Search

The 2022 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup will take place in Qatar and will be a one-of-a-kind mega-crowd gathering. this is the first time in history that people from all over the world would gather in such a concentrated place. there is a higher chance of spreading zoonotic illnesses from one community to another among those who travel internationally, therefore tourists should be aware of the dangers they may face and take precautions. the public health system of the country hosting the event must be equipped to avoid the spread of zoonotic diseases considering the current global climate. the potential for an increase in cases of COVID-19 and monkeypox is notably heightened by this event. Possible exotic diseases such as the Marburg virus disease could also be spread. Due to Qatar's inexperience in hosting such major events, it is crucial to invest heavily in training for the early identification of infectious illnesses and the prevention of their spread among event attendees. Visitors to Qatar 2022 should acquire the most up-to-date information available and be aware of the usual precautions that should be followed. Your immunization record must be up to date. Hospitals and other medical facilities in Qatar would be wise to increase their readiness for mass casualty occurrences given that this small location is hosting such an event for the first time. to better meet the health needs of its population, the government of Qatar should promote health advice materials in different languages and keep an adequate supply on hand. the potential for the emergence of zoonotic diseases is briefly reviewed here considering the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infectious disease, causes a high morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Nepal, the first case of dengue was reported in 2004 followed by frequent outbreaks in subsequent years, with the largest being in 2019 taking the death toll of six. It is reported that the number of dengue fever cases are soaring in Nepal spreading from the plains to more hilly regions. This might have serious public health implications in the future when combined with other factors, such as: global warming, lack of early detection and treatment of dengue, lack of diagnostic facilities, poor healthcare systems and mosquito control strategies. Nepal, thus, needs a cost-effective mosquito control strategy for the prevention and control of dengue. The Wolbachia-mediated biological method of the dengue control strategy is novel, economic, and environment-friendly. It has been successfully trialed in several areas of dengue-prone countries of the world, including Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam etc. resulting in significant reductions in dengue incidence. Given the lack of effective vector control strategy and weak economic condition of the country along with the persistence of climate and environment conditions that favors the host (Aedes mosquito) for Wolbachia, this approach can be a promising option to control dengue in Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify challenges vs. supports in the NICU and after NICU discharge for parents of an infant with a major congenital anomaly., Study Design: Qualitative study., Results: We interviewed 18 parents (13 mothers, 5 fathers) whose children were admitted to our our NICU with a major congenital anomaly. In the NICU, challenges were navigating parenthood with significant impact on parent mental health, adjusting to changing healthcare providers, and need for better interdisciplinary communication. After discharge home, challenges were an initial adjustment to life without NICU monitoring, loss of NICU medical resources, burden of caregiving, continued healthcare utilization, and financial impact., Conclusion: Key supports that were helpful to families were empathetic and consistent healthcare teams throughout their care journey, especially nurses; healthcare team members who went beyond medical care, consistent communication, parent engagement in NICU care, ongoing parent mental health support, and peer resources after discharge home., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Batteries composed of CF x cathodes have high theoretical specific capacities (>860 mA h g -1 ). Attempts at realizing such batteries coupled with Li anodes have failed to deliver on this promise, however, due to a discharge voltage plateau below the theoretical maximum lowering the realized energy density and difficulties with recharging the system. In this study, we use first-principles calculations to investigate novel carbon allotropes for these battery systems: graphdiyne and "holey" graphene. We first identify stable flourination structures and calculate their band gaps. We demonstrate that the holes in these carbon allotropes can induce the formation of an amorphous LiF network within the carbon and that this formation may, in fact, be kinetically favored. For structures where amorphous LiF forms within the carbon, we predict it is easier to recharge and higher discharge voltages can be achieved. If the LiF forms outside the carbon product, however, it will be crystalline in form and lead to lower discharge voltages and more difficulty in recharging the systems. Finally, we simulate XPS spectra of representative cases, demonstrating an experimental pathway for determining the reaction pathway of these systems. Our work suggests CF x allotropes with holes in them as potential targets for high capacity, rechargeable cathodes for Li batteries, provided they lead to the formation of amorphous LiF within the C structure.

