Search

The purpose of this paper is, through a system of software, to analyze some theoretical aggregate models. We suggest to build a disaggregated model to compare its results with these of the aggregated one. The disaggregated model uses an analogical mechanism of the individual behaviors so that a validation of it by experiments is possible. We apply the system to the mechanism of prices and we do experiments at school, which unable the Mises-Hayek-Lange debate to be reconsidered through the computer implementation of its system.

The case of two transition tables is considered, that is two square asymmetric matrices of frequencies where the rows and columns of the matrices are the same objects observed at three different time points. Different ways of visualizing the tables, either separately or jointly, are examined. We generalize an existing idea where a square matrix is descomposed into symmetric and skew-symmetric parts to two matrices, leading to a decomposition into four components: (1) average symmetric, (2) average skew-symmetric, (3) symmetric difference from average, and (4) skew-symmetric difference from average. The method is illustrated with an artificial example and an example using real data from a study of changing values over three generations.

In this paper we propose a Pyramidal Classification Algorithm, which together with an appropriate aggregation index produces an indexed pseudo-hierarchy (in the strict sense) without inversions nor crossings. The computer implementation of the algorithm makes it possible to carry out some simulation tests by Monte Carlo methods in order to study the efficiency and sensitivity of the pyramidal methods of the Maximum, Minimum and UPGMA. The results shown in this paper may help to choose between the three classification methods proposed, in order to obtain the classification that best fits the original structure of the population, provided we have an a priori information concerning this structure.

Economic simulation - as economic pattern simulation use - which is already a useful tool of searchers and managers, would be a tool of economic teacher. When teacher want explain economic theories, he can't do experiment, hence simulation would take place experiment. Simulation is an analytical (teacher can study some economic poli- cies) and synthetic (teacher can build economies) tool to get Eco- nomic more concrete. First of all, teacher has to present economic agent (through an economic press analysis) and decision process (e.g: through the Game theory point of view). Economic simulation teaches by experience difficults of optimal economic policy and, in the same time, difficult of economic modelling. Our purpose is to teach economics, not to ordinary pupils but to rational pupils.

This paper describes data on U.S. exports from 1972-1994, classified according to the Schedule B' system, Harmonized System (HS), Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, Revisions 2 and 3), and Standard Industrial Classification (SIC, 1972 basis), along with various concordances. All of these data sets are disaggregated by the destination country for exports. U.S. Exports, 1972-1994,' which can be ordered for $50 from the Publications Department, NBER, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. A summary of the SIC data, which does not contain the source country detail and incorporates earlier years, is available via anonymous FTP from nber.org /pub/feenstra, or via the Web from www.nber.org. Disk 1 of the NBER Trade Database contained complete data on U.S. imports, and included on this CD-ROM is a revision to the SIC imports for the years 1989-1994. In" addition, the CD-ROM includes state-level exports and a number of other U.S. datasets contributed by various researchers, such as tariff reductions under NAFTA, antidumping cases, domestic and imported automobile data, materials consumption by industry, foreign trade zones, foreign investment, and programs used to construct and update the data.

A case is made that today's graduate students in economics must master early on a computational environment suitable for their research needs. The virtues of Mathematica for this purpose are highlighted. Descriptions of its elements that are particularly suited for this need are given along with examples of the kind of economic research successfully accomplished in the environment.

Decision support system often requires the combined knowledge of multiple domains. A knowledge-based approach is proposed to include not only the process modelling knowledge but also the descriptive knowledge in the integration. Descriptive knowledge such as survey statistics and expert opinions forms the core of a study on the uncertainty of the combined knowledge. It was found that the use of expert systems, neural network and belief causal network assist greatly in the implementation of these concepts. Examples are drawn from the combination of scientific and economic knowledge to solve some acid rain problems.

The application of correspondence analysis to square asymmetric tables is often unsuccessful because of the strong role played by the diagonal entries of the matrix, obscuring the data off the diagonal. A simple modification of the centering of the matrix, coupled with the corresponding change in row and column masses and row and column metrics, allows the table to be decomposed into symmetric and skew--symmetric components, which can then be analyzed separately. The symmetric and skew--symmetric analyses can be performed using a simple correspondence analysis program if the data are set up in a special block format.

Graphical displays which show inter--sample distances are important for the interpretation and presentation of multivariate data. Except when the displays are two--dimensional, however, they are often difficult to visualize as a whole. A device, based on multidimensional unfolding, is described for presenting some intrinsically high--dimensional displays in fewer, usually two, dimensions. This goal is achieved by representing each sample by a pair of points, say $R_i$ and $r_i$, so that a theoretical distance between the $i$-th and $j$-th samples is represented twice, once by the distance between $R_i$ and $r_j$ and once by the distance between $R_j$ and $r_i$. Self--distances between $R_i$ and $r_i$ need not be zero. The mathematical conditions for unfolding to exhibit symmetry are established. Algorithms for finding approximate fits, not constrained to be symmetric, are discussed and some examples are given.

