299 results on '"D Dinesh"'
Search Results
252. Datura metel-synthesized silver nanoparticles magnify predation of dragonfly nymphs against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.
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Murugan K, Dinesh D, Kumar PJ, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Suresh U, Nicoletti M, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Higuchi A, Mehlhorn H, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Anopheles physiology, Datura metel metabolism, Humans, Insect Vectors physiology, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Larva physiology, Malaria transmission, Nanoparticles chemistry, Nymph drug effects, Nymph growth & development, Plant Extracts metabolism, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Leaves metabolism, Pupa drug effects, Pupa growth & development, Silver pharmacology, Anopheles drug effects, Datura metel chemistry, Insect Vectors drug effects, Nanoparticles metabolism, Odonata physiology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Silver metabolism
- Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The employ of synthetic insecticides to control Anopheles populations leads to high operational costs, non-target effects, and induced resistance. Recently, plant-borne compounds have been proposed for efficient and rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. However, their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has been poorly studied. In this study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the Datura metel leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was confirmed analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the clustered and irregular shapes of AgNPs, with a mean size of 40-60 nm. The presence of silver was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis investigated the identity of secondary metabolites, which may be acting as AgNP capping agents. In laboratory, LC50 of D. metel extract against Anopheles stephensi ranged from 34.693 ppm (I instar larvae) to 81.500 ppm (pupae). LC50 of AgNP ranged from 2.969 ppm (I instar larvae) to 6.755 ppm (pupae). Under standard laboratory conditions, the predation efficiency of Anax immaculifrons nymphs after 24 h was 75.5 % (II instar larvae) and 53.5 % (III instar larvae). In AgNP-contaminated environment, predation rates were boosted to 95.5 and 78 %, respectively. Our results documented that D. metel-synthesized AgNP might be employed at rather low doses to reduce larval populations of malaria vectors, without detrimental effects on behavioral traits of young instars of the dragonfly Anax immaculifrons.
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- 2015
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253. Eco-friendly control of malaria and arbovirus vectors using the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis and ultra-low dosages of Mimusops elengi-synthesized silver nanoparticles: towards an integrative approach?
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Subramaniam J, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Kovendan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Kumar PM, Dinesh D, Chandramohan B, Suresh U, Nicoletti M, Higuchi A, Hwang JS, Kumar S, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Messing RH, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Arbovirus Infections prevention & control, Cyprinodontiformes physiology, Female, Insect Vectors, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Malaria prevention & control, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Mimusops chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Predatory Behavior, Pupa drug effects, Aedes drug effects, Anopheles drug effects, Mosquito Control, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. However, the use of synthetic insecticides to control Culicidae may lead to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. Plant-borne compounds have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles. Their impact against biological control agents of mosquito larval populations has been poorly studied. We synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the aqueous leaf extract of Mimusops elengi as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of AgNP was studied using different biophysical methods, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, TEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR. Low doses of AgNP showed larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and the arbovirus vector Aedes albopictus. AgNP LC50 against A. stephensi ranged from 12.53 (I instar larvae) to 23.55 ppm (pupae); LC50 against A. albopictus ranged from 11.72 ppm (I) to 21.46 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of M. elengi extract and AgNP (10 × LC50) led to 100 % larval reduction after 72 h. In adulticidal experiments, AgNP showed LC50 of 13.7 ppm for A. stephensi and 14.7 ppm for A. albopictus. The predation efficiency of Gambusia affinis against A. stephensi and A. albopictus III instar larvae was 86.2 and 81.7 %, respectively. In AgNP-contaminated environments, predation was 93.7 and 88.6 %, respectively. This research demonstrates that M. elengi-synthesized AgNP may be employed at ultra-low doses to reduce larval populations of malaria and arbovirus vectors, without detrimental effects on predation rates of mosquito natural enemies, such as larvivorous fishes.
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- 2015
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254. Erratum to: Nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: bioactivity of Bruguiera cylindrica-synthesized nanoparticles against dengue virus DEN-2 (in vitro) and its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
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Murugan K, Dinesh D, Paulpandi M, Althbyani AD, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Wang L, Suresh U, Kumar PM, Mohan J, Rajaganesh R, Wei H, Kalimuthu K, Parajulee MN, Mehlhorn H, and Benelli G
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- 2015
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255. Nanoparticles in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases: bioactivity of Bruguiera cylindrica-synthesized nanoparticles against dengue virus DEN-2 (in vitro) and its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
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Murugan K, Dinesh D, Paulpandi M, Althbyani AD, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Wang L, Suresh U, Kumar PM, Mohan J, Rajaganesh R, Wei H, Kalimuthu K, Parajulee MN, Mehlhorn H, and Benelli G
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- Aedes virology, Animals, Antiviral Agents chemical synthesis, Dengue transmission, Humans, Insecticides chemical synthesis, Larva drug effects, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Silver chemistry, Aedes drug effects, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Dengue virology, Dengue Virus drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Rhizophoraceae chemistry, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects serving as the most important vectors for spreading human pathogens and parasites. Dengue is a viral disease mainly vectored through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Its transmission has recently increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. There is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention and control solely depend on effective vector control measures. Mangrove plants have been used in Indian traditional medicine for a wide array of purposes. In this research, we proposed a method for biosynthesis of antiviral and mosquitocidal silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the aqueous extract of Bruguiera cylindrica leaves. AgNP were characterized using a variety of biophysical analyses, including UV-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Bruguiera cilyndrica aqueous extract and green-synthesized AgNP were tested against the primary dengue vector Aedes aegypti. AgNP were the most effective. LC50 values ranged from 8.93 ppm (larva I) to 30.69 ppm (pupa). In vitro experiments showed that 30 μg/ml of AgNP significantly inhibited the production of dengue viral envelope (E) protein in vero cells and downregulated the expression of dengue viral E gene. Concerning nontarget effects, we observed that the predation efficiency of Carassius auratus against A. aegypti was not affected by exposure at sublethal doses of AgNP. Predation in the control was 71.81 % (larva II) and 50.43 % (larva III), while in an AgNP-treated environment, predation was boosted to 90.25 and 76.81 %, respectively. Overall, this study highlights the concrete potential of green-synthesized AgNP in the fight against dengue virus. Furthermore, B. cylindrica-synthesized AgNP can be employed at low doses to reduce larval and pupal population of A. aegypti, without detrimental effects of predation rates of mosquito predators, such as C. auratus.
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- 2015
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256. Seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an eco-friendly tool in the fight against Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi?
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Murugan K, Samidoss CM, Panneerselvam C, Higuchi A, Roni M, Suresh U, Chandramohan B, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Rajaganesh R, Alarfaj AA, Nicoletti M, Kumar S, Wei H, Canale A, Mehlhorn H, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Anopheles parasitology, Female, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Malaria parasitology, Malaria transmission, Male, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles toxicity, Plasmodium falciparum physiology, Pupa drug effects, Seaweed chemistry, Silver chemistry, Silver pharmacology, Ulva chemistry, X-Ray Diffraction, Anopheles drug effects, Insecticides metabolism, Seaweed metabolism, Silver metabolism, Ulva metabolism
- Abstract
Malaria, the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million people each year. Eco-friendly control tools against malaria vectors are urgently needed. This research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The U. lactuca extract and the green-synthesized AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. In mosquitocidal assays, LC50 values of U. lactuca extract against A. stephensi larvae and pupae were 18.365 ppm (I instar), 23.948 ppm (II), 29.701 ppm (III), 37.517 ppm (IV), and 43.012 ppm (pupae). LC50 values of AgNP against A. stephensi were 2.111 ppm (I), 3.090 ppm (II), 4.629 ppm (III), 5.261 ppm (IV), and 6.860 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against mosquito adults showed that U. lactuca coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (66, 51, and 41%, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of U. lactuca extract and U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of U. lactuca were 57.26 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 66.36 μg/ml (CQ-r); U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP IC50 values were 76.33 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 79.13 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted out that U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP may be employed to develop newer and safer agents for malaria control.
