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The development of the Romanian oil industry covers a relatively short period of only 160 years, but the interest that oil has produced has been and still remains enormous. The influx of foreign capital in the Romanian oil industry has undoubtedly contributed to its development, but foreign capitals have monopolized almost all the oil industry in the country. Romania has experienced the consequences of this situation, which has marked the future general development of the country. The year 1947, or "the final year of the Romanian oil industry based on private capital", did not complete the period of restoration, despite the aggressive intervention of the communist power. The Nationalization of the Romanian and foreign oil companies from June 11, 1948, made the first step towards the absolute management and control of the Romanian oil industry, the clear signal of Romania's political and economic isolation, with all its consequences, at least until 1964. Hence, in the year 1918, when Romania celebrates 100 years from it's formation as an Unitary State, this paper aims at presenting some facts and figures about the Romanian oil industry from year 1918 up to 1948 (the year of Nationalization). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imagofagia is the property of Imagofagia - AsAECA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to analyze in which way Romania and the United Kingdom have interacted between 1918-1940, at the level of the European security system, in the light of the national security interests. This interaction wasn't carried out in a regular fashion due to the fact that the United Kingdom, as one of the world's greatest powers, had much more complex interests, the East-European space being for London a region where negotiation involving economic and political influence could be carried out with the other top world players. However, during the interbellum period, bilateral relationships have been created, as well as political and economic cooperation projects. Also, the military plan hasn't been neglected, considering that by the end of the 3rd decade; a mutual vision has been reached, about guaranteeing security in the Black Sea Region, through Romanian-English initiatives. Historical research of documents (general papers, archives) shows us a winding collaboration between the intelligence services from general actions, breaching the Soviet and German space, to banning the British secret services on the Romanian territory between 1939 and 1940. This happened because, as World War II started, the British and Romanian strategic interests have begun to falter, Romania's natural resources and especially its oil industry becoming a sore spot in the relationship between the two states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Russia, there are all conditions for the development and construction of wind turbines systems to generate carbon free electricity. Cheap factors are the projected rise in demand for energy, the climatic conditions and the use of existing wind power on the large Russian territory. In the manufacture of pipes, the Russian oil industry and mechanical engineering industry have a modern state of the art and technology. The development of wind turbines systems can promote the oil industry in the power supply of new oil fields and the engineering industry in the development of wind energy systems.

In the article the main problems of development of world oil processing in the conditions of cyclic development of world economy are generalized. The regional structure of world oil processing is estimated, the main tendencies of its modern development are revealed. The main changes which have happened in branch in the last decades are shown.

The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 guaranteed everyone a healthy and ecologically balanced environment. And for this it is necessary that any human activity, especially industrial, that interfere in the environment be controlled. Solid waste configures itself as a major component of the environmental impacts produced by industrial activities. For this reason, they need to be monitored and controlled throughout its production. The oil industry is classified as highly polluting, and one reason for this categorization is the generation of solid waste. This study aims at conducting an analysis of the National Solid Waste Policy in Brazil, published in 2010, and the adequacy of the oil industry as to its content. The methodology used was a literature review for a survey of the environmental legal framework applicable in this subject, and afterward environmental laws applied to the case were compared and analyzed for consistency and legality; finally, from the data explained in IBAMA’s Technical Note regarding the solid waste produced by the oil industry, omissions and inconsistencies were pointed to the current model of sustainable development adopted by the CF/88. Thus, we can see that an alignment is required within Brazilian standards, as well as meeting the requirements of the oil industry on the solid waste produced in this industrial activity.

The decrease in the economic activity level around the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic spread has led to a sharp decrease in the crude oil price and provoked an oil war outbreak in the global energy market. The current situation has provoked the need for a total decrease in the crude oil production in the world. Considering that Russia is one of the main oil exporters on the world market, the need to determine the supply and demand levels for Russian oil is becoming relevant. The aim of the paper is to model predictive scenarios of Russian oil industry development, considering the specifics of the current economic environment given the COVID-19 pandemic. The multifactor correlation modeling method was used to form the system of indicators determining the level of demand and supply for Russian oil used and the total level of their influence. The functions determine the probability of implementing various scenarios of oil industry development depending on the predicted values of demand and supply. The three-sigma rule and the fuzzy sets method were used to estimate three scenarios of oil industry development for 2020–2021. Changes in revenues of the industry under the influence of forecast indicators of supply and demand for oil have been assessed and the probability of implementation of each of the scenarios has been reasoned. The results obtained are of a practical nature and can be used by government agencies, financial intermediaries, and scientists to diagnose Russian oil industry development. The results will be useful for oil companies to develop a strategy of open innovations for further design of the scientific information field for the effective functioning of the industry in complete uncertainty conditions.

