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James Arthur Nicholson—or “Jimbob,” as he liked to be called—was originally from Stockton on Tees. After qualifying he moved to Mersey Deanery to complete his surgical training and made Liverpool his home. He completed a research fellowship and dedicated his short but exceptional research career to pancreatic cancer. In 2017 he successfully defended his PhD thesis on …

This meeting provides information on opportunities for new researchers in geriatric psychiatry and how to get started, obtain research training and support, and persist in the research field.

Born in Dunedin, New Zealand, Joan (Jan) Mary Anderson was an internationally acclaimed plant biologist renowned for her discoveries on the organization of the intricate membrane structures that carry out solar energy conversion in cells of green plants. In a research career spanning some 55 years, mostly at the Division of Plant Industry CSIRO Canberra (1961–1997) and later in the former Research School of Biological Sciences at the ANU, Jan's experiments and insights changed the way we think about the light reactions of photosynthesis.

2013). He has been invited to give a good number of named lectures across Europe, in the USA, and in India. And he has won his share of scientific prizes. These include the Karl Ritter von Frisch Medal from Germany (1994), the Marcel Benoist Prize from Switzerland (2002), and the King Faisal International Prize for Science from Saudi Arabia (2008). Among his many students over the years, 12 have attained full professorship, while one heads research at Novartis Pharmaceuticals, and one directs the Hansekolleg (Institute of Advanced Study in northern Germany). Rudiger Wehner has of course contributed much to the study of insect orientation and navigation. Our understanding of the polarisation compass, other compasses, path integration, the concept of matched filter (Wehner 1987), the use of landmarks by insects, and searching behaviour in ants have all benefitted from his contributions. We again need not give any more details here, as the first paper in this issue, by Cheng and Freas (2015), discuss this scientific legacy. Next comes another review on a topic that Rudiger Wehner has studied a lot: path integration. Mandyam Srinivasan, who has collaborated with Wehner on seminal work on the topic (Wehner and Srinivasan 1981, 2003), reviews path integration in bees and ants (Srinivasan 2015), two groups of animals that Wehner has studied. The directional component of path integration (a compass), the distance component (odometry), as well the integration component (putting direction and distance together to come up with a vector) are all discussed. In another review, on honeybees and their use of landmark information, Randolf Menzel and Uwe Greggers present what they suggest is cognitive mapping in bees (Menzel and Greggers 2015). The process is taken to work on travels over longer distances, other orienting mechanisms such as view matching playing a role closer to the goal. This special issue on Insect orientation and navigation honours the life and work of Rudiger Wehner, a frequent contributor to this journal and a champion of organismal biology. The occasion prompting this initiative was his 75th birthday, celebrated with his wife Sibylle Wehner in Sydney, Australia, in February while he was visiting one of us (KC) to collaborate on writing a paper and planning research on a new grant. A one-day symposium on Ecology, sensory processes, and cognition was also held in his honour at Macquarie University during that visit. Rudiger Wehner obtained his Ph.D. in 1967 under the supervision of Martin Lindauer at the University of Frankfurt, where one of his fellow students was Randolf Menzel. He became an assistant at the University of Zurich in 1967, before becoming Assistant Professor in 1970, and Full Professor in 1974. He has remained in Zurich ever since, with a long stint of dedicated service as the Head of the Zoologisches Institut (Department of Zoology). After becoming Professor Emeritus, he obtained a von Humboldt Award to collaborate with Wolfgang Rossler at the University of Wurzburg, a post that he has half-jokingly characterised as a post-professorial fellowship. To date, the collaboration is continuing on a series of research grants. He has had many collaborators over the years, including both of us guest editors, who owe chunks of our research career to our collaborations with him. We need not give details of his professional career, as Rudiger Wehner himself has done that recently (Wehner

Peter Gray was an internationally recognized research leader in the areas of combustion chemistry and chemical instabilities. His undergraduate education and early research career were in Cambridge. He moved to the University of Leeds in 1955, becoming Head of Physical Chemistry there in 1965. In 1988 he returned to Cambridge as Master of Gonville and Caius College. Peter’s scientific contributions covered experimental and theoretical studies of chemical and thermal instabilities in combustion systems and in isothermal systems exhibiting autocatalysis, and of flames and chemical waves. His work provided the framework for understanding the thermokinetic origin of cool flames and multiple-stage ignitions and for the onset of ignition and oscillations in chemical systems more generally. He served on a series of important government committees and held major office for the Faraday Society and the Combustion Institute. He published more than 300 research articles and one monograph and was awarded a series of major prizes, including the Marlow Medal, the Bernard Lewis Gold Medal and the Italgas Prize.