In recent decades, technological advancements and scientific progress have significantly improved disease control strategies. However, the exclusive focus on these aspects often overlooks the crucial role of social and cultural factors. Local narratives, reflecting community traditions and beliefs, offer valuable insights that can influence the success of public health interventions. Case studies, such as fascioliasis control in Thailand and Schistosoma mekongi infection in Laos, demonstrate the importance of integrating local stories into health programs. These examples highlight the effectiveness of a holistic approach that considers biological, ecological, social, and cultural dynamics, aligned with the "One Health" framework. Incorporating local knowledge into disease control interventions is essential for sustainability and long-term success.

Key Message: Robust QTLs conferring resistance to bacterial leaf streak in wheat were mapped on chromosomes 3B and 5A from the variety Boost and on chromosome 7D from the synthetic wheat line W-7984. Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa poses a significant threat to global wheat production. High levels of BLS resistance are rare in hexaploid wheat. Here, we screened 101 diverse wheat genotypes under greenhouse conditions to identify new sources of BLS resistance. Five lines showed good levels of resistance including the wheat variety Boost and the synthetic hexaploid wheat line W-7984. Recombinant inbred populations derived from the cross of Boost × ND830 (BoostND population) and W-7984 × Opata 85 (ITMI population) were subsequently evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments to investigate the genetic basis of resistance. QTLs on chromosomes 3B, 5A, and 5B were identified in the BoostND population. The 3B and 5A QTLs were significant in all environments, but the 3B QTL was the strongest under greenhouse conditions explaining 38% of the phenotypic variation, and the 5A QTL was the most significant in the field explaining up to 29% of the variation. In the ITMI population, a QTL on chromosome 7D explained as much as 46% of the phenotypic variation in the greenhouse and 18% in the field. BLS severity in both populations was negatively correlated with days to heading, and some QTLs for these traits overlapped, which explained the tendency of later maturing lines to have relatively higher levels of BLS resistance. Markers associated with the QTLs were converted to KASP markers, which will aid in the deployment of the QTLs into elite lines for the development of BLS-resistant wheat varieties., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethics approval NA. Consent to participate NA. Consent to publish NA., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Background: Despite the widespread use of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and their known sympathomimetic effects on the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular risk assessment of these medications using comprehensive global data is limited. This study investigated the association between individual ADHD medications and cardiovascular disease (CVD) using global pharmacovigilance data., Methods: Reports from the World Health Organization international pharmacovigilance database were utilized (1967-2023; total reports, n=131,255,418). Reporting odds ratios (ROR), and information components (IC) were calculated to evaluate the association between each medication and specific CVDs., Results: We identified 13,344 CVD cases related to ADHD medications out of 146,489 cases of all reports on ADHD medications. Cumulative reports on ADHD medications have shown a steady increase, notably in adults since 2010. ADHD medications were associated with a higher risk of CVD overall (ROR [95 % CI], 1.60 [1.58-1.63]; IC [IC 0.25 ], 0.63 [0.60]), with a higher association observed in females than in males. Among specific CVDs, all drugs were associated with an increased risk of torsade de pointes/QT prolongation, cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Conversely, heart failure, stroke, and cardiac death/shock were exclusively associated with amphetamines. Lisdexamfetamine showed a weaker association with all CVDs compared to amphetamines, and methylphenidate exhibited the lowest overall association with CVD. Atomoxetine had the second-highest association with torsade de pointes/QT prolongation., Conclusions: The associations between CVDs and ADHD medications vary, with amphetamines posing a higher risk, while lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate exhibit better safety profiles., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine whether screening for social determinants of health (SDoH) in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) could uncover additional family needs., Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective study in a level IV NICU. Participants filled out the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks and Experiences (PRAPARE) tool, which includes economic, housing, transportation, and safety questions. Questionnaires were completed via secure tablet; the research team notified social workers of reported needs. Illness and demographic characteristics were compared between families who did and did not report resource needs. Manual chart review assessed subsequent response to reported SDoH needs., Results: Of 319 respondents, 61(19%) reported resource needs. Of 61 families, 88% received repeat social work encounters to re-assess for resources; 59% received new resource referrals., Conclusions: Systematic SDoH screening can identify needs throughout the NICU stay, even among families already connected to social work support., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Objective: To examine neonatal outcomes of infants with gastroschisis born <32 weeks' gestation compared to matched infants without gastroschisis., Study Design: Retrospective matched-cohort analysis of infants with gastroschisis born <32 weeks' gestation at Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC) NICUs from 2010 to 2022 compared to gestational age-matched controls., Results: The study included 119 infants with gastroschisis and 357 matched infants; 60% of infants born 29-32 weeks, 23% born 26-28 weeks, and 16% born < 25 weeks. Mortality was not significantly different between groups (11% vs. 9%, p = 0.59). Preterm co-morbidities such as IVH, BPD, ROP, and PVL were similar, as were rates of surgical NEC. Infants with gastroschisis had longer hospital stays (92 vs. 67 days), higher CLABSI and UTIs, and were more likely to need feeding support at discharge., Conclusion: Compared to infants without gastroschisis, infants <32 weeks' gestation with gastroschisis had similar risks for inpatient mortality, NEC, and other preterm co-morbidities., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Both authors contributed equally.

