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The ablution area is compulsory for each mosque, and it is essential for Muslims to perform ablution ritual. Supposedly, the well-design of ablution station is one of the crucial aspects to be considered in prayer facility infrastructure, but certain mosques provide poor ablution. The objectives of the study were to investigate if there is a mismatch between the design of the existing ablution station with Malaysian anthropometry measurement, to identify the user’s satisfaction on existing ablution design through survey and to propose the improvement of the existing ablution station based on suitable anthropometry dimension and ergonomic aspects. The quantitative appraoch study was adopted. The ablution stations’ existing design are observed and measured to compare with the related anthropometric data. Experinced users satisfaction towards the ablution station is also invstigated. As the result, Design 2 either male or female ablution unit, had ergonomics characteristics and acceptable measurement dimensions compared to Design 1. Henceforth, it becomes preferable design among a Higher Learning Institution users compare to Design 1. In conclusion, an ablution station that has ergonomic characteristics and acceptable measurements based on anthropometric dimensions will result in high satisfaction among users.

The novel Coronavirus (Covid‐19) crisis has dealt a severe blow to the global manufacturing industry. Simultaneously, it has paved the way for organizational learning and revision of its plans. It is, therefore, important to investigate organizational learning based on individual learning, as organizations only learn through individual learners. Based on the theories of action and dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation (KC), this study proposes a serial mediation model where KC underlying mechanisms through organizational learning culture (OLC) such as acquisition of information (AOI), interpretation of information (IOI), behavioral and cognitive changes (BCC) have facilitated organizational performance (OP) during Covid‐19. Data have been collected from 610 randomly selected employees in the manufacturing firms of Pakistan. To test the study hypotheses, we used SPSS macro PROCESS (Model‐6 with three mediators). The study results suggest the serial mediation effect of IOI, BCC, and KC on the AOI–OP relationships under single‐, double‐, and triple‐loop learning viewpoints.

The quality of honey are naturally differs depending on its geographical origin and the botanical source of honeydew collected by the bees. These characteristics influence the physical appearance of honey such as its colour lightness and liquid thickness; which then may influence the honey attractiveness to the consumers. The thickness of honey is correlate with its moisture content. The higher the moisture content of honey, the higher the risk of fermentation, thus honey is commonly process before marketed. However, the processing methods may change the nutritional content, original taste and physical characteristics of the honey. This paper reviews the effect of five types of processing methods on the quality of honey; which are the spray-drying process, thermal treatment technique, thermosonication technique, high-pressure processing technique and microwave processing method. Overall, it can be concluded that all processing methods reviewed in this article altered the nutritional quality and physicochemical characteristics of honey. However, the different processing methods may alter the quality of honey differently. This information is very important for consumer to understand the reasons on the variability of honey quality in the market. It also will help the honey industry players to choose the best method in processing their honey and ensuring the best quality of honey can be produce to fulfil the consumers need and satisfaction.

Honey produced by the stingless bee were use since ancient times in almost every continent as food or for medicinal purposes. The usage of stingless bee honey proceeds from its composition and functional properties. Stingless bee honey has been reported to have many medicinal properties such as antiseptic, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Since early 20th century, various studies on the composition and functional properties of honey have been conducted worldwide and findings were tremendous. Stingless bee honey reported to have hundreds of bioactive compound. However, the composition and functional properties of stingless bee honey is differs depending on the source of honey; either influenced by the location of hive or by the species of stingless bee itself. This review provides the information on the composition and functional properties of stingless bee honey reported worldwide. The information gathered is very important to understand and to explain about the variability of nutritional composition in honey and how it might influence the value of stingless bee honeys as medicinal food.

Autonomous Vehicle (AV), also known as self-driving or driverless vehicles, is a technology that intends to replace driving tasks traditionally performed by human drivers. This study aims to gain a better understanding of opinions, concerns, and general acceptance by Malaysian drivers regarding autonomous and self-driving vehicles. The survey questionnaires were adopted from Schoettle & Sivak (2014b) on the topic of public acceptance of driverless vehicles and what would the respondents do when they are not driving. The survey was conducted among the general public in Malaysia inclusive of 19 questions to address topics on public awareness and understanding about AV, benefits of AV, concerns on AV, attitudes toward owning or sharing AV, willingness to pay for AV and their use of free time while riding AV. A total of 520 respondents involved in this survey, however the analysis only considered the respondents who have heard of AV, which amounted to 361 via face to face interview and online survey form. Based on the survey,63.7% were male and 36.3% female. Only 15.2% of the respondents said that they would not ride in a completely self-driving vehicles. AV is also expected to provide a wide range of benefits that attracted most of the respondents. The majority of the respondents expect lower vehicle emission and better fuel economy. Most respondents were also concerned with issues related to AV especially on safety consequences of equipment failure. The survey also shows that most Malaysians are not willing to invest in owning a driverless vehicle. Future studies should continuously consider people’s perception from different perspectives, by taking into account various user viewpoints and characteristics.

