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Power-to-gas (P2G) is a technology that converts electrical power to gas fuels like methane, which can be stored and distributed via the natural gas grid. However, at present time the technology suffers from high specific investment costs, low efficiency and grid fees that must be paid if electricity is obtained from the power grid. We use a real options approach to assess the profitability of different operational concepts. As P2G facilities are flexible consumers, they can benefit from short-term price fluctuations on the electricity spot market. In order to estimate the value of this flexibility, we use a regress-later Monte Carlo approach to determine the optimal dispatch taking into account various operational constraints. This allows evaluating the future revenues for simulated scenarios of power and gas prices. Then the real options approach determines the project value and the optimal timing of the project start, given the uncertainties in future energy prices, exchange rates and investment costs.

From its earliest days, research in business and information systems engineering (BISE) has been dedicated to envisioning how information technology will change the way we work and live. Today, technological innovation happens at a faster pace and reaches users more quickly than ever before. For example, while it took 75 years for the telephone to reach 100 million users, it was 16 years for mobile phones, 7 years for the World Wide Web, four and a half years for Facebook (Dreischmeier et al. 2015), and only a few weeks for Pokémon GO (Moon 2016). The rapid acceleration of technological diffusion confronts BISE researchers, who usually study technological innovations from the perspective of socio-technical systems (Bostrom and Heinen 1977). Work systems are conceptualized as an interplay of tasks, technologies, and people (vom Brocke and Rosemann 2014), systems “in which human participants and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce specific products/services for specific internal and/or external customers” (Alter 2013, p. 75).

Compliance im Spannungsfeld zwischen Digitalisierung und neuen Straftatbeständen Compliance hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren zu einem ständig präsenten Thema am Finanzplatz Liechtenstein entwickelt. Die Zuständigkeiten des Compliance Officers können von Wertpapier-Compliance, Geldwäschereiprävention, Datenschutz-Compliance, Kartellrechts-Compliance bis hin zu Fraud (Betrug) reichen. Ein Compliance Officer ist stärker gefordert denn je. Gleichzeitig ist die persönliche Haftung des Compliance Officers streng geregelt. Im ersten Vortrag der Veranstaltung wird der Fokus auf die Position und Haftung des Compliance Officers gelegt. Das anschliessende Referat widmet sich dem Thema Compliance Standards und Haftung. Abgerundet wird der erste Veranstaltungsblock mit einem Vortrag über die Zertifizierung von Compliance Management Systemen. Für international tätige Unternehmen kann eine Compliance-Zertifizierung sehr sinnvoll sein. Sie ermöglicht nicht nur einen gewissen Wettbewerbsvorteil bei Ausschreibungen, sondern wird dadurch auch die gesamte Compliance-Awareness gehoben. Darauf aufbauend wird auf Vortaten zur Geldwäscherei sowie auf Fraud in Unternehmen & Risikomanagement eingegangen. Den Abschluss des Vormittagsprogramms bildet eine Podiumsdiskussion zum Thema Haftung des Compliance Officers unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Nicolas Raschauer. Die Teilnehmenden haben dabei die Gelegenheit, das Thema mit individuellen Fragen zu vertiefen. Die Digitalisierung und neue Technologien wie Big Data-Analysen und Blockchain beginnen mehr und mehr sich in der Rechts- und Compliance Branche auszubreiten. Im dritten Themenblock wird auf Cyberrisiken und operationelle IT-Risiken ebenso eingegangen, wie auf die Digital Compliance für Unternehmen. Zu guter Letzt werden die weitreichenden Auswirkungen von MIFID II auf die Compliancefunktion näher betrachtet. Dabei sind die Auswirkungen von MIFID II im Hinblick auf die gesetzliche Stellung und das Aufgabenfeld der Compliance von besonderem Interesse.

