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The iron silicides formation during epitaxial film grown process on the (100) and (111) silicon surfaces were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD). The iron and silicon atom deposition rate and silicon substrate temperature influence on the formed iron silicide structure and stoichiometric composition were studied in detail. During the growth of iron silicide crystal structure significant diffusion of the substrate atoms into the forming BCC core occurs, this intensifies with the substrate temperature increase, and the ratio of substrate atoms inside the Fe3Si phase reaches nearly 12%. The BCC structure formation is less active on the (100) surface, and at the temperatures as low as 26 °C and 300 °C the iron silicide crystal phase does not form at all. However, with the temperature increase or the deposition rate decrease, the crystal structure formation processes occur more actively in both cases of (100) and (111) surfaces. Thus, the effect of the deposition rate decrease is identical to the temperature growth. It was shown that the formation of the structured B2 phase of iron silicide in buffer layer between the film and the substrate leads to the inhibition of the mutual diffusion of iron and silicon atoms.

No abstract available.

The Fe-on-Ti and Ti-on-Fe interfaces were studied experimentally by Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray reflectometry (XRR) on Ti/Fe/Ti trilayers grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates by vacuum evaporation. The nanoscale structure and composition were explored in cross sections using TEM, the layer structure and the interface widths by specular x-ray reflectometry. MS was applied to identify the interface alloy phases and to determine the pure and alloyed Fe layer fractions. The experimental results were compared with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of layer growth on Fe or Ti underlayers of different orientations. The concentration distributions provided by MD simulations show an asymmetry at the interfaces in the layer growth direction. The transition is atomically sharp at the Ti-on-Fe interface for the (0 0 1) and (1 1 0) crystallographic orientations of the Fe underlayer, while it spreads over a few atomic layers for Fe(1 1 1) underlayer and for all studied Ti underlayer orientations at the Fe-on-Ti interface. MS and XRR data on Ti/Fe/Ti trilayers confirm the asymmetry between the bottom and top Fe interface, but the inferred interface widths considerable exceed those deduced from the MD simulations.

Precise data for quasi-free photoproduction of η-mesons off the deuteron have been measured at the Bonn ELSA accelerator with the combined Crystal Barrel/TAPS detector for incident photon energies up to 2.5GeV. The η-mesons have been detected in coincidence with recoil protons and neutrons. Possible nuclear effects like Fermi motion and re-scattering can be studied via a comparison of the quasi-free reaction off the bound proton to η-production off the free proton. No significant effects beyond the folding of the free cross-section with the momentum distribution of the bound protons have been found. These Fermi motion effects can be removed by an analysis using the invariant mass of the η-nucleon pairs reconstructed from the final-state four-momenta of the particles. The total cross-section for quasi-free η-photoproduction off the neutron reveals even without correction for Fermi motion a pronounced bump-like structure around 1GeV of incident photon energy, which is not observed for the proton. This structure is even narrower in the invariant-mass spectrum of the η-neutron pairs. Position and width of the peak in the invariant-mass spectrum are W ≈ 1665 MeV and FWHM Γ ≈ 25 MeV. The data are compared to the results of different models

