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By trying to put in a common place some trajectories of women and men, we point out conditions of entry and permanence in a career made through the football. Using the concept of "life project" we emphasize some meanings of "dreams", "bets" and "promises" which some footballers choose to remain, and some times, give up to play football. The reflection in this paper attempts to demonstrate how the football played by women and men in a given historical context exposes dissonant conditions under which some trajectories deals with contemporary celebrities and, in a certain way, remake their relationship with fame and recognition, in sum, with power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A Doença Hemorrágica do Recém-Nascidos é tida como uma condição rara e mesmo apresentando considerável sucesso com sua prevenção, pesquisas apontam que a incidência da doença indica exponencial aumento dos casos. Sendo assim, é crucial abordar sobre a temática, visando expandir o reconhecimento acerca da importância da vitamina K como prevenção e tratamento, tanto para profissionais da saúde, quanto para a população de modo geral.

The administration of contraceptives in female cats leads to problems such as pyometra, fetal maceration, mammary hyperplasia, and mammary neoplasms. Among the diseases caused by contraceptives, mammary hyperplasia has only been diagnosed in felines. However, few experimental studies have shown that contraceptive administration can cause feline mammary hyperplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of a single dose of contraceptives in the mammary glands of healthy cats. Twenty cat owners who had administered contraceptives to female cats were selected. Animals were divided into two groups. Contraceptives were administered to cats in the first group, and saline solution was administered to cats in the other group (control). Before drug administration, all cats were clinically examined. Anamnesis, physical examination, blood count, biochemical tests, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Thirty days after the administration of contraceptives, all cats were examined, and the examinations were repeated. At 30 days, no changes were observed in the blood count or ultrasound findings. However, upon physical examination, all cats that received contraceptives showed generalized enlargement of their mammary glands. Cats in the control group were clinically normal. Ninety days after the procedure, the cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy. At that time, all cats were clinically normal and mammary enlargement regressed. It was concluded that a single contraceptive application could cause macroscopic mammary changes suggestive of hyperplasia in ten cats.

The high incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the period of 2015–2016 in Brazil may have affected linear height growth velocity (GV) in children exposed in utero to ZIKV. This study describes the growth velocity and nutritional status based on the World Organization (WHO) standards of children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy and followed up in a tertiary unit, a reference for tropical and infectious diseases in the Amazon. Seventy-one children born between March 2016 and June 2018 were monitored for anthropometric indices: z-score for body mass index (BMI/A); weight (W/A); height (H/A) and head circumference (HC/A); and growth velocity. The mean age at the last assessment was 21.1 months (SD ± 8.93). Four children had congenital microcephaly and severe neurological impairment. The other 67 were non-microcephalic children (60 normocephalic and 7 macrocephalic); of these; 24.2% (16 children) had neurological alterations, and 28.8% (19 children) had altered neuropsychomotor development. Seventeen (24.2%) children had inadequate GV (low growth velocity). The frequencies of low growth among microcephalic and non-microcephalic patients are 25% (1 of 4 children) and 23.9% (16 of 67 children); respectively. Most children had normal BMI/A values during follow-up. Microcephalic patients showed low H/A and HC/A throughout the follow-up, with a significant reduction in the HC/A z-score. Non-microcephalic individuals are within the regular ranges for H/A; HC/A; and W/A, except for the H/A score for boys. This study showed low growth velocity in children with and without microcephaly, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation of all children born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infections with Flavivirus in pregnant women are not associated with vertical transmission. However, in 2015, severe cases of congenital infection were reported during the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. More subtle infections in children born to mothers with ZIKV still remain uncertain and the spectrum of this new congenital syndrome is still under construction. This study describes outcomes regarding neurodevelopment and neurological examination in the first years of life, of a cohort of 77 children born to pregnant women with ZIKV infection in Manaus, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. In the group of normocephalic children (92.2%), most showed satisfactory performance in neuropsychomotor development, with a delay in 29.6% and changes in neurological examination in 27.1%, with two children showing muscle-strength deficits. All microcephalic children (5.2%) evolved with severe neuropsychomotor-development delay, spastic tetraparesis, and alterations in the imaging exam. In this cohort, 10.5% of the children had macrocephaly at birth, but only 2.6% remained in this classification. Although microcephaly has been considered as the main marker of congenital-Zika-virus syndrome in previous studies, its absence does not exclude the possibility of the syndrome. This highlights the importance of clinical follow-up, regardless of the classification of head circumference at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is composed of large ecosystems with vast biodiversity in fauna and flora. Agriculture and livestock farming provides an interaction between humans and domestic and wild animals, which favors the dissemination of infectious and parasitic agents. Wild rodents present a wide ecological diversity; therefore, it is necessary to know which species may be carriers of pathogens. This study aims to identify endo and ectoparasites, and hemoparasites in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy (Galea spixii Wangler, 1831), and determine the hematological parameters of this species. The study was carried out with 16 adult specimens from both sexes, captured in the rural areas of Remigio and Areia, Paraiba State, northeastern Brazil. All Spix's yellow-toothed cavies presented ectoparasites, Gliricola quadrisetosa, Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides caviae, and endoparasites identified by the presence of Nematode eggs, Cestode eggs, and coccidian oocysts in the stool samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of parasitism by Gyropus ovalis, Laelaps sp. and Chirodiscoides cavia in Spix's yellow-toothed cavy. Animals tested negative by PCR for hemotropic Mycoplasma sp., Babesia sp., Ehrlichia sp., and Bartonella sp. For the first time, the hematological profile of these animals was determined. These results can be the basis for future research with the species, which can be used as a sample animal in experiments in clinical settings as an epidemiological guide since this species is routinely used by impoverished populations in the Northeastern region of Brazil as pets, as well as a source of protein.