Objective: To determine whether screening for social determinants of health (SDoH) in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) could uncover additional family needs., Methods: Secondary analysis of a prospective study in a level IV NICU. Participants filled out the Protocol for Responding to and Assessing Patients' Assets, Risks and Experiences (PRAPARE) tool, which includes economic, housing, transportation, and safety questions. Questionnaires were completed via secure tablet; the research team notified social workers of reported needs. Illness and demographic characteristics were compared between families who did and did not report resource needs. Manual chart review assessed subsequent response to reported SDoH needs., Results: Of 319 respondents, 61(19%) reported resource needs. Of 61 families, 88% received repeat social work encounter to re-assess for resources; 59% received new resource referrals., Conclusions: Systematic SDoH screening can identify needs throughout the NICU stay, even among families already connected to social work support., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflicts of interest/Disclosures: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Objective: The effect of gestational age (GA) on gastroschisis outcomes is unclear and delivery timing varies in practice. We aimed to correlate clinical outcomes of infants with gastroschisis and GA at delivery in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC)., Study Design: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of infants with gastroschisis admitted to CHNC neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 2010 to 2016. Patients were categorized by GA: 32 to 34 6/7 , 35 to 36 6/7 , and ≥37 weeks. Respiratory and feeding interventions, mortality, length of stay, and common complications were compared., Results: In 2021 for patients with gastroschisis, median GA at delivery was 36.3 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 35.1, 37.3) and mean birth weight 2,425 g (IQR 2,100, 2,766). Overall mortality was low and there was no difference across GA groups. Infants <35 weeks' gestation had the greatest need for respiratory and feeding interventions. Complications such as medical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), cholestasis, and central line-associated blood stream infection were less common in infants ≥37 weeks. Feeding initiation and full feeds were earliest in term infants, compared with infants between 35 and 36 6/7 weeks, and longest in infants <35 weeks. Prematurity had a significant negative association with breast milk exposure. Enteral feeding tube support at discharge increased with prematurity. Compared with term, infants born between 35 and 36 6/7 weeks' gestation had a higher incidence of medical NEC and lower exposure to mother's milk at discharge but the need for respiratory interventions or tube feeding at discharge was similar., Conclusion: Premature infants with gastroschisis had more neonatal complications including respiratory interventions, longer NICU stay, longer time to full enteral feeds, and higher need for tube feeds at discharge as compared with those delivered at term. Differences were greatest for those <35 weeks GA. While overall mortality remains low, these results provide additional information about GA at birth in gastroschisis, with no evidence of benefit from preterm delivery., Key Points: · Respiratory support was greatest for those with <35 weeks gestation.. · NEC and cholestasis increase with prematurity.. · Term infants have better feeding outcomes.., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests.

Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Benefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and the child are well established, but a comprehensive and robust study to investigate the protective effect of breastfeeding and attenuated time effect stratified by cause of morbidity are lacking. This study is based on the nationwide birth cohort in Korea that includes data on all infants born from 2009 to 2015. Of 1,608,540 children, the median follow-up period was 8.41 years (interquartile range, 6.76-10.06). When compared to children with fully formula feeding, the hospital admission rate was 12% lower in those with partially breastfeeding and 15% lower in those with exclusive breastfeeding. The apparent protective effect of breastfeeding was reduced with increasing age. Our study provides potential evidence of the beneficial association of breastfeeding on subsequent hospital admissions. The protective effect declined over time as the children grew older. Encouraging any breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months among infants is an important public health strategy to improve overall child health., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Background: Snakebite is a neglected public health issue in Nepal. We aimed to characterize patients with snake envenoming admitted to hospital in south-western Nepal., Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 476 snakebite patients admitted to Bheri Hospital from May to December 2017. Data were collected on patient demographics, bite circumstances, snake type, treatment-seeking behavior, clinical effects, complications and treatment., Results: There were 139/476 (29%) patients with clinical features of envenomation and 10 deaths (8%), of which six were prehospital deaths; 325/476 (68%) patients used non-recommended prehospital first aid, including 278 (58%) who applied a tourniquet and 43 (9%) consulting traditional healers. Median time to hospital arrival was 1.5 (IQR: 0.8-4) h. Also, 127 envenomated patients (91%) developed neurotoxicity and 12 (9%) hemotoxicity, while 124 patients (89%) received antivenom, with a median dose of 10 (4-30) vials. Three patients developed anaphylaxis following antivenom administration; 111 of 139 (80%) cases were admitted to the ICU and 48 (35%) were intubated. Median length of hospital stay for all cases was 0.5 (IQR: 0.5-1.2) d, but it was 2.2 (IQR: 1.5-3.8) d for envenomated cases., Conclusions: The majority of snakebite patients used non-recommended first aid or attended traditional healers. Almost one-third of patients developed systemic envenomation and required antivenom. The case fatality rate was high, but many died prior to arriving in hospital., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

Objectives: To examine characteristics and outcomes of T18 and T13 infants receiving intensive surgical and medical treatment compared to those receiving non-intensive treatment in NICUs., Study Design: Retrospective cohort of infants in the Children's Hospitals National Consortium (CHNC) from 2010 to 2016 categorized into three groups by treatment received: surgical, intensive medical, or non-intensive., Results: Among 467 infants admitted, 62% received intensive medical treatment; 27% received surgical treatment. The most common surgery was a gastrostomy tube. Survival in infants who received surgeries was 51%; intensive medical treatment was 30%, and non-intensive treatment was 72%. Infants receiving surgeries spent more time in the NICU and were more likely to receive oxygen and feeding support at discharge., Conclusions: Infants with T13 or T18 at CHNC NICUs represent a select group for whom parents may have desired more intensive treatment. Survival to NICU discharge was possible, and surviving infants had a longer hospital stay and needed more discharge supports., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance continue to kill an estimated 700,000 people annually, and this number is projected to increase ten-fold by 2050. With the lack of data, it is uncertain how the COVID-19 pandemic will affect antimicrobial resistance. Severe disruption of research, innovation, global health programs, and compromised antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control programs, especially in low-and middle-income countries, could affect antimicrobial resistance. However, factors such as strict lockdown, social distancing, vaccination, and the extensive implementation of hand hygiene and face masks, with limited international travel and migration, may also contribute to decreasing AMR. Although the impact of COVID-19 on AMR is global, the adverse effect is likely to be worse in LMICs. In this article, we explore the possible impact of the current pandemic on antibiotic resistance., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestHH has recently been in receipt of research funding from Astellas and Pfizer has received a consultancy fee from Pfizer in the last three years. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© Indian Virological Society 2021.)