George Mackaness was an Australian immunologist, educated in Sydney, London and Oxford, who spent his professional career working in Australia and the USA. He is prominently recognized for his work elucidating the life history of the macrophage, the cell in animals so important in combating infection. Mackaness is credited with coining the term ‘activated macrophage’ to denote the enhanced abilities of a macrophage subset that he defined as particularly significant in controlling intracellular infections, of which tuberculosis (TB) is perhaps the most important. In collaboration with students and colleagues over many years, Mackaness built a body of work that better characterized the cellular immune response as complementary to the previously known humoral, or antibody, response and contributed to an understanding of the intercellular communications necessary in initiating and maintaining an effective immune response. In the end, he brought broad attention to the process by which blood monocytes gain increased destructive attributes as a necessary part of the immune response to intracellular infectious agents. Mackaness began his research career during the dawn of antibiotics and contributed importantly to the development of several novel antibiotics for the treatment of TB, among them isoniazid, which is still used to great effect. Less appreciated were his mid-career contributions to heart disease and his later role in bringing the first new class of therapeutics to clinical practice that changed and greatly improved the prevention and treatment of hypertension, stroke, kidney disease, heart attack and congestive heart failure.

Training translational scientists is a priority of the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) consortium. Objectives: 1) Describe the landscape of CTSA Mentored Research Career Development Awards (CDA) and 2) Evaluate participation and outcomes of child health investigators in these programs. Design: Survey of the CTSA Child Health Oversight Committee (CC-CHOC) and review of non-responders’ CTSA web sites. Results: Thirty-two of 53 CC-CHOC members (60%) responded and all non-responder websites were reviewed. Institutions supported 1166 CDA positions from 2006–2011, with 134 awarded to child health investigators (11.5%). Respondents reported a mean of 29.8 KL2 positions (95% CI 17.5–42.2) during their award period, with a mean of 2.8 (95% CI 1.8–3.8) awarded to child health investigators. The proportion of child health awardees varied from 0% to 50% across institutions. We identified 45 subsequent NIH awards to the 134 child health investigators (34%). Conclusions: The CTSA program contributes substantially to training the next generation of translational investigators. One-third of child health investigators obtained subsequent NIH awards in the short follow-up period demonstrating success of the CTSA CDA programs. Child health investigators are represented variably across the consortium. Pediatric institutions can partner with the CTSA program to further support training child health investigators.

Liz Patton is a Senior Lecturer at the MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, where she leads a research group whose goal is to understand melanocyte and melanoma development. Early on in her research career, Liz investigated cell cycle regulation in yeast and the implications for cancer, but now primarily exploits the zebrafish model to identify new pathways and therapeutic compounds relevant to melanoma. In this interview, Liz recalls some of her most exciting breakthroughs to date, discusses the advantages of zebrafish as a disease model and provides her perspectives on the current challenges in cancer research.

Isabel Clifton Cookson (1893–1973) of Melbourne, Australia, was one of that country’s first professional woman scientists. She is remembered as one of the most eminent palaeontologists of the twentieth century and had a distinguished research career of 58 years, authoring or co-authoring 93 scientific publications. Isabel worked with great distinction on modern and fossil plants, and pioneered palynology in Australia. She was a consumate taxonomist and described, or jointly described, a prodigious total of 110 genera, 557 species and 32 subspecific taxa of palynomorphs and plants. Cookson was a trained biologist and initially worked as a botanist during the 1920s. At the same time she became interested in fossil plants and then, Mesozoic–Cenozoic terrestrial (1940s–1950s) and aquatic (1950s–1970s) palynomorphs. Cookson’s research into the late Silurian–Early Devonian plants of Australia and Europe, particularly the Baragwanathia flora, between the 1920s and the 1940s was highly influential in the field of early plant evolution. The fossil plant genus Cooksonia was named for Isabel in 1937 by her principal mentor in palaeobotany, Professor William H. Lang. From the 1940s Cookson focussed on Cenozoic floras and, with her students, elucidated floral affinities by comparative analyses of micromorphology, anatomy and in situ pollen/spores between fossil and extant taxa. This led to an interest in pre-Quaternary and Quaternary terrestrial pollen and spores; hence Isabel was the first palynologist in Australia. Her work on Paleogene and Neogene pollen and spores during the 1940s and 1950s provided incontrovertible evidence of the former widespread distribution of many important elements of Southern Hemisphere floras. During the early 1950s, while approaching her 60th year, Isabel turned her attention to marine palynomorphs. She worked with great distinction with Georges Deflandre and Alfred Eisenack, and also as a sole author, on acritarchs, dinoflagellate cysts and prasinophytes from the Jurassic to Quaternary of Australia and Papua New Guinea. She also co-authored papers on aquatic palynomorphs with Lucy M. Cranwell, Norman F. Hughes and Svein B. Manum. Isabel Cookson laid out the taxonomic basis for the study of Australasian Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine palynofloras by establishing, or jointly establishing, 76 genera and 386 species of marine microplankton. Her studies throughout her career, although especially in marine palynology, concentrated largely on taxonomy. However, she was one of the first palynologists to demonstrate the utility of dinoflagellate cysts for relative age dating and correlation in geological exploration.