A gastronomia é uma área multidisciplinar. Desse modo, os docentes podem explorar de forma positiva as possibilidades no ensino. Ela pode transformar alimentos e produtos como lambedores para sua aplicação na alimentação. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar e registrar as ações desenvolvidas no projeto integrador intitulado “Da medicina ancestral para nossa mesa”, desenvolvido com a proposta de responder ao questionamento: “É possível a aplicação de lambedores e suas respectivas ervas no preparo alimentar de cunho gastronômico?”. O conteúdo trabalhado buscou focar na (re)apresentação de ervas medicinais aplicadas na gastronomia por meio da produção de um jantar. Os discentes efetuaram os testes no laboratório de gastronomia para o desenvolvimento de experimentos práticos na construção de pratos. Foram elaboradas fichas técnicas com base nas produções. Realizou-se a análise de recursos financeiros, humanos, tecnológicos, processos e seleção de insumos para dar continuidade ao evento. Conclui-se que a realização de projeto integrador beneficiou alunos com conhecimento, por meio da pesquisa e do desenvolvimento de ações. Constatou-se o amadurecimento dos discentes na autonomia para construir ações gastronômicas.

COVID-19, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide due to lethal pneumonia and respiratory distress. In addition, the central nervous system (CNS) is well documented to be a target of SARS-CoV-2, and studies detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) was suggested to be the major route of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain. Functionally, the BBB is created by an interactome between endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, which form the neurovascular units (NVU). However, at present, the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the NVU and the outcomes of this process are largely unknown. Moreover, age was described as one of the most prominent risk factors for hospitalization and deaths, along with other comorbidities such as diabetes and co-infections. This review will discuss the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the NVU, the expression profile of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the different cell types of the CNS and the possible role of aging in the neurological outcomes of COVID-19. A special emphasis will be placed on mitochondrial functions because dysfunctional mitochondria are also a strong inducer of inflammatory reactions and the "cytokine storm" associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we will discuss possible drug therapies to treat neural endothelial function in aged patients, and, thus, alleviate the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the period of 2015–2016 in Brazil may have affected linear height growth velocity (GV) in children exposed in utero to ZIKV. This study describes the growth velocity and nutritional status based on the World Organization (WHO) standards of children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy and followed up in a tertiary unit, a reference for tropical and infectious diseases in the Amazon. Seventy-one children born between March 2016 and June 2018 were monitored for anthropometric indices: z-score for body mass index (BMI/A); weight (W/A); height (H/A) and head circumference (HC/A); and growth velocity. The mean age at the last assessment was 21.1 months (SD ± 8.93). Four children had congenital microcephaly and severe neurological impairment. The other 67 were non-microcephalic children (60 normocephalic and 7 macrocephalic); of these; 24.2% (16 children) had neurological alterations, and 28.8% (19 children) had altered neuropsychomotor development. Seventeen (24.2%) children had inadequate GV (low growth velocity). The frequencies of low growth among microcephalic and non-microcephalic patients are 25% (1 of 4 children) and 23.9% (16 of 67 children); respectively. Most children had normal BMI/A values during follow-up. Microcephalic patients showed low H/A and HC/A throughout the follow-up, with a significant reduction in the HC/A z-score. Non-microcephalic individuals are within the regular ranges for H/A; HC/A; and W/A, except for the H/A score for boys. This study showed low growth velocity in children with and without microcephaly, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation of all children born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy.