A total of 24 strains of Vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from cockles (Anadara granosa) and identified for VibA and gyrB genes. All V. alginolyticus isolates were then tested against nine different antibiotics. In this study, the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance was obtained against penicillin (37.50%), followed by ampicillin, vancomycin (12.50%) and erythromycin (8.33%). All of V. alginolyticus isolates were susceptible against streptomycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has confirmed the presence of four antibiotic resistance genes of penicillin (pbp2a), ampicillin (blaOXA), erythromycin (ermB) and vancomycin (vanB). Out of 24 V. alginolyticus isolates, 2 isolates possessed the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) (strains VA15 and VA16) and none for the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. Both strains of the tdh-related hemolysin (trh) were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging between 0.2 and 0.3 with 5 antibiograms (A1–A5) was observed. Combination of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and antibiotic resistance indicated 18 genome types which showed genetic heterogeneity of those V. alginolyticus isolates. The results demonstrated the presence of V. alginolyticus strain found in cockles can be a potential risk to consumers and can contribute to the deterioration of human health in the study area. Thus, it is essential for local authority to provide the preventive measures in ensuring the cockles are safe for consumption.

This study primarily intends to determine visitors’ perception of leptospirosis health hazard warning signage and its effectiveness within natural recreational parks in the district of Hulu Langat. This cross-sectional study was conducted in four out of seven natural recreational parks, installed with leptospirosis health hazard warning signage. A total of 209 respondents were recruited purposively in this study and completed the questionnaires. Majority of the respondents were male (57.4%), 40 years old and below (89.5%), received tertiary education (68.5%), staying outside Hulu Langat district (83.2%), visited for the first time (63.6%), and noticed the presence of leptospirosis health hazard warning signage at the park entrance (69.4%) and within the recreational park (64.2%). A significant relationship was discovered between respondents’ education level and perception of the health hazard warning signage (p-value 0.034). The rate of visits and noticeability of the health hazard warning signage were significantly associated with the effectiveness of the content on the health hazard warning signage (p-value 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). The construction of health hazard warning signage at the recreational areas should suit the social and educational background of the population. Visitors’ discernment of the effectiveness of erecting leptospirosis health hazard warning signage within natural recreational parks in the district of Hulu Langat is good if the signage is perceptible even with subsequent repeated visits to the parks.

The motivation of this paper is to examine empirically the effect of social media marketing on value equity, relationship equity and brand equity on fashion apparel brand among Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) students who have high attributes of internet savvy’s and take delight in undertaking social media marketing. This study is backed by the use and gratification theory that creates desire for amusement and enhancement of information while people use social media marketing. Data was collected by means of Google Form online survey from a total of 361 respondents. The simple random sampling approach was utilized to collect data from the respondents and data analyzed using the SPSS. The findings indicated that social media marketing activities, which are entertainment, interaction, trendiness, and customization had a positive effect on customers’ equity among students. The results confirm that social media marketing is one of the key success factors in enhancing customer equity. Further, the results showed that interaction is the first concern among the respondents. In other words, the communication between the apparel fashion brands industry with customers is important and helps to create relationships so that customers can get more information about them.

Life quality depends on the balance of work and life. Among the determinants in life quality is religious freedom in the workplace, which contributes to physical and mental health, leading to employee stability. This paper aims to explore religious freedom at workplace patterns supported by two research objectives; to determine religious freedom issue and to identify patterns involved. The paper that adopted PRISMA approach and thematic content analysis concluded many unattended religious issues based on 49 articles. Contributions such as human resources management, while limitation on timeframe to allow for the lengthy timeframe in future. Keywords: religious at workplace, quality of life, work-life balance eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2692

The red palm weevil (RPW) is a notorious phytophagous pest infesting various palm species around the world. In Malaysia, the RPW was known to cause damage on coconuts in the East Coast regions of the Peninsula and posed risks to oil palms. Thus, early detection and monitoring studies of RPW in both coconuts and oil palms by using acoustic sensors were carried out at Dungun, Terengganu and Tanah Merah, Kelantan. The smart sensor identified the presence of RPW within the coconuts and oil palms. Continuous monitoring of RPW using acoustic sensors is needed to avoid the risk of spreading of this cryptic borer, especially in oil palm plantations.