My research career began with cosmic-ray physics. Invited to the Netherlands, I was engaged in the measurement of cosmic-ray electrons. In parallel, we began balloon observations of the cosmic X-ray background. Coming back to Nagoya, we carried out rocket observations of soft X-rays with a thin polypropylene window. Since moving to the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science (ISAS: later reorganized to the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science), I have been involved in several astronomical satellite programs, in particular X-ray astronomy missions. The main features and major results of those programs are mentioned. Features characteristic of the Japanese space program and the specific roles of ISAS are explained.

Objectives: To determine which metrics of scholarly output have the most impact on decisions for faculty promotion, as new forms of scholarship are evolving at medical schools to answer an emerging need for increased skills specialization and interdisciplinary collaboration. Methods: University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine (UICCOM) data was used to test associations between important scholarship parameters and promotions outcomes. Two analyses were carried out. One evaluated summary data for tenure track faculty seeking promotion from Assistant to Associate professor over a 5-year period, and correlated success with the number of publications over different periods of the research career. The second sought to identify predictors of a positive tenure decision for faculty with an MD and/or a PhD, examining factors such as research publications, grant awards, timing of career transitions and departmental affiliations. Results: Promotion correlated significantly with the number of first (or last) authored publications since initial appointment (p

Objectives The primary individual research career development awards for emergency medicine (EM) investigators are the K08 and K23 awards. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, postaward productivity of EM K08 and K23 awardees has not been previously described. The objectives were to describe EM researchers who have received K08 or K23 awards and to evaluate their postaward federal funding and publications. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted during January 2012, of clinician-scientists who previously completed EM residency or fellowship programs and have received K08 or K23 awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) between fiscal years 2000 through 2011. Awardees were identified through the NIH reporting tool (NIH RePORTER). Postaward funding was abstracted, including R01-equivalent funding for K awardees who completed their K training by the end of the 2011 fiscal year. Postaward publications (with journal impact factor) were tabulated for all K awardees using PubMed and Journal Citation Reports. An e-mail survey was also conducted during September and October 2012 to describe the awardee characteristics (demographics and research background) of all EM K awardees using REDCap electronic data captures tools. Simple descriptive statistics are reported. Results Sixty-three EM awardees were identified; 24 (38%) were K08 awardees, and 39 (62%) were K23 awardees. Of the 38 (60%) awardees who completed their K training, 16 (42%) obtained subsequent federal funding, with six (16%) obtaining R01 funding (median time from end of K award to R01 award was 4.5 years). Overall, EM awardees published a mean (±SD) of 4.0 (±1.3) manuscripts per year (after the start of their K awards); the mean (±SD) impact factor of the journals in which these manuscripts were published was 4.5 (±5.7). Forty-five (71%) of EM K awardees responded to the survey. Respondents had a median age of 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 35 to 38 years), and 33 were male (73%). The median time from completion of residency to start of the K award was 6 years (IQR = 4 to 7 years), with 27 (60%) completing a research fellowship prior to the K award. Conclusions Over 40% of EM K awardees who completed their career development training subsequently obtained federal funding as principal investigator (PI) or co-PI, while approximately one in six obtained R01 equivalent funding. Given the numerous barriers facing emergency care researchers, EM K awardees demonstrate good postaward productivity. Resumen Descripcion y Productividad de los Investigadores de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias que Recibieron Becas de Formacion de Carrera Investigadora Supervisada K23 o K08 Objetivos Las principales becas individuales de formacion para la carrera investigadora en medicina de urgencias y emergencias (MUE) son las becas K08 y K23. Segun el conocimiento de los autores, no se ha descrito previamente la productividad tras las becas K08 y K23. Los objetivos fueron describir los investigadores de MUE que recibieron una beca K08 o K23, y evaluar sus publicaciones y ayudas publicas tras la beca. Metodologia Estudio transversal de investigadores clinicos que completaron previamente una residencia en MUE o una beca de investigacion y que habian recibido una beca K08 o K23 de los National Institutes of Health (NIH) o de la Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) durante los anos 2000 a 2011, y que se llevo a cabo en enero del 2012. Los becados se identificaron a traves de las tablas publicadas por los NIH (NIH RePORTER). Se resumio la ayuda tras la beca, que incluyo la ayuda equivalente al R01 para becados K que completaron sus formacion K al final del ano 2011. Las publicaciones tras la beca (con el factor impacto de la revista) se tabularon para todos los becados K mediante PubMed y Journal Citation Reports. Se llevo a cabo tambien una encuesta a traves de correo electronico durante septiembre y octubre de 2012 para describir las caracteristicas (demograficas y experiencia investigadora) de todos los becados K de MUE usando las tablas de captura de datos electronicas REDCap. Se presentaron las estadisticas descriptivas. Resultados Se identificaron 63 becados de MUE, 24 (38%) fueron recibieron becas K08, y 39 (62%) becas K23. De los 38 (60%) becados que completaron su formacion K, 16 (42%) obtuvieron ayudas publicas posteriormente y 6 (16%) obtuvieron ayudas R01 (mediana de tiempo entre el final de la beca K y la beca R01 de 4,5 anos). De todos, los becados de MUE publicaron una media de 4,0 (desviacion estandar [DE] ±1.3) articulos por ano (tras el inicio de su beca K), con una media de puntuacion de factor de impacto de la revista a 5 anos de 4,5 (DE ±5,7) por publicacion. Cuarenta y cinco (71%) de los becados K de MUE respondieron a la encuesta. Los respondedores tenia una mediana de edad de 36 anos (RIC 35 a 38 anos) y 33 fueron varones (73%). La mediana de tiempo desde que se finalizo la residencia hasta el inicio de la beca K fue de 6 anos (RIC 4 a 7 anos), con 27 (60%) que completaron un programa de una beca de investigacion previamente a la obtencion de la beca K. Conclusiones Mas del 40% de los becados K de MUE que completaron su formacion obtuvieron ayudas publicas como investigador principal o coinvestigador, mientras que aproximadamente uno de cada seis obtuvo ayudas equivalentes a R01. Dadas las numerosas barreras para los investigadores en MUE, los becarios de MUE demuestran una buena productividad tras la beca.