Ziel des Kurses ist es die Teilnehmenden für gängige Tat-Muster, Gelegenheiten zur Tatausübung und Motivationen der Tat zu sensibilisieren. Damit wird eine erhöhte Achtsamkeit gegenüber Auffälligkeiten in der beruflichen Revisionspraxis erwirkt. Die Entstehungsgründe von Fraud sind bei der Prüfungsplanung und -durchführung, Berichterstellung sowie auch für die Prävention essentiell. Nach dem Kurs sind die Teilnehmenden in der Lage eine begründete und effiziente Beurteilung von Risiken, die auf Fraud hindeuten können, vorzunehmen. Blickwinkel von Wirtschaftsstraftätern einzunehmen und die Vorgehensweisen der Delinquenten „verstehen“ zu lernen erweisen sich beispielsweise beim Assessment des Kontrolldesigns sowie bei der Festlegung der Prüfschritte als vorteilhaft.

About 17% of the worldwide CO2-emissions can be ascribed to road transportation. Using information systems (IS)-enabled feedback has shown to be very efficient in promoting a less fuel-consuming driving style. Today, in-car IS that provide feedback on driving behavior are in the midst of a fundamental change. Increasing digitalization of in-car IS enables virtually any kind of feedback. Still, we see a gap in the empirical evidence on how to leverage this potential, raising questions on future HCI-based feedback design. To address this knowledge gap, we designed an eco-driving feedback IS and, building upon construal level theory, hypothesize that abstract feedback is more effective in reducing fuel consumption than concrete feedback. Deployed in a large field experiment with 56 participants covering over 297,000km, we provide first empirical evidence that supports this hypothesis. Despite its limitations, this research may have general implications for the design of real-time feedback.

With the advent of decentralised energy resources (DERs), there has been increased pressure on classic grid infrastructure to manage non-dispatchable resources. In face of these challenges, microgrids provide a new way of managing and distributing DERs and are characterised as core building blocks of smart grids. In this context blockchain technology enables transaction-based systems for keeping track of energy flows in between producing and consuming parties. However, such systems are not intuitive and introduce challenges for the user»s understanding. In our current work, we introduce a user-centric approach to utilise a transactional data structure, providing transparency and understanding for when and from where electric energy is consumed. We present our approach for an engaging user interface and a preliminary study with feedback from solar installation owners and close with remarks on our future research plans.

The new generation of sex robots raises questions about a potential moral responsibility by human beings toward robots. In our paper, we develop a pathocentric approach to normative ethics that goes beyond the mere well-being of human beings by searching for a broader perspective that includes a morality towards objects. First, we demonstrate that the moral line between living beings (e.g. human beings, animals) and objects is much blurrier than it seems and relate these general considerations back to the issue of robot sex. We then discuss possible consequences of our approach, outlining in particular ideas on how sex robots will change our social norms. We argue that the influence robots can have on our norms does not only concern our perception of them, but also of ourselves.

How can we restore the ecological balance of our planet? The present article is aimed at contributing a structural framework for such a restoration. In the quest for ecological recovery, cybernetic–systemic approaches are in demand. They specialize in coping with complexity and offer new, transdisciplinary and non-reductionist ways of system design for renewing sustainability. This contribution uses a proven model from organizational cybernetics—the viable system model—as a frame for sustainable development. The model specifies how the viability of any human or social system can be achieved by means of clearly defined organizational structures. In accord with the logic of recursive organization inherent in the model, a proposal for a structural design aimed at enabling ecological recovery is formulated. That design includes all organizational levels of recursion, from individual to world. The implications of such a novel approach are far-reaching, and the impact powerful.

Definition of "General System Theory" and "Systemic Approach"; assessment of the usefulness of systemic approaches.

Die jährlich stattfindende Erhebung hat das Ziel, die aktuelle Situation des produzierenden Gewerbes in der Schweiz aussagekräftig darzustellen und über ihre langfristige Ausrichtung einen möglichen Strukturwandel abzubilden. Der Fokus auf produzierende Unternehmen liefert neue Informationen, die durch andere Umfragen bisweilen nur unzureichend abgefragt werden. Durch diese Transparenz erhalten Unternehmen, Verbände, Wissenschaft und Politik die Möglichkeit, Entwicklungen sowie Trends zu identifizieren, zu analysieren und entsprechend zu agieren.