Objective: Nonvaricealupper gastrointestinal system bleeding (NVUGIB) is a life-threatening conditionthat can lead to mortality. It isimportant to identify the risk factors in terms of prognosis and mortality inpatients with NVUGIB. In thisstudy, we assessed the relationship between leukocytosis and neutrophil-to-lymphocyteratio and the clinical course in patients with NVUGIB.Materials and Methods:Weincluded 156 patients who were diagnosed with NVUGIB between September 2013 andMarch 2017 in our clinic. Therelationship between demographic data, endoscopic findings, need forerythrocyte suspension, length of hospital stay, need for intensive care, needfor surgical intervention and mortality of the patients with the number ofleukocytes and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was investigated.Results: Of the patients, 104 (66,7%) were male, 52 (33,3%) were female, and mean age was63,8±17,6 years. According to endoscopic findings, the most common cause of thebleeding was peptic ulcer (77,6%). There was no statistically significantcorrelation between leukocyte count and NLR and need for intensive care, needfor surgical intervention and treatment outcome. However, there was astatistically significant relationship between NLR and length of hospital stay(p=0,02)Conclusions: Evaluationof the patients with NVUGIB timely through their findings detected at admissionand their laboratory results would make a positive contribution to treatmentplanning and follow up of the patient. Leukocyte count alone or in combinationwith other clinical and laboratory parameters can be a valuable marker inmeasuring mortality potential of acutely hospitalized patients. In our study,we found a significant relationship between NLR and the average length ofhospital stay, which should be encouraged for further studies investigating itsrelation with the prognosis of the disease., Amaç: Nonvarisealüst gastrointestinal sistem kanamaları (NVUGIB) kanamaları yaşamı tehdit edenve mortalite oluşturan kanamalardır. NVUGIB’li hastalarda prognoz ve mortalite için risk faktörlerini belirlemekönemlidir. Biz bu çalışmada, NVUGIB li hastalarda, lökositoz ve nötrofil-lenfosit oranınınhastalığın klinik seyiri ile ilişkisini değerlendirdik.Gereç-Yöntemler: Kliniğimizde, Eylül 2013 – Mart2017 tarihleri arasındaNVUGIB tanısı konulan 156 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalarındemografik verileri, endoskopik bulguları, eritrosit süspansiyonu ihtiyacı,hastanede yatış süresi, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, cerrahi müdahaleye ihtiyaç, ölümile lökosit sayısı ve nötrofil-lenfosit oranı (NLR) ilişkisi araştırılmıştır.Results: Hastaların103’ü (%66,7) erkek, 52’si (%33,3) kadın, yaş ortalamaları 63,8 ± 17,6saptandı. Endoskopi bulgularına göre kanamanın en sık nedeni peptik ülserdir (%77,6). Hem lökosit sayısı hem de NLR ileyoğun bakım ihtiyacı, cerrahi müdahaleye ihtiyaç ve tedavi sonucu arasında istatistikselolarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Ancak Hastaların NLR’a göre hastanedeyatış süre ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardı(p:0,02)Sonuç: NVUGIB sahip hastaların hastaneyebaşvurusu sırasında saptanan bulguları ve laboratuvar verileri çerçevesindeönceden değerlendirebilmek hastanın takibine, tedavi planlamasına olumlu katkıyapmaktadır. Lökosit tek başına ya da diğer klinik ve laboratuar parametrelerlekombine edilerek, akut olarak hastaneye yatırılan hastalarda mortalitepotansiyelinin ölçülmesinde önemli bir marker olabilir. Çalışmamızda NLR ile hastanedeyatış süre ortalaması ile anlamlı ilişki saptanmış olup, hastalığın prognozuile ilişkisini gösteren daha ileri çalışmalar yapmak için teşvik ediciolmalıdır.

Additive Serienfertigung ist in aller Munde – haufig auch im Zusammenspiel mit dem Begriff Industrie 4.0. Dem Ingenieur von heute sagt man: „Vergiss alles, was du im Studium gelernt hast und konstruiere was du willst“. Doch nicht jede Konstruktion ist fur eine Serienfertigung optimal. Um eine additive Serienfertigung betreiben zu konnen, sind u. a. zwei Voraussetzungen besonders wichtig.

The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps–Apennines–Carpathians–Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth., Surveys in Geophysics, 39 (5), ISSN:0169-3298, ISSN:1573-0956

International audience; We present a new 3-D shear-velocity model for the top 30 km of the crust in the wider Vienna Basin region based on surface waves extracted from ambient-noise cross-correlations. We use continuous seismic records of 63 broad-band stations of the AlpArray project to retrieve interstation Green's functions from ambient-noise cross-correlations in the period range from 5 to 25 s. From these Green's functions, we measure Rayleigh group traveltimes, utilizing all four components of the cross-correlation tensor, which are associated with Rayleigh waves (ZZ, RR, RZ and ZR), to exploit multiple measurements per station pair. A set of selection criteria is applied to ensure that we use high-quality recordings of fundamental Rayleigh modes. We regionalize the interstation group velocities in a 5 km × 5 km grid with an average path density of ∼20 paths per cell. From the resulting group-velocity maps, we extract local 1-D dispersion curves for each cell and invert all cells independently to retrieve the crustal shear-velocity structure of the study area. The resulting model provides a previously unachieved lateral resolution of seismic velocities in the region of ∼15 km. As major features, we image the Vienna Basin and Little Hungarian Plain as low-velocity anomalies, and the Bohemian Massif with high velocities. The edges of these features are marked with prominent velocity contrasts correlated with faults, such as the Alpine Front and Vienna Basin transfer fault system. The observed structures correlate well with surface geology, gravitational anomalies and the few known crystalline basement depths from boreholes. For depths larger than those reached by boreholes, the new model allows new insight into the complex structure of the Vienna Basin and surrounding areas, including deep low-velocity zones, which we image with previously unachieved detail. This model may be used in the future to interpret the deeper structures and tectonic evolution of the wider Vienna Basin region, evaluate natural resources, model wave propagation and improve earthquake locations, among others.