The late Professor Leo Vining began his antibiotics research career as a visiting scientist in the laboratory of Selman Waksman at Rutgers University during the golden age of antibiotics. Through six decades of his distinguished career, Vining explored the biosynthesis of dozens of antibacterial and antifungal compounds produced by microorganisms. A number of underlying mechanisms of antibiotic biosynthesis were unraveled through his holistic approach and the findings laid the foundation to our understanding of regulation of antibiotic biosynthesis. In this paper, we reflect on Professor Vining's antibiotic research philosophy from a personal perspective and connect this philosophy to new approaches for rapid development of the next generation of antibiotics, which is urgently needed to combat the threat of escalating antimicrobial resistance. Facing the urgency, The Infectious Disease Society of America launched 'The 10 × '20 Initiative' in 2010 and called for a global commitment to develop 10 new, safe and effective antibiotics by the year 2020.(1.)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to document an interview with Dr Xiao‐Ping Chen to share her professional and career experience as a management scholar. It shows the path of her scholarly journey fueled by her love and passion for the profession.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a recent interview with Dr Xiao‐Ping Chen.Findings – Dr Xiao‐Ping Chen's experience demonstrated the importance of love and passion in one's career pursuit. It shows the importance of the interplays of internal passion and commitment and the external factors in paving and determining a scholar's career success, and how to balance personal life and a demanding role in research, teaching, and professional service.Research limitations/implications – Dr Chen's career provides an exemplar case for junior scholars to deal with the Chinese transitioning symptom associated with pursuing an academic research career. In particular, Dr Chen's optimistic and persistent way of dealing with difficulties in career and l...

Lawrence Mbuagbaw,1–3 Frederick Morfaw,4 John-Eudes L Kunda,5 Jackson K Mukonzo,6 Jasmine Kastner,7 Shiyuan Zhang,2,3 Madzouka Kokolo,8 Lehana Thabane1,3,9–11 1Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon; 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 3Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicines and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon; 5Community Information and Epidemiological Technologies, Lusaka, Zambia; 6School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Makerere, Kampala, Uganda; 7Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada; 8Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 9Departments of Pediatrics and Anaesthesia, McMaster University, 10Centre for Evaluation of Medicine, St Joseph's Healthcare, 11Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada Abstract: Young health researchers all over the world often encounter difficulties in the early stages of their careers. Formal acquisition of research skills in academic settings does not always offer sufficient guidance to overcome these challenges. Based on the collective experiences of some young researchers and research mentors, we describe some tips for a successful health career and offer some useful resources. These tips include: institutional affiliation, early manuscript writing, early manuscript reviewing, finding a mentor, collaboration and networking, identifying sources of funding, establishing research interests, investing in research methods training, developing interpersonal and personal skills, providing mentorship, and balancing work with everyday life. The rationale behind these tips and how to achieve them is provided. Keywords: health research career, young researcher, guidance

