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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen (ZIB) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We study positive solutions to the one-dimensional generalized double phase problems of the form: −(a(t)φp(u′)+b(t)φq(u′))′=λh(t)f(u),t∈(0,1),u(0)=0=u(1),\left\{\begin{array}{l}-(a\left(t){\varphi }_{p}\left(u^{\prime} )+b\left(t){\varphi }_{q}\left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} =\lambda h\left(t)f\left(u),\hspace{1em}t\in \left(0,1),\\ u\left(0)=0=u\left(1),\end{array}\right. where 1

In this article, we consider the upper critical Choquard equation with a local perturbation −Δu=λu+(Iα∗∣u∣p)∣u∣p−2u+μ∣u∣q−2u,x∈RN,u∈H1(RN),∫RN∣u∣2=a,\left\{\begin{array}{l}-\Delta u=\lambda u+\left({I}_{\alpha }\ast | u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{p})| u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{p-2}u+\mu | u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{q-2}u,\hspace{1em}x\in {{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},\\ u\in {H}^{1}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}),\hspace{1em}{\displaystyle \int }_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}}| u\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{2}=a,\end{array}\right. where N≥3N\ge 3, μ>0\mu \gt 0, a>0a\gt 0, λ∈R\lambda \in {\mathbb{R}}, α∈(0,N)\alpha \in \left(0,N), p=p¯≔N+αN−2p=\bar{p}:= \frac{N+\alpha }{N-2}, q∈2,2+4Nq\in \left(2,2+\frac{4}{N}\right), and Iα=C∣x∣N−α{I}_{\alpha }=\frac{C}{| x{| }^{N-\alpha }} with C>0C\gt 0. When μaq(1−γq)2≤(2K)qγq−2p¯2(p¯−1)\mu {a}^{\tfrac{q\left(1-{\gamma }_{q})}{2}}\le {\left(2K)}^{\tfrac{q{\gamma }_{q}-2\bar{p}}{2\left(\bar{p}-1)}} with γq=N2−Nq{\gamma }_{q}=\frac{N}{2}-\frac{N}{q} and KK being some positive constant, we prove (1)Existence and orbital stability of the ground states.(2)Existence, positivity, radial symmetry, exponential decay, and orbital instability of the “second class” solutions. This article generalized and improved parts of the results obtained for the Schrödinger equation.

Lightning activity over an 18-year period between 2005 and 2022 recorded by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) in a 25° × 25° area of the Congo Basin is analyzed. In addition, data from the Lightning Imager Sensor (LIS) is used: between 2005 and 2014 from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and between 2018 and 2022 from the International Space Station (ISS). This duration makes it possible to consider an examination of the climatological trend of lightning in a context of strong global warming. The interannual evolution of the lightning activity on a global scale and at different time and space scales shows that the number of lightning flashes detected is significantly correlated with the average multiplicity (determination coeffcient of 0.92). Thus, this evolution can be mainly explained by variations in the detection efficiency of the WWLLN network. The study area is divided into five zonal bands of 5° latitude and their contributions to the annual global lightning activity are analyzed over the whole period: (i) lightning activity increases in the two bands north of the equator; (ii) lightning activity shows small variations in the most active band south of the equator; (iii) lightning activity decreases in the two southernmost bands. The maximum proportion of lightning on the scale of the small areas (5° × 5°) is found in the first southern zonal band (between 5°S and 0°), entirely at the annual scale and in 60% of cases at the seasonal scale. In DJF and MAM, this proportion is near 100%, while it is more scattered in the two northern zonal bands in 94% of cases in JJA. The local maximum density of flashes is in the same area every year. • The lightning activity recorded by the WWLLN in the Congo Basin over an 18-year period between 2005 and 2022 is analyzed. • The annual number of flashes is highly correlated with the average multiplicity, which means the strong interannual variability is mainly explained by variations in the detection efficiency. • The annual proportion of the lightning activity in the zonal bands 5° latitude wide shows different trends: increase in both bands north of equator, stability in the most active band below the equator, and decrease in the two most southern bands. • The maximum proportion of lightning at the scale of the small areas (5° × 5°) is found in the first southern zonal band (between 5°S and 0°), entirely on the annual scale and in 60% of cases on the season scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a preliminary neutron dose rate estimation method for a neutron multiplicity detector through measurement- and simulation-based analyses. Uncharacterized neutron-emitting sources may be encountered in situations such