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Intraocular infections are prevalent after traumatic injuries or after common ocular surgeries. Infections cause inflammation that can damage the retina and architecture of the eye, often resulting in poor visual outcomes. Severe cases may result in blindness or require enucleation of the eye. Treatments for intraocular infections include intravitreal antibiotics and corticosteroids or surgical vitrectomy in serious cases. The increase in multidrug-resistant infections calls for novel treatment options. In the present study, a biomimetic erythrocyte-derived nanosponge was tested for the ability to neutralize pore-forming toxins from the most frequent Gram-positive bacterial causes of intraocular infections (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus). Nanosponge pretreatment of supernatants reduced hemolytic activity in vitro. In a murine sterile endophthalmitis model, nanosponge pretreatment of injected supernatants resulted in greater retinal function and less ocular pathology compared to that in eyes injected with untreated supernatants from all pathogens except methicillin-resistant S. aureus In a murine bacterial endophthalmitis model, treatment with gatifloxacin and gatifloxacin-nanosponges reduced intraocular bacterial burdens, except in the case of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus For all pathogens, eyes in both treatment groups showed decreased ocular pathology and inflammation. Overall, reductions in retinal function loss afforded by gatifloxacin-nanosponge treatment were significant for E. faecalis, S. pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus but not for B. cereus and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus These results suggest that clinical improvements in intraocular infections following nanosponge treatment were dependent on the complexity and types of toxins produced. Nanosponges might serve as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of ocular infections.IMPORTANCE Endophthalmitis is a blinding consequen

Mengchun Chen,1,2 Ledan Wang,1 Fang Wang,1 Fan Li,3 Weiliang Xia,3 Hongchen Gu,3 Yijie Chen11Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: Combining siRNA and other chemotherapeutic agents into one nanocarrier can overcome the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon by synergistically MDR relative genes silencing and elevated chemotherapeutic activity. Most of these systems are typically fabricated through complicated procedures, which involves materials preparation, drug loading and modifications. Herein, the purpose of this study is to develop a new and fast co-delivery system of siRNA and doxorubicin for potentially synergistic cancer treatment.Methods: The co-delivery system is constructed conveniently by a stable complex consisting of doxorubicin bound to siRNA via intercalation firstly, followed by interacting with (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) electrostatically and Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) co-condensed, and the characterizations of the resultant nanocarrier are also investigated. Furthermore, this study evaluates the synergistic anti-cancer efficacy in MCF-7/MDR cells after treatment of siRNA and doxorubicin ‘two in one’ nanocarriers.Results: We establish a new and fast method to craft a co-delivery system of siRNA and doxorubicin with controllable and nearly uniform size, and the entire fabrication process only costs in about 10 minutes. The resultant co-delivery system presents high loading capacities of siRN

As the most common nutritional disorder, iron deficiency represents a major public health problem with broad impacts on physical and mental development. However, treatment is often compromised by low iron bioavailability and undesired side effects. Here, we report on the development of active mineral delivery vehicles using Mg-based micromotors, which can autonomously propel in gastrointestinal fluids, aiding in the dynamic delivery of minerals. Iron and selenium are combined as a model mineral payload in the micromotor platform. We demonstrate the ability of our mineral-loaded micromotors to replenish iron and selenium stores in an anemic mouse model after 30 days of treatment, normalizing hematological parameters such as red blood count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Additionally, the micromotor platform exhibits no toxicity after the treatment regimen. This proof-of-concept study indicates that micromotor-based active delivery of mineral supplements represents an attractive approach toward alleviating nutritional deficiencies.

Lin J, Jia C, Wang Y, et al Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:1461–1472On page 1461, Dr Yijie Chen’s name should read from Yijie Chen3,7 to Yijie Chen7.The authors apologize for this oversight as Dr Chen does not belong to affiliation 3.Read the original article

Jinti Lin,1–3 Chang Jia,3,4 Yongli Wang,5 Shanghong Jiang,3 Zhenyu Jia,6 Nan Chen,3 Shimin Sheng,3 Shihen Li,1–3 Liangfu Jiang,1–3 Huazi Xu,1–3 Kailiang Zhou,1–3 Yijie Chen3,71Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China; 2Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China; 3The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China; 4Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Orthopaedics, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313300, People’s Republic of China; 6School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: Random skin flap is frequently used in plastic and reconstructive surgery, but its distal part often occurs ischemia and necrosis. Pravastatin (Prava) with bioactivities of pro-angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress, may be beneficial for flap survival.Materials and methods: A modified McFarlane flap model was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into the Control and Prava groups and treated as follows: the Prava group was injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg Prava for consecutive 7 days, and the Control group received an equal volume of vehicle daily. On day 7, the necrosis skin flaps were observed, while visualization of blood flow below the tissue surface was performed by Laser Doppler