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Esse trabalho objetivou a aplicação de geoprocessamento na caracterização morfométrica da microbacia do Rio Bauru – Bauru (SP) através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica – Selva, visando à preservação, racionalização do seu uso e recuperação ambiental. A microbacia apresenta uma área de 4.049ha e está localizada entre os paralelos 22o 50' 05" a 22o 54' 26" de latitude S e 48o 22' 29" a 48o 26' 36" de longitude W Gr. A base cartográfica utilizada foi a carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu (SP), em escala 1:50000 (IBGE, 1973) na extração das curvas de nível, da hidrografia e da topografia, em ambiente de Sistema de Informações Geográficas - Idrisi Selva, para determinação dos índices morfométricos. Os resultados mostram que os baixos valores da densidade de drenagem, associados à presença de rochas permeáveis, facilitam a infiltração da água no solo, diminuindo o escoamento superficial e o risco de erosão e da degradação ambiental, bem como o baixo valor do fator de forma amparado pelo índice de circularidade indica que a microbacia tende a ser mais alongada com menor susceptibilidade à ocorrência de enchentes mais acentuadas. O parâmetro ambiental coeficiente de rugosidade permitiu classificar a microbacia para vocação com floresta e reflorestamento. Palavras-chave: Geoprocessamento; Morfometria; Hidrografia. MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER BAURU/SP WATERSHED OBTAINED BY GIS TECHNIQUES ABSTRACT This work aimed at the application of geoprocessing in the morphometric characterization of the watershed of the Rio Bauru - Bauru (SP) through the Geographic Information System - Selva, aimed at preservation, rational use and environmental restoration. The watershed covers an area of 4.049ha and is located between parallels 22o 50' 05" to 22o 54' 26" S latitude and 48o 22' 29" to 48o 26' 36" W longitude Gr. The base map used was planialtimetric chart of Botucatu (SP), scale 1: 50000 (IBGE, 1973) in the extraction of contour lines, hydrography and topography, Geographic Information System environment - Idrisi Selva, to determine the morphometric indices. The results show that the low values of the drainage density associated with the presence of permeable rock, facilitate the infiltration of water into the soil, reducing runoff and the risk of erosion and environmental degradation, as well as the low value of shape factor supported by the circularity index indicates that the watershed tends to be more elongated with less susceptibility to floods more pronounced. The environmental parameter coefficient of roughness allowed to classify the watershed for calling with forest and reforestation. Keywords: Geoprocessing; Morphometry; Hydrography. CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOMÉTRICA DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO BAURU/SP OBTENIDO MEDIANTE TÉCNICAS SIG RESUMEN Este trabajo dirigido a la aplicación de geoprocesamiento en la caracterización morfométrica de la cuenca del Río Bauru - Bauru (SP) a través del Sistema de Información Geográfica - Selva, dirigida a la conservación, uso racionalizado y la recuperación del medio ambiente. La cuenca tiene una superficie de 4.049 ha y está situado entre los paralelos 22o 50'05" a 22o54'26" S de latitud y 48o22'29 "a 48o26'36" W de longitud Gr. La cartografia basel básica utilizado fue la carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu (SP), a escala 1: 50.000 (IBGE, 1973) en la extracción de las curvas de nivel, hidrografia y topografia, Sistema de Información Geográfica em ambiente - Idrisi Selva, para determinar los índices morfométricos. Los resultados muestran que los bajos valores de la densidad de drenaje asociado con la presencia de rocas permeables, facilitan la infiltración de agua en el suelo, disminuyendo el desagüe y el riesgo de erosión y de degradación del medio ambiente, asi como el bajo valor de factor de forma, segun el índice de circularidade, indica que la cuenca tiende a ser más alargada con menor susceptibilidad a inundaciones más acentuadas. El parámetro ambiental, coeficiente de rugosidad, permitió clasificar la cuenca para classificar con la floresta y la reforestación. Palabras clave: Geoprocesamiento; Morfometria; Hidrografia.

