementation of the character-building education in the State University of Surabaya (Unesa) and UIN Maliki Malang Islamic Boarding Campus; (2) setting up the draft of the model of the character building education based on Islamic boarding campus. In this study, the observation and interview are applied in collecting the data. The data is analyzed by creating the qualitative narrative about the application of the character building education in the State University of Surabaya (Unesa) and UIN Maliki Malang Ma’had/pesantren (Islamic boarding) Campus, followed by setting up the draft of the model of the character building education based on Islamic boarding campus. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the implementation of character building education in the State University of Surabaya (Unesa) and UIN Maliki Malang have their own trait and uniqueness; (2) the design of the model of the character building education has been arranged that can be used to be implemented in public campuses, such as Unesa.

The research article investigates the role of the news media and specifically electronic media since 2005, which has emerged as a strong force in Pakistan in the past decade and, under certain circumstances, shapes public policymaking in Pakistan. Media across the world is seen as a tool to shape public narratives and influence policymakers in crafting policies that adhere to the interest and welfare of the general public. Electronic media has emerged as a powerful medium of communication in Pakistan, even though its political decision-making role has mainly been ignored. The independence of electronic media in Pakistan is highly debatable; the emergence of private news channels has a relatively short span of age. Before the emergence of a broad spectrum of electronic media channels, a single state-owned news channel existed, and information flow was highly controlled. The influx of news channels made the news media landscape in Pakistan highly vibrant from 2005 onwards. During the Musharraf regime in Pakistan, the mushroom growth of electronic channels was witnessed, which made media the fourth pillar of the state. During the same rule, electronic media in Pakistan started influencing public policies and narratives and saw sanctions imposed by the same ruler. In Pakistan, electronic media played a more significant role in influencing public opinion, policies, and views that compel policymakers to draft policies accordingly. The public was made aware of their rights as citizens and reacted to government policies and current political happenings. Interestingly not just in Pakistan, but the international academia as well has not paid much attention to the media's influence on public policymaking. There is limited scholarly literature available as not much focus has been given to how media influences policymaking. This research article using a Foucauldian lens on "power-knowledge" will specifically examine how certain media groups in Pakistan have impacted policymaking and have played a significant role in major political happenings, which have directly impacted Pakistan's public policies.