This is a set of Frequently Asked Questions (and answers) about the economic, institutional, and technological structure of the Internet. We describe the history and current state of the Internet, discuss some of the pressing economic and regulatory problems, and speculate about future developments. What is a FAQ? FAQ stands for Frequently Asked Questions. There are dozens of FAQ documents on diverse topics available on the Internet, ranging from physics to scuba diving to how to contact the White House. They are produced and maintained by volunteers. This FAQ answers questions about the economics of the Internet (and towards the end offers some opinions and forecasts).

This article gives an Introduction to a software named MINISIS which is a multipurpose information management system developed by International Developemnet Research Centre (IDRC). The applications of the software range from bibliographic databases to project information systems to germplasm databases to inventory systems. It is a computerised textual database management system that can be used to create formats for the organization and maintenance of textual information.In this article Version H of MINISIS is discussed in detail.

The past few years have seen increasing use of multiregional and intertemporal (that is, forward-looking) applied general equilibrium (AGE) models. These models share the characteristic of rapidly expanding dimensions. Because multilateral trade models increase in size with the square of the number of regions and intertemporal models increase in proportion to the number of time periods, they can be very difficult to solve purely because of their size. This paper considers three recent models of these kinds, namely, GTAP, the Global Trade Analysis Project's multiregional model of the world; MRES, a multiregional forecasting model of Australia; and ORANI-INT, an intertemporal model of the Australian economy. Each of these has been implemented using the GEMPACK suite of general-purpose economic modelling software. In this paper we discuss features of GEMPACK which are especially relevant for multiregional and/or intertemporal models. These include an automatic facility to condense models to a manageable size; separation of theory, data, and closure/shocks; automatic creation of updated (that is, post-simulation) data files; and a solver that is well suited to intertemporal models with substantial elements of forward-looking behaviour. Each feature is illustrated via references to one or more of the three models mentioned above.

This paper attempts to outline the benefits of using a data warehouse for supportingthe management decisions in a pre-academic learning institution. One of the aspects is themeasurement of the scholar performance of the pupils, correlated with the financial efforts made bythe school management. The performance is analyzed from a multi-dimensional perspective, whichallows the extraction of high quality information.

In recent decades following the evolution of information technology, decision support systems have played an important role by presenting the necessary information resulted from the operational systems processes. By continuing improvement of the methods as well as the contribution of technological advance the applicability of decision support systems is now generalized and has reached the status of complex systems of business intelligence. Business Intelligence is about creating intelligence about a business based on a cyclic flow which consists of capturing, analyzing, planning and implementation resulting in streamlining the organization.

Attacks on the computer infrastructures are becoming an increasingly serious problem. There are available several information security techniques and tools to protect valuable information stored on computer systems against unauthorized access, use and destruction. This paper offers a perspective on the current state of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) describing the functionalities and components of such systems. A classification based on the type of protected system is made, along with the particular use of each of them. Further, it investigates the main techniques used to detect intruders, revealing the modality for discovering abnormal system events. Finally, the focus is on different types of intrusion detection tools available, few examples of them being presented.

The authors present basis of simulation usage in managerial decisionsupport focusing on the supply chain processes. In the beginning the need for simulationis presented, then advantages and disadvantages of simulation experiments and thesimulation tools juxtaposition. Finally the chances of supply chain process simulationusing Logware software are presented.

oTree is an open-source and online software for implementing interactive experiments in the laboratory, online, the field or combinations thereof. oTree does not require installation of software on subjects’ devices; it can run on any device that has a web browser, be that a desktop computer, a tablet or a smartphone. Deployment can be internet-based without a shared local network, or local-network-based even without internet access. For coding, Python is used, a popular, open-source programming language. www.oTree.org provides the source code, a library of standard game templates and demo games which can be played by anyone., Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 9, ISSN:2214-6350, ISSN:2214-6369

The computer implementation of any large economic model is usually a very expensive and time consuming task. This paper describes a software package, called GEMPACK, which is being developed specifically to reduce dramatically the research time, effort and cost required to set up one solution method (the Johansen method) on an actual computer. Existing features of GEMPACK are described in detail, as are developments planned for the near future. The software is model-independent, in that it works for a wide class of economic models, irrespective of the form of the equations or underlying theory. GEMPACK is portable to most mini and mainframe computers, because it has been written in ANSI standard FORTRAN 77, with such portability as a primary requirement. Several models, including the Dervis, de Melo and Robinson model of Korea, have been implemented using GEMPACK.