Humanity has been threatened by pandemics since several decades with devastating effects on all human activities including the economy, and environment. Currently, the world is reeling from the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major threat to the livelihood of billions of people worldwide. Nepal is not an exception to this and has been seriously threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The thousands of the peoples who depend on daily wages to join hand to mouth has been under the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic because of job loss, disruption in the food supply chain. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic has thwarted Nepal's targets to achieve UN Sustainable Development Goals including an unprecedented state of vulnerability to hunger and poverty in the country. Though some informal shreds of evidence have reported the negative impacts of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development Goals, none of the scientific literature has been available regarding such impacts in Nepal yet. This review aims to synthesize extant literature that reports the effects of COVID-19 on the Nepalese economy and implications for achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals.We found that the COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges to achieve the country's committed United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals for Nepal. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a unique "income shock" that is supposed to precipitate household food insecurity in developing economy like Nepal. Our review indicated that the percentage of populations below poverty could rise even more than the present national reported value of 18% in the post-pandemic era. We emphasized generating employment and income-earning opportunities to build a resilient food system. Further, we urged to build international consensus to reset and rethink the course of sustainable development goals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Author(s).)

Staphylococcus aureus is both a frequent commensal and a leading cause of endocarditis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections and device-related infections. We performed this minireview to summarize the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical samples and estimate the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates in Nepal is 34.5%. On average, the proportion of multi-drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is 57.1%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounts for a total of 41.7%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in about 35% of the isolates. A regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance mechanism is necessary to mitigate the development of resistance among organisms and further spread of superbugs like methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus.

Scientific research can act as the 'bedrock for development' which can provide a solid foundation for the overall socioeconomic transformation in a country through invention and innovation. The inclusion of seven groups of Nepalese monuments in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)'s world heritage sites provides evidence of the richness in architecture and civil engineering in the country, which also show how Nepal was influenced by arts and religious philosophy. The government of Nepal (GoN) has established different scientific departments, universities, and research institutions, and has tried to emphasize the application of science and research for the development of the nation. These institutions, however, have inadequate resources, exist in a poor academic and research environment and are subject to overt political influence. Despite these various problems, a variety of pioneer research and development activities have been conducted, which show positive rays of hope. This review presents history, current situation, progress and future perspective for scientific research and development in Nepal., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 The Authors.)

Participants in religious festivals have practiced animal sacrifice as a core part of Hinduism for hundreds of years-at a small scale by individuals and at large scale at major festivals. Butchers frequently perform sacrificial slaughter openly, in sight and sound of other animals with little or no guidance from or adherence to hygienic standards, which are poor or non-existent. One Health principles could guide development of interventions to protect human and animal health and welfare from these practices, but this concept is poorly understood in Nepal. Animal welfare organizations and international outcry have prompted some action through the Supreme Court, but the result fell short of a ban and little has been done in the face of religious considerations. Public health agencies and policymakers must act to implement effective regulations and enforce laws to prevent the human, animal, and environmental health risks surrounding these inhumane and unhygienic practices in order to ensure the protection of animal welfare and public health.

PPR is an economically important trans-boundary disease of sheep and goats. Nepal had experienced several episodes of PPR outbreaks in the past. Although severity and frequency of outbreaks have decreased due to strenuous effort of Government of Nepal, it has been rather endemic. National PPR Control Program 2001, and PPR Control Program Implementation Working Guidelines, 2013, the legal documents guiding PPR control activities, have not been effective as expected due to multifactorial reasons. Thus, a critical analysis of the program with emphasis on impeding factors is must. In this review, we attempted to analyse and suggest more effective strategies considering geopolitical, social and cultural context of Nepal., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestI/We hereby declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the technical and financial aspects of this research., (© Indian Virological Society 2020.)