A lifetime achievement award is a reason to look back and ask, ‘‘why paleolimnology, what has been most stimulating, and what am I most pleased with?’’ As an undergraduate student, I met Dr. Kimmo Tolonen, who was a guest researcher at the Department of Ecological Botany at Umea University, Sweden. Kimmo is the most enthusiastic researcher I have met—he wished to try everything and to show everything. When Kimmo and his research group returned to Finland, Professor Bengt Pettersson bravely appointed me and two other inexperienced students in 1971 to replace Kimmo and his group in the Early Norrland Research Project. Early Norrland was a multidisciplinary project that studied the prehistory of the northern part of Sweden. Bengt Pettersson was not a paleolimnologist and he gave me free rein to plan my research. Inspired by the excellent book about Lake Trummen by Dr. Gunnar Digerfeldt (Digerfeldt 1972), I designed a multi-lake, multi-proxy project for my research (Renberg 1976a, 1978), which became an excellent school for my future research career. It has been most stimulating to think about things in a different way and find solutions to technical, methodological and scientific questions. Is there anything more exciting in science than conducting analyses that yield unexpected results, followed by weeks of pondering, to ultimately find a solution at five o’clock on a Saturday morning, when everything suddenly appears clearly in that border zone between sleep and wakefulness? Doing the same thing twice is not fun and therefore, the most recent project always seems most interesting to me. When I think back, however, I realize that some projects I did in the past, were quite rewarding.

This special issue is offered as a festschrift to celebrate the distinguished research career of Raymond J. Cole. It contains papers by Cole’s colleagues and students and by others who have worked ...

Chapter 6 looks at science and some of the consequences arising from the need to be internationally mobile in professional research careers, focusing on the example of research laboratories in Portugal. We discuss the increasingly precarious nature of working conditions and the high level of career instability experienced by these scientists, with a gradual deterioration of the quality of the research career at a time of growing difficulties in maintaining professional stability. We also expose the obvious contradiction within high-profile national and European discourses that stress the strategic importance of science and technology (S&T) to societal economic stability and international competitiveness and the precarious reality of working on S&T projects, as well as contrasts in mobility outlook between senior and junior researchers within the same project environments.

How the membrane environment informs when and where actin is polymerized in clathrin-mediated endocytosis is unclear. Daste et al. show that high membrane curvature stimulates PI(3,4)P2 dephosphorylation by INPP4A and that PI(3)P recruits SNX9 in conjunction with both PI(4,5)P2 and high membrane curvature. Furthermore, they find that Lowe syndrome mimics this membrane microenvironment with the aberrant formation of a PI(4,5)P2/PI(3)P intermediate, giving rise to actin comets., The conditional use of actin during clathrin-mediated endocytosis in mammalian cells suggests that the cell controls whether and how actin is used. Using a combination of biochemical reconstitution and mammalian cell culture, we elucidate a mechanism by which the coincidence of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3)P in a curved vesicle triggers actin polymerization. At clathrin-coated pits, PI(3)P is produced by the INPP4A hydrolysis of PI(3,4)P2, and this is necessary for actin-driven endocytosis. Both Cdc42⋅guanosine triphosphate and SNX9 activate N-WASP–WIP- and Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation. Membrane curvature, PI(4,5)P2, and PI(3)P signals are needed for SNX9 assembly via its PX–BAR domain, whereas signaling through Cdc42 is activated by PI(4,5)P2 alone. INPP4A activity is stimulated by high membrane curvature and synergizes with SNX9 BAR domain binding in a process we call curvature cascade amplification. We show that the SNX9-driven actin comets that arise on human disease–associated oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) deficiencies are reduced by inhibiting PI(3)P production, suggesting PI(3)P kinase inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in Lowe syndrome.

This talk focuses on discussing a personal research experience through different, and, in principle, disconnected research topics. More specifically, the talk highlights a research path that started from HPC and Grid Computing and has lead to topics related to Computer Security and Privacy. The talk covers a period of 12 years, between 2005 and 2017, with the aim to show how it is possible to start a research career from specific research interests during the Ph.D., and then end up by joining a totally different research community some years later. The talk will also highlight how cross-fertilization among different research areas could positively impact their State-of-the-art.

