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Abstract Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. are intracellular vector-borne pathogens and harbored by a wide range of ticks and vertebrate hosts. Aim of this study was to molecularly characterize Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. in different ticks collected from livestock hosts in nine districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. In total, 862 ticks were collected from cattle, goats and sheep. Highest tick’s infestation was observed on cattle 56.14% (32/57), followed by goats 45.45% (40/88), and sheep 42.05% (45/107). Rhipicephalus microplus (305/862, 35.38%) was predominant species, followed by Haemaphysalis sulcata (243/862, 28.19%), Hyalomma anatolicum (133/862, 15.42%), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (120/862, 13.92%), and Hyalomma kumari (61/862, 7.07%). A subset of 135 ticks were screened for Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. based on the amplification of partial 16 S rDNA and outer-membrane protein A (ompA) fragments, respectively. In total, 16 ticks (11.85%) were positive for Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. Obtained 16 S rDNA sequences for Anaplasma spp. detected in Ha. bispinosa and Ha. sulcata showed 99.98% identity with Anaplasma bovis, while other detected in Rh. microplus showed 99.84% identity with Candidatus Anaplasma boleense. Similarly, detected ompA sequence in Ha. sulcata showed 100% identity with Rickettsia sp. and 97.93% with Rickettsia slovaca, and another sequence detected in Rh. microplus showed 100% identity with Candidatus Rickettsia shennongii. In phylogenetic trees, these sequences clustered with corresponding species from Pakistan, China, Turkey, South Korea, South Africa, and Herzegovina. This is the first study reporting detection of A. bovis in Ha. bispinosa and Ha. sulcata, Ca. A. boleense in Rh. microplus collected from goats, and R. slovaca-like in Ha. sulcata. Our results enforce the need for regular surveillance of Rickettsiales in hard ticks infesting livestock in the region.

Citronellol (CT) is a monoterpene alcohol present in the essential oil of plants of the genus Cymbopogon and exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. The aim of the current study was to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of CT against ethanol-induced toxicity in HepG2 cell lines. Silymarin (SIL) was used as a standard drug. MTT, crystal violet assay, DAPI, and PI staining were carried out to assess the effect of ethanol and CT on cell viability. RT-PCR determined the molecular mechanisms of hepatoprotective action of CT. CT ameliorated cell viability and restricted ethanol-induced cell death. DAPI and PI staining showed distinct differences in cell number and morphology. Less cell viability was observed in the diseased group obviously from strong PI staining when compared to the CT- and SIL-treated group. Moreover, CT showed downregulation of interleukin (IL-6), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), collagen type 1 A 1 (COL1A1), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and glutathione peroxidase-7 (GPX-7) levels. Molecular docking studies supported the biochemical findings. It is concluded that the cytoprotective activity of CT against ethanol-induced toxicity might be explained by its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and collagen-regulating effects.

Objectives: This study aims to formulate a clear understanding of Turkish-Egyptian relations by examining the regional variables and crises that have occurred in the area.Methodology: The current study required the use of a systems analysis approach, which focused on analyzing the impact of regional variables and conflicts between the countries in the region on the nature of the relationship between the two countries, in addition to a comparative approach wherever necessary.Results: The study found that the crises that the region experienced after 2011, along with the wave of regime changes in some Arab countries, had a significant impact on the nature of foreign policies and international relations in the region. The Libyan crisis is considered one of the most important variables affecting the reality of Turkish-Egyptian relations after 2011, and it negatively reflected on the nature of relations between the two countries after their involvement in this crisis, leading to a troubled relationship between Turkey and Egypt. The issue of the Qatari dispute with the Gulf Arab states, along with the involvement of Turkey and Egypt in the crisis, is considered one of the most significant changes that have negatively impacted relations between the two countries.Recommendations: The study recommends intensifying studies and research that demonstrate and clarify the impact of regional variables and their effect on the overall foreign relations, especially since Turkish-Egyptian relations have been clearly affected by these variables. It is essential to shed light on these variables and examine them closely.

Background and Aim: Bluetongue is a vector-borne, emerging disease that poses a severe threat to most domesticated animals. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) disease in apparently healthy sheep and goats in Kalat, Balochistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 270 serum samples (sheep: 150 and goat: 120) were collected and screened for the detection of anti-BTV antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data regarding different contributory risk factors were also collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Results: It revealed that overall, 27.4% (74/270, 95% confidence interval, χ2 = 1.71, p = 0.12) prevalence in both sheep and goat populations. The highest prevalence of 47% (32/68) was recorded in Surab city with the lowest prevalence of 15.49% (11/71) in the Manguchar area. In contrast, in Kalat 28.1% (9/32), Daan area 24% (12/50), and Marap area 22.44% (11/49), seropositivity was recorded. Upon sex bases, antibodies were almost equally found in both male 28.57% (8/28) and female 27.27% (66/242) animal populations. Moreover, all four breeds (Balochi, Khurasani, Lehri, and Rakhshani) were equally and potentially seropositive. The Khurasani breed was the most susceptible to 34.69% (17/49), followed by the Balochi breed, 45/145 (31%) seropositivity. The prevalence of BTV was 16.66% (1/6) in Rakhshani breed and 15.71% (11/70) in Lehri breed., Ticks were found in almost 21% of animals, while 93% of animals were reared on open grazing in rangelands. Conclusion: This study clearly indicates widespread BTV infection in small ruminants in the study area that may pose serious threats to livestock farming. Further extensive studies are recommended to study the prevalence of disease in different agroecological zones of the province. This also warns the high-ups to manage concrete efforts to eradicate and control the disease in the area.

