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The shape dependence for the technologically important nickel oxide (NiO) nanocrystals on (001) strontium titanate substrates is investigated under the generalized Wulff-Kaichew (GWK) theorem framework. It is found that the shape of the NiO nanocrystals is primarily governed by the existence (or absence) of interfacial strain. Nanocrystals that have a fully pseudomorphic interface with the substrate (i.e. the epitaxial strain is not relaxed) form an embedded smooth ball-crown morphology with {001}, {011}, {111} and high-index {113} exposed facets with a negative Wulff point. On the other hand, when the interfacial strain is relaxed by misfit dislocations, the nanocrystals take on a truncated pyramidal shape, bounded by {111} faces and a {001} flat top, with a positive Wulff point. Our quantitative model is able to predict both experimentally observed shapes and sizes with good accuracy. Given the increasing demand for hetero-epitaxial nanocrystals in various physio-chemical and electro-chemical functional devices, these results lay the important groundwork in exploiting the GWK theorem as a general analytical approach to explain hetero-epitaxial nanocrystal growth on oxide substrates governed by interface strain.

Piezoelectrics interconvert mechanical energy and electric charge and are widely used in actuators and sensors. The best performing materials are ferroelectrics at a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), where several phases can intimately coexist. Switching between these phases by electric field produces a large electromechanical response. In the ferroelectric BiFeO$_3$, strain can be used to create an MPB-like phase mixture and thus to generate large electric field dependent strains. However, this enhanced response occurs at localized, randomly positioned regions of the film, which potentially complicates nanodevice design. Here, we use epitaxial strain and orientation engineering in tandem - anisotropic epitaxy - to craft a hitherto unavailable low-symmetry phase of BiFeO$_3$ which acts as a structural bridge between the rhombohedral-like and tetragonal-like polymorphs. Interferometric displacement sensor measurements and first-principle calculations reveal that under external electric bias, this phase undergoes a transition to the tetragonal-like polymorph, generating a piezoelectric response enhanced by over 200%, and associated giant field-induced reversible strain. These results offer a new route to engineer giant electromechanical properties in thin films, with broader perspectives for other functional oxide systems., 20 pages, 4 figures

Background: It has been proposed that some risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with and contribute to the development of all cause of dementia. Our aim was to examine the short trends and associated factors of cognitive impairment among a eastern Chinese population at high risk of CVD. Methods: We used a convenience sampling strategy to select 7 subdistricts in Zhejiang province, which was a part of China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) project. Participants in 2018 (n=3089) and in 2020 (n=3082) at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province with registry for the PEACE Project. Participants completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations including of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) tests. Age-, gender- standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the sixth population census for population of China. Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations between the risk for all-cause dementia. Trial registration number was NCT02536456.Results: There was an increase prevalence of dementia and MCI among the individuals at high risk of CVD between 2018 and 2020. It showed that older age, lower education levels, having a medical history of hypertension, stroke and diabetes, having the family history of hypertension, heavy drinking, depression, and obesity were associated with dementia, while female might be a protective factor for dementia.Conclusion: More population-based strategies should be focusing on modifiable risk factors of dementia, such as CVD risk factors.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The importance values of a patch (dPC) value, ecological type and specific landscape of each ecological source in Shenzhen City. Table S2. Comparisons of ecological network structure analysis between the optimized and initial ecological networks. α is the network closure index; β is network connectivity degree index; and γ is the network connectivity rate index.

This study focused on the victims of coworker envy and presented a comprehensive model of being envied by coworkers to explore its antecedents and consequences in the hospitality context. Based on a sample of 232 employee-supervisor dyads in five Chinese hotels, we found that competitive goal interdependence fostered coworker envy, whereas cooperative goal interdependence prevented it. Further, the experience of being envied by coworkers undermined the frontline hospitality employees' social exchange relationship with coworkers. This in turn prevented them from engaging in organizational citizenship behavior directed at their organizations (OCBO) and specific individuals (OCBI) such as organization members. In addition, envied employees' others' approval of the contingent self-esteem was found to strengthen (1) the direct effect of being envied by coworkers on coworker exchange and (2) the indirect effect of being envied by coworkers on OCBO and OCBI via coworker exchange.