as nuclear emergency response, safeguards, and treaty verification. These circumstances may present irradiation risk to personnel conducting field assay, search, and characterization measurements. It is therefore of interest to provide a field neutron dosimetry capability with the existing neutron multiplicity counting (NMC) capabilities. To date, no commercially-available neutron detection systems are capable of both accurate NMC and real-time neutron dosimetry. This work will focus on estimating dose rate using input from a single fielded NMC called the MC-15. The energy-dependent neutron detection efficiency response of the MC-15 was quantified in monoenergetic neutron simulations and evaluated in response to two neutron-emitting sources and to a polyethylene-moderated source. The results were compared to existing neutron dosimeters and established the proof of concept for further investigation of the MC-15 for dose estimation. Measurement results were also replicated in simulations; additional simulations were then conducted to expand upon the limited empirical data. The initial empirical results provided a conversion factor appropriate for use when measuring 252Cf neutrons that is independent of polyethylene shielding presence and thickness. The simulated data sets were then used to evaluate a fit equation allowing estimation of the neutron dose rate for less restricted geometric configurations and dependent only on the distance between the source and the detector. Additionally, the energy dependence of the efficiency response indicates that further empirical evaluations could provide energy-dependent conversion factors for broader neutron dosimetry capabilities with a wider range of neutron-emitting sources. • Response function similarity to a calibrated dosimeter used for dose estimation. • MC-15 response functions indicate possible energy deconvolution. • Model accuracy supports response characterization for empirical validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of globalization and diversity in the United Arab Emirates, the post-oil generation of Emiratis face unique challenges in navigating their cultural and national identities. Previously published research and scholarly works have engaged in complex discourse around Emirati identities, describing them as a population with similar genealogical backgrounds, ancestry, history, and cultural values. However, the element of heterogeneity among Emiratis remains highly under-examined. This research paper will examine the experiences of Emiratis with dual identities in the UAE, investigating their perceptions, attitudes, and narratives on being labeled as the “other” by their compatriots; exploring the spaces where hybrid Emiratis, locally known as “halfies”, choose to reveal and conceal their multiplicity. In order to examine this complex socio-cultural phenomenon, semi-structured interviews with twenty Emiratis with twin identities were employed for this empirical study. The examination of the interviews uncovered the difficulties that individuals with mixed heritage encounter, as well as their strategies for overcoming these obstacles in order to find acceptance in a society that values a shared national identity. The research findings contribute to the scholarship of Emirati identity construction.

Vehicle make and model recognition (VMMR) is an important aspect of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In VMMR systems, surveillance cameras capture vehicle images for real-time vehicle detection and recognition. These captured images pose challenges, including shadows, reflections, changes in weather and illumination, occlusions, and perspective distortion. Another significant challenge in VMMR is the multiclass classification. This scenario has two main categories: (a) multiplicity and (b) ambiguity. Multiplicity concerns the issue of different forms among car models manufactured by the same company, while the ambiguity problem arises when multiple models from the same manufacturer have visually similar appearances or when vehicle models of different makes have visually comparable rear/front views. This paper introduces a novel and robust VMMR model that can address the above-mentioned issues with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed hybrid CNN model selects the best descriptive fine-grained features with the help of Fisher Discriminative Least Squares Regression (FDLSR). These features are extracted from a deep CNN model fine-tuned on the fine-grained vehicle datasets Stanford-196 and BoxCars21k. Using ResNet-152 features, our proposed model outperformed the SVM and FC layers in accuracy by 0.5% and 4% on Stanford-196 and 0.4 and 1% on BoxCars21k, respectively. Moreover, this model is well-suited for small-scale fine-grained vehicle datasets.