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- 2015
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257. Biosynthesis, mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Toddalia asiatica-synthesized silver nanoparticles: do they impact predation of guppy Poecilia reticulata against the filariasis mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus?
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Murugan K, Venus JS, Panneerselvam C, Bedini S, Conti B, Nicoletti M, Sarkar SK, Hwang JS, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Kumar PM, Dinesh D, Suresh U, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Larva drug effects, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts metabolism, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Poecilia, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Culex drug effects, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides metabolism, Insecticides pharmacology, Nanoparticles chemistry, Nanoparticles metabolism, Predatory Behavior drug effects, Rutaceae chemistry, Silver chemistry, Silver metabolism, Silver pharmacology
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Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, pathogens and parasites polluting water also constitute a severe plague for populations of developing countries. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgN) were biosynthesized a cheap aqueous extract of T. asiatica leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent. The formation of nanoparticle was confirmed by surface Plasmon resonance band illustrated in UV-vis spectrophotometer. AgN were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses. AgN were mostly spherical in shape, crystalline in nature, with face-centered cubic geometry, and their mean size was 25-30 nm. T. asiatica aqueous extract and green-synthesized AgN showed excellent larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against the filariasis vector Culex quinqufasciatus, both in laboratory and field experiments. AgN LC50 ranged from 16.48 (I instar larvae) to 31.83 ppm (pupae). T. asiatica-synthesized were also highly effective in inhibiting growth of Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. Lastly, we evaluated if sublethal doses of nanoparticles affect predation rates of fishes, Poecilia reticulata, against C. quinquefasciatus. In AgN-contaminated environment, predation of guppies against mosquito larvae was slightly higher over normal laboratory conditions. Overall, this study highlighted that T. asiatica-synthesized AgN are easy to produce, stable over time, and may be employed at low dosages to reduce populations of filariasis vectors, without detrimental effects on predation rates of mosquito natural enemies.
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- 2015
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258. Characterization and biotoxicity of Hypnea musciformis-synthesized silver nanoparticles as potential eco-friendly control tool against Aedes aegypti and Plutella xylostella.
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Roni M, Murugan K, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Nicoletti M, Madhiyazhagan P, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Khater HF, Wei H, Canale A, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Higuchi A, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Rhodophyta chemistry, Seaweed chemistry, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, X-Ray Diffraction, Aedes drug effects, Biological Control Agents pharmacology, Lepidoptera drug effects, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Silver chemistry, Toxins, Biological pharmacology
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Two of the most important challenges facing humanity in the 21st century comprise food production and disease control. Eco-friendly control tools against mosquito vectors and agricultural pests are urgently needed. Insecticidal products of marine origin have a huge potential to control these pests. In this research, we reported a single-step method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the aqueous leaf extract of the seaweed Hypnea musciformis, a cheap, nontoxic and eco-friendly material, that worked as reducing and stabilizing agent during the biosynthesis. The formation of AgNP was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance band illustrated in UV-vis spectrophotometer. AgNP were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD analyses. AgNP were mostly spherical in shape, crystalline in nature, with face-centered cubic geometry, and their mean size was 40-65nm. Low doses of H. musciformis aqueous extract and seaweed-synthesized AgNP showed larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and the cabbage pest Plutella xylostella. The LC50 value of AgNP ranged from 18.14 to 38.23ppm for 1st instar larvae (L1) and pupae of A. aegypti, and from 24.5 to 38.23ppm for L1 and pupae of P. xylostella. Both H. musciformis extract and AgNP strongly reduced longevity and fecundity of A. aegypti and P. xylostella adults. This study adds knowledge on the toxicity of seaweed borne insecticides and green-synthesized AgNP against arthropods of medical and agricultural importance, allowing us to propose the tested products as effective candidates to develop newer and cheap pest control tools., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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259. S argassum muticum-synthesized silver nanoparticles: an effective control tool against mosquito vectors and bacterial pathogens.
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Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T, Dinesh D, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Mahesh Kumar P, Suresh U, Roni M, Nicoletti M, Alarfaj AA, Higuchi A, Munusamy MA, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Culicidae growth & development, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Mosquito Control methods, Plant Leaves chemistry, Pupa drug effects, Pupa growth & development, Silver chemistry, Silver pharmacology, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Anti-Bacterial Agents metabolism, Culicidae drug effects, Insecticides metabolism, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Sargassum metabolism, Silver metabolism
- Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases represent a deadly threat for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, pathogens and parasites polluting water also constitute a severe plague for populations of developing countries. In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of the seaweed Sargassum muticum. The production of AgNP was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance band illustrated in UV-vis spectrophotometry. AgNP were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD analyses. AgNP were mostly spherical in shape, crystalline in nature, with face-centered cubic geometry, and mean size was 43-79 nm. Toxicity of AgNP was assessed against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. In laboratory, AgNP were highly toxic against larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species. Maximum efficacy was observed against A. stephensi larvae, with LC50 ranging from 16.156 ppm (larva I) to 28.881 ppm (pupa). In the field, a single treatment with AgNP (10 × LC50) in water storage reservoirs was effective against the three mosquito vectors, allowing complete elimination of larval populations after 72 h. In ovicidal experiments, egg hatchability was reduced by 100% after treatment with 30 ppm of AgNP. Ovideterrence assays highlighted that 10 ppm of AgNP reduced oviposition rates of more than 70% in A. aegypti, A. stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus (OAI = -0.61, -0.63, and -0.58, respectively). Antibacterial properties of AgNP were evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. AgNP tested at 50 ppm evoked growth inhibition zones larger than 5 mm in all tested bacteria. Overall, the chance to use S. muticum-synthesized AgNP for control of mosquito vectors seems promising since they are effective at low doses and may constitute an advantageous alternative to build newer and safer mosquito control tools. This is the first report about ovicidal activity of metal nanoparticles against mosquito vectors.
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- 2015
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260. Predation by Asian bullfrog tadpoles, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in an aquatic environment treated with mosquitocidal nanoparticles.
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Murugan K, Priyanka V, Dinesh D, Madhiyazhagan P, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Suresh U, Chandramohan B, Roni M, Nicoletti M, Alarfaj AA, Higuchi A, Munusamy MA, Khater HF, Messing RH, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Artemisia chemistry, Insecticides chemistry, Larva drug effects, Mosquito Control methods, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Silver chemistry, Aedes physiology, Insecticides pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Predatory Behavior physiology, Rana catesbeiana physiology, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Aedes aegypti is a primary vector of dengue and chikungunya. The use of synthetic insecticides to control Aedes populations often leads to high operational costs and adverse non-target effects. Botanical extracts have been proposed for rapid extracellular synthesis of mosquitocidal nanoparticles, but their impact against predators of mosquito larvae has not been well studied. We propose a single-step method for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves as a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and XRD showed that AgNP were polydispersed, crystalline, irregularly shaped, with a mean size of 30-70 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of elemental silver. FTIR highlighted that the functional groups from plant metabolites capped AgNP, stabilizing them over time. We investigated the mosquitocidal properties of A. vulgaris leaf extract and green-synthesized AgNP against larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti. We also evaluated the predatory efficiency of Asian bullfrog tadpoles, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, against larvae of Ae. aegypti, under laboratory conditions and in an aquatic environment treated with ultra-low doses of AgNP. AgNP were highly toxic to Ae. aegypti larval instars (I-IV) and pupae, with LC50 ranging from 4.4 (I) to 13.1 ppm (pupae). In the lab, the mean number of prey consumed per tadpole per day was 29.0 (I), 26.0 (II), 21.4 (III), and 16.7 (IV). After treatment with AgNP, the mean number of mosquito prey per tadpole per day increased to 34.2 (I), 32.4 (II), 27.4 (III), and 22.6 (IV). Overall, this study highlights the importance of a synergistic approach based on biocontrol agents and botanical nano-insecticides for mosquito control.
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- 2015
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261. Aristolochia indica green-synthesized silver nanoparticles: A sustainable control tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi?