In the early days of the petroleum industry, oil infrastructure had a short lifespan. Individuals were creating their own company and competing with others, without the financial means of current great companies. Many oil facilities were established in port cities like Dunkirk, because they were the entrance gates to many nations. In the case of Dunkirk, many former oil sites became houses and schools in the current urban tissue, and official records lost track of many others. The limited data available on official records to inform the people on the pollution of their soil is a threat to their safety and health, and an obstacle for the planning strategies of public authorities. The analysis of archival documents, past and present aerial pictures, paintings and mapping techniques related to geographic information systems (GIS) can reveal lost industrial sites, and thus indicate potential pollution. This paper investigates the oil history of Dunkirk as a background for its petroleum history and its transferability to other petroleum related cities. A cross analysis of sources will attempt to complete French files and locate oil sites. The objective is to illustrate the transformation of former oil sites, and why the current land use is often not compatible with its history.

Oil wealth can foster social inequality if not properly managed. This is due to the migration of production factors from different economic activities to the oil sector. As a result, unemployment, poverty, political instability, a reduction in development, among other undesirable effects on society, may arise. With that in mind, this research evaluates the government’s role in the socioeconomic development of the oil producing municipalities in Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), the largest onshore producer in Brazil. The research uses panel regression as it allows broad analyses of the space and time dimensions to be performed. In addition, it relies on statistical testing at all stages to make the research analysis more appropriate and consistent. The proposed model revealed better socioeconomic development indicators in municipalities where the local Government made public savings as reserve funds. Furthermore, the results show that appropriate public savings management allows municipal governments to design public policies to provide future generations with socioeconomic benefits, in line with the purpose of royalties.

Timbal atau Plumbum (Pb) bersifat toksik, karsinogenik, bioakumulator dan biomagnifikasi. Bioakumulasi Timbal dari media lingkungan dapat terjadi pada kuku, hati, dan rambut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian bioindikator timbal rambut masyarakat di kawasan industri minyak. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau. Rancangan penelitian khusus pencemaran lingkungan 2012 adalah type- 1 health study, yang disarankan US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drugs Registry (ATSDR). Analisis statistik bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat. Populasi penelitian adalah penduduk Kota Dumai yang tinggal di desa Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari, dan Bukit Timah. Sejumlah 110 ibu rumah tangga diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi, responden berusia antara 17 – 55 tahun dan telah tinggal minimal selama lima tahun terakhir. Kriteria ekslusi sedang menderita penyakit kronis. Hasil analisis dari enam parameter media lingkungan menunjukkan ada empat parameter berisiko mencemari, tetapi belum bermakna antara parameter lingkungan dan kejadian timbal rambut dengan nilai p > 0,05. Odds Ratio (OR) terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 1,5 dan terkecil makanan atau minuman dan tanah 1,13. Proporsi risiko terbesar ditunjukkan oleh parameter ikan sebesar 33,3% dan terkecil parameter makanan atau minuman 10%. Telah terjadi penanggulangan risiko untuk parameter air minum dan air permukaan dengan nilai p < 0,05. Bioindicator of Lead Contamination in Hair of People around Oil Refinery Lead or Plumbum (Pb) is toxic, carcinogenic, bioaccumulator and biomagnification. Lead bioaccumulation of environmental media may occur in liver, nails and hair. The study objective was to find out the risk of lead bioindicator occurence in hair of people living in oil industry area. The study was conducted in 2012 in Dumai City, Riau Province. The study design is a type-1 health study, suggested the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Drug Registry (ATSDR). The statistical analysis was bivariate using chi-square test. The population was Dumai City dwellers who lived in the village Jayamukti, Tanjung Palas, Mekarsari and Bukit Timah. A total of 110 housewives were taken by purposive sampling technique. Inclusion, respondents aged between 17 – 55 years old and have lived for five years at minimum. Exclusion criteria was those suffering cronic disease. Analysis results of six parameters of environmental media there were four parameters, had risk of contaminating but not significant between environmental parameters and the lead occurence in hair with p value > 0.05. Tbe biggest odd ratio (OR) was showed by fish parameter worth 1.5 and the smallest was food or beverage and land worth 1.13. The biggest proportion was showed by fish parameter of 33.3 % and the smallest food or beverage 10 %.There has been a reduction of risk for the parameters of drinking water and surface water with p value < 0.05.