Purpose: This paper examines the validity and reliability of an instrument to evaluate employee competency in the context of succession planning using a sample of administrators within the 48 to 54 grades in Malaysian public universities. Theoretical framework: Shaping the qualities and competencies of university administrators can serve as a model of competent leadership for the sustainability of succession planning for higher education institutions. Design/methodology/approach: Systematic random sampling was used for data collection using questionnaires, including pilot studies and subsequent field studies. The survey was administered to 430 respondents from the administrators of 20 public universities. The study conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using the pilot study data (n = 102) to identify potential factor structures. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using field study data (n = 328) was conducted to confirm the construct measurement model. Findings: The EFA and CFA validation processes suggested that only 10 modified items with 4 components remained to achieve a better fit model: Interpersonal (IP), Personal Effectiveness (PE), Teamwork (TW), and Self-Development (SD). All composite reliability (CR) measures for these 4 components exceeded the required value of 0.6. Since the values of these indices fall within the range of their respective cutoff values, the model meets the goodness-of-fit criterion: RMSEA = 0.070,GFI=0.955, CFI = 0.953, TLI = 0.926, and a normalized chi-square = 2.605. According to the study, the instrument is valid and reliable for assessing the components of the employee competency model. Research, Practical & Social implications: The scale validated in this study could be used by human resource managers in public universities as a tool to better understand the belief systems of their employees. It could help them make an informed decision that will enable them to provide competent administrators for succession planning. Originality/value: This study is a catalyst to assess and highlight the current status and impact of employee competency on succession planning in Malaysian higher education institutions.

Cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, Ethereum and many others are closely affiliated with the financial technology (fintech) industry. These digital or virtual currencies are encrypted using cryptography and distributed on public ledger (blockchain) across decentralised peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Since cryptocurrencies are issued by private entities and technically beyond the controls of any states, they may be exploited by criminals for illicit purposes such as money laundering, terrorism financing and many others. Thus, this article will examine whether cryptocurrency amounts to a new form of money under the existing rules on financial services and analyse how it should be regulated. This study is a qualitative research that adopts pure legal research methodology by analysing existing laws on national currency and digital currency. Further, the study analysed other secondary sources including academic books, journal articles, conference papers, and other materials in newspapers or reputable websites. The output of the research is expected to provide an overview on the regulatory framework for cryptocurrency in Malaysia. In conclusion, the government has favoured a minimalist approach so as not to stiffen the innovation and future development of cryptocurrency in the country.

Rice milling generates a lot of rice by-products and they are commonly used as an animal feed ingredient. However, they have high cosmeceutical values, attributed to their high content of bioactive compounds. In the present study, rice by-products (broken rice and rice bran) were subjected to solid state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus oryzae at 30° C for 12 days and their cosmeceutical potentials were then evaluated. Different extraction conditions such as the type of solvent (water, 50% ethanol) and extraction temperature (30°C, 40°C) were also optimized using a one-factor-one-time approach. Through tyrosinase inhibition assay, it was observed that SSF has improved the anti-pigmentation effect of broken rice and rice bran 7.4-fold and 11.2-fold in comparison to their unfermented substrate, respectively. SSF has also improved the anti-ageing effect of broken rice and offered 6.6-fold of improvement in fermented rice bran. In extraction optimization studies, a stronger anti-ageing effect was observed in the water extract of both fermented substrates extracted at 40°C while the anti-pigmentation effect is stronger on 50% ethanol extract in fermented rice bran. Most phenolic acids that are commonly related to cosmeceutical purposes were detected in the extracts of both fermented substrates while most of the organic acids were detected in the water extract. Our study suggests that SSF using A. oryzae could improve the cosmeceutical activities of rice byproducts, and both water and 50% ethanol extracts have high potential to be developed as cosmeceutical bio-ingredients.