Vitamin D

The adherence of graphene to various crystalline substrates often leads to a periodic out-of-plane modulation of its atomic structure due to the lattice mismatch. While, in principle, convex (protrusion) and concave (depression) superlattice geometries are nearly equivalent, convex superlattices have predominantly been observed for graphene on various metal surfaces. Here we report the STM observation of a graphene superlattice with concave (nanomesh) morphology on Au(111). DFT and molecular dynamics simulations confirm the nanomesh nature of the graphene superlattice on Au(111) and also reveal its potential origin as a surface reconstruction, consisting of the imprinting of the nanomesh morphology into the Au(111) surface. This unusual surface reconstruction can be attributed to the particularly large mobility of the Au atoms on Au(111) surfaces and most probably plays an important role in stabilizing the concave graphene superlattice. We report the simultaneous observation of both convex and concave graphene superlattices on herringbone reconstructed Au(111) excluding the contrast inversion as the origin of the observed concave morphology. The observed graphene nanomesh superlattice can provide an intriguing nanoscale template for self-assembled structures and nanoparticles that cannot be stabilized on other surfaces.

Introduction: Metal elements and their excess intake have significant influence on general health. Aim: There is only little information how Far Eastern herbs resemble European’s regarding their purity and essential metal element content. The aim of the authors was to determine metal elements in different Chinese and European herbs and extracts. Method: The studied European herbs included Calendula officinalis petals, Achillea millefolium, Epilobium parviflorum herba, Urtica dioica leaves, Crataegus monogyna flowers while Far Eastern herbs were Cordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba leaves, Panax ginseng and Curcuma longa roots. The analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Results: There was no considerable difference in essential metal elements and the Ca:Mg concentration ratio between European and Far Eastern drugs and extracts. Conclusions: The extracts are preferential metal element sources and their magnesium content are also advantageous, because of a shift of the Ca:Mg concentration ratio towards magnesium. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(31), 1261–1269.

Numerical calculations in three-dimensional Cartesian geometry have been carried out. The aim of the paper is to investigate systematically the effect of Rayleigh number and temperature- and depth-dependent viscosity on the radius and temperature anomaly of mantle plumes and on surface observable characteristics like topography and geoid anomaly. As reference models depth-dependent models were chosen, then the addition of weak and stronger temperature-dependence was studied. The Rayleigh number changed between $$10^5$$ and $$10^7$$ . If viscosity decreases with temperature the convection becomes more vigorous and thermally weaker plumes rise from the bottom boundary layer. The radius and temperature anomaly of the upwelling decreases with increasing temperature-dependence. Topographic uplift significantly decreases with increasing temperature-dependence. For weak depth-dependent models the geoid decreases together with the topography as Rayleigh number increases. However, strongly depth-depend models show negative geod anomaly above the hot plume. In case of temperature- and depth dependent models the geoid have a maximum in the function of Rayleigh number. This maximum appears at different Rayleigh number depending on the actual factors of temperature- and depth-dependence. The amplitudes of topographic uplift in the case of stronger temperature-dependence and high Rayleigh number are not far from the observed values, but the geoid signal is higher by a factor of about 2.

Justification and aim of the study: Successful athletes tend to approach contest situations with different psychological mind-set than their less successful counterparts. The aim of this repeated-measures design study was to assess whether a successful (national league third rank) and a less successful (11th rank) first division women’s basketball team differ in anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect before six consecutive games in the annual championship. Methods: Two psychometrically validated questionnaires, the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens et al., 1990) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were used to measure pre-competitive anxiety and positive-and negative affect. The scales were completed by first division female basketball players, who were members of either the successful or the less successful team, before six matches; three played at home and three played away from home. Results: Successful players reported lower anxiety before games (effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.2) than less successful players. Both teams displayed more positive affect before the games played at home than before the games played away from home (d = .44). However, ratings of the subjective states varied substantially across the games. Conclusion: The results, interpreted in light of an interactional model (Cerin et al., 2000), show that subjective appraisal of each competition situation yields very specific or unique expectations, which in turn determine the psychological states of the players before the upcoming contest.