In ontology, a fundamental philosophical discipline, the term "existence" has a central role. Taking into account frequent misunderstandings and lack of discernment between a concept and its objective example in philosophical discussions on various issues, and real implications in reaching conclusions and giving answers to those questions, this paper tries to offer solutions put forward by Islamic philosophers, regarding the concept of "existence" and its connections with the objective example of existence as well as the innovations they came up with in this area of philosophical and ontological discussion.

In present paper, several conditions ensuring existence of three distinct solutions of a system of over-determined Fredholm fractional integro-differential equations on time scales are derived. Variational methods are utilized in the proofs.

By focusing on the shifts brought about by the formulation of different modes of existence, this article explores the gesture posed by Etienne Souriau’s philosophy. Starting from questions such as: What does it change for the multitude of existences to be named in this way? What difference does it make? The question here will be to address the necessity of such a pluralist ontology with regard to our contemporaneity. The challenge is to understand the necessity of such a formula, to draw the problematic threads that allow us to situate this necessity in a larger set of questions, or rather, ways of asking them.

As an avid reader of the academic journal Recherches germaniques since 1977, I would like, on its fiftieth anniversary, to look back at the context surrounding my discovery of the Journal through its issue n.7. My contribution will then underline the originality of the themes addressed in the Varia and the Special Issues and show how they have enriched my life during all these years, both from personally and professionally standpoint. I have therefore chosen a few major themes, ranging from medieval studies to poetry, art, philosophy, etc. and highlight their erudition, relevance and interest for a Germanist or a Germanophile of today.

In this article, we devote ourselves to investigate the following logarithmic Schrödinger–Poisson systems with singular nonlinearity \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u+\phi u= |u|^{p-2}u\log|u|+\frac{\lambda}{u^\gamma}, &\rm \mathrm{in}\ \Omega, \\ -\Delta \phi=u^{2}, &\rm \mathrm{in}\ \Omega, \\ u=\phi=0, &\rm \mathrm{on}\ \partial\Omega, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $\Omega$ $\subset$ $\mathbb{R}^3$ is a smooth bounded domain with boundary $\partial\Omega$, $00$ is a real parameter. By using the critical point theory for nonsmooth functional and variational method, the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions are established.

As an unforeseen pandemic disturbs our livelihoods and forces us to change our boundaries, small talks arise and disperse in fleeting moments within and beyond physical perimeters. The notion of singular truth (metanarrative : Lyotard 1984) has evidently been overridden in this time. Small stories (Bamberg 2004, 2006; Georgakopoulou 2006; 2007) are heavily embedded as part of the trajectory of social interactions. As fragments of talk-in-interactions, they are recontextualised and reaffirmed as narratives along multiple threads of conversations across time. Presented in this article is a microstudy implementing the lens of small stories on communication activities taking place among members of a specific location-based community. This is a part of the ongoing PhD research on bottom-up community organisation through the alignment of community-specific narratives and positioning of socially engaged art practitioners. The microstudy on communal conversations on an instant messaging app looks into how multiple realities are reconfigured by virtue of multiple tellers and modes of telling.