There is no doubt that any policy – making in oil industry will be closely tied to property rights. In the meantime, in the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD), as one of the most important approaches in the law and economics field, on one hand, like other institutional schools, any explanation of property rights is provided to responding of what the property rights is and knowing of owners, and in other hand, in policy- making subject, it emphasize on the understanding of the issues of any economic environment. So, by one interdisciplinary research based on law, economics and policy- making, we can say, policy- making in property rights of oil industry in Iran, that rents and privileges distribution in this industry depend on it, is subjected to proper reading of what property rights is and understanding of the property rights issues in the context of oil industry. For this reason, in this research, by analytical method and based on IAD Capacities, in addition to explanation of property rights situation in oil industry of Iran in the upstream and downstream sectors, it is tried to suggest a model of the property rights issues in the oil industry of Iran. As will be seen, by the interaction of sets of institutional and non-institutional variables, property rights situation is formed due to 13 specified path, that explain the property rights issues in oil industry of Iran and so, any policy – making in the property rights needs to focus on this thirteen’s path.

There is a growing need for the integration of environmental management into Human Resource Management (HRM) practices; such effort is known as Green HRM initiatives. The aim of this study is to identify barriers of green human resource management in Iran's oil industry. For this purpose, mixed method has been used. In the article, existing literature was examined and questions were designed and 12 experts of international oil industry were interviewed. The aim of these interviews was to design questionnaire and collects the necessary information. To examine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach alpha coefficient was equal to 0.732, which validated the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaires were shared among 31 members of oil's experts and HR managers. The results of the study have shown that the lack of comprehensive plan to implement green HRM and ambiguous of green values were in the highest level and they were considered as the most important barriers. Furthermore, staff resistance had the lowest importance.

This article focuses on the extant corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. The oil and gas sector of Nigeria has been beset by a lot of problems not limited to violence, kidnappings, eco-terrorism, and maladministration amongst others. One way of curing the inherent problems is the use of CSR by many oil multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Nigeria. This article focuses on the Chinese oil firms operating in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria and investigates if they operate on the same basis as the Western firms. It seeks to determine whether the variants of CSR practised by non-Western firms in Nigeria have had negative or positive impacts in the oil and gas industry especially with China’s contribution to Nigerian economy.