In this study, comfort and moisture transmission properties of fine shirting fabrics produced by combining widely used fibre typesof viscose, PES and cotton with acrylic fiber were investigated. For this purpose, 10 different fabrics were woven with viscose warp andcotton, PES, viscose, acrylic, cotton/acrylic, viscose/acrylic, and PES/acrylic weft yarns and with plain and etamine weaves. Thermalresistance, thermal conductivity, thermal absorbtivity, air permeability and moisture transmission properties of fabrics were measuredand the results then evaluated statistically. According to the results obtained, thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, thermalabsorbtivity and air permeability properties of fabrics were not affected by material type and addition of acrylic yarns, but weaving typeshowed a significant effect on these fabric properties. It was also seen that material type and acrylic yarn usage in the fabrics influencedmoisture management properties of fabrics and increased OMMC values., Bu çalışmada, ince gömleklik dokuma kumaşlarda kullanılmayan bir elyaf türü olan akrilik iplikler ile yaygın olarak kullanılanpamuk, viskon ve PES ipliklerin birlikte kullanıldığı gömleklik dokuma kumaşların termal konfor ve nem iletim özellikleriincelenmiştir. Bu amaçla piyasada gömleklik olarak kullanılan viskon çözgü iplikleri ile atkıda, pamuk, viskon, PES, akrilik,pamuk/akrilik, viskon/akrilik ve PES/akrilik iplikler kullanılarak bezayağı ve etamin örgüde on farklı gömleklik dokuma kumaşüretilmiştir. Kumaşların termal direnç, termal iletkenlik, termal absorbsiyon ve hava geçirgenliği özellikleri ile nem iletim yetenekleritest edilmiş ve sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kumaşların termal direnç, termal iletkenlik,termal absorbsiyon ve hava geçirgenliği özellikleri üzerinde kullanılan lif tipinin ve atkıda akrilik ilavesinin etkisi görülmezken, örgütipinin bu özelliklere etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Deneysel kumaşlarda kullanılan lif tipinin ve akrilik iplik kullanımının kumaşlarınnem iletim özelliklerine etki ettiği ve OMMC değerlerini arttırdığı gözlenmiştir.

Background It is important to identify medication errors (MEs) in the healthcare system in order to be able to prevent them. Is there a possibility to combine forces and transfer strategies between countries? Purpose Based on analyses of data in a defined medication error reporting system (MERS), strategies were shaped to reduce MEs. Further investigations looked for similarities in MEs from other countries to develop ways of transferring existing strategies between different healthcare systems. Material and methods MEs were reported in an MERS from November 2014 to July 2016 in 4 (European) countries. The reported data were exported to Microsoft Excel and analysed for type and cause of error reported. The participating countries were compared, finding similarities. Existing strategies preventing MEs developed in one of the countries were discussed to outline possible ways to transfer them. Results During the reporting period, 7107 MEs on every level were reported. The most frequent type of errors were reported in the areas of ‘administration’ and ‘drug formulation’, including preparation before application (7.6%). These were prevalent types of MEs in 3 of the 4 countries. Frequent problems were crushing or dividing of solid oral drug formulations, even modified release-systems. Mostly related drugs were modified release oral systems containing opioids, isosorbidemononitrate or metoprolol, mirtazapine in orally disintegrating tablets and proton pump inhibitors. In one of the countries a former analysis identified numerous reports with crushed or divided proton pump inhibitor tablets as well as crushed or divided modified release opioid drug formulations. Mostly there was ‘lack of knowledge’ as the leading cause of these errors, similar in 2 more countries. Therefore, there was a need to transfer established strategies to these countries. In these countries, a poster was made about the risks arising from crushing and dividing to raise awareness among healthcare professionals and patients. This poster has now been translated into English and can be easily transferred to project partners. Conclusion Results from this analysis has enabled pharmacists to recognise similarities between countries. Based on these, opportunities were identified to transfer strategies between countries. Furthermore, it is essential to look for additional areas to compare and analyse in order to outline ‘best practices’ as transfer strategies between countries. No conflict of interest