The sandwich panel incorporated a honeycomb core, a widely utilized composite structure recognized as a fundamental classification of composite materials. Comprised a core resembling a honeycomb, possessing thickness and softness, and is flank by rigid face sheets that sandwich various shapes and materials. This paper presents an examination of the static and dynamic analysis of lightweight plates made of aluminum honeycomb sandwich composites. Honeycomb sandwich plate samples are 300 mm long, and 300 mm wide, the heights of the core have been varied at four values ranging from 10 to 25 mm. The honeycomb core is manufactured from Aluminum material by using a novel technique namely resistance spot welding (RSW) instead of using adhesive material, which is often used when an industrial flaw is detected. Numerical optimization based on response surface methodology (RSM) and design of experiment software (DOE) was used to verify the current work. A theoretical examination of the crashworthiness behavior (maximum bending load, maximum deflection) and vibration attributes (natural frequency, damping ratio, transient temporal response) of honeycomb sandwich panels with different design parameters was also carried out. In addition, the finite element method-based ANSYS software was used to confirm the theoretical conclusions. The findings of the present work showed that the relationship between the natural frequency, core height, and cell size is direct. In contrast, the relationship between the natural frequency and the thickness of the cell wall is inverse. Conversely, the damping ratio is inversely proportional to the core height and cell size but directly proportional to the thickness of the cell wall. The study indicates that altering the core height within 10–25 mm leads to a significant increase of 82 % in the natural frequency and a notable decrease of 49 % in the damping ratio. These findings are based on a specific cell size value of 0.01 m and a cell wall thickness of 0.001 m. Also, the results indicate that for a given set of cell wall thickness and size values, an increase in core height from (0.01–0.025) m, leads to a reduction of the percentage of maximum response approximately 76 %. Conversely, the increasing thickness of the wall of cell wall, ranging 0.3–0.7 mm with a constant core height equal to 0.015 m, resulted in a de crease of maximum transient response by 7.8 %.

Background: Over the past few decades, allergic diseases have become more prevalent and impact around 20% of the global population. There is clinical significance of allergic march as it places a burden on the quality of life of children and their families. Objectives: To assess the current situation of allergy conditions experienced by children attending elementary and junior high schools in Oyama and Tochigi cities, Japan. Methods: A letter was sent to parents informing them about an opt-in online survey concerning children's allergies along with a weblink and a QR code. A video explained the survey process and informed parents that their replies could not be retracted. Parents who had watched the explanation video and answered yes to participating were considered to have provided consent for the survey. Results: A total of 2038 valid replies were gathered. Allergic Rhinitis was the most commonly diagnosed allergy, followed by Asthma, Food Allergy, and Atopic Dermatitis. Around 70% of the children were affected by the allergies, of whom half had been affected by multiple allergies. Most children affected by Atopic Dermatitis, Food Allergy or Asthma were affected by other allergies. Atopic Dermatitis and Food Allergy were mostly diagnosed before Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis. Conclusions: Children who are diagnosed with either Atopic Dermatitis or a Food Allergy will likely be affected by other allergies later in life. Allergic march perpetuated an earlier peak diagnosis incident rate for allergic rhinitis. Allergic Rhinitis can occur independently from other allergies compared to Atopic Dermatitis, Food Allergy and Asthma.

Aim: Testing the feasibility of the determination to what extent the inability to repair DNA lesions in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, contributes to the alteration of immune responses, in the course of skin carcinogenesis. Methods: Serum samples from 11 (five XP, six non-XP) bearing skin carcinomas and from three healthy donors, were available for the quantification of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN‐γ and TNF-α cytokines concentrations. We used kits for ELISA test, by a non-competitive sandwich method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed, using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, with an accuracy of 5%. Results: Our results showed that the majority of XP and non-XP cancer patients showed a significant increase in the secretion of TNF-α cytokine above healthy individuals (controls). TNF-α was also found to be significantly high in the serum of XP patients above that reported for the studied non-XP cancer patients. At the same time, TNF-α was not detected in the serum of non-XP and of healthy controls. This increase in the expression level of TNF-α was statistically significant between XP and non-XP patients, and between XP patients and controls. In contrast, there were no significant differences between XP patients and healthy controls, as well as between XP and non-XP patients, for the level of serum IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. On the other hand, we found no detectable levels of IFN‐γ cytokine in the serum of all the studied subgroups. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrate a general tendency to secrete inflammatory cytokines, in the cancerous groups of patients (XP and non-XP), in comparison to healthy controls, while a significantly higher propensity to develop inflammation, in XP than in non-XP cancer patients.

The ID10 beamline of the SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) synchrotron light source in Jordan was inaugurated in June 2023 and is now open to scientific users. The beamline, which was designed and installed within the European Horizon 2020 project BEAmline for Tomography at SESAME (BEATS), provides full-field X-ray radiography and microtomography imaging with monochromatic or polychromatic X-rays up to photon energies of 100 keV. The photon source generated by a 2.9 T wavelength shifter with variable gap, and a double-multilayer monochromator system allow versatile application for experiments requiring either an X-ray beam with high intensity and flux, and/or a partially spatial coherent beam for phase-contrast applications. Sample manipulation and X-ray detection systems are designed to allow scanning samples with different size, weight and material, providing image voxel sizes from 13 µm down to 0.33 µm. A state-of-the-art computing infrastructure for data collection, three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction and data analysis allows the visualization and exploration of results online within a few seconds from the completion of a scan. Insights from 3D X-ray imaging are key to the investigation of specimens from archaeology and cultural heritage, biology and health sciences, materials science and engineering, earth, environmental sciences and more. Microtomography scans and preliminary results obtained at the beamline demonstrate that the new beamline ID10-BEATS expands significantly the range of scientific applications that can be targeted at SESAME.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. Results The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Conclusion This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.

Abstract. Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC; terms used interchangeably) is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges (specifically the arachnoid and pia maters) and spinal cord. In the United States, approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year, and the prognosis is usually poor. Complications of LMC include cognitive impairment, cranial nerve dysfunction, ischemic stroke, and mortality. The survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months, respectively. Leptomeningeal carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous system. Although lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC, it remains unclear whether prostate cancer (PC) is also directly associated with LMC. To determine whether such association exists, we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting LMCs. Our search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed LMC. In addition, 2 retrospective cohort studies were examined. Various findings were identified in the revised cases and studies. The first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease: patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average, LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses, and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were present. Regarding diagnosis, the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (which does not detect early dissemination), and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier detection. Finally, in terms of treatment, the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite treatment. On the basis of these results, we recommend for individuals with risk factors, such as high-grade PC and hormonal PC, to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis for increased surveillance of LMC development.