In this conceptual paper, we propose crowdsourcing for opportunity creation as a new field of further research in both in the information systems and entrepreneurship domain. Building on previous re-search on entrepreneurial opportunity creation, we elaborate on the benefits of employing a crowdsourcing approach to reduce uncertainty and iteratively develop an opportunity into a new ven-ture. Based on this assessment we develop a research agenda that highlights the need to adapt previous crowdsourcing mechanisms for the special context of entrepreneurial opportunity creation. In doings so, we expand research of crowdsourcing to the field of entrepreneurship by extending the principles of crowdsourcing for innovation for entrepreneurial opportunity creation. Further, by highlighting the requirements of crowdsourcing for opportunity creation, we point towards potential future research issues. Such research should examine novel participation architectures that enable the iterative co-creation of an opportunity through different maturity stages, thereby overcoming the limitations of previous crowdsourcing efforts that rather focus on the generation of novel ideas than its evolution. Finally, we propose crowdsourcing as a practical way for entrepreneurs to validate their assumptions about their opportunity, thereby achieving fast and early product-market fit.

Humans will soon need to adapt to a collaborative setting in which technology becomes a smart collaboration partner that works with a group to achieve its goals. It is therefore time for collaboration researchers to explore the vast opportunities afforded by smart technology and to test its utility for enhancing team processes and outcomes. In this paper, we take a long view on the implications of smart technology for collaboration process design, and propose a research agenda for the next decade of collaboration research. We create a reference model to frame the research agenda.

Das Buch zeigt praxisnah, wie Haftungs-, Vermögens- und Reputationsrisiken, die mit Wirtschaftskriminalität einhergehen, gesenkt werden. Die Vorgehensweise der Täter verstehen zu lernen, verschafft den entscheidenden Vorsprung bei der Entwicklung unternehmensinterner Erkennungs- und Abwehrsysteme. Den Leser erwarten praxisrelevante Inhalte und Auszüge aus Interviews mit Wirtschaftsstraftätern, sprich „aus dem Nähkästchen Geplaudertes“.

Das Verbundprojekt KoLeArn (Kontextsensitive Lerndienstleistungen im Arbeitsprozess der smarten industriellen Fertigung – Systematische Entwicklung und Pilotierung am Beispiel China) entwickelt kontextsensitive Lernangebote, um deutschen Bildungsanbietern den effizienten und erfolgreichen Export ihrer Weiter- und Ausbildungsangebote nach China zu ermöglichen. Die digitalen Lernumgebungen richten sich in erster Linie an nicht-akademische Fachkräfte, die arbeitsprozessorientiertes Wissen im Rahmen der smarten industriellen Fertigung benötigen. Die Entwicklung und Pilotierung prototypischer Lerneinheiten erfolgt im Rahmen eines iterativen und gestaltungsorientierten Prozesses.

Diese Broschüre ist im Rahmen des BMBF-Projektes „Herausforderung Cloud und Crowd – Neue Organisationskonzepte für Dienstleistungen nachhaltig gestalten“ im Teilprojekt der Universität Kassel „Crowdworking-Plattformen als innovative Dienstleistungssysteme“ entstanden. Das Projekt wird vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördert (Förderkennzeichen 02K14A071) und vom Projektträger Karlsruhe (PTKA) betreut. Die Verbundkoordination hat das Institut für Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung e.V. München.

When a learning system learns from data that was previously assigned to categories, we say that the learning system learns in a supervised way. By “supervised”, we mean that a higher entity, for example a human, has arranged the data into categories. Fully categorizing the data is cost intensive and time consuming. Moreover, the categories (labels) provided by humans might be subject to uncertainty, as humans are prone to error. This is where dedicate collaborative interactive learning (D-CIL) comes together: The learning system can decide from which data it learns, copes with uncertainty regarding the categories, and does not require a fully labeled dataset. Against this background, we create the foundations of two central challenges in this early development stage of D-CIL: task complexity and uncertainty. We present an approach to “crowdsourcing traffic sign labels with self-assessment” that will support leveraging the potentials of D-CIL.