There is a dearth of research exploring the development of postdoctoral nursing research careers in non-Western contexts. This paper reports on a qualitative study of Jordanian graduates of UK PhD programs. Interviews were held with 16 graduates who worked in the nursing faculty of seven different universities in Jordan. Participants reported that their doctoral degree had equipped them with confidence and enthusiasm for developing a research career. Mentorship, leadership, and peer support were identified as essential to supporting ongoing research activity. Access to these sources of support was variable and participants also described a range of institutional and organizational structures that directly or indirectly discouraged them from developing research productivity. This research suggests that support for postdoctoral novice researchers is an important area for further attention – for Jordanian universities, for UK PhD supervisors (and their associated academic departments), and for the wider nursing community.

Paul Fairchild speaks to Alexandra Hemsley, Assistant Commissioning Editor Paul Fairchild began his research career in Oxford, UK, where he studied for a doctorate within the Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, focusing on the immune response to organ allografts. After spending 5 years as a postdoctoral fellow investigating the etiology of autoimmune disease in the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK, he returned to Oxford, where he is currently a University Lecturer in Preclinical Medicine within the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology and a Fellow of Trinity College. In 2008, Fairchild founded the Oxford Stem Cell Institute (OSCI), for which he currently serves as Co-Director. As a highly interdisciplinary organization, the OSCI focuses on exploiting the properties of stem cells for the treatment of some of the most intractable chronic and degenerative diseases. It is within this context that he continues to apply his background in transplantation immunology, in order to investigate the nature of the immune response to tissues differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and to develop approaches to the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance. In a recently published book, The Immunological Barriers to Regenerative Medicine, Fairchild explores the immunological challenges that face cell therapies and confronts some common misconceptions about the immunogenicity of pluripotent cells. Here, Fairchild speaks to Regenerative Medicine about why immunological issues cannot be ignored as stem cell science moves into the clinic.

Journal of Lipid Research Volume 54, 2013 1 Copyright © 2013 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Chuck Sweeley died in Lansing, Michigan, on September 21, 2012, at the age of 82 after a long battle with a rare form of bladder cancer. He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania on April 15, 1930, where he grew up and attended primary and secondary school. He received a B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania in 1952 and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1955 at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, working under the direction of Professor Herbert Carter. After further training with Evan Horning at the National Institutes of Health, Chuck took a position in the Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh in 1960. He was promoted to Professor in 1966. He moved to the Department of Biochemistry at Michigan State University in 1968 and spent the rest of his career there. He served as Chairperson of the department at MSU from 1979 to 1985 and was a University Distinguished Professor at Michigan State University when he retired in 1992.( 1 ) During his career, he made major scientifi c contributions to the fi elds of sphingolipids and biomedical mass spectrometry. Here, we summarize and highlight some of his accomplishments, which are described in greater detail in a recent review ( 2 ). Chuck’s illustrious research career began during his Ph.D. training. His Ph.D. thesis was on the chemistry of antibiotics, one of the major interests of the Carter laboratory. After graduation, Chuck switched his interest to the chemistry and biochemistry of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids, stating that “It might seem odd to some that I would devote much of my professional career studying the biochemistry of sphingolipids... because ...my doctoral thesis was entitled “Studies on Streptolidine, a Degradation Product of Streptothricin”....Carter had two laboratories, one for students working on antibiotics and one for students working on sphingosine and sphingolipids. Little did I know that the research being done in the “sphingolipids lab” would stick to me In Memoriam: Charles (Chuck) Crawford Sweeley, Jr. (1930–2012)

This special issue was inspired by the Research in Reading Chinese Conference held at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, the University of Toronto, in 2010 to celebrate Dr. Richard C. Anderson's distinguished research career and his pioneering role in Chinese reading research. The five articles presented in this special issue cover topics related to the Chinese reading development of monolingual and bilingual learners. They include similarities and differences between Chinese and English in reading development and processes (Perfetti, Cao, & Booth, 2013) and reading problems (McBride-Chang et al., 2013), the role of visual-perceptual and visual-orthographic skills in Chinese reading (Anderson et al., 2013; Luo, Chen, Deacon, Zhang, & Yin, 2013), and the influence of first-language semantics on second-language lexical learning (Saji & Imai, 2013). The findings of these articles highlight the contribution of Chinese reading research to the scientific study of reading.

