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The coset construction is a tool for systematically building low energy effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes. This technique is typically used to compute time-ordered correlators appropriate for S-matrix computations for systems in their ground state. In this paper, we extend this technique to the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, which enables one to calculate a wider variety of correlators and applies also to systems in a mixed state. We focus our attention on internal symmetries and demonstrate that, after identifying the appropriate symmetry breaking pattern, Schwinger-Keldysh effective actions for Nambu-Goldstone modes can be constructed using the standard rules of the coset construction. Particular emphasis is placed on the thermal state and ensuring that correlators satisfy the KMS relation. We also discuss explicitly the power counting scheme underlying our effective actions. We comment on the similarities and differences between our approach and others that have previously appeared in the literature. In particular, our prescription does not require the introduction of additional "diffusive" symmetries and retains the full non-linear structure generated by the coset construction. We conclude with a series of explicit examples, including a computation of the finite-temperature two-point functions of conserved spin currents in non-relativistic paramagnets, antiferromagnets, and ferromagnets. Along the way, we also clarify the discrete symmetries that set antiferromagnets apart from ferromagnets, and point out that the dynamical KMS symmetry must be implemented in different ways in these two systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: We aimed to identify the possible relationship between various diseases of the upper digestive system and colon polyps by analyzing patients with gastric polyps and evaluating the cancers and diseases accompanying the polyps. (2) Methods: Each patient's age; gender; polyp type and size; presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia; status of whether cancer developed during follow-up; status of whether a colonoscopy was performed or not; and colon pathologies detected during colonoscopy were analyzed retrospectively using hospital records. (3) Results: Between the study dates, 19,214 esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed in the endoscopy unit of our hospital. Gastric polyps were detected in 178 (0.9%) patients. No significant relationship was found between the gastric polyp size and the occurrence of gastric cancer or gastrointestinal system malignancy (p > 0.05). A colonoscopy was performed in 86 of the 178 patients who underwent gastroscopy. The frequency of polyp detection during colonoscopy was statistically significantly higher in patients with gastric polyps than in patients without gastric polyps (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: New prospective studies are needed regarding the relationship between gastric polyps and gastrointestinal system diseases. Going forward, a colonoscopy will be required in gastric polyp patients, especially with FGP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the changes in serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin, some oxidative stress markers, and hematological and biochemical parameters in cattle infected with footand-mouth disease and to reveal their importance. The animal material of the study was composed of 20 Simmental cattle between 6 and 12 months of age, which were diagnosed with foot-and mouth disease based on the results of the clinical and laboratory examinations (patient group), and the control group was composed of 10 animals selected from a different herd, with the same age group and breed characteristics and fed with the same ration. Among the hematological parameters examined in the study, the total leukocyte count (WBC (x103/µL)) was found to be higher in the patient group with statistical significance compared to the control group (P<0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, iron (Fe (μg/dL)), total iron binding capacity (TIBC (μg/dL)), phosphorus (P (mg/dl)), magnesium (Mg (mg/dl)), and glucose (mg/dl) ) levels were found to be significantly lower (P<0.001); the transferrin saturation (TS (%)), reduced glutathione (GSH (mg/dL)), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP (U/L)) were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05); and Malondialdehyde (MDA (μmol/L)), creatine kinase (CK ((U/L)), and creatinine (Crea (mg/dl)) were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in the patient group compared to the control group. Consequently among the biochemical parameters examined in the study, the changes in the Fe (μg/dL), TIBC (μg/dL), TS (%), GSH (mg/dL), and MDA (μmol/L) levels were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Short peptides play a significant role in exploring drugs with higher selectivity and fewer side effects in cancer and COVID-19 therapies. This study evaluated the anticancer and anti-COVID-19 activities of Glu-Arg-Gln (ERQ) tripeptide for the first time. To discover the potentiality of the tripeptide as an anticancer and as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor, molecular docking analysis of ERQ tripeptide with DNA (PDB ID: 1BNA) and a variety of SARS-CoV-2 enzymes, namely. Main protease (PDB IDs: 6M03, 6LU7) and Spike glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6VXX) were performed. Materials and Methods: To determine the binding efficiency of ERQ to target DNA and proteins, molecular docking processes were carried out using the Autodock Vina program. The sorts of bonds and interacting residues in ERQ/DNA and ERQ/protein