ABSTRACT. Background: Clinical follow-up studies are necessary for a better understanding of the evolution of cognitive impairment as well as the development of better assessment and intervention tools. Objective: To investigate whether older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) show differences in clinical outcomes and interventions after a 32-month period. Methods: One hundred twenty-four community-dwelling older people were included and classified in one of three groups (PC, MCI and mild AD). Information on clinical outcomes (deaths, new diagnoses, falls, need for assistance or changes in routine and hospitalizations) and interventions (increased use of medication, physiotherapeutic intervention, practice of physical exercise, etc.) in the 32-month period were collected by telephone or during a home visit on a single day. Results: Ninety-five participants (35 with PC, 33 with MCI and 27 with AD) were reevaluated after 32 months. The need for assistance/changes in routine was significantly higher in the AD group, especially with regard to basic activities of daily living. Unlike the other groups, the PC group did not show “other diagnoses” (urinary incontinence, prolapse, change in vision or autoimmune disease). No significant differences were found regarding other variables. Conclusions: Older people with and without cognitive impairment exhibited differences in some clinical outcomes after 32 months, such as need for assistance or changes in their routine and new diagnoses of specific diseases. Therefore, the multidimensionality of geriatric patients should be considered when planning assessments and interventions.

Infections with Flavivirus in pregnant women are not associated with vertical transmission. However, in 2015, severe cases of congenital infection were reported during the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil. More subtle infections in children born to mothers with ZIKV still remain uncertain and the spectrum of this new congenital syndrome is still under construction. This study describes outcomes regarding neurodevelopment and neurological examination in the first years of life, of a cohort of 77 children born to pregnant women with ZIKV infection in Manaus, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. In the group of normocephalic children (92.2%), most showed satisfactory performance in neuropsychomotor development, with a delay in 29.6% and changes in neurological examination in 27.1%, with two children showing muscle-strength deficits. All microcephalic children (5.2%) evolved with severe neuropsychomotor-development delay, spastic tetraparesis, and alterations in the imaging exam. In this cohort, 10.5% of the children had macrocephaly at birth, but only 2.6% remained in this classification. Although microcephaly has been considered as the main marker of congenital-Zika-virus syndrome in previous studies, its absence does not exclude the possibility of the syndrome. This highlights the importance of clinical follow-up, regardless of the classification of head circumference at birth.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate educational self-care technology for informal caregivers. Methods: methodological study, anchored in the Delphi technique, carried out in a municipality in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between September 2018 and November 2019. It was developed in three stages: situational diagnosis; elaboration of educational technology; content and appearance validation by expert judges and informal caregivers, using the content validity index and coefficient of variation. Results: after the steps of the methodological process, an educational technology called “Taking Care of Those Who Care” was produced, as an information tool that deals with the self-care of informal caregivers, receiving a content validity index above 0.86 and a variation coefficient. below 20% on all items. Conclusions: the educational technology was built and evaluated with satisfactory rates by the specialists and target audience, showing a high correlation of agreement, characterizing it as adequate and informative to informal caregivers.

