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Radionuclide dacryography (RND) has the following indications: 1. Localisation of obstructions in the lacrimal drainage system. 2. Judgement of relative tear obstruction. 3. Pre- and post-operative control of the function of lacrimal drainage in surgical and radiotherapy of the inner canthus region. 4. Investigations of tear secretion are described and own preliminary results are discussed. 5. Resorption of suitable marker substances clinically. First results of conjunctival resorption of pertechnetate are reported. 6. The possibility of testing in vivo radioactive drug delivery systems is shown by means of own investigations. 7. The absorbed radiation dose using RND is very low as compared to radiological methods, thus justifying repeated controls and investigations even in children.

Androgen binding was investigated in the cytosol of brains from neonatal normal and tfm rats using sucrose gradient and charcoal assay. The neonatal normal rat brain contains androgen receptors which sediment at 8S in a sucrose gradient at low ionic strength and at 4S in the presence of 0.5M KC1. These receptors have a high affinity (Kd = 1.2 X 10(-9)M) for dihydrotestosterone (DHT), with a binding capacity of 7.3 X 10(-15) moles/mg cytosol protein. By contrast, there is very little, if any, high affinity androgen receptors in the neonatal tfm rat brain. Apparently, metabolism of testosterone does not affect androgen binding in the neonatal rat brain. The presence of these receptors and the occurrence of aromatization in the brain of neonatal rats are discussed in relation to their possible roles in sexual differentiation of the brain.

149 patients with acute (n = 75) myocardial infarction and 74 post-infarctions, angiographically confirmed, were investigated by 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy and subsequent radionuclide ventriculography. Quantitative evaluation of the scintigram showed 201T1 storage defects in 92% in the acute stage in 79% in the later stage. The sensitivity of identification of the posterior wall infarction was consistently markedly less than for anterior wall infarctions and could not be increased by additional application of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate. By the combined application of myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography the functional effects of the infarction can be described non-invasively.

Report is given on three cases of dacryolithiasis. All cases were demonstrated by dacryocystography. Two dacryoliths were obtained at operation, another one by spontaneous passage through the nose. Histopathological examination of the dacryoliths in two cases revealed the presence of a mycotic infection, most likely with Candida albicans. The casts were found to be composed of layers of neutral and acid mucoproteids and lipids, accompanied by an infiltration with leucocytes.

Aside from imaging techniques several (radio-)immunological analyses are used for tumor diagnosis. Oncofetal antigens, for instance the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have become the most important substances for many malignancies. However, nearly all of the so-called tumor markers are not suitable for early diagnosis or screening either because of low sensitivity or low tumor specificity. On the other hand follow-up measurements give a very sensitive index of the success of treatment and may indicate tumor progression when other signs are still not present. In some carcinomas and under some clinical circumstances tumor specific markers are available and mandatory for detection and/or staging: AFP in hepatoma, acid phosphatase in metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate and serum thyreoglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer.

New-born calves, artificially fed colostrum or native colostral whey, either dried or preserved by another method, had good health and good weight gains (between 0.05 and 0.60 kg). No greater differences were observed between the groups of calves given three times the colostrum of their mothers, calves given mixed colostrum, and calves fed colostral whey powder. In all groups only individual differences in IgG content in the blood serum were observed after 48 hours from birth. Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurred in individual cases both in calves given small amounts of colostrum or colostral whey and in calves given sufficient quantities. The time that had elapsed from birth to the first drinking did not exert any greater influence upon the IgG level in the blood; the decisive factor was the amount of colostrum taken in by the calf in the first dose. The rate of the absorption of IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM from colostrum and the concentration of the immunoglobulins in the serum depended on the quantity of colostrum in the first dose and were not influenced to any greater degree by the amount of colostrum given to the calves in further doses. The amount of IgG in the blood serum of calves corresponded approximately to the level of colostral antibodies to the virus PI-3. The antibodies to the virus PI-3 and small quantities of IgG were observed also in the serum to new-born calves before drinking colostrum.

Lacrimal dacryoscintigraphy facilitates definite diagnosis of obstructions and stenosis of the lacrimal drainage system with little stress to the patient. Together with x-ray dacryocystography it is an important diagnostic tool especially for pre- and postoperative evaluation of the drainage apparatus. Dacryoscintigraphy is the best method for measuring the dynamics of tear drainage especially in the canaliculi. Although it is not a substitute for other methods in general use, it complements them and expands their diagnostic accuracy.

Of the wide range of radiopharmaceuticals which accumulate in acutely myocardial tissue and subsequently enable its scintigraphic detection compounds of 99mtechnetium phosphate have proven clinically practicable in numerous investigations. As opposed to the similarly non-invasive method of myocardial scintigraphy with ionic tracers (201thallium scintigraphy), infarct detection through positive delineation is possible, at the earliest, six to twelve hours faster the onset of pain and meaningful for those in whom the classical ECG and enzyme changes are equivocally diagnostic and for patients with delayed hospital admissions. After approximately one week the concentration of activity in the necrotic zone and, in turn, its detectability, declines. Persistent activity is indicative of extensive infarction and poor prognosis. The sensitivity of the infarct scintigram, which is primarily carried out with 99mTc-pyrophosphate or 99mTc-methylendiphosphonate, is about 86% with small and sudbendocardial infarcts more frequently eluding detection. The method corresponds with electrocardiographic assessment of localization. The combination with 201thallium scintigraphy is useful in differentiating remote from acute infarction and in detection of right ventricular involvement associated with inferior infarction. In spite of a good correlation between the experimentally-determined infarct weight and scintigraphic findings, clinical investigations employing conventional methods of measurement (scintillation camera) have not been able to yield an early and accurate quantification of the appearance may occur, for example, in unstable angina pectoris. Thus, a negative infarct scintigram carried out at the optimal time of uptake assumes its most useful role in ruling out acute myocardial infraction in the presence of otherwise equivocal clinical findings.