Background The use (and misuse) of antibiotics not only influences therapeutic outcomes for the individual patient, but due to emerging resistance, the whole population may also be affected. Advocating a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacists, has the potential to achieve better clinical outcomes and rationalised antibiotic consumption. Purpose To assess the potential benefit of the recent implementation of clinical pharmacy services in an intensive care unit (ICU) by analysing the usage pattern of antibiotics prescribed by a multiprofessional team. Material and methods The study was conducted in a 12 bed ICU from 01 September 2016 to 15 October 2016. Antibiotic medication review was carried out by clinical pharmacists using a worksheet approved by the local drug and therapeutic committee. It contained data about the patient’s identity, admission parameters, length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, prescribed antibiotics, microbial cultures and SOFA scores. Results 42 patients were screened, 18 of whom were older than 65 years. Length of treatment was longer than 7 days in 11 patients. 21 subjects were mechanically ventilated, 12 of whom were on ventilation for 1–4 days, while the others were ventilated for more than 5 days. 6 patients contracted a nosocomial infection which was associated with longer mechanical ventilation. 9 patients died, 14 were transferred to sub-intensive care and 19 were transferred to other departments. 18 received postoperative prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and 1 case was not in line with current guidelines. In 26 cases, empirical antibiotic regimens were issued, while only 8 patients were treated with targeted therapies. 34 subjects received one or two antibiotics, and in 11 cases, a change in the therapeutic regimen was issued due to insufficient therapeutic response. Unfortunately, de-escalation was implemented in only 6 cases, the rate of which might presumably be increased by the recent introduction of a clinical pharmacist to the ICU. The low de-escalation rate was rationalised by a highly cautious attitude of intensive care physicians. Conclusion The attributable medical and population wide costs of antimicrobial therapies are sizable. Results from this assessment might provide an argument for the potential need of a multiprofessional approach when prescribing antimicrobial therapies in the ICU, especially for mechanically ventilated patients. No conflict of interest

Aim To develop an electromyography method for pregnant rat uterus in vivo and to separate myometrial signals from the gastrointestinal tract signals. Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) were anaesthetized and their stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were removed from the abdomen. A pair of thread electrodes was inserted into the uterus, while a pair of disk electrodes was placed subcutaneously above the myometrium. Additionally, a strain gauge sensor was fixed on the surface of the myometrium and cecum for the parallel detection of mechanical contractions in rats (n = 18) with intact gastrointestinal tract. The filtered electric signals were amplified and recorded by an online computer system and analyzed by fast Fourier transformation. The frequency of the electric activity was characterized by cycle per minute (cpm), the magnitude of the activity was described as power spectrum density maximum (PsDmax). Results: The frequency of the pregnant uterine activity was 1-3 cpm, which falls within the same range as that of cecum. Measuring by both electrodes, oxytocin (1 μg/kg) increased and terbutaline (50 μg/kg) decreased the PsDmax by 25%-50% (P < 0.001) and 25%-40% (P < 0.01), respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between the alterations of PsDmax values and the strain gauge sensordetected mechanical contractions (area under curve). The GI specific compounds (neostigmine, atropine) mainly affected the cecal activity, while myometrium specific drugs (oxytocin, terbutaline) influenced the myometrial signals only. Conclusion: Our method proved to be able to detect the myoelectric activity that reflects the mechanical contraction. The overlapping myometrial and cecal signals are not separable, but they can be distinguished based on the much higher activity and different pharmacological reactivity of the pregnant uterus. Thus, the early signs of contractions can be detected and labor may be predicted in a fast and sensitive way.