Solid state fermentation (SSF) utilizing filamentous fungus Amylomyces rouxii was investigated as a bio-processing strategy to enhance the bioactive properties of broken rice. Fermentation was carried out for 18 days and samples were withdrawn at 2-days interval. Established methods were deployed to assess the changes in bioactive properties and compounds content in fermented broken rice. The bioactive properties studied were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Additionally, tyrosinase inhibition activity, which represents anti-pigmentation/browning property, was evaluated. Free phenolic acids and organic acids content were determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fermentation significantly increased the total phenolic content of broken rice from 0.03 mg GAE/g sample to 3.94 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content from 0.04 to 1.71 mg QE/g sample. By the end of the fermentation, DPPH-radical scavenging of fermented broken rice was enhanced to 94.22%, compared to 9.03% in the unfermented sample. It was also observed that FRAP and tyrosinase inhibition activity of fermented broken rice were improved up to 39- fold and 50-fold, respectively. Kojic acid, a potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor, was detected in fermented broken rice, along with oxalic and ascorbic acid. Gallic, protocatechuic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were enhanced upon fermentation. This study manifested the positive effect of broken rice after fermentation with A. rouxii and thus revealed the potential of fermented broken rice as a promising natural bio-ingredients in food, cosmetics and medicinal products.

Penelitian tentang akhlak telah banyak dilakukan, namun internalisasi nilai Islam dalam pengembangannya masih belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplor upaya guru madrasah menginternalisasi nilai-nilai Islam dalam mengembangkan akhlak aktual siswa. Menggunakan penelitian studi kasus, dan wawancara mendalam pada 12 guru madrasah tsanawiyah, serta menganalisisnya dengan analisis kualitatif. Penelitian menghasilkan; Shalat dhuha dan fardhu berjamaah untuk mengelola jiwa syahwiya mengembangkan ’iffah, jud, syakha’, qana’ah, amanah, zuhud, rahmah, hilm, dan al-afwu; Shiyam sunnah dan tahfiz al-Qur’an untuk mengekang jiwa hammiya mengembangkan syaja’ah, ‘adalah, ihsan, insyaf, rahmah, dan hilm; Muhadharah dan internalisasi Islam dalam pembelajaran, mendidik jiwa mufakkara, mengembangkan hikmah dan fathanah. Simpulannya, shalat dhuha, shalat fardhu berjamaah, shiyam sunnah, tahfiz al-Qur’an, muhadharah, dan internalisasi Islam dalam pembelajaran, mengembangkan ’iffah, jud, syakha’, qana’ah, amanah, zuhud, rahmah, hilm, al-afwu, syaja’ah, ’adalah, ihsan, insyaf, mujahadah, sabr, hikmah, fathanah, dan insyaf. Hasil penelitian ini berimplikasi pada teori upaya guru dalam internalisasi pengembangan akhlak di madrasah.

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) Module - Creative Guidance is designed to prevent irrational thoughts, lower aggressive behavior, and increase self-esteem. This module contains seven sub-modules based on behavioral approaches based on the theory of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) by Albert Ellis (1955) and integrated with creative Guidance. It combines elements of Music, technology, and play. To measure the validity of the content, the certification method by five experts was used while 40 primary school students aged 11 years were selected to follow the guidance program using this module. It is run for two weeks in a row. The findings of the study show that the REBT-Creative Guidance Module has a content validity index value of 80%., The cost of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of Creative REBT-Guidance Module is high at .978. Reliability with an amount.930 In conclusion, new contributions to guidance and counseling teachers in Malaysia. It is also suitable for use in a local context focused on primary school students. Counselors can also use this module, Teachers or facilitators as one of the alternative interventions for primary school students throughout Malaysia, especially on the Development and Development of Student Personality, Improving Student Discipline, Improving Student Careers and Psychosocial and Mental Well-Being.