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Murugan K, Labeeba MA, Panneerselvam C, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Subramaniam J, Madhiyazhagan P, Hwang JS, Wang L, Nicoletti M, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Green Chemistry Technology, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides metabolism, Larva drug effects, Plant Leaves metabolism, Anopheles drug effects, Aristolochia metabolism, Insecticides pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Silver chemistry
- Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites transmitted to people and animals through the bites of infected mosquitoes. We biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using Aristolochia indica extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD. In laboratory, LC50 of A. indica extract against Anopheles stephensi ranged from 262.66 (larvae I) to 565.02 ppm (pupae). LC50 of AgNP against A. stephensi ranged from 3.94 (larvae I) to 15.65 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of A. indica extract and AgNP (10 × LC50) leads to 100% larval reduction after 72 h. In laboratory, 24-h predation efficiency of Diplonychus indicus against A. stephensi larvae was 33% (larvae II) and 57% (larvae III). In AgNP-contaminated environment (1 ppm), it was 45.5% (larvae II) and 71.75% (larvae III). Overall, A. indica-synthesized AgNP may be considered as newer and safer control tools against Anopheles vectors., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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262. Mosquitocidal and antiplasmodial activity of Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) and Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Maruthamalai hills against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum.
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Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kovendan K, Panneerselvam C, Chandramohan B, Kumar PM, Amerasan D, Paulpandi M, Chandirasekar R, Dinesh D, Suresh U, Subramaniam J, Higuchi A, Alarfaj AA, Nicoletti M, Mehlhorn H, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Larva drug effects, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Pupa drug effects, Anopheles drug effects, Antimalarials pharmacology, Insecticides pharmacology, Ocimum basilicum chemistry, Plasmodium falciparum drug effects, Senna Plant chemistry
- Abstract
Each year, mosquito-borne diseases infect nearly 700 million people, resulting to more than 1 million deaths. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal, pupicidal, and smoke toxicity of Senna occidentalis and Ocimum basilicum leaf extracts against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of plant extracts was evaluated against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In larvicidal and pupicidal experiments, S. occidentalis LC50 ranged from 31.05 (I instar larvae) to 75.15 ppm (pupae), and O. basilicum LC50 ranged from 29.69 (I instar larvae) to 69 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against adults showed that S. occidentalis and O. basilicum coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the pyrethrin-based positive control (38, 52, and 42%, respectively). In antiplasmodial assays, Senna occidentalis 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 48.80 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 54.28 μg/ml (CQ-r), while O. basilicum IC50 were 68.14 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 67.27 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, these botanicals could be considered as potential sources of metabolites to build newer and safer malaria control tools.
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- 2015
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263. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector Aedes aegypti.
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Sujitha V, Murugan K, Paulpandi M, Panneerselvam C, Suresh U, Roni M, Nicoletti M, Higuchi A, Madhiyazhagan P, Subramaniam J, Dinesh D, Vadivalagan C, Chandramohan B, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Barnard DR, and Benelli G
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- Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Dengue prevention & control, Dengue virology, Green Chemistry Technology, Humans, Insecticides pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Moringa oleifera chemistry, Seeds chemistry, Silver chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Vero Cells, Aedes drug effects, Dengue Virus, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral infection mainly vectored through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Recently, its transmission has strongly increased in urban and semi-urban areas of tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide, becoming a major international public health concern. There is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention and control solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, we proposed the green-synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as a novel and effective tool against the dengue serotype DEN-2 and its major vector Aedes aegypti. AgNP were synthesized using the Moringa oleifera seed extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNP were characterized using a variety of biophysical methods including UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and sorted for size categories. AgNP showed in vitro antiviral activity against DEN-2 infecting vero cells. Viral titer was 7 log10 TCID50/ml in control (AgNP-free), while it dropped to 3.2 log10 TCID50/ml after a single treatment with 20 μl/ml of AgNP. After 6 h, DEN-2 yield was 5.8 log10 PFU/ml in the control, while it was 1.4 log10 PFU/ml post-treatment with AgNP (20 μl/ml). AgNP were highly effective against the dengue vector A. aegypti, with LC50 values ranging from 10.24 ppm (I instar larvae) to 21.17 ppm (pupae). Overall, this research highlighted the concrete potential of green-synthesized AgNP in the fight against dengue and its primary vector A. aegypti. Further research on structure-activity relationships of AgNP against other dengue serotypes is urgently required.
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- 2015
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264. Diagnosis of urinary bladder diseases in dogs by using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography.
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Dinesh D, Behl SM, Singh P, Tayal R, Pal M, and Chandolia RK
- Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to obtain and compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonographic images of the urinary bladder in different disease conditions., Materials and Methods: The present study was conducting on total 10clinical cases of the urinary bladder in dogs. The ultrasound (US) machine used for this study was 3D US machine (Nemio-XG: Toshiba, Japan) having a four-dimensional volumetric probe., Results: In the present study, the inflamed thickened wall was clearly visible with the distinction of different layers of the urinary bladder wall in some of the cases of cystitis using 2D ultrasonography. In 3D sonogram, the urinary bladder was visualized as a large anechoic structure with no distinction of different layers of the bladder wall. The cystoliths were clearly visible as hyperechoic structures with distal acoustic shadow in 2D sonogram and appeared as a bright echogenic area in 3D sonogram. In case of urinary bladder neoplasia in 2D ultrasonogram, the bladder lumen was found to be occluded with a large growth imaged as focal anechoic areas in the tissue of mixed echogenicity with small hyperechoic dots in this tissue parenchyma. In 3D ultrasonogram, a tissue of mixed echogenicity of pus was also observed., Conclusion: From the present study it was concluded that 2D and 3D ultrasonography is very helpful for diagnosis of different clinical conditions of the urinary bladder such as cystitis, cystoliths, and urinary bladder neoplasia. The cavity of urinary bladder was more clearly visualized in 3D ultrasonography, but the distinction of different layers of the bladder wall was visualized only in 2D ultrasonography. The distinct shadow of pus and cystoliths were visible in 2D ultrasonogram. The visualization of pus in 3D ultrasonography was done for the first time in present study.
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- 2015
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265. Cymbopogon citratus-synthesized gold nanoparticles boost the predation efficiency of copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against malaria and dengue mosquitoes.
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Murugan K, Benelli G, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, Jeyalalitha T, Dinesh D, Nicoletti M, Hwang JS, Suresh U, and Madhiyazhagan P
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- Aedes growth & development, Animals, Anopheles growth & development, Gold chemistry, Insect Control instrumentation, Insect Vectors growth & development, Insecticides chemistry, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Nanoparticles chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Predatory Behavior, Aedes drug effects, Anopheles drug effects, Copepoda physiology, Cymbopogon chemistry, Gold pharmacology, Insect Control methods, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
Plant-borne compounds can be employed to synthesize mosquitocidal nanoparticles that are effective at low doses. However, how they affect the activity of mosquito predators in the aquatic environment is unknown. In this study, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuN) using the leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus, which acted as a reducing and capping agent. AuN were characterized by a variety of biophysical methods and sorted for size in order to confirm structural integrity. C. citratus extract and biosynthesized AuN were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi and the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. LC₅₀ of C. citratus extract ranged from 219.32 ppm to 471.36 ppm. LC₅₀ of AuN ranged from 18.80 ppm to 41.52 ppm. In laboratory, the predatory efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops aspericornis against A. stephensi larvae was 26.8% (larva I) and 17% (larva II), while against A. aegypti was 56% (I) and 35.1% (II). Predation against late-instar larvae was minimal. In AuN-contaminated environment,predation efficiency against A. stephensi was 45.6% (I) and 26.7% (II), while against A. aegypti was 77.3% (I) and 51.6% (II). Overall, low doses of AuN may help to boost the control of Anopheles and Aedes larval populations in copepod-based control programs., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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266. Toxicity of seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles against the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on predation efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus.
