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The present study was aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of Rasona Rasnadi Ghanavati and Simhanada Guggulu along with Rasona Rasnadi Lepa in Amavata, and to compare the effect of these two therapies in the treatment. Total 101 patients of Amavata were registered for the present study and were randomly divided into two groups. In group A- Rasona Rasnadi Ghanavati 2 Vati thrice/day was given for 3 months, while in group B- Simhanada Guggulu 2 Vati thrice a day for 3 months was adminstered. Along with this, Rasona Rasnadi Lepa was applied locally over affected joints twice daily in both groups. The effects of therapy in both groups were assessed by a specially prepared proforma. The results of the study showed that both the groups showed significant relief in symptoms; however, compared to Simhanada Guggulu, Rasona Rasnadi Ghanavati showed better result in the management of Amavata. Simhanada Guggulu or Rasona Rasnadi Ghanavati along with Rasona Rasnadi Lepa can be used as an effective ayurvedic intervention in the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

The Operational Risk Advanced Measurement Approach requires financial institutions to use scenarios to model these risks and to evaluate the pertaining capital charges. Considering that a banking group is composed of numerous entities (branches and subsidiaries), and that each one of them is represented by an Operational Risk Manager (ORM), we propose a novel scenario approach based on ORM expertise to collect information and create new data sets focusing on large losses, and the use of the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) to evaluate the corresponding capital allocation. In this paper, we highlight the importance to consider an a priori knowledge of the experts associated to a a posteriori backtesting based on collected incidents., L'Approche des Mesures Avancées en Risque Opérationnel requière des institutions financières la mise en place de scénarios pour les modéliser et évaluer la charge en capital afférente. Sachant qu'un groupe bancaire est composé de multiple entités, et que chacune d'entre elles est représentée par un Manager Risque Opérationnel (MRO), nous proposons une approche innovante basée sur l'expertise des MRO pour collecter l'information et créer de nouveaux jeux de données composés de pertes de montant élevé, et nous utilisons la théorie des valeurs extrêmes pour estimer l'allocation en capital correspondante. Dans ce papier, nous soulignons l'importance de bien considérer l'appréhension a priori du risque de la part des experts et de l'associer à une validation a posteriori en utilisant les incidents collectés.

TRVAMA Anläggning 10 (TDOK 2011:316) innehåller Trafikverkets ändringar och tillägg av AMA Anläggning 10 utgiven av Svensk Byggtjänst.Den som upprättar objektsspecifika beskrivningar åt Trafikverket får färdigformulerade ändringar och tillägg till AMA Anläggning 10. Som komplement till RA Anläggning 10 finns för vissa koder även råd- och anvisningstexter.Ersatt av TRV 2012:123; TRVAMA Anläggning 10 rev 1, som ska användas från och med den 21 maj 2012.Ersätter Trafikverkets publikation 2010:094