In the central part of Hungary, an earthquake with the local magnitude of 4.5 occurred near the town of Oroszlany, on 29 January 2011. The main shock and its more than 200 aftershocks were recorded by a significant number of three-component seismic stations, which enabled us to perform multiple event location on the event cluster. We applied the double difference, HypoDD method to relocate the aftershock sequence in order to identify the pattern of active faulting. We used the extended International Seismological Centre location algorithm, iLoc to determine the initial single event locations for the aftershock sequence and applied multiple event location algorithm on the new hypocenters. To improve both location precision and accuracy, we added differential times from waveform cross correlation to the double-difference multiple event location process to increase the accuracy of arrival time readings. We show that both HypoDD collapses the initial, rather diffuse locations into a smaller cluster and the vertical cross-sections show sharp images of seismicity. Some of the relocated events in the cluster are ground truth quality with a location accuracy of 5 km or better. Having achieved accurate locations, we further examined the extent of the seismogenic zone. We investigated the relationship between geothermics and seismicity through strength profiles constructed for the study area. The aftershocks of the Oroszlany earthquake are dominantly in the range of 5–10 km, fitting well to the extent of the thin brittle part of the crust. It shows that the events are well in accordance with a thermally attenuated lithosphere and elevated geothermal gradient in the upper crust and basin sediments. These findings underline the geothermal prospectivity of the Panonian Basin. © 2017, Akademiai Kiado.

ÖZETSüle M. Varis Dışı Üst Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanamalarında Lökosit Sayısı ile KlinikSeyir Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi TıpFakültesi, Dahiliye Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, İç HastalıklarıUzmanlık Tezi, Aydın, 2017.Bu çalışmada Eylül 2013- Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında gastroenteroloji kliniğindeyatırılarak takip edilen 156 varis dışı üst gastrointestinal kanama tanılı hastanın lökosit sayısıbaşta olmak üzere bazı değişkenlerin, hastalığın prognozuna etkisinin değerlendirilmesiamaçlanmıştır.Araştırma retrospektif olarak yapılmış kesitsel tipte bir çalışmadır. Hastalar arasında(n=156), erkekler kadınlara göre iki kat daha fazla sıklıkta yer almıştır. Hastaların bazı kandeğer ortalamaları değerlendirildiğinde kanama ile uyumlu olarak, Hgb (9,8 g/dL) ve Hct(%30,4) değerlerinin normal sınırların altında ve hafif lökositoz (10 545/mm3) olduğugörülmüştür. Kanamalı hastaların bazı tedavi özellikleri incelendiğinde, kişilere tedaviamacıyla en fazla 10; ortalama 2,6 ± 2,2 ünite ES, en fazla 9; ortalama 0,6 ± 1,8 ünite TDPreplasmanı yapılmıştır. Hastaların yarıya yakını yoğun bakımda takip edilmiştir (%43,6). Azsayıda hastaya cerrahi olarak müdahale edilmiş ve az sayıda hasta hayatını kaybetmiştir (%2,6).Kişiler en fazla 19 gün; ortalama 5,23 ± 3,01 gün hastanede yatırılmıştır. Kadınlarda istatistikselolarak anlamlı şekilde daha fazla gastrik ülser görülürken (K:%61,5-E:%34,1), erkeklerdeduodenal ülserler daha sık görülmüştür (K%20,5, E:%57,3, p=0,001). Lökosit sayısının 10000/mm3 ve üzerinde olması ile altında olmasının ES ve TDP replasmanı, hastanede yatışsüresi, yoğun bakımda takip edilme, cerrahi müdahalede bulunma ve tedavi sonucunudeğiştirmediği belirlenmiştir. Nötrofil/lenfosit oranı 1,65'in altında olan kişiler hastanedeortalama 3,3 gün, 1,65 ve üzerinde olan kişiler ise 5,4 gün yatırılarak takip edilmiştir (p=0,02).Lökosit sayısı ile hastalığın prognozunun öngörülebilirliği arasında herhangi bir ilişkisaptanmamıştır. Lökosit sayısı ve diğer değişkenlerin bu hastalığın prognozunu öngörebilirliğiaçısından daha fazla sayıda ve daha geniş kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Nötrofil/lenfositoranı ile hastanede yatış süresi arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır ancak başvuru anındakinörtofil/lenfosit oranı ile üst GİS kanama prognoz ilişkisinin incelendiği daha geniş kapsamlıçalışmalara ihtiyaç vardırAnahtar Kelimeler: Gastroenteroloji, Varis Dışı Üst Gastrointestinal Kanama, LökositSayısı, Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranı Süle M. Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Leukocytes Count and the ClinicalCourse in Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding, Adnan MenderesUniversity Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Thesis of InternalMedicine Specialty, Aydın, 2017In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of some variables, especially theleukocyte count, on the prognosis of the disease in patients with non-variceal gastrointestinalbleeding who were admitted to the gastroenterology clinic between the dates of September 2013and March 2017.The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Among the patients (n=156),males were twice as often as females. When means of some blood values of the patients wereevaluated, Hgb (9.8 g / dL) and Hct (30.4%) values were below normal limits and mildleukocytosis (10 545 / mm3) was found, consistent with the bleeding. When some treatmentfeatures of hemorrhagic patients were examined, a maximum of 10; average 2,6 ± 2,2 unitseritrocyte suspension, and a maximum 9; an average of 0.6 ± 1.8 units fresh frozen plazmareplacement was performed. Approximately half of the patients were followed up in intensivecare unit (43.6%). A small number of patients were intervened surgically and a small numberof patients lost their lives (2,6%). Patients were hospitalized for an average of 5.23 ± 3.01 days,19 days maximum. Duodenal ulcers were more frequent in males (F 20.5%, M: 57.3%, p =0.001) while females had more gastric ulcers (F: 61.5% -M: 34.1%, p = 0.001) and both werestatistically significant. Comparison between leucocyte count below and above 10 000 / mm3showed no statistical difference in of eritrocyte suspension and fresh frozen plazmareplacement, hospitalization, intensive care follow-up, surgical intervention and treatmentoutcome. Patients with a neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio less than 1.65 were followed up at anaverage of 3.3 days in the hospital and those with a 1.65 or more neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratiowere followed up at an average of 5.4 days (p = 0.02).There was no relationship between the leukocyte count and the predictability of thedisease prognosis. Extensive research on the effect of the number of leukocytes and othervariables on the prognosis of the disease is needed. There is a significant relationship betweenthe neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio and the length of hospitalization, but there is a need for a largescale study of the relationship between the rate of neutrophil / lymphocyte at presentation andupper gastrointestinal bleeding prognosis.Keywords: Gastroenterology, Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, LeukocyteCount, Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio 60