- Author
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Murugan K, Benelli G, Ayyappan S, Dinesh D, Panneerselvam C, Nicoletti M, Hwang JS, Kumar PM, Subramaniam J, and Suresh U
- Subjects
- Animals, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides metabolism, Larva, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Predatory Behavior drug effects, Silver chemistry, X-Ray Diffraction, Copepoda drug effects, Culex drug effects, Insecticides pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Seaweed metabolism, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Nearly 1.4 billion people in 73 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic infection that leads to a disease commonly known as elephantiasis. Filariasis is vectored by mosquitoes, with special reference to the genus Culex. The main control tool against mosquito larvae is represented by treatments with organophosphates and insect growth regulators, with negative effects on human health and the environment. Recently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have been proposed as highly effective larvicidals against mosquito vectors. In this research, we attempted a reply to the following question: do green-synthesized nanoparticles affect predation rates of copepods against mosquito larvae? We proposed a novel method of seaweed-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the frond extract of Caulerpa scalpelliformis. The toxicity of the seaweed extract and silver nanoparticles was assessed against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Then, we evaluated the predatory efficiency of the cyclopoid crustacean Mesocyclops longisetus against larval instars of C. quinquefasciatus in a nanoparticle-contaminated water environment. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In mosquitocidal assays, the LC₅₀ values of the C. scalpelliformis extract against C. quinquefasciatus were 31.38 ppm (I), 46.49 ppm (II), 75.79 ppm (III), 102.26 ppm (IV), and 138.89 ppm (pupa), while LC₅₀ of silver nanoparticles were 3.08 ppm, (I), 3.49 ppm (II), 4.64 ppm (III), 5.86 ppm (IV), and 7.33 ppm (pupa). The predatory efficiency of the copepod M. longisetus in the control treatment was 78 and 59% against I and II instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. In a nanoparticle-contaminated environment, predation efficiency was 84 and 63%, respectively. Predation was higher against first instar larvae over other instars. Overall, our study showed that seaweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles can be proposed in synergy with biological control agents against Culex larvae, since their use leads to little detrimental effects against aquatic predators, such as copepods.
- Published
- 2015
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267. Mosquitocidal and antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera extracts: towards an effective tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi?
- Author
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Dinesh D, Murugan K, Madhiyazhagan P, Panneerselvam C, Kumar PM, Nicoletti M, Jiang W, Benelli G, Chandramohan B, and Suresh U
- Subjects
- Animals, Anopheles growth & development, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria growth & development, Insecticides chemical synthesis, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Malaria transmission, Plant Extracts chemical synthesis, Plant Leaves chemistry, Pupa drug effects, Pupa growth & development, X-Ray Diffraction, Aloe chemistry, Anopheles drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Insecticides pharmacology, Nanoparticles toxicity, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Silver pharmacology
- Abstract
Mosquitoes represent an important threat for lives of millions of people worldwide, acting as vectors for devastating pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile. In addition, pathogens and parasites polluting water also constitute a severe plague for populations of developing countries. Here, we investigated the mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Aloe vera leaf extract and silver nanoparticles synthesized using A. vera extract. Mosquitocidal properties were assessed in laboratory against larvae (I-IV instar) and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against An. stephensi also in field conditions. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles were evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In laboratory conditions, the A. vera extract was toxic against An. stephensi larvae and pupae, even at low dosages. LC50 were 48.79 ppm (I instar), 59.09 ppm (II instar), 70.88 ppm (III instar), 83.58 ppm (IV instar), and 152.55 ppm (pupae). Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were highly toxic against An. stephensi. LC50 were 3.825 ppm (I instar), 4.119 ppm (II instar), 4.982 ppm (III instar), 5.711 ppm (IV instar), and 6.113 ppm (pupae). In field conditions, the application of A. vera-synthesized silver nanoparticles (10 × LC50) leads to An. stephensi larval reduction of 74.5, 86.6, and 97.7%, after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Nanoparticles also showed antibacterial properties, and the maximum concentration tested (150 mg/L) evoked an inhibition zone wider than 80 mm in all tested bacterium species. This study adds knowledge about the use of green synthesis of nanoparticles in medical entomology and parasitology, allowing us to propose A. vera-synthesized silver nanoparticles as effective candidates to develop newer and safer mosquitocidal control tools.
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- 2015
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268. Tackling the growing threat of dengue: Phyllanthus niruri-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their mosquitocidal properties against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
- Author
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Suresh U, Murugan K, Benelli G, Nicoletti M, Barnard DR, Panneerselvam C, Kumar PM, Subramaniam J, Dinesh D, and Chandramohan B
- Subjects
- Aedes growth & development, Animals, Dengue transmission, Humans, Insect Vectors drug effects, Insecticides chemical synthesis, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Mosquito Control, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Leaves chemistry, Silver chemistry, Surface Plasmon Resonance, Aedes drug effects, Insecticides toxicity, Metal Nanoparticles toxicity, Phyllanthus chemistry, Plant Extracts toxicity, Silver toxicity
- Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, causing millions of deaths every year. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Recently, transmission has strongly increased in urban and semiurban areas, becoming a major international public health concern. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue. The use of synthetic insecticides to control Aedes mosquitoes lead to high operational costs and adverse nontarget effects. In this scenario, eco-friendly control tools are a priority. We proposed a novel method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri, a cheap and nontoxic material. The UV-vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanostructures showed a peak at 420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band of nanoparticles. SEM analyses of the synthesized nanoparticles showed a mean size of 30-60 nm. EDX spectrum showed the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. XRD highlighted that the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of nanoparticles exhibited prominent peaks 3,327.63, 2,125.87, 1,637.89, 644.35, 597.41, and 554.63 cm(-1). In laboratory assays, the aqueous extract of P. niruri was toxic against larval instars (I-IV) and pupae of A. aegypti. LC50 was 158.24 ppm (I), 183.20 ppm (II), 210.53 ppm (III), 210.53 ppm (IV), and 358.08 ppm (pupae). P. niruri-synthesized nanoparticles were highly effective against A. aegypti, with LC50 of 3.90 ppm (I), 5.01 ppm (II), 6.2 ppm (III), 8.9 ppm (IV), and 13.04 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of silver nanoparticles (10 × LC50) lead to A. aegypti larval reduction of 47.6%, 76.7% and 100%, after 24, 48, and 72 h, while the P. niruri extract lead to 39.9%, 69.2 % and 100 % of reduction, respectively. In adulticidal experiments, P. niruri extract and nanoparticles showed LC50 and LC90 of 174.14 and 6.68 ppm and 422.29 and 23.58 ppm, respectively. Overall, this study highlights that the possibility to employ P. niruri leaf extract and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles in mosquito control programs is concrete, since both are effective at lower doses if compared to synthetic products currently marketed, thus they could be an advantageous alternative to build newer and safer tools against dengue vectors.
- Published
- 2015
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269. Epidural anesthesia for caesarean section in a pregnant patient with pituitary macroadenoma.
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R R, Babu DD, Sureshkumar K, and Patil SA
- Abstract
Anaesthesia for patient with pituitary adenoma posted for non-neurosurgical surgeries is a challenge to the anaesthesiologist with the risk of sudden change in intracranial dynamics during administration of spinal anaesthesia or during stress response of general anaesthesia. There is a chance of increase in tumour size during antenatal period. A careful assessment of pituitary function and a screening of visual field and fundus examination are essential to rule out any mass effect. We are presenting the anaesthetic management of patient with pituitary macroadenoma posted for elective caesarean section done under epidural anaesthesia due to its rarity.
- Published
- 2014
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270. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Delphinium denudatum root extract exhibits antibacterial and mosquito larvicidal activities.
- Author
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Suresh G, Gunasekar PH, Kokila D, Prabhu D, Dinesh D, Ravichandran N, Ramesh B, Koodalingam A, and Vijaiyan Siva G
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria growth & development, Dengue transmission, Dengue Virus, Larva, Pest Control methods, Silver pharmacology, Aedes, Delphinium chemistry, Insect Vectors, Insecticides chemical synthesis, Insecticides chemistry, Insecticides pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Roots chemistry, Silver chemistry
- Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous root extract of Delphinium denudatum (Dd) by reduction of Ag(+) ions from silver nitrate solution has been investigated. The synthesized DdAgNPs were characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The prepared DdAgNPs showed maximum absorbance at 416nm and particles were polydispersed in nature, spherical in shape and the size of the particle obtained was⩽85nm. The DdAgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus NCIM 2106, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. The DdAgNPs showed potent larvicidal activity against second instar larvae of dengue vector Aedes aegypti with a LC50 value of 9.6ppm., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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271. Apoptosis mediated anti-proliferative effect of compound isolated from Cassia auriculata leaves against human colon cancer cell line.