Pastarosiomis dienomis vis labiau kuriantis socialiniams tinklams išryškėjo asmeninės mokymosi aplinkos bei socialinės tinklaveikos priemonių panaudojimas jose. Socialinės tinklaveikos priemonės: tinklaraščiai, wiki svetainės, socialinės žymėjimo sistemos, multimedijos dalijimosi priemonės - tai priemonės, leidžiančios formuoti socialinius tinklus. Šiame darbe pirmiausia pateikiama virtualios mokymosi aplinkos samprata bei asmeninės mokymosi aplinkos esmė. Tai aptarus, virtuali mokymosi aplinka palyginama su asmenine, atsižvelgiant tiek į besimokantįjį, tiek į dėstytoją. Šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti socialinės tinklaveikos priemones ir išanalizuoti, kaip jos gali būti taikomos e. mokymesi. Taip pat pasiūlyti alternatyvas, kaip socialinės tinklaveikos įrankiai gali būti įdiegiami. Aptarus esamas institucines virtualias ir asmenines mokymosi aplinkas, pasiūlomas techninės realizacijos sprendimas, kaip jas pritaikyti e. mokymesi integruojant su virtualia mokymosi aplinka. Remiantis socialinės tinklaveikos įrankių diegimo alternatyvomis, realizacijai buvo nuspręsta, jog patogiausia būtų, jei besimokantysis prisijungdamas prie savo aplinkos, automatiškai galėtų prisijungti ir prie institucinės., With the increasing number of social networks, there is a noticeable usage of the personal learning environment and of the social networking means. Social networking means are blogs wiki websites, multimedia sharing means – all these tools let to form up social networks. In this work, there is described virtual learning environment conception and the point of personal learning environment. Having discussed about this, virtual learning environment is compared with personal one, in the consideration of both student, and teacher. The purpose of this work is to examine the means of the social networking and to analyze how they can applied in the e-learning; also to suggest the alternatives how social networking tools can be installed. Having discussed about institutional virtual and personal learning environments, there is a suggestion about technical realization how they can be applied in e-learning by integrating them in the virtual learning environment. According to social networking tools installment alternatives, it was decided that it would be the best, if student, by logging in to his/her learning environment would also log in to institutional environment.

Validerat; 20101217 (root)

Mjerenjem pokreta oka u paradigmi slušanja istraižvala se razlika u jezičnoj obradi u djece uredna jezičnog razvoja i djece s posebnim jezičnim teškoćama (PJT). Pri tome su mjereni anticipirajući pokreti očiju koji upućuju na unaprijedno građenje sintaktičke strukture rečenice (uz istovremeno slušanje rečenice), tj. obradu odozgo. Razlika u eksperimentalnim uvjetima s jedne je strane omogućila da se rezultati tumače u skladu s tzv. neposrednim modelima jezične obrade, dok je s druge strane omogućila uvid u način na koji djeca s PJT–om obrađuju jezične obavijesti.

VVAMA Anläggning 09 innehåller Vägverkets ändringar och tillägg till AMA Anläggning 07 utgiven av Svensk Byggtjänst och ska användas från och med 23 september 2009.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou kapitálové přiměřenosti se zaměřením na pokročilé metody navržené Basilejským výborem. Podstatná část práce je věnována zejména metodě IRB používané v rámci úvěrového rizika, zmíněny jsou vybrané postupy AMA metody u operačního rizika a nastíněna je také metoda VaR používaná při výpočtu kapitálového požadavku k tržnímu riziku. Kromě relativně detailního popisu jednotlivých metod je v práci obsaženo také jejich porovnání na základě dopadových studií a probrány hlavní problémy bank při zavádění pokročilých metod pro výpočet kapitálových požadavků. U úvěrového a operačního rizika, která byla vydáním Basel II nejvíce ovlivněna, jsou doplněny také některé poznatky z vlastní návštěvy v oddělení řízení rizik v GE Money Bank.

VVAMA Anläggning 07 Rev.1 ges ut som publikation 2008:88. Den innehåller Vägverkets ändringar och tillägg till AMA Anläggning 07. Publikation 2008:88 ersätter VV AMA Anläggning 07 (publikation 2008:40), VVAMA 05 Väg (publikation 2005:150a) och VVAMA 06 Bro (publikation 2007:74).VVAMA Anläggning 07 Rev.1 är av dokumenttypen VVTBT och ska tillämpas för utförandeentreprenader. AMA Anläggning 07 Rev.1 innehåller i vissa fall krav uppdelade på olika kategorier. Vägverket tillämpar i dessa fall kategori A.

VV AMA Anläggning 07 innehåller Vägverkets ändringar och tillägg till AMA Anläggning 07. Publikation 2008:40 ersätter VVAMA 05 Väg (publikation 2005:150a) och VVAMA 06 Bro (publikation 2007:74).