In the last twenty years, three phytoplasma diseases were identified in Hungary, viz. European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY) (caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum), pear decline (caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri), and apple proliferation (caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma mali). Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum was isolated from apricot, peach, plum and japanese plum. Cacopsylla pruni the vector of ESFY was also isolated and identified. Infection of Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri was diagnosed from pear and Candidatus Phytoplasma mali was found on apple and pear. The three phytoplasmas cause different damages on their host plants. The most economically important phytoplasma disease is the ESFY. It seriously impairs apricot and japanase plum trees. After infection of apricots and japanese plums show yellowing and defoliation, and within a few years die in apoplexy-like symptoms. The disease on japanese plum is so severe that this fruit practically can not be cultivated in Hungary. Pear decline is the most serious problem especially in intensive pear plantations. The vector Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyrisuga and C. pyricola can be found in almost all pear orchards. Because of the regular presence of psyllids in intensive pear orchards the insecticide control is necessary. Apple proliferation is not an important disease in Hungary. All of our isolations of ’Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ occured in organic orchards and record was not available in Hungary lately.

The reaction γp→KS0Σ+ is studied in the photon energy range from threshold. Linearly polarised photon beams from coherent bremsstrahlung enabled the first measurement of photon beam asymmetries in this reaction up to Eγ=1650MeV. In addition, the recoil hyperon polarisation was determined through the asymmetry in the weak decay Σ+→pπ0 up to Eγ=2250MeV. The data are compared to partial wave analyses, and the possible impact on the interpretation of a recently observed prominent structure in the cross section near the K⁎ thresholds is discussed. Keywords: Meson production, Other strange mesons, Baryon resonances (SCB0), Decays of baryons, Polarisation in interactions and scattering