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Esakkirajan M, Prabhu NM, Manikandan R, Beulaja M, Prabhu D, Govindaraju K, Thiagarajan R, Arulvasu C, Dhanasekaran G, Dinesh D, and Babu G
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Tumor, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Cassia chemistry, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Plant Leaves chemistry
- Abstract
A compound was isolated from Cassia auriculata leaves and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The in vitro anticancer effect of the compound isolated from C. auriculata was evaluated in human colon cancer cells HCT 15 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology analysis and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase. The isolated compound 4-(2,5 dichlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7 hexahydro7(4 methoxyphenyl)benzo[h][1,4,7] triazecin8(1H)-one showed 50% inhibition of HCT 15 cells when tested at 20μg/ml after 24h incubation. Cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology and lactate dehydrogenase assays clearly show potent anticancer activity of the isolated compound against colon cancer. Thus, the in vitro findings suggest that the compound isolated from C. auriculata leaves have potent anti-cancer properties with possible clinical applications., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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272. Evaluation of Salivary Flow Rate, pH and Buffer in Pre, Post & Post Menopausal Women on HRT.
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D R M, G K, K J, D D, T V S, and Dinesh P
- Abstract
Background: Climateric is considered to be a natural phase of life which by definition is the period of life starting from decline in ovarian activity until after the end of ovarian function. It is accompanied by various health consequences that include the changes in saliva too. This study was carried out to evaluate the salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity in pre-menopausal, post-menopausal and post-menopausal women on HRT., Aims and Objectives: (1) To evaluate the salivary flow rate, pH of resting saliva and stimulated saliva and buffer capacity of stimulated saliva in pre-menopausal, post-menopausal and post-menopausal women on Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). (2) To compare the above salivary findings between pre-menopausal, post-menopausal and post-menopausal women on HRT., Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 60 patients. These patients were divided into three groups of 20 patients: Group 1: Pre-menopausal women (control), Group 2: post-menopausal women (case), Group 3: post-menopausal women on HRT (case). The control group consisted of 20 women volunteers, having regular ovulatory menstrual cycles with no known systemic illness and deleterious habits and Group 2 consists of 20 post-menopausal women and Group 3 will consist of 20 post-menopausal women on HRT. After clearing the mouth by swallowing, stimulated saliva was collected after chewing paraffin for 10 mins in to a glass centrifuge tube graded in 0.1 mL increments up to 10mL.in rare cases the collection time will be reduced or extended (5-15 min), salivary flow rate will be determined as ml/min, immediately after collection, pH was determined by dipping pH test paper directly into the sample of oral fluid, salivary buffer capacity was determined by using saliva check buffer kit (GC corporation). The data obtained was statistically evaluated using chi-square test, fisher exact test ANOVA analysis., Results: In our study we found salivary flow rate significantly lower in the post-menopausal women in comparison with the menstruating women and also there was improvement in the flow rate in individuals who were on HRT, it was also observed that salivary pH of the post-menopausal group was significantly lower than that of the control group, statistically significant difference in buffer capacity values was found between the groups however buffer capacity values were higher in the post-menopausal group than the control group., Conclusion: From the above study it is clear that post-menopausal women will present with oral discomfort, while HRT can improve the same. Hence our role as physicians and health care providers is to incorporate preventive dental health care in post-menopausal women and clearly inform patients about both the benefits and the limitations of HRT.
- Published
- 2014
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273. Anti-proliferative effect of a compound isolated from Cassia auriculata against human colon cancer cell line HCT 15.
- Author
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Esakkirajan M, Prabhu NM, Arulvasu C, Beulaja M, Manikandan R, Thiagarajan R, Govindaraju K, Prabhu D, Dinesh D, Babu G, and Dhanasekaran G
- Subjects
- Anticarcinogenic Agents chemistry, Anticarcinogenic Agents isolation & purification, Anticarcinogenic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic isolation & purification, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Cassia chemistry, Colonic Neoplasms prevention & control
- Abstract
The compound was isolated from leaves of Cassia auriculata and its structure was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology and lactate dehydrogenase assay of isolated compound was tested against human colon cancer cell line HCT 15. The isolated compound, 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-(2-ethoxyphenyl)benzo[h][1,4,7]triazecin-8(1H)-one at 25μg/ml concentration and by 48h showed 50% inhibition of human colon cancer cells (HCT 15). The results suggest that isolated compound from C. auriculata has potential to prevent colon cancer cell line., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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274. Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates produced in New Zealand.
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Dickson M and Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Bacterial Infections etiology, Bacterial Infections prevention & control, Bacterial Infections transmission, Bacterial Load, Blood-Borne Pathogens, False Positive Reactions, Humans, New Zealand, Platelet Transfusion adverse effects, Safety Management, Time Factors, Blood Platelets microbiology, Platelet Transfusion standards
- Abstract
Aims: To identify the rate of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates in New Zealand and compare with other countries who use the BacT/ALERT screening system. To report on septic transfusion reactions associated with platelet transfusion in New Zealand., Methods: Six mL of platelet concentrate is inoculated into a BacT/ALERT BPA (aerobic culture) bottle on Day 2 post-collection. Bottles that are flagged as positive are sent to the microbiology laboratory, with the associated unit, for confirmatory testing. Platelet units that have expired are sampled again. Results from the four blood processing sites in New Zealand were reviewed., Results: 59,461 (65%) platelet components were sampled on Day 2 and 15,560 (17%) were re-sampled post-expiry, between December 2003 and September 2011. The rate of confirmed bacterial contamination was 0.04% for Day 2 sampling and 0.04% for post-expiry sampling. The rate in the published literature ranges from 0.01-0.74% and is lower (0.01-0.18%) when diversion of the initial flow of blood is utilised. There were five bacterial transfusion transmitted infections associated with platelet transfusion reported during the study period., Conclusions: BacT/ALERT screening reduces the transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelet concentrates. Day 2 sampling does not identify all contaminated units.
- Published
- 2013
275. Measures to prevent transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).
- Author
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Reesink HW, Lee J, Keller A, Dennington P, Pink J, Holdsworth R, Schennach H, Goldman M, Petraszko T, Sun J, Meng Y, Qian K, Rehacek V, Turek P, Krusius T, Juvonen E, Tiberghien P, Legrand D, Semana G, Muller JY, Bux J, Reil A, Lin CK, Daly H, McSweeney E, Porretti L, Greppi N, Rebulla P, Okazaki H, Sánchez-Guerrero SA, Baptista-González HA, Martínez-Murillo C, Guerra-Márquez A, Rodriguez-Moyado H, Middelburg RA, Wiersum-Osselton JC, Brand A, van Tilburg C, Dinesh D, Dagger J, Dunn P, Brojer E, Letowska M, Maslanka K, Lachert E, Uhrynowska M, Zhiburt E, Palfi M, Berlin G, Frey BM, Puig Rovira L, Muñiz-Diaz E, Castro E, Chapman C, Green A, Massey E, Win N, Williamson L, Silliman CC, Chaffin DJ, Ambruso DR, Blumberg N, Tomasulo P, Land KJ, Norris PJ, Illoh OC, Davey RJ, Benjamin RJ, Eder AF, McLaughlin L, Kleinman S, and Panzer S
- Subjects
- Acute Lung Injury blood, Acute Lung Injury diagnosis, Humans, Acute Lung Injury etiology, Acute Lung Injury prevention & control, Transfusion Reaction
- Published
- 2012
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276. Association of temporomandibular joint dysfunction, condylar position and dental malocclusions in Davangere population.