After the Brexit vote and the election of Donald Trump, a widespread perception emerged that the world was witnessing a crisis of liberal democracy. Not surprisingly, said crisis is at the core of a new batch of political science literature. This review article takes stock of some key contributions to the literature, namely Albright (2018), Levitsky and Ziblatt (2018), Norris and Inglehart (2018), Runciman (2018a) and Eatwell and Goodwin (2018). My key argument is that the reviewed books are fundamentally limited by problematic ontological assumptions stemming from artificial disciplinary boundaries. Privileging either individual traits of authoritarian leaders or the very specific experience of the USA or the UK, they fail to capture varied, yet deeply interconnected international expressions of contemporary authoritarianism. Following Justin Rosenberg's open invitation to place the concept of multiplicity at the centre of a renewed research agenda, I suggest that a more holistic take on the crisis of democracy requires a renewed attention to inter-societal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a class of nonlinear fractional Schrödinger–Poisson system as follows: (- Δ) α u + λ V (x) u + G (x) ϕ u = f (x , u) , x ∈ R 3 , (- Δ) α ϕ = G (x) K α u 2 , x ∈ R 3 , where α ∈ (0 , 1) , K α = π - α Γ (α) π - (3 - 2 α) / 2 Γ ((3 - 2 α) / 2) , V ∈ C (R 3) is a potential well, G ∈ L ∞ (R 3) is nonnegative and f ∈ C (R 3 × R) satisfies the sublinear condition in R 3 . By using variational methods and the genus properties in critical point theory, we study the existence and multiplicity of negative energy solutions for the above system. Moreover, the concentration of solutions is also explored on the set V - (0) as λ → ∞ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The telescopic numerical semigroups are a subclass of symmetric numerical semigroups widely used in algebraic geometric codes. Suer and Ilhan gave the classification of triply generated telescopic numerical semigroups up to multiplicity 10 and by using this classification they computed some important invariants in terms of the minimal system of generators. In this article, we extend the results of Suer and Ilhan for telescopic numerical semigroups of multiplicities 8 and 12 with embedding dimension four. Furthermore, we compute two important invariants namely the Frobenius number and genus for these classes in terms of the minimal system of generators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions for a system of fractional differential equations with ρ -Laplacian operators, Riemann–Liouville derivatives of diverse orders and general nonlinearities which depend on several fractional integrals of differing orders, supplemented with nonlocal coupled boundary conditions containing Riemann–Stieltjes integrals and varied fractional derivatives. The nonlinearities from the system are continuous nonnegative functions and they can be singular in the time variable. We write equivalently this problem as a system of integral equations, and then we associate an operator for which we are looking for its fixed points. The main results are based on the Guo–Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem of cone expansion and compression of norm type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature, parametrizations are given for Arf numerical semigroups with small multiplicity and arbitrary conductor. From those parametrizations, formulas are obtained for the number of such Arf numerical semigroups. These formulas show that the number of Arf numerical semigroups with multiplicity 3, 5 or 7 and arbitrary conductor depends only on the congruence class of the conductor modulo the multiplicity. In a recent work with S. İlhan and M. Süer, observing that the same is true for Arf numerical semigroups with multiplicity 11 and 13, we asked if that was true for Arf numerical semigroups with arbitrary prime multiplicity. In the present work this question is answered affirmatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group sequential design (GSD) is widely used in clinical trials in which correlated tests of multiple hypotheses are used. Multiple primary objectives resulting in tests with known correlations include evaluating (1) multiple experimental treatment arms, (2) multiple populations, (3) the combination of multiple arms and multiple populations, or (4) any asymptotically multivariate normal tests. In this paper, we focus on the first three of these and extend the framework of the weighted parametric multiple test procedure from fixed designs with a single analysis per objective to a GSD setting where different objectives may be assessed at the same or different times, each in a group sequential fashion. Pragmatic methods for design and analysis of weighted parametric group sequential design under closed testing procedures are proposed to maintain the strong control of the family‐wise Type I error rate when correlations between tests are incorporated. This results in the ability to relax testing bounds compared to designs not fully adjusting for known correlations, increasing power, or allowing decreased sample size. We illustrate the proposed methods using clinical trial examples and conduct a simulation study to evaluate the