Image resolution that has close relations with accuracy and computational cost plays a pivotal role in network training. In this paper, we observe that the reduced image retains relatively complete shape semantics but loses extensive texture information. Inspired by the consistency of the shape semantics as well as the fragility of the texture information, we propose a novel training strategy named Temporally Resolution Decrement. Wherein, we randomly reduce the training images to a smaller resolution in the time domain. During the alternate training with the reduced images and the original images, the unstable texture information in the images results in a weaker correlation between the texture-related patterns and the correct label, naturally enforcing the model to rely more on shape properties that are robust and conform to the human decision rule. Surprisingly, our approach greatly improves both the training and inference efficiency of convolutional neural networks. On ImageNet classification, using only 33\% calculation quantity (randomly reducing the training image to 112$\times$112 within 90\% epochs) can still improve ResNet-50 from 76.32\% to 77.71\%. Superimposed with the strong training procedure of ResNet-50 on ImageNet, our method achieves 80.42\% top-1 accuracy with saving 37.5\% calculation overhead. To the best of our knowledge this is the highest ImageNet single-crop accuracy on ResNet-50 under 224$\times$224 without extra data or distillation.

Cardiovascular factors increased the risk of dementia. We investigated the associations between such factors, and tested that if a population with a high level of cardiovascular risk would have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Participants (n=3082; ages=55+; 46.4% female) at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province Registry for PEACE Million Persons Project, completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations. Age-, gender- standardized prevalence rates were calculated based on the sixth population census for population of China. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to ascertain the risk factors of dementia. Trial registration number: NCT02536456. There was a high prevalence of cognitive Impairment, coupled with the fact that stroke, diabetes, hypertension and depression were significant risk factors. Cognitive impairment are highly prevalent among elderly at high risk of CVD in Zhejiang province. More population-based strategies, including preventing CVD and reducing cardiovascular risk factors would be an effective way to reduce the dementia burden.

The network technology plays an important role in the emerging industry 4.0. Industrial control systems (ICS) are related to all aspects of human life and have become the target of cyber-attackers. Attacks on ICS may not only cause economic loss, but also damage equipment and hurt staff. The biggest challenges in establishing a secure network communication system is how to effectively detect and prevent malicious network behavior. A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) can be deployed as a defense mechanism for cyberattacks. However, for industrial internet-of-things (IIoT) applications with limited computing resources, designing an effective NIDS is challenging. In this paper, we propose to use machine learning as the core technology to build a compact and effective NIDS for IIoT. The proposed method is validated by using the more recent UNSW-NB 15 dataset to improve the detection capability against new types of attacks in the real world. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method is also valid for traditional KDD-CUP-99 dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than previous methods.

3D games have become popular in recent years. However, it is easy to produce a symptom when playing games, called 3D discomfort or motion sickness. The current explanations mostly focus on the authenticity of the game or the differences in the physiological level of the viewer. There is a rare discussion about whether the game causes human visual and brain discomfort which are caused by the 3D game production process. As many people feel uncomfortable with 3D games, the players gradually lose enthusiasm for the game. This study aims to understand motion sickness through the experiment and confirm that the field of view and viewing distance causes motion sickness through data collection. The experiment in this study has open and closed scenarios for psychological and physical tests. In the experiment, the players determine the most comfortable and uncomfortable vision and distance. The responses using a questionnaire are collected and analyzed in the online community. Based on the data, we test whether motion sickness occurs in different scenarios. The result helps prevent motion sickness in the game and allows players to enjoy the game. The result also provides basic data to prevent motion sickness in the game.

Background The risk of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab) for the treatment of rheumatic diseases leading to infection events has not yet been established. This meta-analysis aims to assess the risk of developing serious infections of three TNF-α inhibitors for rheumatic diseases.Methods A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library was conducted through December 2018. Selecting the RCTs which subjects were diagnosed as rheumatoid diseases according to ACR criteria or other authoritative diagnostic criteria and over 18-year-old. Finally, RCTs with Jadad score greater than or equal to 4 were included in this meta-analysis. The Odds Ratio (OR), Confidence Interval (CI) and p value were calculated to assess the risk of serious infections. Results 34 RCTs involving 14166 subjects were included, including 11 RCTs for infliximab, 7 RCTs for etanercept, and 16 for adalimumab. Meta-analysis demonstrated that, with the pooled OR of 1.29 (95%CI 1.04 to 1.60), the TNF-α inhibitors group had a higher risk of serious infection than control group. In the subgroup analysis, infliximab and adalimumab had a higher risk of serious infection than control group, and the pooled ORs were 1.48 (p=0.03) and 1.47 (p=0.03), respectively. For other infections including pneumonia, upper respiratory infection, and nasopharyngitis, the risks of these adverse events were higher in experimental group than control group, while the risk of tuberculosis were not, with the pooled OR of 2.31 (p=0.08）.Conclusions TNF-α inhibitors, especially infliximab and adalimumab, can increase the risk of infections. Among the infections, pneumonia, upper respiratory infection and nasopharyngitis have higher risks in TNF-α inhibitors group than control group. As a result, we summarized that TNF-α inhibitors can increase the risks of respiratory infection when used in rheumatic disease. It is suggested that clinicians should pay attention to the prevention of respiratory infections when using TNF-α inhibitors, so as to achieve a better prognosis for patients with rheumatism.