Objetivo: analisar a acessibilidade ao diagnóstico da hipertensão arterial na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 417 pessoas, residentes em um município localizado no noroeste do estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre fevereiro a junho de 2016, por meio de um instrumento adaptado e validado para avaliação dos serviços ofertados a pessoas com hipertensão arterial na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Na análise dos dados, aplicou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: constatou-se insatisfação quanto tempo gasto para deslocar-se até os serviços de saúde, necessidade de procurar atendimento por mais de três vezes para receber o diagnóstico, tempo de espera superior a 60 minutos para ser atendido e atraso ou perda de dia de trabalho. Conclusão: Tais achados refletem a importância de reorganizar a gestão e o planejamento de ações de saúde, com vistas a tornar os serviços de saúde pública mais equânime, resolutivo e longitudinal.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the partial replacement effect on body measurements (body mass, muscle thickness, and fat thickness) of the concentrated fraction of foals’ diet with a protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine during the post-weaning period. Eighteen Mangalarga Marchador foals were randomly divided into two groups in the post-weaning phase, with nine animals each in the control group (CG) and the group receiving protein supplementation (WG). Based on 4% of their body weight (BW), the CG animals received a diet with roughage to concentrate in a ratio of 50:50, which composed of Cynodon sp. hay and a 15% crude protein (CP) commercial horse ration. The WG diet consisted of the same amount of hay used for the CG diet, half the amount of concentrate used in the CG diet, and 102 g of a protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine. During the experiment, five evaluations were performed, starting on the day of weaning (day 0), followed by evaluations conducted at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after weaning. Body measurements, body mass, and thickness of the fat and muscle layers were assessed at each time point. The substitution of a portion of the commercial diet with protein supplement containing whey protein, glutamine, and lysine did not cause changes in the weight gain or linear measurements of Mangalarga Marchador foals during the post-weaning period; however, the change in diet increased muscle thickness and decreased fat thickness when compared to animals in the control group.

• Female rodents with adolescent food insecurity showed a greater trend of weight gain and significantly increased fat mass and liver fat accumulation on an obesogenic diet in adulthood. • Adolescent unpredictable food access increases susceptibility to diet-induced fat gain without impacting food motivation or food intake in female rodents. • These findings are among a small group of recent studies modeling food insecurity in rodents and suggest that adolescent food insecurity in females may have long-term implications for metabolic physiology later in life. • Female adolescent rodents with food insecurity or on a Western diet showed impaired hippocampal dependent learning and memory function. Food insecurity is defined as having limited or uncertain access to nutritious foods, and adolescent food insecurity is associated with obesity and disordered eating behaviors in humans. We developed a rodent model of adolescent food insecurity to determine whether adolescent food insecurity per se promotes increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and altered eating behaviors during adulthood. Female juvenile Wistar rats were singly housed and assigned to three experimental diets: food-secure with standard chow (CHOW), food-secure with a high-fat/sugar Western diet (WD), and food-insecure with WD (WD-FI). Food-secure rats (CHOW and WD) received meals at fixed feeding times (9:00, 13:00, and 16:00). WD-FI rats received meals at unpredictable intervals of the above-mentioned feeding times but had isocaloric amounts of food to WD. We investigated the impact of adolescent food insecurity on motivation for sucrose (Progressive Ratio), approach-avoidance behavior for palatable high-fat food (Approach-Avoidance task), and susceptibility to weight gain and hyperphagia when given an obesogenic choice diet. Secondary outcomes were the effects of food insecurity during development on anxiety-like behaviors (Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze) and learning and memory function (Novel Location Recognition task). Rodents with adolescent food insecurity showed a greater trend of weight gain and significantly increased fat mass and liver fat accumulation on an obesogenic diet in adulthood, despite no increases in motivation for sucrose or high-fat food. These data suggest that adolescent unpredictable food access increases susceptibility to diet-induced fat gain without impacting food motivation or food intake in female rodents. These findings are among a small group of recent studies modeling food insecurity in rodents and suggest that adolescent food insecurity in females may have long-term implications for metabolic physiology later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Pandemia da COVID-19 provocou profundas mudanças no contexto educacional do Brasil a partir da instauração do surto da doença e das orientações para a contenção do vírus através do isolamento social. Nesse estudo, partimos da seguinte questão norteadora: como ocorreu o planejamento e quais ferramentas foram usadas para a implementação do Ensino Remoto pela SME de Floriano-PI? O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e analisar os documentos produzidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) de Floriano-PI para o enfrentamento da Pandemia da COVID-19 nas escolas de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho se insere no campo da História do Tempo Presente, utilizando como fonte documental decretos, circulares, textos e normativas produzidos pela SME de Floriano para regulamentar as aulas não presenciais.