operating characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study positive solutions to classes of steady state reaction diffusion systems of the form: { − Δ u = λ f (v) ; Ω − Δ v = λ g (u) ; Ω ∂ u ∂ η + λ u = 0 ; ∂ Ω ∂ v ∂ η + λ v = 0 ; ∂ Ω where λ > 0 is a positive parameter, Ω is a bounded domain in R N ; N > 1 with smooth boundary ∂ Ω or Ω = (0 , 1) , ∂ z ∂ η is the outward normal derivative of z. Here f , g ∈ C 2 [ 0 , r) ∩ C [ 0 , ∞) for some r > 0. Further, we assume that f and g are increasing functions such that f (0) = 0 = g (0) , f ′ (0) = g ′ (0) = 1 , f ″ (0) > 0 , g ″ (0) > 0 , and lim s → ∞ f (M g (s)) s = 0 for all M > 0. Under certain additional assumptions on f and g we prove that the bifurcation diagram for positive solutions of this system is at least Σ − shaped. We also discuss an example where f is sublinear at ∞ and g is superlinear at ∞ which satisfy our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of multiple nontrivial nonnegative weak solutions to a coupled system of elliptic PDEs. The existence of solutions in the Nehari manifold is proved. The Lusternik-Schnirelman category is used to prove the existence of at least cat(Ω)+1 number of solutions, where Ω is a bounded domain in which the problem is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although psychology's recent crisis has been attributed to various scientific practices, it has come to be called a "replication crisis," prompting extensive appraisals of this putatively crucial scientific practice. These have yielded disagreements over what kind of replication is to be preferred and what phenomena are being explored, yet the proposals are all grounded in a conventional philosophy of science. This article proposes another avenue that invites moving beyond a discovery metaphor of science to rethink research as enabling realities and to consider how empirical findings enact or perform a reality. An enactment perspective appreciates multiple, dynamic realities and science as producing different entities, enactments that ever encounter differences, uncertainties, and precariousness. The axioms of an enactment perspective are described and employed to more fully understand the two kinds of replication that predominate in the crisis disputes. Although the enactment perspective described here is a relatively recent development in philosophy of science and science studies, some of its core axioms are not new to psychology, and the article concludes by revisiting psychologists' previous calls to apprehend the dynamism of psychological reality to appreciate how scientific practices actively and unavoidably participate in performativity of reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many circumstances where multiple, autonomous actors exist, cooperation is only a viable strategy if other actors also pursue a strategy of cooperation. Such situations can be characterised in terms of the Stag Hunt, based on a parable told by Rousseau. Although traditionally interpreted as a device for understanding how mutually beneficial cooperation can emerge, Harrison Wagner points out that would-be exploiters must overcome similar problems to succeed at subjugating others. Successful cooperation may have the ironic consequence of enabling deeper conflict within and between a multiplicity of societies. Despite its canonical status, the importance of the Stag Hunt for understanding the interaction between multiple societies may have been underestimated. Nonetheless, rational choice theory alone cannot explain how cooperation-for-predation became established, while historical sociology's conventional 'materialist metanarrative' of the origin of war and the state may have unduly neglected the role of gender relations. The phenomenon of men's secret societies, found in many stateless societies, indicates that fraternal solidarity within coalitions of men competing to control women's labour and bodies may provide a path to the nucleation of warlike states. If this is correct, it becomes clear that in many societies, men and women experience multiplicity in qualitatively different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the portrayal by French policy-makers of the so-called Islamic State 'foreign fighters'. I provide an in-depth analysis of the discursive construction of these 'foreign fighters' as different and detached from the (French) Self. I do so through a questioning of the notion of multiplicity, revealing how it exists precariously and the consequences this precariousness has on the notion itself. First, multiplicity emerges in 'strange' places as identities are being remodelled through new combinations. Second, the coexistence implied by multiplicity needs to be complexified to account for the way it helps preserve but also sometimes erase difference (and thus multiplicity itself). Finally, because of the precariousness of multiplicity, unexpected outcomes can be produced by the encounter with difference (such as the policy of non-repatriation of the 'foreign fighters'). Overall, multiplicity can be usefully questioned by looking at these instances of instability and doubt. As such, this article shares the concerns expressed by critical scholars that multiplicity recreates problematic distinctions between inside and