- Author
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Savakkanavar MB, Sridhar S, Dinesh D, Girish KS, and Ramesh GC
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cephalometry, Chi-Square Distribution, Humans, India, Malocclusion pathology, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders pathology, Young Adult, Malocclusion complications, Mandibular Condyle pathology, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders complications
- Abstract
Aims: To study the association between dental malocclusions and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.To study the association between dental malocclusions and condylar position.To study the association between temporomandibular (TM) joint dysfunction and condylar position., Methods: The subjects were divided into four groups for dental malocclusions viz. class I malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction, class II division 1 malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction, class II division 2 malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction and class III malocclusion with or without TM dysfunction. Once the patient fulfilled the criteria, the presence or absence of signs of TM dysfunction were elicited from the patient., Results: It shows the association between TM dysfunction signs and left and right condylar positions. It shows the association between TM dysfunction symptom and left and right condylar positions. It shows the association between dental malocclusions and TM dysfunction signs and symptom. It shows the association between dental malocclusions and left and right condylar positions., Conclusion: There was an association between TM dysfunction signs and left and right condylar positions. But, there was no association between TM dysfunction symptoms and left and right condylar positions. There was an association between dental malocclusions and TM dysfunction signs. But there was no association between dental malocclusions and TM dysfunction symptoms. There was an association between dental malocclusions and left condylar position, but there was no association between dental malocclusion and right condylar position., Clinical Significance: This study indicates that malocclusions and factors of condylar position should be seen as merely cofactors in the sense of one piece of the mosaic in the multifactorial problem of TM dysfunction. TM dysfunction factors that showed significant effects to various malocclusions through this study . This study shows clinical significance of association of various types of dental malocclusions to different conylar positions and TM dysfunction signs and symptoms. Before treating orthodontic patients, one should evaluate and treat the TM disorders for better prognosis.
- Published
- 2012
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277. Synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin: an in vitro study using human cancer cell lines.
- Author
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Manikandan R, Beulaja M, Arulvasu C, Sellamuthu S, Dinesh D, Prabhu D, Babu G, Vaseeharan B, and Prabhu NM
- Subjects
- Apoptosis, Cell Nucleus drug effects, DNA Fragmentation, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Drug Synergism, HCT116 Cells, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Catechin pharmacology, Curcumin pharmacology
- Abstract
The most practical approach to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis by usage of anticancer agents. This necessitates that safer compounds are to be critically examined for anticancer activity especially, those derived from natural sources. A spice commonly found in India and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and the major active component is a phytochemical termed curcumin. Green tea is one of the most popular beverages used worldwide, produced from the leaves of evergreen plant Camellia sinensis and the major active ingredients are polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. In this study, synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin was evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT 15, HCT 116, and human larynx carcinoma Hep G-2 cell lines. Although, both curcumin or catechin inhibited the growth of above cell lines, interestingly, in combination of both these compounds highest level of growth control was observed. The anticancer activity shown is due to cytotoxicity, nuclear fragmentation as well as condensation, and DNA fragmentation associated with the appearance of apoptosis. These results suggest that curcumin and catechin in combination can inhibit the proliferation of HCT 15, HCT 116, as well as Hep G-2 cells efficiently through induction of apoptosis., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2012
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278. Poly-glutamine expanded huntingtin dramatically alters the genome wide binding of HSF1.
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Riva L, Koeva M, Yildirim F, Pirhaji L, Dinesh D, Mazor T, Duennwald ML, and Fraenkel E
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Genomics, Heat Shock Transcription Factors, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Huntingtin Protein, Mice, Mutation genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins chemistry, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Peptides metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Transcription Factors genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Peptides genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
In Huntington's disease (HD), polyglutamine expansions in the huntingtin (Htt) protein cause subtle changes in cellular functions that, over-time, lead to neurodegeneration and death. Studies have indicated that activation of the heat shock response can reduce many of the effects of mutant Htt in disease models, suggesting that the heat shock response is impaired in the disease. To understand the basis for this impairment, we have used genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massively parallel sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to examine the effects of mutant Htt on the master regulator of the heat shock response, HSF1. We find that, under normal conditions, HSF1 function is highly similar in cells carrying either wild-type or mutant Htt. However, polyQ-expanded Htt severely blunts the HSF1-mediated stress response. Surprisingly, we find that the HSF1 targets most affected upon stress are not directly associated with proteostasis, but with cytoskeletal binding, focal adhesion and GTPase activity. Our data raise the intriguing hypothesis that the accumulated damage from life-long impairment in these stress responses may contribute significantly to the etiology of Huntington's disease.
- Published
- 2012
279. Proton therapy for cancer treatment.
- Author
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Dinesh Mayani D
- Subjects
- Animals, Cyclotrons, Humans, Protons adverse effects, Radiotherapy instrumentation, Radiotherapy Dosage, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, Neoplasms radiotherapy, Proton Therapy
- Abstract
Proton beam therapy is the latest advancement in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a precise form of radiotherapy. It uses a beam of protons to target the cancer cells and destroys them. It scores high on precision and effectiveness when compared to other conventional cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy and xray radiotherapy. Proton beam therapy destroys the cancerous cells without harming the healthy cells. Thus it considerably reduces the side-effects that accompany conventional cancer treatments. Supporters say the technology allows physicians to treat a broad spectrum of cancers with few adverse effects, while more precisely targeting tumor cells with higher doses of radiation. Detractors say proton beam therapy is hugely expensive and has not been shown to be superior to conventional radiation treatment. With proton beam therapy, physicians use a cyclotron to accelerate protons and fire them directly into tumor cells with submillimeter precision. Because healthy tissue is largely spared, oncologists can, in theory, deliver much higher doses of radiation, while improving local control and reducing the risk for recurrence and morbidities.
- Published
- 2011
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280. In vitro trans-differentiation of human umbilical cord derived hematopoietic stem cells into hepatocyte like cells using combination of growth factors for cell based therapy.
- Author
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Sellamuthu S, Manikandan R, Thiagarajan R, Babu G, Dinesh D, Prabhu D, and Arulvasu C
- Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a new strategy for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) derived from UCB into hepatocyte like cells and also to estimate the effects of combination of fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF 4) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. HSCs were isolated and purified by magnetic activated cell sorting. HSCs were induced to hepatocyte like cells under a 2-step protocol with combination of growth factors. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect multiple genes related to hepatocyte like cells development and function. Hepatocyte like morphology was illustrated by inverted repeat microscope and the secretion of albumin and α- fetoprotein by these cells was confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatocyte like cells was observed at the end of the protocol (days 14). These differentiated cells were observed to show high expression of genes related to hepatocytes (tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase [TO], glucose 6-phosphate [G6P], cytokeratin 18 [CK 18], albumin and α- fetoprotein [AFP]). The quantities of albumin and AFP at day 0 were low and upon differentiation the cells were able to produce albumin and AFP at high levels. Our results show a new strategy for differentiation in a short duration, using a combination of growth factors for the differentiation of umbilical cord blood derived HSC into hepatocyte like cells under certain in vitro conditions. After further studies this approach has the potency, for widespread cell replacement therapy for liver diseases.