Assays of androgen-binding protein (ABP) were carried out on testes, and epididymal heads and tails. This strain of rat exhibits a heritable mutation physically manifested as unilateral or bilateral maldescended (ectopic) testes. When present, they are found immediately cranial to the external inguinal ring in the superficial connective tissue on the ventral body wall. Charcoal-extracted cytosols were preincubated with 16 nM tritiated 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone ( [3H] DHT) for 16-20 h at 4 degrees C and ABP was separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under steady-state conditions in the presence of 2 nM [3H] DHT. The gels were transversely cut into 2.1-mm thick slices and serially counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Binding of [3H] DHT to ABP was assumed to be 1:1 and the sum dpm of the ABP-containing slices corrected for background was expressed as pmol DHT bound/mg protein. Compared to normal male siblings, cytosol ABP levels on the ectopic side in unilateral ectopic rats were 78% and 93% lower than normal in epididymal heads and tails, respectively; whereas similar values for either side in bilateral ectopic rats were 88% and 99%. The above differences indicated in the cytosol ABP levels were significant at P less than 0.0001. On the other hand, in no case were differences in ABP levels in normal and ectopic testes in bilateral ectopic, unilateral ectopic and normal male rats significant. Also, epididymal heads and tails on the descended side of unilateral ectopic rats demonstrated no significant difference when compared to corresponding tissues in normal male siblings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

201Thallium scintigraphy serves as a non-invasive method for visualizing regional perfusion, viability and configuration of the myocardium. Serial scans performed after injection during ergometric exercise allow to differentiate between irreversible cell damage, i.e. myocardial infarction or scar, and transient, reversible ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease. ECG-gated blood pool scans are an ideal adjunct as they represent the functional results of the pathologically altered myocardium. This method permits quantitative determination of the enddiastolic volume, endsystolic volume and left ventricular ejection fraction. Furthermore, regional and global wall motion may be judged qualitatively. Results of both methods show an excellent correlation with those obtained by invasive catheterization and cineangiocardiography. The clinical value is based on screening and follow up of a broad variety of cardiac diseases.

The absorption of a vasoconstrictive substance labeled with 14C, after application as eye-drops, was studied in animal experiments. After iatrogenous obstruction of the lacrimal punctum with tissue adhesive, a maximum of 6% of the substance could be measured in the total blood volume after an exposure time of 60 min. High relative concentration of the drug could be found in cornea, conjunctiva, and iris, while the concentration in lens, vitreous body, and the rest of the eye was low. The results represent the maximum values of resorption. Additional studies, made by 99mTc-pertechnetate microscintigraphy of the lacrimal drainage apparatus of the rabbit were also performed. The transport of an eye-drop from cornea and conjunctiva to the nasal cavum was found to be very rapid. Therefore it seems to be of little value to carry out investigations on the absorption of eye-drops over long time periods without prior occlusion of the lacrimal punctum.

Dterminations of 75selenium radioactivity and pancreatic enzyme in duodenal aspirate were carried out in 50 patients after i. v. injection of selenomethionine-75Se. After standardized excitation of the pancreas with pancreozymin-secretin, a significant correlation (r = 0.654) between excreted 75Se radioactivity and trypsin production could be established. The test is suitable for the recording of exocrine pancreas function while avoiding expensive enzymatic methods. The combined use of pancreas scintigraphy--using the double radionuclide substraction technique-with the radioselenomethionine test (RSMT) provides comprehensive diagnostic information on the morphology and function of the pancreas.

Colostrum of cows immunized with a polyvalent vaccine against enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli gave good protection to piglets and calves against enteric coli infections. Bovine immunoglobulin (IgG1) and its precipitable fragments persisted in the small intestine of piglets for 6 hours after oral administration. The proteolytic breakdown of porcine colostral IgG2, which occurs predominantly in the small intestine proceeded at a higher rate than that of heterologous bovine colostral IgG1. Colostrum of cows immunized with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus by intramammary administration protected newborn piglets from virulent TGE virus on oral administration. The prevention of enteric coli infections in suckling piglets and calves in Czechoslovakia is based on vaccination of pregnant cows and sows and on additional passive protection of weanlings by oral administration of dried or liquid immune colostrum or serum of cows vaccinated with polyvalent vaccines prepared from enteropathogenic strains of E. Coli.

Whole brains and Nissl-stained serial sections of 3 species of kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis, D. ordii, D. merriami) were compared for interspecific differences. Neuroanatomical variations were conservative in nature. Examination of the cerebellum revealed possible differences in locomotion and ecology. Dipodomys ordii exhibited more neurological evidence for increased specialization of the hindlimbs, while D. merriami had the least differentiated cerebellar surface, thereby suggesting more stereotyped movements of the hindlimbs. Dipodomys spectabilis had abilities that lie somewhere between those of D. ordii and D. merriami. Stereological analysis demonstrated little difference in the percent of total brain volume comprising the telencephalon, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem; and it revealed the relative position of the cranial nerve nuclei.