Drilling is one of the most challenging and expensive processes in hydrocarbon extraction and geothermal well development. Dysfunctions faced during drilling can increase the non-productive time (NPT) greatly, resulting in inflating the drilling cost and also pose a safety concern. One of the main problems faced during drilling that limits the life of drilling equipment and tools and decreases the overall productivity of the system is drilling vibrations. These vibrations can be categorized into three modes: axial, lateral, and torsional. Stick-slip vibrations are a type of torsional vibration in which the bottom hole assembly (BHA) periodically stops to rotate followed by a spike in the bottom hole RPM. This paper provides a comprehensive review of techniques used to control and mitigate torsional vibration with an emphasis on stick-slip. A brief introduction to drillstring and friction modeling is presented followed by a concise summary of passive control techniques to control stick-slip. Then the focus is shifted to an up-to-date review of active control and machine learning for stick-slip control and mitigation. The paper ultimately highlights the importance of adapting novel control and mitigation concepts to improve stick slip detection and improve the overall drilling process. A unique solution is insufficient to control a complex process such as drilling, but integration of various techniques has been found promising.

Phosphorus is a key limiting factor for plant growth. Several approaches are developed to mitigate the impact of P shortage on plants and to the selection of crops with high P mobilizing capacity from P-deficient soils. In this work, four Medicago truncatula genotypes (A17, TN8.20, TN1.11, and TN6.18) were compared for their efficiency to cope with P limiting conditions using several criteria. Significant differences between genotypes, P deficiency treatments, and the interaction of genotypes with P deficiency treatments were found. P limitation resulted in an important decrease in shoot biomass, P content, P use efficiency, and photosynthetic parameters. A significant variability was found between the four genotypes, with A17 and TN8.20 being the most tolerant genotypes to P deficiency. This was consistent with the better ability of these genotypes to acidify rhizosphere and stimulate the activity of acid phosphatase and its relative gene (MtPAP1). The expression of P transporter genes (MtPT1, MtPT3, and MtPT5) was induced by P deficiency, however, the overexpression of those genes was more pronounced in tolerant genotypes. Overall, our data indicate that A17 and TN8.20 are more efficient in mobilizing P under limiting conditions and could be cultivated in P-deficient soils as forage crops.

Abstract Background Key discoveries and innovations in the field of human genetics have led to the foundation of molecular and personalized medicine. Here, we present the Genome Tunisia Project, a two-phased initiative (2022–2035) which aims to deliver the reference sequence of the Tunisian Genome and to support the implementation of personalized medicine in Tunisia, a North African country that represents a central hub of population admixture and human migration between African, European, and Asian populations. The main goal of this initiative is to develop a healthcare system capable of incorporating omics data for use in routine medical practice, enabling medical doctors to better prevent, diagnose, and treat patients. Methods A multidisciplinary partnership involving Tunisian experts from different institutions has come to discern all requirements that would be of high priority to fulfill the project’s goals. One of the most urgent priorities is to determine the reference sequence of the Tunisian Genome. In addition, extensive situation analysis and revision of the education programs, community awareness, appropriate infrastructure including sequencing platforms and biobanking, as well as ethical and regulatory frameworks, have been undertaken towards building sufficient capacity to integrate personalized medicine into the Tunisian healthcare system. Results In the framework of this project, an ecosystem with all engaged stakeholders has been implemented including healthcare providers, clinicians, researchers, pharmacists, bioinformaticians, industry, policymakers, and advocacy groups. This initiative will also help to reinforce research and innovation capacities in the field of genomics and to strengthen discoverability in the health sector. Conclusions Genome Tunisia is the first initiative in North Africa that seeks to demonstrate the major impact that can be achieved by Human Genome Projects in low- and middle-income countries to strengthen research and to improve disease management and treatment outcomes, thereby reducing the social and economic burden on healthcare systems. Sharing this experience within the African scientific community is a chance to turn a major challenge into an opportunity for dissemination and outreach. Additional efforts are now being made to advance personalized medicine in patient care by educating consumers and providers, accelerating research and innovation, and supporting necessary changes in policy and regulation.

This study explores the antifungal efficacy of oregano and cumin essential oils against Aspergillus flavus in almonds. Our findings revealed that oregano oil at a concentration of 150 µg l-1 was significantly more effective in inhibiting Aspergillus flavus growth than cumin oil at 300 µg l-1. After a 10-day incubation period, almonds treated with oregano oil exhibited an average fungal infection rate of just 5%, compared to 58% for cumin oil-treated almonds, and a high 95% in untreated control samples. This indicates a remarkable 94% reduction in Aspergillus flavus growth for oregano oil-treated almonds in comparison to the control group. In contrast, cumin oil showed a 39% decrease in fungal contamination relative to the control, demonstrating its lesser but notable antifungal potential. The study also found that almonds with dry peel had lower mold contamination rates than those with green peel when treated with these essential oils, highlighting the protective role of the hardened endocarp. Thirteen panellists rated almond qualities using a 9-point scale. Cumin oil treated almonds had higher aroma and flavor ratings than oregano oil and control almonds. Cumin offered a spicy aroma and harmonious flavor, while oregano had a medicinal aroma and bitter taste. Cumin effectively inhibited fungal growth and maintained almond quality. Sensory analysis showed a consumer preference for the aroma and taste of cumin oil-treated almonds, despite the lower antifungal efficacy. Overall, this research underscores the potential of oregano and cumin essential oils as sustainable alternatives to synthetic preservatives in controlling Aspergillus flavus infection in almonds post-harvest.

Abstract The management of groundwater systems is essential for nations that rely on groundwater as the principal source of communal water supply (e.g., Mohmand District of Pakistan). The work employed Remote Sensing and GIS datasets to ascertain the groundwater recharge zones (GWRZ) in the Mohmand District of Pakistan. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the impact of geology and hydrologic factors on the variability of the GWRZ. The GWRZ was determined by employing weighted overlay analysis on thematic maps derived from datasets about drainage density, slope, geology, rainfall, lineament density, land use/land cover, and soil types. The use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) involves the utilization of the multi-influencing factor (MIF) and analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) to allocate weights to the selected influencing factors. The MIF data found that very high groundwater recharge spanned 1.20%, high zones covered 40.44%, moderate zones covered 50.81%, and low zones covered 7.54%. In comparison, the AHP technique results suggest that 1.81% of the whole area is very high, 33.26 is high, 55.01% is moderate, and 9.92% has low groundwater potential. The geospatial-assisted multi-influencing factor approach helps increase conceptual knowledge of groundwater resources and evaluate possible groundwater zones.