While the crowdsourcer’s job is to encourage valuable contributions and sustained commitment in a cost-effective manner, it seems as if the primary attention of management and research is still centered on the evaluation of contributions rather than the crowd. As many crowdsourcers lack the resources to successfully execute such projects, crowdsourcing intermediaries play an increasingly important role. First studies dealt with internal management challenges of incorporating an intermediary. However, the issue of how intermediaries influence crowdsourcees’ psychological and behavioral responses, further referred to as engagement, has not been addressed yet. Consequently, two leading research questions guide this paper: (1) How can the engagement process of crowdsourcees be conceptualized? (2) How and why do crowdsourcing intermediaries impact crowdsourcees’ engagement? This study extends existing knowledge by offering IS-researchers a process perspective on engagement and exploring the underlying mechanisms and IT-enabled stimuli that foster value-creation in a mediated and non-mediated setting. A theoretical process model is first conceptualized and then explored with insights from two common cases in the growing field of crowd testing. By triangulating platform and interview data, initial propositions concerning the role of specific stimuli and the intermediary within the engagement process are derived. It is proposed that crowdsourcing enterprises, incorporating intermediaries, have the potential to generate a desired engagement state when perceived stimuli under their control belong to the so-called group of “game changers” and “value adders”, while the intermediary controls mainly “risk factors” for absorbing negative experiences. Apart from the theoretical relevance of studying mediated engagement processes and explaining voluntary use and participation in a socio-technical system, findings support decisions on how to effectively incorporate platform intermediaries.

Crowd work has emerged as new pattern of digitally mediated collaboration. In this paper, we focus on the determinants and effects of crowd workers’ job satisfaction – a perspective that has been largely neglected by current crowdsourcing research. We report results from a survey of 161 crowd workers participating in crowdsourced software testing. Our research shows that job satisfaction mediates the effects of monetary rewards, hedonic value, and cognitive stimulation on the intention to participate in future testing tasks. By contrast, factors of work context (i.e., flexibility and provided information) have no effects. We contribute to the literature by unraveling job satisfaction as causal mechanism influencing future participation. For practice, our results help to design more effective tasks in crowd work.

Current research suggests that crowdfunding not only serves as an alternative source of capital but also as a flexible tool allowing start-ups to systematically integrate a crowd into their innovation processes. However, an adequate understanding of how start-ups can systematically leverage the co-creation potential of their early customers during crowdfunding is still nascent. Against this background, the aim of this research is to conceptualize and examine the concept of co-creation in the context of reward-based crowdfunding. In doing so, we distinguish it from other methods of user integration in the realm of open innovation and discuss how entrepreneurs can leverage reward-based crowdfunding to engage their customers in the development and deployment of their product and service offerings.

While we know that seamless customers’ journeys that span several channels are important, research on how firms can best manage and (re-) configure their customers’ journeys in a flexible manner is still unclear. At the same time complexity of customer journeys as well as the speed with which both technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) applications and consumer behaviour are changing is increasing. Companies react to this with trying to implement more agile organizational structures as well as more flexible service provision and customer journeys. But this needed flexibility can hardly be realized with current service provision structures. Instead, this conceptual paper suggests modular service structures that allow for a “plug & play” capability of service modules within customer journeys. By doing so, flexible service provision configurations and customer journeys can be realized, thereby also laying the basis for new business models. The paper contributes by introducing the concept of modular service structures as a basis for managing the customers’ journeys and by presenting five archetypical customer journey configurations.