The cell wall has a critical role in the host immune response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the influence of two cell wall fractions of the dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) in the in vitro generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Monocytes were purified from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and cultivated for 7 days in medium supplemented with IL-4 and GM-CSF in the presence of Pb cell wall fractions: the alkali-insoluble F1, constituted by β-1,3-glucans, chitin and proteins, and the alkali-soluble F2, mainly constituted by α-glucan. MoDCs phenotypes were evaluated regarding cell surface expression of CD1a, DC-SIGN, HLA-DR, CD80, and CD83 and production of cytokines. The α-glucan-rich cell wall fraction downregulated the differentiation of CD1a+ MoDCs, a dendritic cell subset that stimulate Th1 responses. The presence of both cell fractions inhibited DC-SIGN and HLA-DR expression, while the expression of maturation markers was differentially induced in CD1a– MoDCs. Differentiation upon F1 and F2 stimulation induced mixed profile of inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Pb cell wall fractions differentially induce a dysregulation in DCs differentiation. Moreover, our results suggest that cell wall α-glucan promote the differentiation of CD1a– DCs, potentially favoring Th2 polarization and contributing to pathogen persistence.

The Zika virus can induce a disruptive sequence in the fetal brain and is manifested mainly by microcephaly. Knowledge gaps still exist as to whether the virus can cause minor disorders that are perceived later on during the first years of life in children who are exposed but are asymptomatic at birth. In this case series, we describe the outcomes related to neurodevelopment through the neurological assessment of 26 non-microcephalic children who had intrauterine exposure to Zika virus. Children were submitted for neurological examinations and Bayley Scales-III (cognition, language, and motor performance). The majority (65.4%) obtained satisfactory performance in neurodevelopment. The most impaired domain was language, with 30.7% impairment. Severe neurological disorders occurred in five children (19.2%) and these were spastic hemiparesis, epilepsy associated with congenital macrocephaly (Zika and human immunodeficiency virus), two cases of autism (one exposed to Zika and Toxoplasma gondii) and progressive sensorineural hearing loss (GJB2 mutation). We concluded that non-microcephalic children with intrauterine exposure to Zika virus, in their majority, had achieved satisfactory performance in all neurodevelopmental domains. One third of the cases had some impairment, but the predominant group had mild alterations, with low occurrence of moderate to severe disorders, similar to other studies in Brazil.

O mercado hoteleiro da cidade de São Paulo se encontra em um momento competitivo e as grandes redes hoteleiras buscam alternativas para captar e fidelizar clientes. Elas identificam no turista de negócios e eventos um grande potencial de compra, pois esse turista tem uma maior demanda por diversos serviços e produtos hoteleiros que geram maiores receitas, mais contratações de mão de obra, além de aumentar o gasto médio. Os eventos corporativos são os mais atendidos pelos hotéis paulistanos devido à localização e a praticidade, visto que os empresários encontram os serviços de alimentos e bebidas e todos os outros itens necessários para a realização de seus eventos em um único lugar. Diante desse cenário, os hotéis buscam investir em novas tecnologias para atrair novos clientes e planejar ações de melhorias como a expansão de suas áreas comuns. Fato esse que, é fortemente presente no hotel SB SP.

The aim of this work is to study the evolution of coastal tourist destinations consolidated from a compared analysis between Balneario Camboriu y Benidorm. These two destinations located in different territorial and touristic contexts, in which are contrasted empirically indicators of destinations evolution and evolutionary dynamics are linked to the resulting land-tourism model in each destination. The analysis allows us to contrast the tenets of classical evolutionary models (Butler, 1980) and incorporate the new approaches of evolutionary economic geography. Research defines the chronological periods of development of both locations to identify factors with the greatest impact on their evolution. An evolution marked mainly by geographical location, urban and tourism planning and management at different scales, the dependence of certain source markets and the influence of macroeconomic factors. A set of interrelated factors that draw disparate paths to the destinations analyzed.