Groundwater is an indispensable source for domestic-use, agriculture, industry and sustainable development. Groundwater scarcity is Pakistan’s emerging issue, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study intends to demarcate the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in these regions using Multi-Influence-Factors (MIF), validated with Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and well data. The study region was classified into four GWPZ: very high (340 km2), high (4997.11 km2), moderate (17615.14 km2) and poor (16355.46 km2). These interpretations were supported by the VES survey, and water bearing layers have been recognized at 32 m, 137 m, 87 m, 10 m at VES points 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively in Karak, and at 152 m, 194 m, and 93 m at VES points 1, 2, and 3, respectively in Lakki Marwat, while at 125 m, 119 m and 80 m at VES points 1, 2 and 3, respectively in D. I. Khan. The southern region is predominantly poor, the northern and northeastern parts are high to very high, while the southwest part has moderate potential. Water depth is

Abstract VANET is a category of MANET that aims to provide wireless communication. It increases the safety of roads and passengers. Millions of people lose their precious lives in accidents yearly, millions are injured, and others incur disability daily. Emergency vehicles need clear roads to reach their destination faster to save lives. Video streaming can be more effective as compared to textual messages and warnings. To address this issue, we proposed a methodology to use visual sensors, cameras, and OBU to record emergency videos. Initially, the frames are detected. After re-recording, the frames detection algorithm detects the specific event from the video frames. Blockchain encrypts an emergency or specific event using hashing algorithms in the second layer of our proposed framework. In the third layer of the proposed methodology, encrypted video is broadcast with the help of 5G wireless technology to the connected nodes in the VANET. The dataset used in this research comprises up to 72 video sequences averaging about 120 seconds per video. All videos have different traffic conditions and vehicles. The ResNet-50 model is used for the feature extraction process of extracted frames. The model is trained using Tensorflow and Keras deep learning models. The Elbow method finds the optimal K number for the K Means model. This data is split into training and testing. 70% is reserved for training the support vector machine (SVM) model and test datasets, while 30%. 98% accuracy is achieved with 98% precision and 99% recall as results for the proposed methodology.

Abstract A 37-year-old male patient with a past history of fluctuating hypertension and insulin-treated diabetes mellitus presented to our clinic with a 1-year history of sudden-onset cough, dyspnea, and frank hemoptysis. Examination showed asthenia, moderate anemia, uncontrolled blood pressure, and a past history of one admission for management of hemoptysis and cardiac failure. The evaluation showed mild anemia, azotemia, low ejection fraction, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the chest, and sputum suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage. Investigation during current admission revealed proteinuria, left suprarenal mass on USG, and clear lung parenchyma on chest X-ray and CECT. Autoimmune workup for vasculitis was negative and 24-h urinary catecholamine levels were elevated with CECT abdomen confirming pheochromocytoma. His blood pressure was controlled and he underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy with confirmation on histopathology. Postoperatively he is doing well with minimal requirement of antihypertensive, and diabetes is controlled with diet and exercise only. This case highlights diffuse alveolar hemorrhage as a rare presentation of pheochromocytoma. This case also highlights that secondary cause of hypertension should always be ruled out in case of uncontrolled hypertension in young patients to prevent devastating complications.

Abstract Background Pakistani’s health services delivery system has been rarely evaluated regarding patient satisfaction. This study examined the performance of the Pakistani health system from the perspective of doctor services (DS), digital payment system (DPS), nurses’ services (NS), laboratory services (LS), pharmacy services (PHS), registration services (RS), physical services (environmentally and tangible) and doctor-patient communication (DPC) about patient satisfaction. A random sampling technique was adopted for data collection. Methodology The Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS), analysis of moment structures (AMOS), and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data for reliability, validity, correlations, and descriptive findings. The 879 responses were used for study analysis. Results The study revealed that patient satisfaction was found to be significantly affected positively by LS, PHS, DS, NS, and DPS, while DPC, RS, and PF were impacted non-significantly. Consequently, there is a considerable communication gap in the doctor-patient interaction, and Pakistan's healthcare system is confronted with a shortage of physical infrastructure and challenges in the digital system. Conclusion Furthermore, the insufficient emphasis on registration services necessitates immediate action to improve the entire patient experience and satisfaction. Identifying these shortcomings has the potential to result in a healthcare system that is more efficient and focused on the needs of the patients.

Introduction The patient experience (PX) is central to improving the quality of healthcare services. We launched a PX capacity- and capability-building program at the Armed Forces Hospitals Taif Region, which is integral to our regional healthcare cluster transformation plans and is an initial step toward developing a culture of improvement in human experience in healthcare. Methods A multidisciplinary PX committee recruited five frontline interprofessional PX heads, one from each of our regional healthcare hospitals. The Kirkpatrick model for program evaluation was used to assess the impact on four key levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. A pre-program competency assessment was conducted to evaluate the level of expertise across various PX competencies, and a program curriculum was developed accordingly. Participants underwent an intensive workshop-based PX capacity-building training program. A post-program competency assessment was performed along with a post-program survey. The PX-related activities led by interprofessional frontline PX heads at their respective hospitals’ post-programs were tracked. The impact on the regional PX mean score across various settings, including inpatient, outpatient, and emergency settings, was measured using Press Ganey PX surveys. Our work is reported in accordance with the SQUIRE-EDU guidelines of the EQUATOR network. Results The PX capacity-building program led to a significant improvement in participants’ expertise across various PX competencies. Significant improvements beyond the strategic targets were observed in the PX mean score in inpatient departments pre-program (83.31) vs. post-program (86.34), with a p-value of < 0.001 across the regional healthcare system. Conclusion The PX capacity-building program is a first step toward major cultural change amid the healthcare cluster transformation in our regional healthcare system. The Kirkpatrick model helps evaluate the impact of PX capacity- and capability-building training programs comprehensively through an organizational approach. Sustainable improvements in PX over a long period through a capacity-building program alone remain challenging.