Persistent local oxygen delivery is crucial to create a microenvironment for cell survival and nerve regeneration in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aimed to fabricate calcium peroxide-based microspheres incorporated into a 3-D construct scaffold as a novel oxygen release therapy for SCI. The scaffolds were able to generate oxygen over the course of 21 days when incubated under hypoxic conditions. In vitro, GFP-labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were planted into the scaffolds. We observed that scaffolds could enhance MSC survival under hypoxic conditions for more than 21 days. Oxygen generating scaffolds were transplanted into spinal cord injury sites of rats in vivo. Twelve weeks following transplantation, cavity areas in the injury/graft site were significantly reduced due to tissue regeneration. Additionally, the oxygen generating scaffolds improved revascularization as observed through vWF immunostaining. A striking feature was the occurrence of nerve fiber regeneration in the lesion sites, which eventually led to significant locomotion recovery. The present results indicate that the oxygen generating scaffolds have the property of sustained local oxygen release, thus facilitating regeneration in injured spinal cords.

Purpose Drawing from self-determination theory, this study aims to examine the effect of leader humor on frontline hospitality employees' service performance and proactive customer service performance (PCSP) via harmonious passion (HP) for work with employee neuroticism as the moderating mechanism. Design/methodology/approach This study controlled for the nested effect and tested all the hypotheses with Mplus 7.0 using a time-lagged three-wave survey of 232 Chinese supervisor-subordinate dyads. Findings The results indicated that leader humor promotes frontline hospitality employees' service performance and PCSP by enhancing their HP. Furthermore, neuroticism was shown to strengthen the direct impact of leader humor on employee HP and its indirect impact on employee service performance and employee PCSP through HP. Originality/value First, this research contributes to the leader humor literature through exploring its impact on the service performance and PCSP of frontline hospitality employees. Second, this research develops a new framework to explain the leader humor-employee service outcomes relationship using self-determination theory. Finally, the focus on the moderating role of neuroticism helps to explain the "when" question of leader humor.

Coastal waters are polluted by heavy metals to varying degrees, posing potential risks to marine ecology and human health. In May 2006, the pollution levels, sources, and ecological risks of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, and As) in seawater, surface sediments, and living organisms were studied in Jiuzhen Bay in Fujian, China. This study identified Hg (0.26–0.72 µg/L) and As (20.3–31.5 µg/L) pollution in the seawater of Jiuzhen Bay. In sediments, heavy Pb pollution (946 µg/g dw) was only detected at one station at a level posing very serious potential risk, while Hg pollution (0.052–0.087 µg/g dw) was observed at three stations at a level posing serious potential risk. No heavy metal pollution was detected in sediments at other stations. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) exceeded the corresponding National Quality Standards for oysters, indicating heavy pollution, based on an ecological risk assessment. In clams, two heavy metals (Pb and As) exceeded the standards, indicating light pollution, based on an ecological risk assessment. No heavy metal pollution was found in fish or shrimps. The heavy metals in the seawater and sediments of Jiuzhen Bay are mainly derived from the river discharges of Luxi and Wujiang Rivers although sewage discharge along the coast of Jiuzhen Bay is another source of heavy metal pollution at some stations. Given the pollution of Pb, Hg, and As in seawater and sediments at some stations within the bay, the potential risks of Pb, Hg, and As in living organisms to both the marine ecology and human health deserve increased attention.

Focusing on the Yangtze River economic zone, the previous geological researches are systematically summarized, resources and environment conditions and major geological problems which are needing to be concerned in land planning and construction are studied. The results show that the resource conditions of cultivated land, shale gas, geotherm, lithium and so on are superior in the Yangtze River economic zone, and the resources and environment conditions are conducive to develop the modern agriculture, clean energy industry and strategic emerging industries. 3×1013 m2 farmlands without heavy metal pollution are concentrated; there are three national level shale gas exploration and development bases with explored reserves of 5.441×1011 m3; geothermal availability is 2.4×109 t of standard coal each year, equivalent to 19% of the amount of coal in 2014; Asia’s largest energy lithium metal ore deposit is found. In some parts of Yangtze River economic zone, there are some major geological problems such as active faults, karst collapse, ground subsidence, landslide-collapse-debris flow, affecting the river-crossing channels, high-speed railway, urban agglomeration and green ecological corridor planning and construction. Those problems should be concerned, and the relevant suggestions and countermeasures are put forward. Meanwhile, the ideas to further support the development of the Yangtze River economic zone are put forward.