O gênero Neotropical Pseustes Fitzinger, 1843 possui ampla distribuição nas florestas úmidas dos países das Américas Central e do Sul. No Brasil, P. sulphureus ocorre nos biomas Floresta Amazônica e Mata Atlântica. Em novembro de 2007 foi obtido o primeiro registro de P. sulphureus para o Estado do Alagoas, no município de Campo Alegre, Nordeste do Brasil. O espécime de P. sulphureus está depositado na coleção herpetológica do Museu de História Natural, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (MUFAL).

El turismo de sol y playa es el segmento que genera mayor flujo de turistas y representa un importante motor para el desarrollo de la actividad en muchos países. Sin embargo, la masificación, el deterioro ambiental, los cambios en la demanda y el aumento de la competencia han generado una preocupación por el futuro de los destinos consolidados de sol y playa. Para este análisis multi-casos se ha utilizado la investigación bibliográfica y se ha identificado la necesidad de conocer la evolución y situación actual de los destinos para planificar el futuro de la actividad, a la vez que se hacen imprescindibles herramientas que puedan ayudar a los planificadores a entender tales procesos y adoptar estrategias con mayores posibilidades de éxito, aumentando la competitividad de los destinos, y garantizando su sostenibilidad y la extensión del ciclo de vida.

The presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater effluents is recognized as the main factor limiting the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) onto activated carbon. The degree of the negative effect that DOM, depending on its quality, exerts on OMPs adsorption is still unclear. The influence of the interactions between DOM and OMPs on their removal is also not fully understood. Adsorption isotherms and conventional batch tests were performed in ultra-pure water and in wastewater effluent to study the influence of DOM on the adsorption of 12 OMPs onto powdered activated carbon. Best fit of adsorption pseudo-isotherms was obtained with the Freundlich equation and showed, as expected, that OMPs adsorption was higher in ultra-pure water than in wastewater effluent due to the presence of DOM leading to pore blockage and competition for adsorption sites. LC-OCD analysis revealed that biopolymers and hydrophobic molecules were the most adsorbed fractions while humic acids were not removed after a contact time of either 30 min or 72 h. The presence of DOM had a negative impact on the removal of all OMPs after 30 min of adsorption, but similar removals to ultra-pure water were obtained for 6 OMPs after 72 h of adsorption. This demonstrated that competition between DOM and OMPs for adsorption sites was not a major mechanism as compared to pore blockage, which only slowed down the adsorption and did not prevent it. The charge of OMPs had a clear impact: the adsorption of negatively charged compounds was reduced in the presence of wastewater effluent due to repulsive electrostatic interactions with the adsorbed DOM and the PAC surface. On the other hand, the removal of positively charged compounds was improved. A 24 h pre-equilibrium between OMPs and DOM improved their removal onto PAC, which suggest that OMPs and DOM interacted in solution which decreased the negative effects caused by the presence of DOM, e.g. through co-adsorption of an OMP-DOM complex. Image 1 • OMPs removal was lower in WWTP effluent than ultra-pure water due to DOM adsorption. • Pore blockage was the main negative effect rather than competition for adsorption sites. • OMPs charge had an impact on their adsorption rate in presence of wastewater. • A pre-equilibrium between OMPs and DOM decreased DOM negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigate prevalence of use and knowledge about emergency contraception (EC) among female university students from two higher education institutions., Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,740 undergraduates in the city of Santa Maria (RS), from May to October 2017. Information was collected in a semi-structured and self-administered 24-question questionnaire. The investigated variables were grouped into sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior, and knowledge of EC. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis, considering variables that presented p < 0.05. The model was adjusted using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test., Results: The prevalence of EC use among undergraduates was 52.9%. However, only 11.9% of respondents received guidance on EC, especially on how to use it. Only 0.2% of the participants marked 120 hours as the maximum time of use, and 25.7% considered the EC to be abortive. EC use was associated with the age of first sexual intercourse., Conclusion: EC use had a high prevalence among female university students, however, several gaps in method knowledge still exists and it demonstrates the importance of discussing this issue earlier and planning actions of an informative nature.