Supporting users in their daily activities, thus, making their lives more comfortable, has long been a goal for consumer-oriented systems development. With the rise of smart personal assistants (SPAs), however, we have reached a new milestone along the path towards this goal. These systems assist their owners by providing personalized and context-dependent information and service. Today's implementations reach from conversational agents, such as Siri, Cortana or Google Assistant, over chatbots, which are primarily text-based, to cognitive assistants, which assist according to a user's current cognitive or emotional state. However, although both research and practice proceed with full pace, recurring design elements of SPAs have not yet been investigated. We hence propose a pattern language for smart personal assistants to guide further empirical and design efforts. Therefore, we review existing information systems, computer science and human-computer interaction literature to find recurring design characteristics among 115 different assistants. The resulting pattern language contains 22 patterns that specify the interaction behavior and the intelligence of smart personal assistants.

The rise of the programmable web offers new opportunities for the empirically driven social sciences. The access, compilation and preparation of data from the programmable web for statistical analysis can, however, involve substantial up-front costs for the practical researcher. The R-package RWebData provides a high-level framework that allows data to be easily collected from the programmable web in a format that can directly be used for statistical analysis in R (R Core Team 2013) without bothering about the data's initial format and nesting structure. It was developed specifically for users who have no experience with web technologies and merely use R as a statistical software. The core idea and methodological contribution of the package are the disentangling of parsing web data and mapping them with a generic algorithm (independent of the initial data structure) to a flat table-like representation. This paper provides an overview of the high-level functions for R-users, explains the basic architecture of the package, and illustrates the implemented data mapping algorithm., Comment: Working Paper. Keywords: R, programmable web, big public data, web api, rest

Biofeedback-based Breathing Trainings (BBTs) shows significant effect on health (WAN10, DIL16). State-of-the-art BBTs require dedicated (high cost) hardware and health professionals which represent a significant barrier to their widespread adoption. While It has been shown that a smartphone microphone has the ability to record audio signals from exhalation in a quality of professional respiratory devices (LAR12), the ultimate goal of this project is to answer the research question: To which degree of accuracy can a mobile application detect respiratory acoustic patterns in quasi-real-time with a smartphone’s microphone, thus capable of triggering adequate biofeedback?

Complementors are the cornerstone of innovation and a vital part for every platform ecosystem. Nevertheless, their perspective is commonly neglected in academic research. By drawing on external resources, they develop complementary products, use distribution channels and benefit from the development of the platform and the surrounding ecosystem. Their accelerating dependence on platform owners, however, has not only created new business opportunities but also introduced essential new risks. These co-innovation risks are especially accelerated by the dominant position of the platform owner and the related uncertainty of the transaction environment. Hence, we apply a quantitative survey among 42 complementors of five leading cloud platforms to explore the drivers of such risk and the role of platform specificity, governance as well as app architecture in such settings. We thus provide valuable insights for both practice as well as theory on platform ecosystems.

The creative potential from innovative contributions of the crowd constitutes some critical challenges. The quantity of contributions and the resource demands to identify valuable ideas is high and remains challenging for firms that apply open innovation initiatives. To solve these problems, research on algorithmic approaches proved to be a valuable way by identifying metrics to distinguish between high and low-quality ideas. However, such filtering approaches always risk missing promising ideas by classifying good ideas as bad ones. In response, organizations have turned to the crowd to not just for generating ideas but also to evaluate them to filter high quality contributions. However, such crowd-based filtering approaches tend to perform poorly in practice as they make unrealistic demands on the crowd. We, therefore, conduct a design science research project to provide prescriptive knowledge on how to combine machine learning techniques with crowd evaluation to adaptively assign humans to ideas.

We are investigating to which degree of accuracy can a mobile application detect asthmatic nocturnal cough and sleep quality with the smartphone’s built-in microphone?