Purpose: The UFS’ Postgraduate School (PGS) aspires to enhance dynamic postgraduate education and career development, and to facilitate the development of twenty-first century doctorateness of doctorandi. International best practices work well for traditional doctorandi; however, non-traditional doctorandi need non-traditional interventions. The PGS accepted the challenge to develop a tailor-made extension of the existing programme. This paper is intended for doctorandi and postgraduate support units in this era of exponential growth in postgraduate enrolments and limited growth in academic staff appointments. Design/methodology/approach: In the first Action Research (AR)-cycle the PGS responded to negotiated requirements, and developed an e-mentoring programme that included components of group- and peer-mentoring. Then, the doctorandi identified an additional requirement. This led to the second AR-cycle and illustrated the value of AR’s participation and co-constructing. Theories, concepts and constructs of Developmental Action Inquiry, Action Research and Developmental Psychology support the design. Findings: The result was a self-mentoring programme that encompasses lifelong career ownership skills; research and scholarship; doctoral education; academic practice and development; as well as the discovery of literature that supports and furthers the passion of the PGS. Originality/value: The self-mentoring programme is generic and transferable, and only very basic MS Word and Internet access is needed.

ummary What is your primary aim? Is it research, because you are intrinsically interested in finding and discovering new things, or is it a way of achieving better career opportunities? Why fast track? It is usually the persistence that prevails. Look for the tortoise and the hare. Which one are you? Look for opportunities. Life has a much bigger phantasy than ourselves, and unexpected black swans are encountered often, so what really makes the difference is what you make out of your opportunities. Use them, you will get them. Be authentic and reliable. Your superiors, peers and subordinates need to count on you, this will make all the difference. Try to grasp the trend. In order to do that, you need to know the current situation and possibly how it evolved towards the status quo. Next step is to challenge it.

Despite evidence of mentoring’s importance in training researchers, studies to date have not yet determined which mentoring relationships have the most impact and what specific factors in those mentoring relationships contribute to key outcomes, such as the commitment to and persistence in research career paths for emerging researchers from diverse populations. Efforts to broaden participation and persistence in biomedical research careers require an understanding of why and how mentoring relationships work and their impact, not only to research training but also to promoting career advancement. This paper proposes core attributes of effective mentoring relationships, as supported by the literature and suggested by theoretical models of academic persistence. In addition, both existing and developing metrics for measuring the effectiveness of these attributes within mentoring relationships across diverse groups are presented, as well as preliminary data on these metrics from the authors’ work.

As a graduate course student, I studied the aggregation behavior of the wheat protein gluten, induced by changes in pH and ionic strength, thus beginning my research career in the field of solvent effects. The following 5 years were spent as a post-doctoral reseracher in the U.S., focused on protein-solvent interactions, which, according to my advisor, Dr. Timasheff, was too basic to be supported by academic grants. This study, however, answered a number of questions about how different solvents affect behavior of proteins in solution, e.g., a solubility behavior known as Hofmeister series. This research experience landed me an Ramp;D position at a startup biotech company, Amgen, where knowledge on solvents played a fundamental role in protein refolding, formulation and chromatography. This demonstrates the unanticipated possibility that an un-funded, basic academic science study earlier can be transitioned later into an industrially-significant applied science.

A doctoral scholar describes potential barriers to professional support.

This paper aims to unearth the factors that influence scientists in becoming and choosing to become publicly funded principal investigators (PIs). PIs are the linchpins of knowledge transformation and bridging triple helix actors, particularly academia-industry. At a micro level, PIs are at the nexus of engaging and interacting with other triple helix actors. No study to date has specifically focused on the factors that influence scientists to become or choose to become publicly funded PIs. For scientists taking on the role of a PI represents an important landmark in their research career. Set in an Irish research system we found two main categories of influencing factors - push and pull. Pull factors are where the PI has more choice in choosing to become a PI, where as push factors is where the PI has less choice in choosing to become a PI. Pull factors we identified were control, career ambition and advancement, personal drive and ambition. Pull factors we identified were project dependencies and institutional pressures.

Background The big problem in global public health, arising from the international migration of physicians from less-developed to more-developed countries, increases if this migration also affects scientists dedicated to health areas. This article analyzes critical variables in the processes of Spanish scientific mobility in Health Sciences to articulate effective management policies for the benefit of national public health services and the balance between local and global science. Methods This study develops a survey to measure and analyze the following crucial variables: research career, training, funding, working with a world-class team, institutional prestige, wages, facilities/infrastructure, working conditions in the organization of the destination country, fringe benefits in the organization of the destination country and social responsibility in the organization of the departure country. A total of 811 researchers have participated in the survey, of which 293 were from the health sector: Spanish scientists abroad (114), scientists that have returned to Spain (32) and young researchers in Spain (147). Results The most crucial variables for Spanish scientists and young researchers in Spain in Health Sciences moving abroad are the cumulative advantages (research career, training, funding and institutional prestige) plus wages. On the other hand, the return of Spanish scientists in the Health Sciences is influenced by cumulative variables (working with a world-class team, research career and institutional prestige) and also by other variables related to social factors, such as working conditions and fringe benefits in the destination country. Permanent positions are rare for these groups and their decisions regarding mobility depend to a large extent on job opportunities. Conclusions Spanish health organizations can influence researchers to return, since these decisions mainly depend on job opportunities. These organizations can complement the cumulative advantages offered by the wealthier countries with the intensification of social factors.