The state of Rio de Janeiro has become a hub for oil and gas production and infrastructure since Brazil entered the global oil market in the 2000s. Observers have anticipated increasing tensions between environmental activists and oil companies. These predictions have not been fulfilled, despite increasing evidence of environmental degradation caused by oil production. What could be hindering environmental mobilization in defense of the environment and affected populations and against the unrestrained expansion of oil infrastructure in the state? A longitudinal case study of environmental activism in defense of the Guanabara Bay ecosystem suggests that answers must consider the combined effects of democratization, political and regulatory decentralization, and neoliberal reforms on socioenvironmental activism—specifically, its weakening as civil society organizations confront increasing burdens of participation in policy making, deeply fragmented institutional and regulatory frameworks for environmental governance, and the expansion of opportunities to engage in collaborative arrangements with corporations.O Estado do Rio de Janeiro tornou-se o centro da infraestrutura e produção de gás e petróleo desde que o Brasil ingressou no mercado internacional de petróleo nos anos 2000. Analistas vêm antecipando crescente tensão entre ativistas ambientais e companhias petrolíferas. Contudo, essas previsões não se concretizaram, não obstante evidência da degradação ambiental que a produção de petróleo vem causando. O que poderia estar impedindo a mobilização em defesa do meio ambiente e populações afetadas, e contra a expansão desmedida da infraestrutura petrolífera no estado? Um estudo de caso longitudinal do ativismo ambiental em defesa dos ecossistemas da Baía de Guanabara sugere que as repostas a essa questão devem considerar os efeitos combinados da democratização, descentralização política e regulatória, e reformas neoliberais no ativismo socioambiental—especificamente, seu enfraquecimento à medida que organizações da sociedade civil confrontam crescentes custos de participação nas políticas públicas, fragmentação de arcabouços regulatórios e institucionais de governança ambiental, e a expansão de oportunidades de engajamento em arranjos colaborativos com corporações. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sociologie du Travail is the property of Association pour le Developpement de la Sociologie du Travail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Petroleum Research & Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This study addresses a real‐life multiship routing and scheduling application with inventory constraints that arises in pickup and delivery operations of different types of crude oil from various offshore oil rigs (platforms) to coastal terminals. Oil transportation largely results from the need to maintain inventories at each supply point (platform) between minimum and maximum levels, considering production rates in these operational points, and to meet demands of different oils in the terminals within the planning time horizon. Routing and scheduling of the available fleet aims to obtain solutions of minimum total costs, subject to various constraints such as the maximum volume of cargo carried on each ship, simultaneous cargo unloading in some terminals, conditions that rule ship docking in offshore platforms and terminal berths, among others. In this research, we modify and extend inventory constrained maritime routing and scheduling models to appropriately represent the problem of a case study at a Brazilian company and to solve small‐to‐moderate instances based on real data. We also present a matheuristic to deal with larger problem instances. Solution evaluation by company experts indicates that the model and this hybrid heuristic properly represent the problem and highlights the potential of their application in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determinants of firm innovativeness are said to be relatively understudied and little is written about firms from the oil industry within the context of African economies. This article attempts to fill that gap by investigating the impact of endogenous factors, particularly the impact of knowledge management practices (KMP) on the technological innovativeness of petroleum firms in Nigeria. Survey data collected from petroleum firms in Nigeria were used to examine the relationship between their technological innovativeness and the KMP engaged by the firms. Our analyses show that in the context of the study, KMP significantly impact the technological innovativeness of firms. The results were largely consistent with extant research on the role of knowledge management on the innovativeness of firms. Our findings provide valuable insights about knowledge as a strategic resource of the firm. Thus, undertaking the relevant KMP will enhance the technological innovativeness of petroleum firms operating in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Gulf of Mexico is considered one of the world's major marine ecosystems, supporting important fisheries and habitats such as barrier islands, mangrove forests, seagrass beds, coral reefs etc. It also hosts a range of complex offshore petroleum exploration, extraction, and refining industries, which may have chronic or acute impacts on ecosystem functioning. Previous work on the marine effects of this activity is geographically incomplete, and has tended to focus on direct hydrocarbon impacts, while impacts from other related contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, salt-rich drilling muds) which may be discharged from oil facilities have not been widely assessed. Here, we examine historical trace element accumulation in marine sediments collected from four sites in the Tamaulipas shelf, Gulf of Mexico, in the area of the Arenque oil field. Dated sediment cores were used to examine the sources, and historical and contemporary inputs, of trace metals (including those typically present in oil industry discharges) and their potential biological impact in the Tamaulipas aquatic environment over the last 100 years. CaO (i.e. biogenic component) normalized data showed increasing V, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Zr and Ba towards the sediment surface in three of the four cores, with Ba and V (based on an adverse effect index) possibly associated with adverse effects on organisms. Dated Ba/CaO profiles show an increase of 30–137% after opening of oil installations in the study area, and can be broadly correlated with increasing oil industry activities across