- Published
- 2011
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281. Somatic DNA damages in cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
- Author
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Supriya Simon A, Dinesh Roy D, Jayapal V, and Vijayakumar T
- Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is one of the most clinically significant complications of diabetes mellitus. Even though many ethological factors have been attributed for the pathogenesis of this disease no attempts were made to correlate DNA damage as a causative factor. Hence the present study was undertaken to asses the extent of somatic DNA damages by cytokinesis-block micronuclei assay (CBMN). An attempt is also being made to correlate the habits and/or risk factors and socioeconomic status with CAN. The CBMN frequency of 46 patients suffering from autonomic neuropathy was compared with that of 25 healthy age and sex matched controls. All the subjects were suffering from type 2 diabetes for at least 8 years and have varying degrees of coronary artery diseases. The mean CBMN frequency of the patients was statistically higher than that of the healthy control subjects (P < 0.05). The CBMN frequency was found to be significantly altered in CAN patients who where physical inactivity and smoking. A significant correlation could also be observed between CAN and smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, and physical activity.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
282. Haemovigilance for the optimal use of blood products in the hospital.
- Author
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Reesink HW, Panzer S, Gonzalez CA, Lena N, Muntaabski P, Gimbatti S, Wood E, Lambermont M, Deneys V, Sondag D, Alport T, Towns D, Devine D, Turek P, Auvinen MK, Koski T, Lin CK, Lee CK, Tsoi WC, Lawlor E, Grazzini G, Piccinini V, Catalano L, Pupella S, Kato H, Takamoto S, Okazaki H, Hamaguchi I, Wiersum-Osselton JC, Van Tilborgh AJ, Zijlker-Jansen PY, Mangundap KM, Schipperus MR, Dinesh D, Flanagan P, Flesland Ø, Steinsvåg CT, Espinosa A, Letowska M, Rosiek A, Antoniewicz-Papis J, Lachert E, Koh MB, Alcantara R, Corral Alonso M, and Muñiz-Diaz E
- Subjects
- Humans, Blood Component Transfusion, Hospitals, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
283. Biochemical and genetic studies on cardiometabolic syndrome.
- Author
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Supriya Simon A, Dinesh Roy D, Jayapal V, and Vijayakumar T
- Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome is one of the major public health issues of this century which describes a cluster of clinical characteristics. Seventy two patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiometabolic syndrome and forty healthy age and sex matched normal controls were selected for this study. Detailed clinical epidemiological and anthropometric characteristics were noted. Lipid profile and Cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay using cytochalasin B were carried out in all the subjects. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol was significantly higher and HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in patients compared to their normal counter-parts (P<0.05). CBMN frequency of the patients was significantly higher at all ages compared to their normal counter parts (P<0.05). Various risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, smoking and alcoholism were found influenced the CBMN frequency; but the changes were not significant. From this study it can be concluded that DNA damage was found to be higher in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome which may be attributed to the generation of free radicals associated with alcohol consumption, tobacco use, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance and the accumulation of free radicals with increase in age.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
284. Effect of untreated bed nets on blood-fed Phlebotomus argentipes in kala-azar endemic foci in Nepal and India.
- Author
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Picado A, Kumar V, Das M, Burniston I, Roy L, Suman R, Dinesh D, Coosemans M, Sundar S, Shreekant K, Boelaert M, Davies C, and Cameron M
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, India epidemiology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral epidemiology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral prevention & control, Leishmaniasis, Visceral transmission, Male, Nepal epidemiology, Bites and Stings prevention & control, Feeding Behavior physiology, Insect Control instrumentation, Insect Vectors physiology, Phlebotomus physiology
- Abstract
Observational studies in the Indian subcontinent have shown that untreated nets may be protective against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this study, we evaluated the effect of untreated nets on the blood feeding rates of Phlebotomus argentipes as well as the human blood index (HBI) in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal. The study had a 'before and after intervention' design in 58 households in six clusters. The use of untreated nets reduced the blood feeding rate by 85% (95% CI 76.5-91.1%) and the HBI by 42.2% (95% CI 11.1-62.5%). These results provide circumstantial evidence that untreated nets may provide some degree of personal protection against sand fly bites.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
285. Regulation of vascular contractility and blood pressure by the E2F2 transcription factor.
- Author
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Zhou J, Zhu Y, Cheng M, Dinesh D, Thorne T, Poh KK, Liu D, Botros C, Tang YL, Reisdorph N, Kishore R, Losordo DW, and Qin G
- Subjects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing metabolism, Animals, Aorta physiology, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases genetics, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases metabolism, Cell Cycle physiology, Cell Membrane metabolism, Down-Regulation physiology, Endothelin-1 pharmacology, Endothelin-Converting Enzymes, Female, Male, Metalloendopeptidases genetics, Metalloendopeptidases metabolism, Mice, Mice, Mutant Strains, Promoter Regions, Genetic physiology, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Vasoconstriction drug effects, Blood Pressure physiology, E2F2 Transcription Factor genetics, E2F2 Transcription Factor metabolism, Transcriptional Activation physiology, Vasoconstriction physiology
- Abstract
Background: Recent studies have identified a polymorphism in the endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1b promoter (-338C/A) that is strongly associated with hypertension in women. The polymorphism is located in a consensus binding sequence for the E2F family of transcription factors. E2F proteins are crucially involved in cell-cycle regulation, but their roles in cardiovascular function are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the potential role of E2F2 in blood pressure regulation., Methods and Results: Tail-cuff measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in E2F2-null (E2F2(-/-)) mice than in their wild-type littermates, and in ex vivo ring assays, aortas from the E2F2(-/-) mice exhibited significantly greater contractility in response to big endothelin-1. Big endothelin-1 is activated by ECE-1, and mRNA levels of ECE-1b, the repressive ECE-1 isoform, were significantly lower in E2F2(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice. In endothelial cells, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that E2F2 binds the ECE-1b promoter, and promoter-reporter assays indicated that E2F2 activates ECE-1b transcription. Furthermore, loss or downregulation of E2F2 led to a decline in ECE-1b levels, to higher levels of the membranous ECE-1 isoforms (ie, ECE-1a, -1c, and -1d), and to deregulated ECE-1 activity. Finally, Sam68 coimmunoprecipitated with E2F2, occupied the ECE-1b promoter (chromatin immunoprecipitation), and repressed E2F2-mediated ECE-1b promoter activity (promoter-reporter assays)., Conclusions: Our results identify a cell-cycle-independent mechanism by which E2F2 regulates endothelial function, arterial contractility, and blood pressure.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
286. Mania in a patient with Wilson's disease awaiting liver transplant.
- Author
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Varghese ST, Narayanan D, and Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Bipolar Disorder psychology, Female, Hepatolenticular Degeneration psychology, Humans, Liver Function Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, Bipolar Disorder complications, Hepatolenticular Degeneration complications, Hepatolenticular Degeneration surgery, Liver Transplantation psychology
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
287. New-onset psychosis after temporal lobectomy.
- Author
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Narayanan D, Varghese ST, and Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Antipsychotic Agents therapeutic use, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe surgery, Haloperidol therapeutic use, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neurosurgical Procedures adverse effects, Postoperative Complications psychology, Psychotic Disorders etiology, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Temporal Lobe surgery
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
288. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): a review of investigations by the National Tissue Typing Laboratory of cases reported in New Zealand since June 2004.
- Author
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Dunn P and Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Female, Humans, Laboratories statistics & numerical data, Lung Diseases etiology, Lung Injury, Male, New Zealand epidemiology, Primary Prevention statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Risk Management statistics & numerical data, Transfusion Reaction, Blood Donors statistics & numerical data, Blood Group Incompatibility epidemiology, Blood Grouping and Crossmatching statistics & numerical data, Blood Transfusion statistics & numerical data, Lung Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Aim: To review investigations of reported cases of Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) performed by the National Tissue Typing laboratory since 2004., Method: Donors associated with reported cases of TRALI are recalled for white cell antibody tests. A donor is implicated if found to have neutrophil or HLA antibodies with specificity against one of the recipient's HLA antigens, or a positive white cell crossmatch. A retrospective review of investigations performed by the Tissue Typing Laboratory on TRALI cases from June 2004 to June 2007 was undertaken., Results: Seventeen cases of TRALI had tests performed by the Tissue Typing Laboratory over the 3-year period. A total of 67 donors were tested. Twenty-nine donors had a positive HLA-antibody screen and the majority of these were female (86%, with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) the commonest component type (41%). In 15 (88%) cases, HLA antibodies were found in donor sera and nine of these had specificity against patient HLA antigen or a positive crossmatch., Conclusion: Preliminary data on TRALI investigations concur with overseas studies. Raising awareness of this hazard of transfusion and a consistent approach in investigation of TRALI will allow us to gain further insight into this complication in New Zealand and consequently explore strategies to prevent such adverse transfusion reactions.