This study was conducted to measure the content validity and reliability of, Buss and Perry Aggressive Questionnaire (BPAQ). BPAQ questionnaire was translated into Bahasa Melayu in the past and has validity. For the validity of the content three experts in the field of counseling were appointed to assess the validity of the content to be used for the primary school sample. The findings show that experts have made suggestions for improvement in terms of content. 60 primary school students were sampled to measure the reliability of BPAQ instruments. The findings also show that the reliability coefficient obtained is .93 Based on the results of the study, the BPAQ measuring instrument has the potential to be used in measuring students' aggressive behavior.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis using different proteases (Alcalase® and papain) and hydrolysis period on antioxidative activities and amino acid profiles of hydrolysed chia peptides. The experiment has been carried out using a completely randomized block design. The protein from defatted chia flour (DCF) was first isolated using different extraction pH (pH 10; 11; 12) and precipitation pH (pH 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5) to determine the highest protein isolated (CI) yield. The chia isolate (CI) extracted using the combination treatment (pH 12, 3.5) demonstrated the highest protein content of 17.22% and was selected to further hydrolysed using Alcalase® and papain enzyme at different hydrolysis time. The degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein solubility and peptide content of the chia protein hydrolysates (CH) were observed. Alcalase®-CH and Papain-CH demonstrated the highest DH at 60 mins of hydrolysis with the value of 47.09% and 44.29%, respectively. The protein solubility and peptide content were directly proportional to the DH. The Alcalase®-CH hydrolysed at 60 mins exhibited the highest antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays with values of 35.46µM AAE, 34.45µM TE and 23.11 µM FeSO4.7H2O E, respectively. The Alcalase®- CH demonstrated higher (p

A series of new 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5a-j and 6a-j) have been designed and synthesized in four-steps. sixteen compounds among the twenty compounds are reported for the first time. The compounds were characterized and confirmed by the FTIR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HRMS analyses, and were tested against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Compound 5d was the most active against M. Smegmatis with MIC value of 25 µM, and exhibited cidal activity with MBC of 68 µM, respectively. The time-kill assay showed the good killing rate at 77% with the combination of isoniazid (INH). In addition, checkboard assay confirmed the interaction of compound 5d was categorised as additive. Docking simulation has been performed to position 5d into the pantothenate synthetase active site with binding free energy value –8.6 kcal mol-1. It also occupied the same active site as that of standard native ligand with similar interactions, which clearly indicate their potential as pantothenate synthetase inhibitor.

Two series of new 3,5-disubstituted-pyrazole-1-carbothioamides (4a-f and 5a-e) were designed and synthesized through condensation reaction between chalcones and thiosemicarbazides under alkaline condition via cyclocondensation reaction. The structures have been elucidated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. These compounds were assayed for in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra using the Tetrazolium microplate assay (TEMA) method. As a result, six compounds (i.e., 4a, 4d, 4f, 5a, 5c, and 5d) showed a weak activity with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) between 650–530 μM, and other compounds showed no inhibition against MTB. In addition, all tested compounds also did not show any cidal effects for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), even at the highest test concentration.

Background: We reviewed studies on the prevalence of Chlamydia infection as a risk factor for developing cervical cancer in a meta-analysis studies published in that subject area. Methods: Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were systematically searched for articles (observational and randomized controlled trials) published from 2008-2018. A meta-analysis of studies was performed to analyse the association between chlamydia infection and cervical cancer. Results: Five articles were included in the final analysis (N=5271). All five articles were case-control studies, of which three studies sampled from population-based registries. All studies involved with sexually active women with minimum 15 years old. Three studies reported the association of C. trachomatis infection cervical cancers, two other studies reported C. trachomatis-HPV co-infection in association with cervical cancer. Result showed C. trachomatis has an overall prevalence of 31.9%, pooled OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.67, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.54 among cervical cancer. There was a mild publication bias detected at 3.0 effect estimation. Heterogeneity detected from clinical and methodological diversities particularly from C. trachomatis-HPV co-infection subgroup analysis, including sampling bias, geographical strain diversity, and different outcome endpoint measured. Conclusion: C. trachomatis infection was significantly associated with the development of cervical cancer. Co-infection of C. trachomatis-HPV with cervical cancer is plausibly sound but temporality of C. trachomatis-HPV with the development of cervical cancer need to be proven in future prospective cohort studies.

The high cost associated with operation has promoted the progress of wave energy conversion and has higher power output and larger size. However, many countries are bordered by the sea, and the possible area for using wave energy is very small which can generate peak power generation systems with a power output of less than 100 W. The purpose of this article is to introduce the refined parameters of new design of the permanent magnet shape of with tubular longitudinal direct-drive generator. Three designs proposed, which different shapes of permanent magnets with same topology. The parameter optimization process was analysed using finite element analysis to determine the best main parameters of the design, namely the length of the stator length to translation ratio (𝐿𝑠/𝐿𝑟), pitch ratio (𝜏𝑚𝑟/𝜏𝑝.), and split ratio (𝑅𝑚/𝑅𝑒). To evaluate design performance, electrical losses from the proposed design were also evaluated. The optimization results show these designs generator can produce 100 W of peak level output power with higher efficiency at rated current and optimal load.