Avian influenza virus infection in humans is an emerging zoonotic disease having high economic and public health impacts. Due to its capability for genetic re-assortment, this virus can emerge as novel influenza strains with pandemic potential. Even though the first Avian influenza incidence in humans in Nepal was reported in April 2019, the threat of the disease remains unmitigated. Limited resources for surveillance, disease tracking, and weak health care facilities in low and middle-income countries will increase the possibility of the outbreak. Therefore, timely management and preparedness by strengthening veterinary and medical services, operational capabilities of laboratories, and surveillance programs through the "One-Health" approach could be crucial for the control of possible outbreaks in Nepal., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThere are no competing interests., (© Indian Virological Society 2020.)

More than 75% of emerging infectious diseases and 60% of known human infectious diseases are transmitted from animals. Among these zoonoses, rabies is of utmost public health significance due to its lethality. The multi-faceted nature of zoonotic disease complicates control and prevention and thus, a multi-sectoral One Health Approach could be a better strategy to cope with rabies. Up until now, rabies prevention and control programs are conducted utilizing mass vaccination of domestic and community dogs and cats, and mass awareness programs. However, the burden of rabies has not been reduced as these approaches have failed to include all stakeholders (human, animal, and environmental health sectors) in disease management programs. The aim of this review is to highlight why and how One Health Approach would be the most effective way to control rabies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nepal., Competing Interests: There are no competing interests., (© 2020 The Authors.)

Background: Families with a prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 or 18 are told many things, some true and some myths. They present with differing choices on how to proceed that may or may not be completely informed., Purpose: To provide the prenatal counselor with a review of the pertinent obstetrical and neonatal outcome data and ethical discussion to help them in supporting families with the correct information for counseling., Methods/search Strategy: This article provides a review of the literature on facts and myths and provides reasonable outcome data to help families in decision making., Findings/results: These disorders comprise a heterogeneous group regarding presentation, outcomes, and parental goals. The authors maintain that there needs to be balanced decision-making between parents and providers for the appropriate care for the woman and her infant., Implications for Practice: Awareness of this literature can help ensure that prenatal and palliative care consultation incorporates the appropriate facts and parental values and in the end supports differing choices that can support the infant's interests.

Objective: To describe how trisomy 21 affects neonatal intensive care management and outcomes of full-term infants without congenital anomalies., Study Design: Retrospective cohort of full-term infants without anomalies with and without trisomy 21 admitted to Pediatrix NICUs from 2005 to 2012. We compared diagnoses, management, length of stay, and discharge outcomes., Results: In all, 4623 infants with trisomy 21 and 606 770 infants without trisomy 21 were identified. One-third of infants in the NICU with and without trisomy 21 were full term without major anomalies. Trisomy 21 infants had more respiratory distress, thrombocytopenia, feeding problems, and pulmonary hypertension. They received respiratory support for a longer period of time and had a longer length of stay., Conclusion: One-third of infants with trisomy 21 admitted to the NICU are full term without major anomalies. Common diagnoses and greater respiratory needs place infants with trisomy 21 at risk for longer length of stay.

Objectives: To evaluate parental decisions following a prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 (T13) or trisomy 18 (T18), prenatal counseling received, and pregnancy outcomes., Study Design: Single-center, retrospective cohort study of families with a prenatal diagnosis of T13 or T18 from 2000 to 2016., Results: Out of 152 pregnancies, 55% were terminated. Twenty percent chose induction with palliative care, 20% chose expectant management, 2% chose full interventions, and 3% were lost to follow-up. Counseling was based on initial parental goals, but most women were given options besides termination. Women who chose expectant management had a live birth in 50% of the cases. Women who chose neonatal interventions had a live birth in 100% of the cases, but there were no long-term survivors., Conclusions: The majority of women who continue their pregnancy after a fetal diagnosis of T13 or T18 desire expectant management with palliative care. A live birth can be expected at least half of the time.