Digital transformation of industries, technologies and society changed the way of service provision and led to changing requirements on service quality. Several models for measuring service quality exist within the literature. Literature reviews on these models mostly focus on the model structure to emphasize differences or commons in e.g. number of dimensions or context of measurement. The fol-lowing paper will raise this detailed level of investigation to a higher level. The main purpose is to provide an overview about different service quality measurement models within IS literature and em-phasize differences between these models compared to traditional measurement scales. A systematic literature review was conducted to structure the literature and reveal further research gaps. Findings were assigned to the service typology matrix of Jaakkola et al. (2017) to gain further research gaps for service quality measurement models directly related to socio-technical change as the two dimen-sions of the matrix reflect two important attributes of digitization. Beneath these gaps, findings indi-cate that service quality measurement models are e.g. context-dependent and offer several areas for further research. The results contribute to IS literature as they structure service quality measurement models from literature on the basis of different service forms and emphasize research gaps.

Digitization brings new possibilities to ease our daily life activities by the means of assistive technology. Amazon Alexa, Microsoft Cortana, Samsung Bixby, to name only a few, heralded the age of smart personal assistants (SPAs), personified agents that combine artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing and various actuation mechanisms to sense and influence the environment. However, SPA research seems to be highly fragmented among different disciplines, such as computer science, human-computer-interaction and information systems, which leads to ‘reinventing the wheel approaches’ and thus impede progress and conceptual clarity. In this paper, we present an exhaustive, integrative literature review to build a solid basis for future research. We have identified five functional principles and three research domains which appear promising for future research, especially in the information systems field. Hence, we contribute by providing a consolidated, integrated view on prior research and lay the foundation for an SPA classification scheme.

This demonstration paper proposes a hybrid intelligence system that combines the complementary strengths of human and machines for complex decision-making problems that require human “gut feeling” (i.e. success prediction for startups). The architecture extends principles of previous interactive machine learning systems by using continuous input from an expert crowd and explicitly leveraging the advantages of collective intelligence. This approach allows to augment machine learning techniques for generating features, intuitive and analytic labeling as well as troubleshooting.

Business incubators are an important mechanism to accelerate the success of new ventures. The emergence of ubiquitous IT allows to provide several support services for start-ups via online platforms. One particularly promising approach is the concept of crowd-based incubation. To shed light on this novel topic we conducted a single case study at the crowd-based incubator JumpStartFund. The results provide several interesting insights and a preliminary conceptual model of crowd-based incubation that contributes on research of business incubators in general and provides valuable hints for practical applications that might extend the service offering of existing business incubators.

Im Zuge der Digitalisierung wird die Burgerpartizipation als Chance zur angestrebten Steigerung der Beteiligungsreichweite gesehen, wodurch Kommunen vor immer groseren Herausforderungen und infrastrukturellen Veranderungen stehen (Meier/Portmann 2016). Dabei bietet die Digitalisierung des Alltags und der Wandel hin zu einer Zivilgesellschaft mit einem starken Bedurfnis nach Dialog, Selbstverwirklichung und Kooperation erhebliche, bislang ungenutzte Potenziale, um die Gestaltung der Stadte zu nachhaltigen, wandlungsfahigen und lebenswerten Raumen voranzutreiben.

Smart Homes sammeln eine Fülle von Daten über ihre Bewohner. Gut genutzt werden diese allerdings nicht. Smart Homes sind im wesentlichen reaktiv. Im Hinblick auf die Gesundheitsversorgung ist der Wandel zu proaktiven Smart Homes vielversprechend. Um proaktive Smart Homes Wirklichkeit werden zu lassen, sollte zunächst ein vollständiges Bild dieser komplexen und ressourcenreichen Umgebung gezeichnet werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Gestaltungsraum für proaktive Smart Homes aufzuspannen. Ausgehend von den neun Elementen des Work System (WS) Rahmenwerks, werden Bausteine eines proaktiven Smart Homes identifiziert, beschrieben und analysiert sowie Gestaltungsfragen daraus abgeleitet, die bei einer Instanziierung eines proaktiven Smart Homes beantwortet werden müssen. Diese Arbeit bereitet einen fruchtbaren Nährboden für die zukünftige Gestaltung IT-gestützter proaktiver Lebenswelten, in denen die Gesundheit durch den Einsatz verschiedenster Systemressourcen proaktiv gefördert wird.