Background: Clinical follow-up studies are necessary for a better understanding of the evolution of cognitive impairment as well as the development of better assessment and intervention tools., Objective: To investigate whether older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) show differences in clinical outcomes and interventions after a 32-month period., Methods: One hundred twenty-four community-dwelling older people were included and classified in one of three groups (PC, MCI and mild AD). Information on clinical outcomes (deaths, new diagnoses, falls, need for assistance or changes in routine and hospitalizations) and interventions (increased use of medication, physiotherapeutic intervention, practice of physical exercise, etc.) in the 32-month period were collected by telephone or during a home visit on a single day., Results: Ninety-five participants (35 with PC, 33 with MCI and 27 with AD) were reevaluated after 32 months. The need for assistance/changes in routine was significantly higher in the AD group, especially with regard to basic activities of daily living. Unlike the other groups, the PC group did not show "other diagnoses" (urinary incontinence, prolapse, change in vision or autoimmune disease). No significant differences were found regarding other variables., Conclusions: Older people with and without cognitive impairment exhibited differences in some clinical outcomes after 32 months, such as need for assistance or changes in their routine and new diagnoses of specific diseases. Therefore, the multidimensionality of geriatric patients should be considered when planning assessments and interventions., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

The scope of this paper was to verify the association between the practice of physical activity of different types and the use of insulin in adults and the elderly. This is a cross-sectional population-based study with data from the survey entitled Surveillance of risk factors and protection for chronic diseases by telephone (VIGITEL 2013). The sample consisted of individuals aged ≥18 years, living in the 27 Brazilian capitals and diagnosed with diabetes. The practice of physical activity in commuting, the home, leisure, work and the use of insulin were self-reported. Binary logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted analyses for sociodemographic factors. Of the 4,593 subjects with diabetes, insulin use was reported by 16.2% and 25.5% of adults and the elderly, respectively. The practice of physical activity in the home (OR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.40; 0.94) and at work (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.18; 0.78) were associated with the lowest use of insulin among the elderly. There was a tendency to reduce insulin use as the number of physically active domains increased among the elderly (p = 0.003). The conclusion drawn was that physical activity practiced alone or in a cumulative way in different domains was associated with lower insulin use among the elderly.

The aim was to analyze systemic and oral aspects of patients with myelomeningocele (MMC), relevant for their dental treatment. Dental treatment of these individuals requires the dentist's extensive knowledge and careful information to determine the dental treatment plan. Thirty participants aged 3 to 16 years were divided into 2 groups: study group (15 MMC individuals) and control group (15 healthy subjects). All patients were evaluated for: systemic conditions, use of medications, sequela of the underlying pathology, oral hygiene, diseases, convulsion, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), allergy, behavior, learning, and mouth physical examination to assess the oral conditions. The study group presented: higher percentage using drugs (P < 0.05), 40% had convulsions (P < 0.05), 86.67% using CSF shunt, 53.33% presented latex allergies (P < 0.05), 53.33% were classified as anxious and with cognitive deficit (P < 0.05), showed more gingivitis (P < 0.05). The MMC individuals, in the majority, have shown cognitive impairment and anxious behavior, use of controlled drugs, convulsion, CSF shunt use, and latex allergy. The presence of periodontal tissue damage was higher in patients with MMC.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical and nutritional evolution of elderly patients receiving home enteral nutritional therapy., Method: retrospective cohort observational study. Data collection was performed through the analysis of clinical and nutritional records. The demographic, nutritional and clinical variables were analyzed. The sample consisted of elderly patients using home enteral nutritional therapy via the probe or the stomach. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program was used, adopting the level of significance of 5%., Results: the sample was 218 participants, with a mean age of 76 ± 10.12 years, of which 54.1% were female. The main morbidity was the stroke sequelae. Malnutrition was the nutritional diagnosis and the overall subjective assessment, the main instrument of nutritional evaluation. The route of administration of the most prevalent diet was the nasoenteric/nasogastric tube, however, after one year of follow-up, gastrostomy became the main route. It was observed the predominance of general condition maintenance and the most prevalent clinical outcome was death., Conclusion: the majority of patients in home enteral nutrition therapy presented maintenance and / or improvement of clinical and nutritional status. Therefore, this therapy may contribute to a better clinical and nutritional evolution.