complexes were determined. Results: Molecular docking simulations of ERQ tripeptide against 1BNA, 6M03, 6LU7, and 6VXX were performed, and the interactions between the docked ligand and target residues were determined. The binding mechanisms of ERQ with the receptors were clarified. The binding affinities of ERQ towards the targets were predicted to be between -6.3 and -6.7 kcal/mol. ERQ showed the highest binding affinity to Spike glycoprotein (6VXX), with an estimated binding energy of -6.7 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Molecular docking simulations revealed the potential of ERQ tripeptide as an anticancer and anti-COVID-19 agent. High binding affinity against 1BNA (-6.4 kcal/mol), 6M03 (-6.3 kcal/mol), 6LU7 (-6.6 kcal/mol), and 6VXX (-6.7 kcal/mol) indicated that ERQ could be an excellent new natural therapy for the treatment of cancer and COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a higher incidence in older adults. We aimed to analyze the differences in the choice of RA treatment regimens across various age groups. A retrospective cohort study using data from the Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Registry was conducted, involving 3,475 RA patients categorized into three age groups: 18-49, 50-64, and over 65 years. Key variables examined included demographics, comorbidities, and utilization of various treatment modalities, including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs), and other biological treatments. Statistical analysis was done with Jamovi software. The study found significant differences in drug prescriptions among age groups. Older patients (>65 years) were less likely to be prescribed methotrexate and sulfasalazine but more likely to receive leflunomide and colchicine. A decline in the use of TNFi and tsDMARDs with age was noted, while other biologics were consistently used across all ages. Our findings underscore the impact of age on treatment choices in RA, revealing a tendency towards less aggressive treatment approaches in older patients. We emphasize the importance of re-evaluating current treatment protocols to better accommodate the health needs of the aging RA population and enhance their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease whose etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood and that affects organs and systems other than the gastrointestinal system. Many patients with IBD can develop extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs), affecting numerous organs and systems. The medical records of IBD patients followed in our gastroenterology clinic were retrospectively examined. While patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were grouped by anatomical site and clinical type, patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were grouped by anatomical site of involvement.They examined the association between the presence of EIMs and demographic characteristics, diagnostic groups, sex, age groups, anatomical involvement, CD clinical types and fistula types. In addition, the patient groups and the relationship between EIM subgroups were evaluated. The study consisted of 393 patients with IBD, including 276 patients with UC and 117 with CD. The frequency of at least one EIM was 35.4% in 139 patients. When subgroups were examined,hepatosteatosis was the most common EIM, followed by hepatobiliary manifestations. EIM frequency was higher in CD than in UC when the two were compared. There was no significant relationship between EIM and diagnosis groups, anatomical location, clinical type of CD, or fistula types. Regarding the relationship between EIMs, there was no direct proportional relationship, but there was a significant decrease in the incidence of other EIMs in some EIMs. Determining the prevalence and risk factors associated with EIMs and raising awareness about this issue may aid in its early diagnosis and treatment. Thus, complications that may arise during the follow-up process can be avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify Echinococcus species by morphological and molecular means. Methods: A dead gray wolf (Canis lupus) was found near Erzurum province and brought to the parasitology laboratory. Sedimentation and counting technique (SCT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were conducted. Results: The SCT implications indicated that the wolf had a substantial worm burden (62,720 and 49,280 parasites) due to a co-infection of E. granulosus s.l. and E. multilocularis. Genus/species-specific PCR was used to analyze DNA extracted from adult worms and confirmed as E. granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis, utilizing COI and 12S rRNA gene sequence analysis, respectively. Conclusion: This report presents the first co-detection of E. granulosus s.s. and E. multilocularis in a gray wolf found in an urban area in a highly endemic area for human echinococcosis in northeastern Turkey. The results emphasize that AE is not only a problem of rural areas, but also occurs in urban areas, which may pose a threat to public health. Therefore, surveillance in urban areas is crucial. The need to develop new control strategies for domestic and wildlife in the study area is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular exercise is essential in the treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), as the main goals of the treatment are to reduce pain, restore function, avoid disability and structural deterioration, and improve quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether patients adhere to exercise recommendations and to evaluate the effects of consistent exercise on patients' pain, function, disease activity, mood, and quality of life. Many studies emphasize the need for