Purpose of this paper is the description of the tecniques used to generate pseudo-random numbers, to be added as disturbance terms to the stochastic structural equations of econometric models. These disturbance terms should have the same statistical properties as the residuals obtained, in each equation, during the estimation phase.

This chapter starts with a description of the main features of the current Mexican tax system and of a (minor) tax reform that took place in 2010, when the government tried to correct for a drastic fall in its revenues because of the economic collapse in 2009. It then describes in a detailed way a microsimulation model, which is made of three modules: for direct taxes, for indirect taxes, and for welfare indexes. Subsequently, it exemplifies the use of the model by examining the welfare and revenue impacts of the 2010 reform.

The aim of the paper is to describe using REA framework to model enterprise planning not only at the operational level but also at the policy level. Using policy level enlarges the possibility of the models on the base of the REA framework because the policy level in this way represents metalevel of the model. The policy level of the REA framework itself is comprised both of the entities related by typification, grouping and policy relationships and of the Commitment entity with the fulfillment relationship. This entity may be viewed as either a sublayer or a middle layer of the REA framework. The Commitment entity belongs to the fundamental entities of the policy level but has some specifications that are expressed by the fulfillment relationship. This many-to-many relationship forms the link to the operational level. In the paper we discuss the problem and suggest some solution that moves the Commitment entity closer to the typification and grouping semantic abstractions.

Haciendo uso de métodos bibliométricos y herramientas de análisis de contenido y minería de datos, este artículo evalúa el desempeño de la Revista de Economía Institucional y explora sus fortalezas y debilidades a la luz de ocho criterios: la especialidad de la revista, el componente investigativo, su contribución a la popularización de la ciencia, su papel como medio de comunicación entre pares y creador de comunidad, la interdisciplinariedad, el pluralismo metodológico, el cosmopolitismo y el impacto. Para ello, los autores utilizan las bases de datos de indexación y referenciación más representativas, y el archivo documental de la Revista.

The aim of this work is to review the theoretical approach to analyze the innovation capacity of enterprises in the software industry of Jalisco. Based on a survey of the companies in the Software Center of the State, as well as evaluating the influence that has the capacity for innovation on competitiveness, seeking empirical evidence to answer the question. The main hypothesis for this research is that the ability to innovate is a factor that positively affects the performance of companies in the software industry, which is reflected in the competitiveness of the sector. The methods used in this research are three: innovativeness index (ICI), Linear Regression Model with OLS and Soft Computing using evolutionary algorithms: FUZZYCESAR, the latter something very new which puts us in the forefront of knowledge in the methods it is still.

This manual explains the use of z-Tree, the "Zurich Toolbox for Readymade Economic Experiments". No programming knowledge is necessary to use z-Tree. This software allows to program and to conduct a wide range of experiments. This includes simultaneous and sequential games as well as market experiments and posted offer markets or double auctions. Because many features needed in an experimental software are built into z-Tree (as data saving, time and period display, profit calculation, group matching, provisions in case of losses and bankruptcy), new experiments can be developed quickly and easily.

A stable government is by definition not dominated by any other government. However, it may happen that all governments are dominated. In graph-theoretic terms this means that the dominance graph does not possess a source. In this paper we are able to deal with this case by a clever combination of notions from different fields, such as relational algebra, graph theory, social choice and bargaining theory, and by using the computer support system RelView for computing solutions and visualizing the results. Using relational algorithms, in such a case we break all cycles in each initial strongly connected component by removing the vertices in an appropriate minimum feedback vertex set. So, we can choose an un-dominated government. To achieve unique solutions, we additionally apply social choice rules. The main parts of our procedure can be executed using the RelView tool. Its sophisticated implementation of relations allows to deal with graph sizes that are sufficient for practical applications of coalition formation.

Due to the global financial crisis, credit on international markets became more restricted for banks, turning attention to internal clients and their deposits to gather funds. This driver led to a demand for knowledge about client’s behavior towards deposits and especially their response to telemarketing campaigns. This work describes a data mining approach to extract valuable knowledge from recent Portuguese bank telemarketing campaign data. Such approach was guided by the CRISP- -DM methodology and the data analysis was conducted using the rminer package and R tool. Three classification models were tested (i.e., Decision Trees, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machines) and compared using two relevant criteria: ROC and Lift curve analysis. Overall, the Support Vector Machine obtained the best results and a sensitive analysis was applied to extract useful knowledge from this model, such as the best months for contacts and the influence of the last campaign result and having or not a mortgage credit on a successful deposit subscription.