Gamification is a well-known approach that refers to the use of game design elements in information systems to make monotonous and tedious tasks more enjoyable. However, research and practice show that game design elements are oftentimes chosen and integrated in information systems randomly, therefore impeding the outcomes of such systems. In this regard, taxonomies can guide system developers, i.e., in selecting and combining game design elements to gamify their information system. Nonetheless, existing taxonomies do not provide such guidance for gamifying information systems. Therefore, the goal of our research is to consolidate the state of the art of gamification research and rigorously develop a gamification taxonomy. To achieve our goal, we conducted a systematic literature review and developed a taxonomy based on a rigorous taxonomy development process. We evaluate our theory by providing evidence of its feasibility with two practical cases: First, we show how the taxonomy helps to analyze existing gamification approaches, and, second, how the taxonomy guides to gamify information systems. Overall, we enrich theory by introducing a new taxonomy to better explain the meaning and characteristics of game design elements. Likewise, practitioners will be guided in selecting and combining game design elements for their gamification approaches.

Die digitale Transformation verändert gegenwärtig die Art und Weise, wie Arbeit erbracht und organisiert wird. Bestehende Geschäftsmodelle verlieren an Attraktivität, neue Geschäftsmodelle kommen hinzu. Zwei Trends sind dabei besonders signifikant: Die „Plattform-Ökonomie“, mit Crowdworking-Plattformen als einer ‚Spielart‘, die in den letzten Jahren starken Zulauf erfahren hat, und die „Sharing-Economy“. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir am Beispiel der Crowdworking-Plattform Mila und ihres Kunden und 51-prozentigen Eigentümers Swisscom AG, wie Unternehmen die Crowd für Wertschöpfung einsetzen, ihren Kundensupport ausbauen und damit Vorteile für alle Beteiligten generieren können. Die Crowdworking-Plattform Mila verbindet in einem neuartigen Ansatz das Paradigma der Crowd, insbesondere die Nutzung einer Vielzahl von Leistungserbringern, mit den Prinzipien der Sharing-Economy, vor allem dem Einbezug der Kunden als Produzenten von Dienstleistungen. Basierend auf Experten-Tiefen-Interviews mit Verantwortlichen von Mila und Swisscom analysieren wir in diesem Beitrag dieses neuartige Arbeitssystem inklusive des Zusammenspiels aller Beteiligten und leiten daraus Handlungsempfehlungen für Unternehmen ab.

Die Luftfahrt gehört zu den am stärksten regulierten Bereichen der Schweizer Gesellschaft. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich deshalb mit dem Thema (Über)-Regulierung in der Luftfahrt. Sie hilft dabei zu verstehen, weshalb viele Luftfahrtakteure heute in Bezug auf Regulierungen unzufrieden sind. Dabei beleuchtet die Arbeit in einem ersten Schritt den Prozess der Risikoregulierung und stellt die allgemein-theoretischen Erkenntnisse in Verbindung zur Luftfahrt und deren Besonderheiten. Durch die Kapitel Sicherheit und Überregulierung in der Aviatik kann der Hauptteil der Arbeit abgeleitet werden. Anhand einer empirischen Studie mit über 90 Luftfahrtakteuren werden im Hauptteil die Gründe, Folgen, Gefahren und Chancen der steigenden Regulierungsdichte diskutiert. Nach einer Zusammenfassung der Erkenntnisse werden für jegliche Stakeholder der Luftfahrt Ansatzpunkte zur Anpassung von bestehenden Prozessen im Kontext der Risikoregulierungen vorgeschlagen und differenziert aufgezeigt.