Objective: Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with advanced coronary artery disease who are not eligible for endovascular or surgical revascularization have limited options. Extracellular vesicles have shown potential to improve myocardial function in preclinical models. Extracellular vesicles can be conditioned to modify their components. Hypoxia-conditioned extracellular vesicles have demonstrated the ability to reduce infarct size and apoptosis in small animals. Our objective is to assess the potential benefits of hypoxia-conditioned extracellular vesicles in a large animal model of coronary artery disease. Methods: Coronary artery disease was induced in 14 Yorkshire swine by ameroid constriction of the left circumflex coronary artery. Two weeks postsurgery, swine underwent a repeat left thoracotomy for injections of hypoxia-conditioned extracellular vesicles (n = 7) or saline (control, n = 7). Five weeks later, all animals underwent terminal harvest for perfusion measurements and myocardial sectioning. Results: Myocardial perfusion analysis demonstrated a trend toward increase at rest and a significant increase during rapid pacing (P = .09, P

Abstract The cardiac conduction system (CCS) is a network of specialized cardiomyocytes that coordinates electrical impulse generation and propagation for synchronized heart contractions. Although the components of the CCS, including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, were anatomically discovered more than 100 years ago, their molecular constituents and regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate the transcriptomic landscape of the postnatal mouse CCS at a single-cell resolution with spatial information. Integration of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics uncover region-specific markers and zonation patterns of expression. Network inference shows heterogeneous gene regulatory networks across the CCS. Notably, region-specific gene regulation is recapitulated in vitro using neonatal mouse atrial and ventricular myocytes overexpressing CCS-specific transcription factors, Tbx3 and/or Irx3. This finding is supported by ATAC-seq of different CCS regions, Tbx3 ChIP-seq, and Irx motifs. Overall, this study provides comprehensive molecular profiles of the postnatal CCS and elucidates gene regulatory mechanisms contributing to its heterogeneity.

Abstract Background The study examined the effects of Happy Mother—Healthy Baby (HMHB), a cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention on breastfeeding outcomes for Pakistani women with prenatal anxiety. Methods Breastfeeding practices were evaluated in a randomized controlled trial between 2019 and 2022 in a public hospital in Pakistan. The intervention group was randomized to receive six HMHB sessions targeted towards prenatal anxiety (with breastfeeding discussed in the final session), while both groups also received enhanced usual care. Breastfeeding was defined in four categories: early breastfeeding, exclusive early breastfeeding, recent breastfeeding, and exclusive recent breastfeeding. Early breastfeeding referred to the first 24 h after birth and recent breastfeeding referred to the last 24 h before an assessment at six-weeks postpartum. Potential confounders included were mother’s age, baseline depression and anxiety levels, stress, social support, if the first pregnancy (or not) and history of stillbirth or miscarriage as well as child’s gestational age, gender. Both intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were examined. Stratified analyses were also used to compare intervention efficacy for those with mild vs severe anxiety. Results Out of the 1307 eligible women invited to participate, 107 declined to participate and 480 were lost to follow-up, resulting in 720 women who completed the postpartum assessment. Both intervention and control arms were similar on demographic characteristics (e.g. sex, age, income, family structure). In the primary intent-to-treat analysis, there was a marginal impact of the intervention on early breastfeeding (OR 1.38, 95% CI: 0.99–1.92; 75.4% (N = 273) vs. 69.0% (N = 247)) and a non-significant association with other breastfeeding outcomes (OR1.42, 95% CI: 0.89–2.27; (47) 12.9% vs. (34) 9.5%, exclusive early breastfeeding; OR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.94–2.35; 90% (N = 327) vs. 86% (N = 309), recent breastfeeding; OR1.01, 95% CI: 0.76–1.35; 49% (N = 178) vs 49% (N = 175) exclusive recent breastfeeding). Among those who completed the intervention’s six core sessions, the intervention increased the odds of early breastfeeding (OR1.69, 95% CI:1.12–2.54; 79% (N = 154) vs. 69% (N = 247)) and recent breastfeeding (OR 2.05, 95% CI:1.10–3.81; 93% (N = 181) vs. 86% (N = 309)). For women with mild anxiety at enrolment, the intervention increased the odds of recent breastfeeding (OR 2.41, 95% CI:1.17–5.00; 92% (N = 137) vs. 83% (N = 123). Conclusions The study highlights the potential of CBT-based interventions like HMHB to enhance breastfeeding among women with mild perinatal anxiety, contingent upon full participation in the intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03880032.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: هدفت الدراسة لتحديد الخصائص والعوامل التحفيزية للمتقدمين لبرنامج الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية في جامعة تابعة للقطاع العام، كراتشي. طرق البحث: شملت هذه الدراسة الوصفية المقطعية، التي أجريت من سبتمبر حتى أكتوبر 2022، جميع المتقدمين البالغ عددهم 60 متقدم لبرنامج الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية في جامعة جناح السند الطبية. تم توزيع استبانة عبر نموذج غوغل تضمن أسئلة لجمع المعلومات الديموغرافية، وعدد قليل من الأسئلة ذات الخيارات للاختيار، و34 عبارة للاستجابة بمقياس من خمس نقاط. كما تضمن سؤالا مفتوحا حول العوامل التحفيزية. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية واستخدام اختبار ''تي'' للعينات المستقلة لتحديد الفروقات بين مجموعات المتقدمين بناء على العوامل الديموغرافية. النتائج: استجاب 48 مشاركا، بمتوسط عمر 35.8±7.3 سنة، وكان الغالبية من الذكور (81.3%)، وخريجي برامج الطب وطب الأسنان (عددهم 29)، ويعملون في أقسام التعليم الطبي (عددهم 36). معظم المتقدمين أرادوا الانضمام إلى البرنامج لتحسين مهاراتهم في التدريس، خاصة لتدريس المهارات النفسحركية (96%) والبحث التعليمي (90%). علمت الأغلبية (64.6%) عن البرنامج من خلال الزملاء، بينما اختار 29.9% متابعة البرنامج بشكل مستقل. كانت دوافعهم الرئيسية نابعة من عدم قدرتهم على الحصول على قبول في أماكن أخرى (متوسط الدرجات 4.58±0.87) والاعتقاد بأن الجهد المطلوب للحصول على الدرجة كان ضئيلا (متوسط الدرجات 4.42±0.94). بالنسبة لخريجي الطب وطب الأسنان، ظهرت استجابات متشابهة، مما أظهر ارتباطا ذا دلالة إحصائية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك عدم اتفاق مشترك حول هيكل البرنامج وأعضاء هيئة التدريس كعوامل تحفيزية. الاستنتاجات: كانت الدوافع الرئيسية للحصول على درجة الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية هي تحسين مهارات التدريس. كانت الدوافع للتقدم لهذا البرنامج تحديدا هي الفشل في القبول في أماكن أخرى والاعتقاد بأن الجهد المطلوب لإكمال هذا البرنامج كان ضئيلا. يجب أن يتم نشر أهداف وغرض البرنامج بشكل أفضل مع إدخال تغييرات في معايير وإجراءات القبول من أجل تشجيع الأفراد الذين لديهم دافع لمتابعة التعليم الطبي كمسار مهني. Abstract: Objective: To determine characteristics and motivational factors of applicants applying for MHPE program at a Public-sector University, Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from September till October 2022, included all 60 applicants of MHPE program at Jinnah Sindh Medical University. The survey questionnaire was administered (google form) and comprised questions seeking demographic information, few questions with options to select and 34 statements to be responded on 5-point scale. One open-ended question asking motivational factor/s. Data was analyzed using SPSS and independent sample t-test was used to determine the differences between groups of applicants based on demographic factors. Results: 48 participants responded, mean age was 35.8 ± 7.3 years, with predominantly males (81.3%), graduates of medical and dental programs (n = 29), and employed in medical education departments (n = 36). Most of the applicants wanted to join the program to improve their teaching skills, especially psychomotor skills teaching (96%) and educational research [90%]. Majority (64.6%) learned about the program through peers, whereas 29.9% independently chose to pursue the program. Their primary motivation stemmed from their inability to secure admission elsewhere and the belief that minimal effort was needed to acquire the degree (mean score 4.58 ± 0.87 and 4.42 ± 0.94), respectively. For medical and dental graduates, comparable responses emerged, displaying a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05). However, there was mutual disagreement regarding the program's structure and faculty as motivating factors. Conclusion: Primary motivations to earn an MHPE degree were to improve teaching skills. Motivations to apply to this particular program was the failure to be accepted elsewhere and the perception that minimal efforts were needed to complete this program. The program goals and purpose need to be better propagated along with changes in the admission processes in order to encourage those individuals to apply who are motivated to pursue medical education as a career.