the wider Gulf of Mexico. Data do not record however a clear enhancement of Ba concentration in sediment cores collected near to oil platforms over more distal cores, indicating that any Ba released from drilling platforms is incorporated quickly into the sediments around the drilling sites, and once this element has been deposited its rate of resuspension and mobility is low. Capsule abstract Sediment core data from the Tamaulipas shelf show the influence of oil industry activities on selected trace element concentrations, with Ba/CaO broadly correlating with increasing oil industry activities across the wider Gulf of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing levels of urbanization around the globe has contributed to the loss of agricultural lands in many exurban zones. Loss of agricultural lands, in many cases, worsens poverty levels of smallholder farmers who depend on subsistence farming – an issue that Sustainable Development Goal number one seeks to address. Land use and land cover (LULC) change studies are widely used to monitor human-induced changes in the environment. This study used multi-temporal satellite images and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use/cover changes in Sekondi-Takoradi, over a 30-year period (1986–2016), to understand how recent historical events and economic policies may have contributed to such changes. Our results suggest that the size of urban land area has nearly doubled through the study period to accommodate the constantly increasing population in the metropolis. This has led to a significant reduction in agricultural lands and an almost complete obliteration of standing forest. Policies enacted during the era of structural adjustment program and the current oil industry seem to have been the main drivers of LULC changes in Sekondi-Takoradi. With the prevailing antagonism between urban expansion and agricultural land use activities, our study asserts the need to control urban sprawl. This will be important to prevent loss of lands dedicated to subsistence farming, if complete eradication of poverty as stipulated by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number one will be a realistic goal for the people of Sekondi-Takoradi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Momento: Revista de Física is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on the participatory rights of local people living in the areas of extensive oil industry operations in the Izhemskii district of the Komi Republic in Russia. The district has long been suffering from oil leaks and resulting negative environmental impacts. Lukoil-Komi bought the business directly after the Soviet era and inherited the ecological threats related to old and rusty pipelines. Lukoil-Komi has promised to put things in order, but a great deal remains to be done. This article scrutinizes how statutory law and private governance interact in protecting the participatory rights of local people living in the vicinity of oil production in Komi. First, we evaluate what participatory rights Russian legislation guarantees to local people when oil production arrives in a new area or when new wells are being explored or opened. Second, we elaborate how the major oil company in the region – Lukoil-Komi – fulfills its corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the area of participatory rights and how local people feel about their possibility to exercise their participatory rights. As participatory rights, we discuss both procedural justice with public hearings and distributive justice in the form of benefit-sharing between the company and local community. The wider perspective on participation is due to Russian CSR practices. In Russia, companies tend to earn their Social License to Operate (SLO) through benefit-sharing, often within private governance. This practice is based on the social partnership agreements between authorities and companies. These contracts have path-dependent features resembling earlier Soviet solutions. The same can be claimed to apply to a wider SLO with more focus on local communities. We argue that Lukoil-Komi has not yet been able to achieve an SLO (local acceptance) due to the lack of participatory rights and continuing environmental problems. Most local people are not willing to trade a clean environment and participatory rights for the social benefits the company offers. However, the social partnership agreement concluded between Lukoil-Komi and a local NGO, Izvatas, could be a step forward in achieving a local SLO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil, petroleum fuel and oil products represent most environmental contaminant of soil and the common sources of these products are motor fuel station underground storage tanks, home and commercial heating oil storage tanks, fuel distribution centers, refineries, crude oil production sites, and accidental spills. The main target of this paper is the study of the critical soil pollutants in a Romanian refinery area where soil pollution with petroleum products is one of the main sources of soil contamination. The methodology of study is measuring and monitoring of the pollutants and codify soil pollution profile. The chemical analysis of the crude oil-contaminated site included different groups of contaminants: PAHs, BTEX compounds, and heavy metals determined in the soil samples from the investigated area. The analytical procedure to measure petroleum contaminants and the heavy metal concentrations was performed according to standard methods in force: SR ISO 13877:1999, ISO 22155:2011 SR ISO 11047:1999 and ISO 20280:2007, and with the appropriate equipment. The results are shown that there is a plenty of pollutants in the critical situation and higher than standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has to date been no in-depth analysis of the way in which industrial relations practices - in particular labor agreements - diffuse vertically through an organization and horizontally through an economy. This is despite the titles of empirical research in this area. This process of diffusion however, is both an important and yet neglected area of theory. The theory of the diffusion of innovations can be applied to the empirical findings here and encompasses several previous studies: it thus enables a more thorough investigation of the way in which changes in industrial relations are promulgated both within and between organizations. This paper presents evidence of such a diffusion of innovation effect in the oil sector of the UK economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]