The career opportunities of university bachelor students are multiple. Some bachelor students might consider a career in research. In this article, we explore, first, the degree to which bachelor students in a research intensive university intend to enter a research-oriented career,and second, the factors influencing this intention. 1,232 students of a research-intensive university answered an on line questionnaire. 4.08% scored 4 or higher out of 5 on a scale that measures the intention to become a researcher. A regression model (R² = .47) showed that among a set of 13 variables, the attitude towards research proved to have the strongest influence on the intention to enter a research-oriented career, next to gender, and study major. The occupational focus, frequency of use of ICT (information and communication technologies) instruments, and the opinion that scientific research needs ICT have a negative influence. ispartof: Journal of Education and Training vol:3 issue:2 pages:16-35 status: published

His name was Dennis. I don’t remember what he looked like, except that he was older and bigger than I was. I was 3 years old and of just average size. I was walking in back of our house on Tuxedo Parkway in Newark, New Jersey. All of a sudden, Dennis came rushing at me with a clothespin in his hand. I didn’t know what his intentions were, but they didn’t look good. [Download the PDF to read more...] Select Quotes:Always follow your passions, even if others are not supporting you in doing so. Following your passions will lead to your doing your best work.Always treat all colleagues with respect, no matter how much you may question them or their work. Apply the Golden Rule of treating others the way you would want them to treat you.Plan ahead but not too far ahead because a good research career does not simply build on your early research, but rather builds as well on the inadequacies of that early research.

The paper presents a case study of the Alexandru Proca Centre of Research Initiating of the young to the high school level which was structured on the National Institute of Electrical Engineering Research- Advanced Research (INCDIE - CA). The structure of this Centre, the team, the mode of introduce the specific research methodologies are presented. Alexandru Proca (1897 - 1955) was a great researcher in the field of theoretical physics (see Proca equations).

Having gained some clinical experience before pursuing a research career, Lucy Davison is now seeking the best of both worlds as a clinician scientist.

Patrice Codogno ( Fig. 1 ), one of the associate editors of Autophagy since it was established, is well known in the autophagy field, and has played a particularly important role in France, serving as the first president of Club Francophone de l'AuTophaGie (CFATG). Patrice's research career spans from the predominantly biochemical analyses that were commonly used in the 1980s to the molecular studies that are the primary focus of many labs currently studying autophagy today. Anyone who has met Patrice knows that he is modest, which means his contributions to autophagy and to promoting the careers of scientists globally, are underappreciated. In addition, there is a fun-loving side to Patrice that is often hidden to the casual observer, and it is time to share some of his personality and thoughts with the rest of the autophagy community.

Nature Communications 5: Article number: 3986 (2014); Published 9 June 2014; Updated 11 April 2016 The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following: Huang-Ge Zhang is supported by a Research Career Scientist (RCS) Award.

André Chervel é referência nos estudos brasileiros de história da educação desde os anos 1990, mas pouco conhecido entre os pesquisadores do ensino de línguas; o texto visa apresentar brevemente sua trajetória de pesquisa e o reconhecimento que obteve na França, a fim de situar a leitura da tradução do artigo “Das disciplinas à cultura escolar: o caso do ensino de ortografia na escola primária”, em que Chervel problematiza o impacto cultural do que é produzido na e para a escola.Palavras-chave: história do ensino de francês, ensino de língua, cultura escolar. André Chervel is a reference in Brazilian history of education studies since the 90s, however he is less known among researchers of language teaching; the text aims to briefly present his research career and the recognition he obtained in France in order to situate the article translation reading “From school disciplines to school culture: the case of spelling teaching at elementary school” where Chervel questions the cultural impact of what is produced in and for the school.Keywords: history of French language teaching, language teaching, school culture.

Geomorphology as a scientific discipline has underwent major developments since the mid 20th century. From its original descriptive nature aiming to understand landscape evolution, it developed towards a more process-based oriented discipline. To a large extent this evolution followed a quantitative approach whereby modelling becomes more and more important. A schism between applied or engineering geomorphology and system-based geomorphology aiming at understanding landscape change emerges in the 1950-1960's. Only at the end of the 20thcentury – early 21stcentury, integration of quantitative field-based approaches on longer term issues of landscape evolution with numerical modelling emerges. This is particularly true for the Holocene for which the importance of human impact on geomorphic processes and landforms became acknowledged. With respect to landscape evolution on much longer timescales, the development of tectonic geomorphology becomes apparent. In this paper, some evolution of ideas and trends within geomorphology with respect to understanding landscape dynamics are summarised and put into the career perspective of Jef Vandenberghe.