outside. As a response, my analysis contributes to an understanding of multiplicity as always in the making, revealing how various discursive strategies are used to temporarily and imperfectly stabilise boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text introduces the Special Issue on Multiplicity. It sets out the broad research programme of Multiplicity, considers some criticisms that have been made of this programme and then summarises the contributions to the Special Issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While disciplinary identities are among the most fraught subjects in academia, much less attention has been given to what disciplinarity actually entails and what risks different disciplinary strategies involve. This article sets out a theory of disciplinarity that recognises not only their coercive but also their redeeming features, particularly in view of the coexistence of multiple competing disciplines and powerful transdisciplinary movements (such as rationalism). On this basis it identifies four disciplinary strategies and each is assessed in relation to the future of IR: (1) remaining a subdiscipline of Political Science ('stay put'), (2) becoming an interdisciplinary field ('reach out'), (3) dissolving into transdisciplinarity or abolishing IR ('burn down'), or (4) establishing IR as a discipline in its own right ('break out'). Rejecting the false choice of disciplinary constraint versus epistemic freedom, this framework allows IR and other subfields to more consciously consider a range of disciplinary strategies and to entertain the risks and affordances they each offer. The article concludes that a future independent discipline focused on the implications of 'the international' not just for politics but all fields – including disciplinarity – would make for a broader, more diverse IR, ultimately also better able to engage other disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kraftwerk are widely recognised as one of the most important groups in the history of popular music – and for (West) German national identity in the 20th century. They have been labelled as both typically German and thoroughly cosmopolitan, but, rather than being paradoxical (as some have claimed), this tension reveals an under-explored international politics at work. Using the emerging approach of Multiplicity, I illuminate Kraftwerk's international dimensions to develop the insight that all societies are inter-societal and all nations international. The article thus intervenes into an ongoing debate in International Political Sociology (IPS) that has seen calls to abandon 'the international' in favour of 'the global'. In practice, this would also ignore 'the national' which, as Cultural Studies scholarship on Kraftwerk and recent sociological work shows, remains an important mode of meaning-making. Yet these same literatures dismiss cosmopolitanism or afford no constitutive role to the international, meaning they slide back into methodological nationalism. Using Multiplicity, I address both the national and the cosmopolitan elements of societal identity and suggest a newly co-ontological conception of identity and difference for International Relations (IR). Sketching Kraftwerk's genesis, innovations, inspirations, influence and importance, I thus illuminate the inter-national politics of the musical 're-birth of Germany'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gilles Deleuze usually articulates his philosophical problems through the reading of other philosophers. Given this matter, he typically emphasizes a concept in a philosopher’s thought which might not seem crucial at the first glance. The concept of Expression, developed by Deleuze based on his reading of Spinoza in Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza, is one of these concepts, which is broad and multifaceted. The present paper investigates this concept considering the relationship between unity and multiplicity. So, it is the logical aspect of the concept of expression which has been discussed here. This article attempts to show how Deleuze brings the “logic of expression” into play to reject the priority of unity over multiplicity and vice versa and establish an immanent relation between them. For this purpose, first, the distinction of three elements of this logic has been described. These elements are: “what expresses itself”, “expression”, and “what is expressed”. Then it is shown how these three elements can only be considered by each other, in such a way that none of them will have priority over the other. To do so, this correlation is explained in three different ways: Firstly, every two elements of this logic can be distinguished only in respect of the third element. Secondly, since "expression" has a genetic role in the constitution of the essence of "what expresses itself", therefore "what is expressed" can only exist in "expression". Thirdly, according to the “rule of convertibility” that Deleuze takes from Spinoza, the object and the essence of the object have a reciprocal relationship, and for this reason, all three elements of the expression are correlated. The next part of the article elucidates the relationship between the concepts of unity and multiplicity by considering this correlation. Since "expression" is the multiplicity aspect of the logic of expression and "what expresses itself" is its unity and both are connected to "what is expressed", Therefore, unity and multiplicity will be mutual concepts. This interdependence of multiplicity and unity defines the concept of “immanence” according to Deleuze. Considering this logic, the last part of the article reconstructs Deleuze's interpretation of Spinoza's concepts of absolute substance and real distinction of attributes in an analytical way, to concretely reveal an example of the critical and transformative consequences of this logic. For this purpose, by assuming the logic of expression and the immanent relation of unity and multiplicity, it is shown that the understanding of the multiplicity of attributes requires the idea of an absolutely infinite substance and that the idea of substance requires the multiplicity of attributes that express its essence. so that in Deleuze's reading of Spinoza, neither attributes can be conceived without absolute substance, nor absolute substance can be conceived without infinite attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to show that for the class of standard graded fiber product rings, the lower and upper bounds of the Multiplicity conjecture can be improved. In certain cases, explicit formulas for the multiplicity of the graded fiber product ring are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the last decade, there has been an effervescence of transnational scholarship on Afro-Indigeneity and the related concept of Black Indigeneity. In part a response to the widespread tendency to imagine Blackness and Indigeneity as discrete identities, several contemporary Black and Indigenous Studies scholars have reframed each identity and field of study as relational, mutually constitutive, and in many cases, overlapping. The intertwined history and present of Blackness and Indigeneity are perhaps nowhere more evident than on the Caribbean coast of Central America, where multiple populations of Black and non-Black Indigenous peoples have not only coexisted since the inception of modernity but have also engaged in sustained, interconnected struggles for social, cultural, and political autonomy. Anchored in conversation with recent interventions in Black and Indigenous Studies and in ethnographic research in Caribbean Central America, this collaborative essay reflects on the multiple, varied, and overlapping iterations of Black, Indigenous, and Black Indigenous identities along Central America's Caribbean coast. Employing the experiences of Garinagu and Creoles in Belize and Caribbean Nicaragua as case studies, the essay makes the case for a regional conception of Black Indigeneity based not on primordial or biological conceptions of Indigenous identity but on a historically contingent process of social and political identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is concerned with the following singularly perturbed fractional double-phase problem with unbalanced growth and competing potentials ϵ ps (- Δ) p s u + ϵ qs (- Δ) q s u + V (x) (| u | p - 2 u + | u | q - 2 u) = W (x) g (u) , in R N , u ∈ W s , p (R N) ∩ W s , q (R N) , u > 0 , in R N , where s ∈ (0 , 1) , 2 ≤ p < q < N s , (- Δ) t s , with t ∈ { p , q } , is the fractional t-Laplacian operator, ϵ > 0 is a small parameter, V is the absorption potential, W is the reaction potential and g is the reaction term with subcritical growth. Assume that the potentials V, W, and the nonlinearity g satisfy some natural conditions, applying topological and variational methods, we establish the existence and concentration phenomena of positive solutions for ϵ > 0 sufficiently small as well as the multiplicity result depended on the topology of the set where V attains its global minimum and W attains its global maximum. Finally, we also obtain the nonexistence result of ground state solutions under suitable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to explore molecular measures of P. falciparum malaria burden (FOI and MOI) in the context of seasonal malaria chemoprevention. We analyzed malaria cases collected as part of a longitudinal cohort study. The cohort included P. falciparum -negative children aged 1.5 to 12, as confirmed by PCR 21 days after a radical cure using DHA-PQ or AS. Children were followed up for six months using active and passive case detection methods. At each visit, dried blood spots and blood smears were collected by finger prick, along with clinical data. Parasite DNA was extracted and analyzed by nested PCR for detection and genotyping of P. falciparum parasites. A total of 458 P. falciparum isolates collected during follow-up from October 2020 to March 2021 were genotyped. During the follow-up, children contracted 1.05 (95% IC [0.81-1.30]) new P. falciparum infections/child/time of exposure, and the MOI value was 3.00 (SD 1.60). Age is a protective factor (IRR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.90) against the occurrence of an episode of malaria, unlike an increase in MOI (IRR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.99), which is a favorable factor ( p < 0.05). This study confirms the reduction in malaria transmission in our study area, probably due to the massive deployment of control tools.