Mall till Objektteknisk beskrivning brounderhåll (OTBbu) med tillhörande Mängdförteckning (MF) och särskilda mät- och ersättningsregler (MER) har sitt ursprung i den mall till teknisk beskrivning för underhåll av bro (TBbu) som hittills har använts tillsammans med kontogrupp 71 i MF 95 alternativt MF 2004 med tillhörande mät- och ersättningsregler.Då Vägverket numera använder AMA som beskrivningssystem har därför nya och anpassade mallar och regler tagits fram så att upphandling av brounderhåll kan ske med AMA Anläggning 07 och MER Anläggning 07 som grund. Entreprenadformen är utförandeentreprenad.

Mestrado em Finanças The purpose of this document is to discuss some of the most controversial aspects of Basel II specifically relating to Operational Risk requirements in terms of Capital adequacy. The author presents an overview of the Basel II framework in terms of foundation, fundamentals and challenges, and specifically operational risk requirements under Pillar I, before going on to discuss some of its most controversial aspects. Against our initial expectations, several interviews conducted with Operational Risk Officers as well as with Risk experts, consolidated by the analysis of databases and international surveys, show evidence to conclude that banks are still quite reluctant and struggling to understand the specific requirements of the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA). This, together with the Key Risk Indicators component, remains the major challenge to the financial institutions, both still in a very early completion stage. The author also discusses practices and methodologies in terms of operational risk modeling, presenting an alternative development approach for a possible future update of the Basel requirements, as relates to aggregated event type differentiated treatment, for operational risk modeling, and thus capital calculation, in the scope of the soundness criteria defined under AMA, in view of its practical value towards its feasibility and the advantages of a larger implementation of such an approach. The author therefore demands, for the benefit of the overall Financial System, greater adhesion by Banks to more operational risk sensitive approaches, namely AMA. This prepares the ground for a proposal towards the development of a regulatory incentive framework on capital calculation, to be applied within the implementation stage to AMA, to motivate banks to move, and as early as possible, to implementing more risk-sensitive bottom-up operational risk models and management practices. O objectivo deste trabalho assenta na discussão de alguns dos aspectos mais controversos relacionados com os requisitos de Capital regulatório oriundos do Risco Operacional no âmbito do Acordo de Basileia II. É efectuado um enquadramento do Basileia II e dos maiores desafios específicos para tratamento do Risco Operacional. Foi desenvolvido um trabalho de diagnóstico e pesquisa baseado em entrevistas a Responsáveis de Risco Operacional de Bancos Nacionais, Internacionais e a reputados investigadores internacionais desta área, alicerçado pela análise de algumas bases de dados e de vários questionários efectuados ao nível internacional. Contrariando as expectativas iniciais, muitos Bancos mantêm-se actualmente ainda reluctantes face à implementação de métodos mais avançados (AMA), existindo uma propensão ainda muito significativa pelos métodos menos avançados, i.e. o método Básico ou Standardizado. As maiores dificuldades prendem-se com os requisitos específicos delineados para o método mais avançado (AMA) e com a identificação e tratamento dos Indicadores Chave de Risco (KRI), ainda numa fase muito primária em termos de implementação. É igualmente discutido prácticas e metodologias, em termos de modelos de risco operacional, no âmbito do AMA. O presente trabalho desenvolve a teoria de que é fundamental uma maior adesão dos bancos à implementação do AMA. É, nestes termos, efectuada uma proposta para efeitos de futuros desenvolvimentos alternativos que possibilitem uma adesão mais generalizada à implementação do AMA. A proposta assenta no tratamento diferenciado em termos de modelação específica de risco operacional por segmentos agregados de tipologia de eventos de perda, para cálculo de capital regulatório, e por último, no desenvolvimento e aplicação regulatória de um enquadramento de incentivo, em fase de implementação para o AMA, para motivar os Bancos a promoverem rapidamente a implementação de modelos de gestão de risco operacional mais sofisticados e sensitivos, com as vantagens inerentes para a estabilidade e eficiência de todo o Sistema Financeiro.

Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) pantropski je rasprostranjena biljna vrsta iz porodice Rubiaceae, čija se ljekovita i nutritivna svojstva cijene već više od 2000 godina. Prema rezultatima suvremenih znanstvenih istraživanja noni regulira stanične funkcije, jača imunološki sustav, suzbija rast tumora, djeluje protuupalno, antimikrobno, antioksidativno i sedativno, te ublažava bol i snižava visoki krvni tlak. Fitokemijskim istraživanjima utvrđeno je da noni obiluje brojnim bioaktivnim tvarima, kao što su alkaloidi, antrakinoni, kumarini, polisaharidi, iridoidi, flavonoidi, lignani, terpeni, aminokiseline, masne kiseline, minerali i vitamini. U okviru ovoga rada određen je sadržaj makro- i mikroelemenata u dehidriranoj pulpi i koncentratu soka svježih plodova vrste Morinda citrifolia havajskog podrijetla primjenom metode atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije. Plamenom tehnikom (FAAS) izmjerene su koncentracije Ca, Cu (samo pulpa), Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na i Zn. Primjenom grafitne tehnike (GFAAS) određen je sadržaj Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu (samo sok), Ni, Pb, i Tl. Hidridnom tehnikom (HGAAS) određeni su As i Se, dok je koncentracija Hg izmjerena primjenom postupka toplinskog razaranja, amalgamiranja i AAS (AMA). Kalij je određen u najvećoj količini u oba pripravka ploda (pulpa: 15187, 10 mg/kg ; sok: 6548, 36 mg/kg), dok je u ispitivanim uzorcima bilo najmanje žive (pulpa: 0, 0036 mg/kg ; sok: < 0, 0005 mg/kg. Općenito je utvrđeno da pulpa, u odnosu na sok, sadrži znatno veće količine svih ispitanih makro- i mikroelemenata.

Background & Aims: Recent observations, including a pilot clinical trial, have suggested that a human mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) causes primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We attempted to confirm such data. Methods: We obtained sera from 101 patients (53 with PBC and 48 controls), fixed liver sections from 10 patients (8 PBC and 2 controls), fresh liver specimens (6 PBC and 6 controls), and fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (10 PBC and 10 controls). We studied sera for reactivities against 3 different strains of MMTV virions, MMTV(C3H), MMTV(FM), and MMTV(LA), including goat polyclonal antibodies against MMTV virions, gp52, and p27 as positive controls. We stained liver specimens using polyclonal antibodies against MMTV and gp52 and further examined tissue samples and PBLs for specific MMTV genome sequences. Results: By Western blot analysis, no detectable reactivity in any of the PBC sera against any of the 3 MMTV strains or MMTV gp52 or p27 was observed. However, viral proteins were recognized by our control positive polyclonal antibodies. We note that 13%–60% of PBC sera presented low reactivity against 2 proteins of approximately 57 and 74 kilodaltons. Such reactivity is related to the trace amounts of mitochondrial antigens in the virus preparations derived from murine mammary tumor tissue. No detectable immunohistochemical or molecular evidence for MMTV was found in the liver specimens or PBLs. Conclusions: We were unable to recapitulate the data on this specific retroviral etiology of PBC and suggest that such data could be the result of contamination.