The aim of this research was to monitor the survival during refrigerated storage of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (A), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 (B), and Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC 742/2130 (T) in cultured dairy foods made from camel and, for comparison, cow milks supplemented with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) honey and fermented by an acidophilus-bifidus-thermophilus (ABT)-type culture. Two liters of dromedary camel milk and 2 L of cow milk were heated to 90 °C and held for 10 min, then cooled to 40 °C. One half of both types of milk was fortified with black locust honey at the rate of 5.0% (wt/vol), whereas the other half was devoid of honey and served as a control. The camel and cow milks with and without honey were subsequently inoculated with ABT-5 culture and were fermented at 37 °C until a pH value of 4.6 was reached. Thereafter, the probiotic fermented milks were cooled to 15 °C in ice water and were each separated into 18 fractions that were transferred in sterile, tightly capped centrifuge tubes. After 24 h of cooling at 8 °C (d 0), the samples were stored at refrigeration temperature (4 °C). Three tubes of all 4 products (i.e., fermented camel and cow milks with and without honey) were taken at each sampling time (i.e., following 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d of storage), and the counts of characteristic microorganisms and those of certain spoilage microbes (yeasts, molds, coliforms, Escherichia coli) were enumerated. The entire experimental program was repeated twice. The results showed that addition of black locust honey at 5% to heat-treated camel and cow milks did not influence the growth and survival of starter streptococci during production and subsequent refrigerated storage of fermented ABT milks. In contrast, honey improved retention of viability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 in the camel milk-based product during storage at 4 °C up to 5 wk. No spoilage organisms were detected in any of the samples tested in this study. In conclusion, supplementation of cultured dairy foods, especially those made from camel milk, with honey is recommended because honey is a healthy natural sweetener with a variety of beneficial microbiological, nutritional, and sensory properties.

The objective of this study was to monitor the viability during storage of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (A), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 (B), and Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC 742/2130 (T) in probiotic cultured dairy foods made from pasteurized camel, cow, goat, and sheep milks fermented by an ABT-type culture. The products manufactured were stored at 4°C for 42d. Microbiological analyses were performed at weekly intervals. Streptococcus thermophilus CHCC 742/2130 was the most numerous culture component in all 4 products both at the beginning and at the end of storage. The viable counts of streptococci showed no significant decline in fermented camel milk throughout the entire storage period. The initial numbers of Lb. acidophilus LA-5 were over 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of Strep. thermophilus CHCC 742/2130. With the progress of time, a slow and constant decrease was observed in lactobacilli counts; however, the final viability percentages of this organism did not differ significantly in the probiotic fermented milks tested. The cultured dairy foods made from cow, sheep, and goat milks had comparable B. animalis ssp. lactis BB-12 counts on d 0, exceeding by approximately 0.5 log10 cycle those in the camel milk-based product. No significant losses occurred in viability of bifidobacteria in fermented camel, cow, and sheep milks during 6wk of refrigerated storage. In conclusion, all 4 varieties of milk proved to be suitable raw materials for the manufacture of ABT-type fermented dairy products that were microbiologically safe and beneficial for human consumption. It was suggested that milk from small ruminants be increasingly used to produce probiotic fermented dairy foods. The development of camel milk-based probiotic cultured milks appears to be even more promising because new markets could thus be conquered. It must be emphasized, however, that further microbiological and sensory studies, technology development activities, and market research are needed before such food products can be successfully commercialized.

In the most seismically active region of Hungary, an earthquake of M L 4.5 occurred near the town of Oroszlany on 29 January 2011. The mainshock was followed by more than 200 aftershocks. This event is the first earthquake in the country above M L 4 that was recorded on a significant number of three‐component digital seismic stations. According to the inversion of arrival times, the hypocenter of the mainshock was at a depth of about 5 km near Oroszlany with horizontal errors of about 1.5 km. The aftershocks were confined to a small region next to the mainshock. For the main event, we obtained an average moment magnitude of M w 4.2, P ‐ and S ‐wave source radii of r P =970 and r S =972 m, and static stress drops of Δ σ P =6.67×10 5 and Δ σ S =17.60×10 5 Pa from the analysis of P ‐ and S ‐wave displacement spectra, respectively. The retrieved spectral source parameters for the investigated events agree well with the results of earlier research. We have also shown that our local waveform‐inversion method applied in this study is suitable to estimate the earthquake source mechanism for low‐magnitude events using local waveforms exclusively. The moment tensor computed for the mainshock from local waveform data shows a strike‐slip mechanism with a north–south‐striking and an east–west‐striking nodal plane, agreeing well with regional moment tensor solutions of other agencies. The source mechanisms of four aftershocks with M L ≥2 were also successfully estimated. Three of them had strike‐slip mechanism very similar to that of the mainshock, whereas the fourth one was a thrust faulting event with some strike‐slip component. The subhorizontal P axis struck about northeast–southwest for both the mainshock and all the analyzed aftershocks, coinciding with the general trend of the compressional stress field in the epicentral region.