Background:Studies indicate that Trichomonas tenax is a significant factor in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis in the gingival region. This organism is an opportunist that can thrive in the environment created by periodontal disease. Objectives:The aim of this study is to detect T. tenax using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique in plaque-induced gingivitis (PIG) patients in Babylon. Materials and Methods:This study involved 50 healthy participants (control group) and 50 patients with PIG. Saliva samples were collected from each patient and transported to the Alharithia and Baghdad laboratories of the Advancement Scientific Office Learning Center for molecular testing. Results:T. tenax infection was identified using RT-qPCR and melting curve analysis in 16% of the gingivitis patients (PIG) exposed to plaque. Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation was observed between patient age groups and the presence of PIG disease, as indicated by the t test (27.568, P = 0.000), and between sex, as determined by the t test (8.573, P = 0.000). Conclusion:This study underscores the higher prevalence of T. tenax in patients with PIG disease. Furthermore, it highlights the correlation between these presence of these parasites and the age and sex of PIG disease patients.

Abstract Tracking is a crucial problem for nonlinear systems as it ensures stability and enables the system to accurately follow a desired reference signal. Using Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models, this paper addresses the problem of fuzzy observer and control design for a class of nonlinear systems. The Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models can represent nonlinear systems because it is a universal approximation. Firstly, the T–S fuzzy modeling is applied to get the dynamics of an observational system in order to estimate the unmeasurable states of an unknown nonlinear system. There are various kinds of nonlinear systems that can be modeled using T–S fuzzy systems by combining the input state variables linearly. Secondly, the T–S fuzzy systems can handle unknown states as well as parameters known to the indirect adaptive fuzzy observer. A simple feedback method is used to implement the proposed controller. As a result, the feedback linearization method allows for solving the singularity problem without using any additional algorithms. A fuzzy model representation of the observation system comprises parameters and a feedback gain. The Lyapunov function and Lipschitz conditions are used in constructing the adaptive law. This method is then illustrated by an illustrative example to prove its effectiveness with different kinds of nonlinear functions. A well-designed controller is effective and its performance index minimizes network utilization—this factor is particularly significant when applied to wireless communication systems.

Abstract Hyperuricemia is associated with an increased risk of gout, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Most mammals maintain normal serum uric acid (SUA) via urate oxidase (Uox), an enzyme that metabolizes poorly-soluble UA to highly-soluble allantoin. In contrast, Uox became a pseudogene in humans and apes over the long course of evolution. Here we demonstrate an atavistic strategy for treating hyperuricemia based on endogenous expression of Uox in hepatocytes mediated by mRNA (mUox) loaded with an ionizable lipid nanoparticle termed iLAND. mUox@iLAND allows effective transfection and protein expression in vitro. A single dose of mUox@iLAND lowers SUA levels for several weeks in two female murine models, including a novel long-lasting model, which is also confirmed by metabolomics analysis. Together with the excellent safety profiles observed in vivo, the proposed mRNA agent demonstrates substantial potential for hyperuricemia therapy and the prevention of associated conditions.