West Africa is prone to rainfall interannual variability. Our objective is to better understand the hydrological impact of such a variability in the Soudanian region. For this purpose we used the GR4j model. This model works at a daily time step and includes two reservoirs and 4 parameters which have to be estimated for each basin. The data base we used is that of the AMMA-CATCH project, gathering data frolm a hydro-meteorological observatory in Bénin since 1997. Model results on a set of 14 catchments are satisfactory on the calibration and validation periods. The hydrological impact of a change in the rainfall is simulated on these catchments. Three scenarii are considered i) a decrease in the number of rainfall events ii) a decrease in the intensity of each rainfall event iii) a shortening of the rainfall season. For all these three scenarii, the decrease in the annual rainfall leads to a decrease in streamflow twice larger. This results is in agreement with observations when comparing the wet 1952-1969 and dry 1970-2002 periods on the region. However, significant differences in the response are encountered according to the catchment size and the scenario. These results confirm that it is important to take into account the temporal distribution of rainfall when studying the hydrological impact of rainfall change. Year 2000, where rainfall was 16% lower than the average of 1952-1996, is more particularly commented.; L`Afrique de l`Ouest est soumise à une forte variabilité interannuelle de la pluie. Notre objectif est de mieux comprendre l`impact hydrologique d`une telle variabilité en région soudanienne. Pour cela le modèle hydrologique GR4j est utilisé. Ce modèle journalier résolument simple comprend deux réservoirs et 4 paramètres qui doivent être identifiés pour chaque bassin. La base de données disponible est celle du projet AMMA-CATCH qui dispose d`un observatoire hydrométéorologique au Bénin depuis 1997. Les résultats du modèle sur l`ensemble des 14 bassins instrumentés sont satisfaisants en calage comme en validation. L`impact hydrologique d`une diminution du cumul pluviométrique annuel est ensuite simulé sur ces mêmes bassins. Trois scénarios sont envisagés : (1) une diminution du nombre d`événements pluvieux, (2) une réduction de la hauteur de chaque événement pluvieux et (3) une réduction de la durée de la saison des pluies. Pour ces trois scénarios une diminution du cumul pluviométrique annuel entraîne une diminution environ deux fois plus importante des débits. Ce résultat est en accord avec les observations faites en comparant les années humides (1952-1969) et les années sèches (1970-2002) sur cette région. Cependant il existe des différences significatives entre ces réponses suivant la taille du bassin et le scénario considéré. Ces résultats confirment que pour estimer l`impact hydrologique de la variabilité climatique il est nécessaire de prendre en compte non seulement le cumul annuel mais aussi la distribution des pluies au cours de la saison. L`année 2000, dont la pluviométrie est nettement déficitaire (-16%) par rapport à la moyenne de la période 1952-1996 est plus particulièrement commenté.

Stool examination is an important laboratory investigative tool in medicine, which is used to understand the health and disease condition of a person. It is also included in Ashtasthana Pariksha. The factors which are described under Ashtasthana Pariksha indicate that these are the body parts or metabolic products, where there will be changes when a person suffers from diseases. Observing these changes, the diagnosis can be made, or these can help as tools in diagnosing a disease. The changes pertaining to Purisha (stool) have been described under various disease conditions in Brihattrayi but are scattered. Hence, a study is aimed to compile all such scattered data related to changes in stool in various disease conditions by following the scheme of Sushruta's Shadvidha Pariksha (6-fold examination). This will provide the first-hand information about the changes in stool and will act as a guide to diagnose the disease. Jala Nimajjana Purisha Pariksha is also another tool through which the status of Agni and the presence of Ama can be detected.