The school has witnessed the growth of manifestations of interpersonal violence among children, and in this perspective, this paper examines the prevalence of interpersonal violence in the relationship between students and the associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study developed with 874 public school students aged 10 and 11 years conducted in 2013. A questionnaire implemented the collection of data that were submitted to bivariate analysis with statistical significance calculation between associations. The results show that the child-perpetrator (83.2%) is associated with the male gender (PR=1.08), as well as being beaten at home (PR=1.13) and having a family that encourages retaliation (PR=1.17). The child-victim (89.5%) is associated with the family that encourages retaliation (PR=1.05), participation in conflicts (93.6%) and age. The 10-year-old child is up to 3.0% more likely to participate in conflicts. The "family that encourages retaliation" is positively associated with the situations of assault, victim condition and participation in conflicts, which entails the reframing of these parental practices.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of malformations found in fetuses with trisomy of chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 by identifying the most frequent within each condition., Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study with the analysis of trisomy cases of chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 diagnosed through fetal karyotype obtained by amniocentesis/cordocentesis, between October 1994 and May 2014, at a Teaching Hospital in Brazil Southern Region. Malformations identified through morphological ultrasonography were described and, subsequently, confirmed in newborn examinations and/or fetal autopsy. The results were analyzed using Fisher's test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a 5% level of significance (p=0.05)., Results: Sixty-nine cases of trisomy were diagnosed among 840 exams; nine were excluded due to outcome outside Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre or incomplete records, remaining 60 cases (nine cases of chromosome 13 trisomy, 26 of chromosome 18, and 25 of chromosome 21). In all three groups, heart disease occurred in most cases; the ventricular septal defect was more prevalent and occurred in 66.7% of the trisomy 13 group. Gastrointestinal abnormalities were more prevalent in the trisomy 18 group, especially omphalocele (38.5%; p<0.01). Genitourinary anomalies were more significantly frequent in the trisomy 13 group (pyelectasis, 55.6% - p<0.01; ambiguous genitalia, 33.3% - p=0.01). Central nervous system defects were identified in all cases of trisomy 13. Facial cracks were significantly more prevalent among fetuses with trisomy 13 (66.7%; p<0.01). Hand and feet malformations significantly differed among the trisomy groups. Hand defects occurred in 50% of trisomy 18 cases, and in 44.4% of all trisomy 13 cases (p<0.01); congenital clubfoot was more common in the trisomy 18 group, being detected in 46.2% of fetuses (p<0.01). The abnormalities were found in 50.9, 27.3 and 21.7% of trisomy 18, 13 and 21 cases respectively., Conclusion: Many fetal malformations identified at ultrasound are suggestive of trisomy and represent an important tool for etiologic diagnosis and prenatal and pre-conception genetic counseling.

Background: Since low basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a risk factor for weight regain, it is important to measure BMR before bariatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate the BMR among clinically severe obese patients preoperatively. We compared it with that of the control group, with predictive formulas and correlated it with body composition., Methods: We used indirect calorimetry (IC) to collect BMR data and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance to collect body composition data. Our sample population consisted of 193 patients of whom 130 were clinically severe obese and 63 were normal/overweight individuals. BMR results were compared with the following predictive formulas: Harris-Benedict (HBE), Bobbioni-Harsch (BH), Cunningham (CUN), Mifflin-St. Jeor (MSJE), and Horie-Waitzberg & Gonzalez (HW & G). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research of the University of Brasilia. Statistical analysis was used to compare and correlate variables., Results: Clinically severe obese patients had higher absolute BMR values and lower adjusted BMR values (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation between fat-free mass and a negative correlation between body fat percentage and BMR were found in both groups. Among the clinically severe obese patients, the formulas of HW & G and HBE overestimated BMR values (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0193, respectively), while the BH and CUN underestimated this value; only the MSJE formulas showed similar results to those of IC., Conclusions: The clinically severe obese patients showed low BMR levels when adjusted per kilogram per body weight. Body composition may influence BMR. The use of the MSJE formula may be helpful in those cases where it is impossible to use IC.