Flow past bluff bodies like square cylinders is important in engineering applications, but flow patterns behind staggered cylinder arrangements remain poorly understood. Existing studies have focused on tandem or side-by-side configurations, while offset orientations have received less attention. The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate flow dynamics and force characteristics behind two offset square cylinders using the single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of changing both the Reynolds number (Re = 1-150) and gap spacing ratio (g* = 0.5-5) between the cylinders are analyzed. Instantaneous vorticity contours, time histories of drag and lift coefficients, power spectra of lift, and force statistics are used to characterize the flow. Different flow regimes have been identified in various ranges of Re and g* - including steady, chaotic, flip-flopping, single-bluff body, and fully developed flows. Larger spacings led to more regular vortex dynamics and force statistics. Smaller spacings promoted complex interactions and modulated forces. Offset cylinder orientation and spacing significantly influence flow features in staggered arrangements. The findings provide new modalities for controlling fluid dynamics past bluff bodies by tuning Re and gap parameters.

The development of science and technology as a digital world provides opportunities and challenges, one of which is the moral crisis for the younger generation, especially students who are agents of change, which means changing from bad things to good. This, of course, cannot be separated from the role and contribution of lecturers in instilling character in their students. So the purpose of this study is to describe the Contribution of Lecturers in Improving Student Ethics and Morals in the Digital Age According to an Axiological Perspective. The method used was a literature review, while the data was collected using careful observation techniques and then the contents were analyzed and finally concluded. The results of the study show that the Contribution of Lecturers in Improving Student Ethics and Morale in the Digital Age According to an Axiological Perspective includes instilling ethical and moral values, providing good examples and role models, implementing an integrated curriculum, wise use of technology, providing opportunities for discussion and reflection, providing feedback behind that builds, becomes a place for stories for students, and finally supports social activities.

Abstract The demand for modern electronics and semiconductors has increased throughout the years, which has enabled the innovation and exploration of solution-processed deposition. Solution-based processes have gained a lot of interest due to the low-cost fabrication and the large fabrication areas without the need for high-vacuum equipment. In this study, we utilized the ZnO ink for inkjet printer ink to fabricate a thin film via Electrohydrodynamic printing. Three different ink solutions were prepared for experimentation. The EHD printing technique demonstrated the ink’s compatibility with and without the modifications. The outcomes of the EHD printed materials were comparable with the spin-coated thin films. The EHD-printed films demonstrated better results in comparison to spin-coated films. Ra and Rq of the EHD film measured at 3.651 nm and 4.973 nm, respectively. It improved the absorbance up to two-fold at 360 nm wavelength and electrical conductivity up to 40% compared to the spin-coated films. Furthermore, the optimization of the printing parameters can lead to the improved morphology and thickness of the EHD thin films.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence varies widely around the world and is impacted by factors such as the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol intake, and access to healthcare. The proteins (BRAF_human, VGFR3_human, EGFR_human and UFO_human) play a vital role in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis, which involves cell proliferation, cell growth, transmission of extracellular signals to the cell nucleus and consequently regulating many other cellular processes. Fostamatinib has been studied for its possible use in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer because it is a more convenient therapy choice for patients and has minor side effects on the human body. However, resveratrol phytochemical has been investigated for its potential use in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of disorders, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurological problems due to its frequently antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating characteristics, which can aid in the prevention of chronic illnesses. This study developed de novo-based fragment-optimized resveratrol (FOR), enhancing therapeutic potential and lowering toxicity. The docking study was performed with four target proteins, and the findings reveal that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 protein possessed the highest binding energy values of −7.6 kcal/mol with FOR. Additionally, it completely fulfills the criteria of drug-likeliness rules. Thus, FOR proves to be an efficient drug candidate for future in-vivo studies against hepatocellular carcinoma.

Let [Formula: see text] be a connected plane graph. Let [Formula: see text] be a k-labeling where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The weight of a face f under ρ is defined as [Formula: see text]. Then ρ is called a face irregular labeling of type [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for any two faces [Formula: see text]. The face irregular strength of G is the smallest integer k such that G admits a face irreg ular k-labeling. In this paper we determine the face irregular strength of the grid graph [Formula: see text] under a labeling of type [Formula: see text].

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of integrating Photovoltaic (PV) with commercial load and examine the impact on distribution networks. To estimate the hourly PV output power, 13 years of historical weather data were used. Furthermore, a beta probability density function was modeled to handle large amounts of data and generate a 24-hour predicted PV curve. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to determine the location and size of multiple PV units, ranging from 1 to 3. PV performance was tested on IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems using time-varying commercial load, with power loss index (PLI) set as the objective function. PV penetration level was also calculated. The results showed a significant power loss reduction and PV penetration levels when 3 PV units were integrated into the system compared to a single PV unit. Specifically, the power loss reduction improved from 32.71% to 45.37% and 43.80% to 48.08%, producing PV penetration levels of 43.08% and 40.15% in 33-bus and 69-bus systems, respectively. The results indicated that the integration of multiple PV units was better than the single PV integration. The proposed model using PSO determined the impact of considering weather-dependent PV generation simultaneously with time-varying loads. It also provided knowledge to model the optimal location and sizing of multiple PV units in the distribution networks based on the generated solar irradiance patterns.

In the evolving economic and geopolitical landscape, regional integration serves as a strategy for countries to enhance global influence and optimise trade relations. The present study assesses the impact of trade liberalisation under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on Algeria’s exports, contributing thus to the debate on the potential effects of trade agreements involving developing countries. The study relies on official data gathered from international institutions to compute essential trade indicators, particularly those related to concentration and regional orientation. Our analysis enabled us to categorise products based on the possible effects they are likely to encounter. The results show that only four natural resource-based products will continue to enjoy a trade expansion. More importantly, a large number of non-hydrocarbon products are not likely to increase despite tariff reductions. According to our findings, the effects of the AfCFTA on trade creation are limited. The analysis revealed that Algeria currently lacks the essential prerequisites for a successful integration into the African market. To facilitate its integration process, a series of complementary measures must be implemented.