Retargeting is an innovative online marketing technique in the modern age. Although this advertising form offers great opportunities of bringing back customers who have left an online store without a com-plete purchase, retargeting is risky because the necessary data collection leads to strong privacy con-cerns which, in turn, trigger consumer reactance and decreasing trust. Digital nudges – small design modifications in digital choice environments which guide peoples’ behaviour – present a promising concept to bypass these negative consequences of retargeting. In order to prove the positive effects of digital nudges, we aim to conduct an online experiment with a subsequent survey by testing the impacts of social nudges and information nudges in retargeting banners. Our expected contribution to theory includes an extension of existing research of nudging in context of retargeting by investigating the effects of different nudges in retargeting banners on consumers’ behaviour. In addition, we aim to provide practical contributions by the provision of design guidelines for practitioners to build more trustworthy IT artefacts and enhance retargeting strategy of marketing practitioners.

Currently, research on service science has emerged as its own discipline, where service systems are its basic unit of analysis. However, without a clearly defined modeling approach for service systems, analyzing a service system is challenging. We therefore propose a conceptual hypergraph-based modeling approach, which can be used to model services for both traditional goods-dominant businesses, as well as service-businesses. We define key elements of a service system while drawing upon hypergraph theory and present three modeling properties which are required to model a service systems graph (SSG). The focus of SSGs is to describe the relationships between the various resources, actors and activities, thus configuring a service system. It provides the foundation for computer graphic simulations and database applications of service business structure for future research.

Creating a service business as a manufacturing company is commonly known as servitization. While research provides a solid foundation in many sub-areas of servitization, it concentrates on traditional after-sales services. In the realm of organizational structuring, scholars mostly discuss whether to integrate or separate the service business. Focusing on data-based services, literature remains silent on their effects on the organizational structure. Thus, we enlighten this topic by collecting determinants from literature influencing the organizational design of a manufacturing company. Following a systematic approach, we qualitatively assessed the impact of 14 factors on their tendency to favor separation or integration. While a clear tendency cannot be stated, this work is a first step to clarify organizational configuration problems in this area.

Digitization changes our society, the way we work and the way we generate value in work systems. More precisely, it equally affects how business and employees organize their work. While there is a tremendous innovation potential for businesses such as more flexible and efficient work arrangements, there are also tremendous privacy risks. Such privacy risks especially relate to issues that employees leave data traces in every working step while being oftentimes not aware of their generated data. Employees leave data traces on intranet platforms such as Wikis and on external work tools such as Slack and reveal not only personal information but also company insights. At the same time companies must handle new privacy regulations such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which do not only affect companies in the European countries but also providers of information systems (IS) all around the world that offer their services in Europe. Thus, innovative approaches for considering challenges that exist because of privacy related issues are needed. A promising approach to overcome the aforementioned privacy issues of digital working environments is the application of digital nudges in IS – small design modifications in digital choice environments which guide peoples’ behavior (Weinmann et al. 2016). The nudge theory – originally derived from behavioral economics– is based on the irrational behavior of human beings. A nudge “is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people’s behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives” (Thaler and Sunstein 2008, p. 6) and is typically applied in offline environments, e.g., to nudge individuals for being organ donors through a default opt-in. By relying on the concept of nudging, individuals in digital work system could be nudged to improve their decisions when disclosing data. This is especially prevalent, since many individuals are not aware about how their data is used. As such, there is a lack of research regarding nudging in context of digital work systems and privacy which should be addressed in a socio-technical research approach. By examining the impact and perception of digital nudges in work systems, we want to shed light on the application, design and effects of nudges to overcome challenges that arise because of privacy related issues. We therefore first examine use cases and requirements for nudging in digital work system under the consideration of users, companies and other stakeholders. Since we draw on a socio-technical view, we incorporate requirements that relate to a legal as well as an ethical perspective for nudging privacy. By this means, we develop a design theory for privacy nudging by an iterative design and evaluation process in the field. The ultimate goal is to improve decisions concerning data disclosure and, secondary, increase by this means trust and acceptance of digital work systems by lowering privacy concerns. By developing a design theory, we contribute to the body of knowledge with a more profound understanding of digital nudging in the context of privacy as well as with prescriptive design knowledge for nudging in digital work systems.