- Published
- 2008
289. Intravascular haemolysis in a patient on ceftriaxone with demonstration of anticeftriaxone antibodies.
- Author
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Dinesh D, Dugan N, and Carter J
- Subjects
- Aged, Anemia, Hemolytic blood, Anemia, Hemolytic immunology, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents immunology, Antibodies blood, Ceftriaxone administration & dosage, Ceftriaxone immunology, Endocarditis, Bacterial drug therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Injections, Intravenous, Anemia, Hemolytic chemically induced, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Antibodies immunology, Ceftriaxone adverse effects, Hemolysis immunology
- Abstract
Drug-induced haemolytic anaemia can be life threatening. We report a case of ceftriaxone-induced severe haemolytic anaemia in a previously healthy 68-year-old woman. The patient had a positive direct antiglobulin test (anti-C3d positive, anti-immunoglobulin G negative). Serological tests showed ceftriaxone-specific antibodies. The patient recovered after cessation of the drug. This complication may cause milder anaemia and thus be poorly recognized.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
290. Cell cycle regulator E2F1 modulates angiogenesis via p53-dependent transcriptional control of VEGF.
- Author
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Qin G, Kishore R, Dolan CM, Silver M, Wecker A, Luedemann CN, Thorne T, Hanley A, Curry C, Heyd L, Dinesh D, Kearney M, Martelli F, Murayama T, Goukassian DA, Zhu Y, and Losordo DW
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Down-Regulation, E2F1 Transcription Factor deficiency, E2F1 Transcription Factor genetics, Hindlimb blood supply, Hindlimb metabolism, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Cell Cycle, E2F1 Transcription Factor metabolism, Transcription, Genetic genetics, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A biosynthesis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A genetics
- Abstract
The transcription factor E2F1 is known to regulate cell proliferation and has been thought to modulate tumorigenesis via this mechanism alone. Here we show that mice deficient in E2F1 exhibit enhanced angiogenesis. The proangiogenic phenotype in E2F1 deficiency is the result of overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is prevented by VEGF blockade. Under hypoxic conditions, E2F1 down-regulates the expression of VEGF promoter activity by associating with p53 and specifically down-regulating expression of VEGF but not other hypoxia-inducible genes, suggesting a promoter structure context-dependent regulation mechanism. We found that the minimum VEGF promoter mediating transcriptional repression by E2F1 features an E2F1- binding site with four Sp-1 sites in close proximity. These data disclose an unexpected function of endogenous E2F1: regulation of angiogenic activity via p53-dependent transcriptional control of VEGF expression.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
291. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
- Author
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Dinesh D, Baker B, and Carter JM
- Subjects
- Aged, Aortic Valve, Female, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Humans, Perioperative Care, Postoperative Complications prevention & control, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cardiopulmonary Bypass adverse effects, Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal complications
- Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired haemolytic anaemia. Cardiac bypass surgery in patients with PNH may be complicated by aggravation of haemolysis in addition to increased risk of infection, renal failure, bleeding and thrombosis. We describe a case of uncomplicated cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for aortic valve replacement and aortoplasty in a patient with PNH and discuss some recommendations to reduce the risk of peri-operative complications.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
292. Functional disruption of alpha4 integrin mobilizes bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitors and augments ischemic neovascularization.
- Author
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Qin G, Ii M, Silver M, Wecker A, Bord E, Ma H, Gavin M, Goukassian DA, Yoon YS, Papayannopoulou T, Asahara T, Kearney M, Thorne T, Curry C, Eaton L, Heyd L, Dinesh D, Kishore R, Zhu Y, and Losordo DW
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Marrow, Cell Movement, Endothelial Cells, Integrin alpha4 genetics, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Integrin alpha4 metabolism, Myocardial Ischemia physiopathology, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Stem Cells physiology
- Abstract
The cell surface receptor alpha4 integrin plays a critical role in the homing, engraftment, and maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Down-regulation or functional blockade of alpha4 integrin or its ligand vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mobilizes long-term HPCs. We investigated the role of alpha4 integrin in the mobilization and homing of BM endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). EPCs with endothelial colony-forming activity in the BM are exclusively alpha4 integrin-expressing cells. In vivo, a single dose of anti-alpha4 integrin antibody resulted in increased circulating EPC counts for 3 d. In hindlimb ischemia and myocardial infarction, systemically administered anti-alpha4 integrin antibody increased recruitment and incorporation of BM EPCs in newly formed vasculature and improved functional blood flow recovery and tissue preservation. Interestingly, BM EPCs that had been preblocked with anti-alpha4 integrin ex vivo or collected from alpha4 integrin-deficient mice incorporated as well as control cells into the neovasculature in ischemic sites, suggesting that alpha4 integrin may be dispensable or play a redundant role in EPC homing to ischemic tissue. These data indicate that functional disruption of alpha4 integrin may represent a potential angiogenic therapy for ischemic disease by increasing the available circulating supply of EPCs.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
293. Review of positive direct antiglobulin tests found on cord blood sampling.
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Blood Banks, Early Diagnosis, Erythroblastosis, Fetal therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mother-Child Relations, New Zealand, Phototherapy, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Coombs Test methods, Erythroblastosis, Fetal blood, Erythroblastosis, Fetal diagnosis, Fetal Blood
- Abstract
Unlabelled: Until recently, all babies born in Wellington had umbilical cord blood sampling for direct antiglobulin test (DAT). It is considered to be an important test in identifying babies who are at risk of haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)., Objective: The aim of this review was to examine the utility of positive DAT results and ascertain: -- How many cases required phototherapy? -- Were any babies readmitted for phototherapy? -- Did the positive DAT influence the detection and treatment of HDN?, Methods: The clinical records of all newborn babies found to have positive DATs by Wellington Hospital Blood Bank, over a 6-month period (January 2001-June 2001) were reviewed. Blood group serological results of all babies that received phototherapy during this period were also reviewed., Results: Ninety-four babies had a positive DAT, of which 22 (23%) received phototherapy. The incidence of a positive cord blood DAT was found to be 5.5%. In total, 1724 cord blood samples were analysed by Blood Bank over the first 6 months in 2001. Overall 145 babies received phototherapy, 117 were DAT-negative and six were not tested. Six of the 22 (27%) DAT-positive babies that received phototherapy were alerted by a positive DAT, leading to measurement of serum bilirubin (SBR). Twelve of the 22 (55%) were initially alerted by clinical jaundice, leading to measurement of SBR. Two DAT-positive cases were diagnosed antenatally, both were due to anti-D. Overall 10 babies were readmitted for phototherapy, two had a positive DAT. One baby received an exchange transfusion in addition to phototherapy. Two babies that received phototherapy had SBRs in the exchange transfusion range. Eighty-six per cent of the DAT-positive cases treated with phototherapy were due to anti-A. There were four cases of DAT-negative ABO HDN., Conclusions: The positive predictive value of a positive DAT for HDN is 23%. The sensitivity was estimated to be 86%. Ten babies required readmission for phototherapy, two of these were DAT-positive. Jaundice, rather than the positive DAT, was the first alert in the majority of cases of HDN requiring phototherapy. Recommendations for testing are discussed but remain controversial in practice. Assessment for hyperbilirubinaemia in all infants early in life is fundamental.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
294. Primary testicular lymphoma.
- Author
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Lobo FD, Bansal R, Naik R, Pai MR, and Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Biopsy, Needle, Bone Marrow Cells pathology, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Cyclophosphamide therapeutic use, Doxorubicin therapeutic use, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Second Primary diagnosis, Neoplasms, Second Primary therapy, Prednisone therapeutic use, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Salvage Therapy, Testicular Neoplasms therapy, Vincristine therapeutic use, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse diagnosis, Testicular Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 1998
295. Ingrowing toe nail.
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Humans, Methods, Nails, Ingrown surgery
- Published
- 1979
296. ACC and physiotherapy.
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Humans, Physical Therapy Modalities
- Published
- 1979
297. Pillphilia!
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Aged, Humans, Drug Prescriptions, Substance-Related Disorders
- Published
- 1979
298. Hope sustains life.
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Attitude, Physician-Patient Relations
- Published
- 1979
299. Real and true healer.
- Author
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Dinesh D
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, New Zealand, Disease psychology, Therapeutics standards
- Published
- 1979
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