Here in, we study the structural, electronic, mechanical, optical and thermoelectric properties of As based Ba3AsX3 (X = F, Cl) using the density functional theory. The result show that both materials crystallize into cubic structure. The tolerance factor and octahedral factor indicates that both materials have stable perovskite structure. The obtained optimize lattice constant are 6.12 Å and 6.50 Å for Ba3AsF3 and Ba3AsCl3 respectively. The phonon dispersion curves show that both materials are dynamically stable. The electronic study reveals that both materials have semiconductor having band gap of 2.27eV and 1.73eV for Ba3AsF3 and Ba3AsCl3 respectively. Elastic constants are computed and found that both materials are mechanical stable. Furthermore, elastic study presents that both materials are ductile and have anisotropic nature. The optical results show that both materials have excellent optical absorption. It is observed that relaxation time for Ba3AsF3 is longer than that of Ba3AsCl3. Thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity electronic thermal conductivity, power factor and figure of merit are calculated for both materials. It is observed that for both materials Seebeck have almost same maximum value of 1.55 × 10−3 V/K at 300K. The electrical conductivity is found to be greater for Ba3AsF3 than Ba3AsCl3. The figure of merit ZT value is found 1.53 for Ba3AsF3 while 1.23 for Ba3AsCl3 at 700K. From obtained results it is concluded that these materials can be an excellent candidate for thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications.

Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) boost crop yields and reduce environmental pressures through biofilm formation in natural climates. Recently, biofilm-based root colonization by these microorganisms has emerged as a promising strategy for agricultural enhancement. The current work aims to characterize biofilm-forming rhizobacteria for wheat growth and yield enhancement. For this, native rhizobacteria were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere and ten isolates were characterized for plant growth promoting traits and biofilm production under axenic conditions. Among these ten isolates, five were identified as potential biofilm-producing PGPR based on in vitro assays for plant growth-promoting traits. These were further evaluated under controlled and field conditions for their impact on wheat growth and yield attributes. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis further indicated that the biochemical composition of the biofilm produced by the selected bacterial strains includes proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA). Inoculated plants in growth chamber resulted in larger roots, shoots, and increase in fresh biomass than controls. Similarly, significant increases in plant height (13.3, 16.7%), grain yield (29.6, 17.5%), number of tillers (18.7, 34.8%), nitrogen content (58.8, 48.1%), and phosphorus content (63.0, 51.0%) in grains were observed in both pot and field trials, respectively. The two most promising biofilm-producing isolates were identified through 16 s rRNA partial gene sequencing as Brucella sp. (BF10), Lysinibacillus macroides (BF15). Moreover, leaf pigmentation and relative water contents were significantly increased in all treated plants. Taken together, our results revealed that biofilm forming PGPR can boost crop productivity by enhancing growth and physiological responses and thus aid in sustainable agriculture.

Soil erodibility is challenging for agricultural soils, sustainable farming systems and water-food security in developing countries. Regional scale precise estimation of soil erosion is vital to save fertile soils. For this purpose, geospatial technology is the researchers’ top choice. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has the potential plausible estimates of soil erosion in the region. The study area comprises parts from two basins (Peshawar and Nizampur) having distinct land surface characteristics. This difference made the applicability of RUSLE model challenging. The influencing factors were combined using weighted sum in GIS. The study area was categorized into five soil erosion zones: very low (0–0.1 t ha−1 year−1), low (0.1–0.50 t ha−1 year−1), moderate (0.50–0.7 t ha−1 year−1) high (0.7–1 t ha−1 year−1), and very high (>1 t ha−1 year−1). The 1,748 km2 (174800 hectares) study region has an annual soil loss of 0.1 to > 1.0 t ha−1 year−1. The overall accuracy of the estimated soil erosion was found to be 90% with Kappa coefficient of 87.25% and receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.819. This study’s will help to address the climate change-induced challenges of soil erosion in agricultural lands.

Sameh Msaad,1 Nouha Ketata,2 Nesrine Kammoun,3 Rahma Gargouri,1 Rim Khemakhem,1 Sourour Abid,1 Saeb Bader,1 Sabrine Efidha,4 Narjes Abid,5 Jamel El Ghoul,6 Imen Sahnoun,4 Hazem Altalaa,1 Jihen Jdidi,2 Mohamed Jlidi,7 Nadia Keskes Boudaouara,8 Imen Gargouri,9 Najla Bahloul,1 Samy Kammoun1 1Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 3Tunisian Occupational Health and Safety Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 4Department of Pneumology, Abderrahman Mami University Hospital of Ariana, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 5Department of Pneumology, Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital of Nabeul, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 6Department of Pneumology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Medenine, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 7Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Mohamed Taher Maâmouri University Hospital of Nabeul, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis EL Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 8Department of Pneumology, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; 9Department of Pneumology, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, TunisiaCorrespondence: Sameh Msaad, Tel +216 94 977 355, Email pneumo1972@gmail.comBackground: Sleep quality and disturbances have gained heightened scholarly attention due to their well-established association with both mental and physical health. This study aims to assess sleep-wake habits and disturbances in Tunisian adults.Methodology: This cross-sectional study employed an online questionnaire to assess 3074 adults ≥ 18 years. Primary outcomes, including sleep quality, daytime vigilance, mood, and subjective well-being, were measured using validated questionnaires [the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and the World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5)].Results: Less than two-thirds (n= 1941; 63.1%) of participants were females and the mean age was 36.25± 13.56. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 53.8% when defined as a PSQI > 5. The prevalence of insomnia, short sleep duration, long sleep duration, EDS, severe depression, and poor well-being were 14.5%, 34.7%, 12.3%, 32.4%, 7.4%, and 40.2%, respectively. Some factors were associated with an increased likelihood of poor sleep quality, including female gender, chronic hypnotics use, internet use close to bedtime, daily time spent on the internet > 3 hours, smoking, university- level education, nocturnal work, severe depression, impaired well-being status, insomnia, and EDS.Conclusion: The high prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances among Tunisian adults emphasizes the need for an appropriate screening strategy for high-risk groups. Individuals with unhealthy habits and routines were significantly more likely to experience these kinds of disturbances. Consequently, there is a pressing need for educational programs on sleep to foster healthier sleep patterns.Keywords: sleep, wake habits, sleep quality, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, prevalence, risk factors