exercise in treatment of AS, but none reveal whether patients follow prescribed practices and the results of doing so. Results: Exercising group had significantly decreased pain, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index and Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) scores (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in morning stiffness, mood, spinal mobility, and QoL parameters (p > 0.05). Regular exercise was positively correlated with physiotherapy history. Regression analysis revealed that with an increase of 1 unit in visual analog scale and BASDAI, regular exercise decreased by 0.087 and 0.116 units, respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed how much the patients considers and follows the recommended exercises and concluded that regular exercise habits should be developed since they offer promising effects in treatment of AS, hence, patients should be educated in this area, and particular exercise routines should be developed to encourage them to exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale to evaluate and measure phantom limb pain. Material and Methods: This study, which was designed in a methodological type, was conducted with a total of 258 patients. A demographics form and a draft scale developed by the research authors were used to collect the study data. Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 was used to provide descriptive statistics and reliability analyses for the study data. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used in the development of the phantom limb pain rating scale, and Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used for the study's validity and reliability evaluations. Results: The Kuder-Richardson 20 value, which shows the internal consistency of the questions of the 16-item the rating scale, was found to be 0.921. The total score of the rating scale ranged from 1 to 16, with an average of 11.19±4.94. It was determined that the fit criterias and corrected chi-square values showed acceptable fit, and that the scale was both statistically significant and valid (p=0.001; p<0.01). Conclusion: The self-reported scale developed in this study was found to be a reliable and valid measurement tool for evaluating phantom limb pain in affected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing stormwater drainage systems considering deep uncertainty is a task that has no correct solution, rather, it can only be addressed by managing the system in a smart, robust way. Over recent decades, robust decision-making has been promoted as a solution to planning systems that are vulnerable to deep uncertainty. In this paper, we adopt a robust decision-making methodology to propose a stormwater drainage system in a coastal catchment in an arid region which is vulnerable to sea-level rise and increased precipitation intensity. We used bias-corrected precipitation and sea-level rise projections from a regional climate model, in addition to analyzing observed data. The decision-making methodology adopted is the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP). It involves building a decision tree with probable actions to consider when the stormwater system is expected to fail. The success of DAPP relies on continuous and extensive monitoring of the system and all components/factors that form risk or add to the vulnerability of the system, in addition to extensive simulations of the pre-identified actions that enable quick implementation of the solutions preceding failure of the system. This gives an early warning and aids the proactive execution of actions, hence making the system resilient to deep uncertainty. The DAPP for the study site is presented, and the advantages of relying on robust decision-making for arid regions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, studies on the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have become important since their potentials have useful properties in technological applications. In this respect, the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of the 12 transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MX2 (M=Mo,W,Cr,Ni; X=S,Se,Te) sheets are investigated using first-principles calculations. The calculated band structures show that all TMDs are semiconductors with a direct band gap at the K point, except NiX2 ones with indirect band gaps. We find energetic and dynamical stabilities of the MX2 sheets, while NiSe2 lattice becomes unstable with negative frequencies appearing in acoustic modes near the K point. We also discuss the role of average atomic mass and interatomic bonding in determining the Debye temperatures of dynamically stable dichalcogenide sheets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine investigate variations in teachers' perspectives regarding the pedagogical content knowledge acquired through the school experience in the pre-2018 curriculum for elementary mathematics teaching compared to its updated counterpart, now known as teaching practice in the current curriculum. In this direction, six teachers from the department of elementary mathematics teaching at the faculty of education of a university in Western part of Turkey were selected by criterion sampling method. A semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study in which holistic multiple case design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The data obtained were analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that the teachers who studied with the old program were inadequate compared to the teachers who studied with the updated program in terms of classroom management, communication with students teaching methods, skills to use techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]