El contenido de mercurio en muestras de suelos provenientes de El Callao, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, fue determinado por digestión en agua regia y cuantificación por el método del vapor frío-absorción atómica (CVAAS), y por determinación directa en la matriz sólida por pirólisis y preconcentración en el analizador automático de mercurio AMA-254 (AMA). Los niveles de Hg en las muestras analizadas estuvieron en los intervalos de 0,05 a 17,31mg/kg para CVAAS y de 0,050 a 20,066mg/kg para AMA. Las mayores concentraciones de Hg se detectaron en las áreas de molinos, donde es empleado para amalgamar el oro. La exactitud de la técnica AMA fue estimada por el análisis de rocas de referencia (US Geological Survey) comprobándose que la técnica es de exactitud y precisión satisfactorias. Se comprobó que ambas técnicas producen resultados equivalentes sin que se produzcan errores sistemáticos. Mercury levels in soil samples from El Callao, Bolívar State, Venezuela, were determined by mineralization in aqua regia followed by cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS), and by direct determination on solid matrix by pyrolisis and preconcentration using an automatic mercury analyzer AMA-254 (AMA). Hg concentration in samples were in the range of 0.05 to 17.31mg/kg for CVAAS and of 0.050 to 20.060mg/kg for AMA. The higher Hg levels were found in the samples taken near mills where heavy metal is employed for gold recovery. Accuracy of AMA was assessed analyzing samples of US Geological Survey Standard rocks. It was found that both analytical procedures give equivalent results with absence of systematic errors. O conteúdo de mercúrio em amostras de solos provenientes de "El Callao", Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, foi determinado por digestão em água regia e quantificação pelo método do vapor frio-absorção atômica (CVAAS), e por determinação direta na matriz sólida por pirólise e pré-concentração no analisador automático de mercúrio AMA-254 (AMA). Os níveis de Hg nas amostras analisadas estiveram nos intervalos de 0,05 a 17,31mg/kg para CVAAS e de 0,050 a 20,066mg/kg para AMA. As maiores concentrações de Hg se detectaram nas áreas de moinhos, onde é empregado para amalgamar o ouro. A exatidão da técnica AMA foi estimada pela análise de rochas de referência (US Geological Survey) comprovando-se que a técnica é de exatidão e precisão satisfatórias. Se comprovou que ambas técnicas produzem resultados equivalentes sem que se produzam erros sistemáticos.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are thought to have common immunopathologic features and previous studies have reported that 5.2 to 81% of patients with chronic GVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant have antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA). We studied a total of 89 patients with chronic GVHD and 60 controls for AMA reactivity by ELISA and immunoblotting using recombinant PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2, and OGDC-E2, immunoblotting of beef heart mitochondrial proteins, and reactivity to nuclei, smooth muscle (ASMA), ribonucleoprotein JO-1, extractable nuclear antigen, nuclear proteins SSA/ SSB, ribonucleic P proteinase III, cardiolipin (ACA), liver kidney microsomal, thyroid microsomal, myeloperoxidase, and the reactivity of rheumatoid factor. A subset of 60 chronic GVHD sera were tested for reactivity to gp210 and LBR. Finally, liver tissue from patients with chronic GVHD and PBC was studied by immunohistochemistry to determine whether there was comparable abnormal apical staining of biliary epithelial cells using PDC-E2-specific monoclonal antibodies. Surprisingly, there were no AMA found in the sera from the 89 patients with chronic GVHD. Review of published data on AMA in GVHD suggests that previous results were primarily false positives. In contrast, sera from the patients with GVHD did have a variety of other autoantibodies and, in particular, 20/89 (22.4%) positive ANA, 23/89 (25.8%) positive ASMA, and 9/89 (10.1%) positive ACA. The other autoantibodies assayed were not statistically different from controls. Finally, abnormal biliary epithelial luminal staining of bile ducts was found, as expected, in liver tissue of patients with PBC but was absent in chronic GVHD.

Background: Shad Karanas mentioned in Ayurveda are the means for attaining the state of Dhatusamyata. Samavaya is the sixth Karana among these and it provides the knowledge of relation between Dravya, Guna and Karma. This kind of knowledge becomes the basic tool in the field of diagnosis as well as in the selection of proper drug. Aim: To assess the Samavaya relation between Ama and its Hetu and Lakshanas along with Practical evaluation of Samavaya by using Pippalimula on Ama. Materials and Methods: The study comprising of total 23 patients of Ama and divided into two groups. Pippalimula tablet (each of 500 mg, 2 tablets four times daily) was administered in Group A (n = 13) while Group B (n = 10) was treated with placebo tablet (each of 500 mg, 2 tablets four times daily) for the duration of 10 days. Results: After the completion of treatment, all the parameters of Group A showed statistically highly significant results, whereas in Group B some parameters showed significant results and others were insignificant. Conclusion: The study specified the Karanatva of Samavaya as the Laghu, Ruksha and Ushna Gunas which were present Samavayatvena in Pippalimula, and were absent in placebo.