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil according to the favorability of occurrence. The Vista-SAGA Geo-environmental Analysis System (Sistema de Análise Geoambiental Vista-SAGA) was used to create a database (theme maps) and perform environmental analyses, signatures and combinations. The degrees of likelihood were obtained by evaluating soil use and plant cover; soil type and geomorphology (geo-environmental factors); and altitude and slope (topographic factors). The factors used in the analyses were selected based on results from the literature and according to the technical feasibility of their inclusion in the databases. Weights and grades were attributed to the factors and their categories, respectively, according to their relevance to the life cycle of parasites from genus Leishmania and parasite vectors. Based on the results of the environmental analyses, areas were classified and grouped to represent the spatial distribution of favorability. Areas were classified as very unfavorable, unfavorable, somewhat favorable, favorable and very favorable for ACL occurrence. The results of the signature analyses showed that the municipality included 6.81% very favorable areas, 65.14% favorable areas, 17.98% somewhat favorable areas, 2.39% unfavorable areas and 0.07% very unfavorable areas for ACL occurrence. The signature analyses of the results and theme maps were able to locate and characterize the ecosystem profiles in terms of risk of ACL occurrence, indicating that rural, peri-urban and urban areas of the municipality of Seropédica may be classified as favorable for the occurrence of this disease. The results of the present study may be used to support management decisions made by authorities responsible for ACL control and prevention in Seropédica. In addition, geoprocessing was found to be a low-cost alternative for data integration in areas where it is difficult to perform surveys.

As the object of ecological and geographical research, the Neva Bay is under great anthropogenic impacts, especially in areas of intensive pollution of the waters of mineral and organic impurities, oil and oil products. Level mode the Neva Bay is associated with features of the atmospheric circulation over the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland. The nature of hydrological processes and hydro chemical regime are under the determining influence of the flow of the Neva River and other rivers, locations of the industrial facilities. The main objective of research – developing methods of geoinformation mapping and creation of a database for the evaluation of the environmental state of sea Neva Bay, formed under the influence of a complex set of interacting natural and anthropogenic processes. A database can be constantly updated and allows you to combine significant amount of research results on the basis of uniform principles of formalization and structuring of data. These information base and implementation the newest tools of GIS technologies allow to build models and create a series of maps spread of different pollutants and to assess the environmental state in the Neva Bay.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate sources of uncertainty in dam break simulations for areas with contrasting characteristics: one in a narrow valley with high slopes, and another an open valley with low slopes. A sensitivity analysis of the hydrodynamic model Hec-Ras 5.03 was performed, varying the input data of the model (Manning coefficient, breach configurations, reservoir volume, type of valley topography and equation considered). These variations cause different changes in peak flow, peak time, maximum depth and a maximum speed for different sections of the downstream watercourse. It was concluded that there are uncertainties in determining the input data that impacts in many ways at the generated flood wave, considering both a hydraulic variable of interest, the distance of the section from the dam and the mean geomorphological characteristic of the downstream valley. Topography is not always the most important input data, which allows the possibility of use of low resolution topographies to estimate the peak time in some sections, depending on the valley. Finally, safety coefficients for dam break studies are suggested, aiming to represent uncertainties of the input data in the generated results.

ABSTRACT As an alternative to Gap filling in monthly average rainfall series, we attempted to present a methodology for the generation of series only with the observed data available in the rainfall stations present in the study area and its surroundings. For this, a computational tool was developed with a GIS approach, using scripts in the Python language, to automate the study steps. Two calculation alternatives for the mean precipitation, variable Thiessen polygons or variable inverse distance weights (IDW), were considered. Random gaps were imposed from a series of data without gaps allowing us to evaluate the presented methodology. The results of the series calculated according to this methodology were compared to two methods of Gap filling. The behavior of the series was evaluated through the analysis of position and dispersion measurements as well as the temporal behavior by the evaluation of the correlograms and periodograms. The results are found to be satisfactory, which demonstrates the equivalence of the proposal with results found with the gap filling methods under the tested conditions. The differences found between the series were small, which was reflected in the Nash-Sutcliffe Indexes. There were no significant differences between the calculation alternatives by Thiessen polygons or IDW weights.

The objective of this study was to conduct a temporal analysis of biophysical attributes of the river basin of Rio Roncador, located in the municipality of Magé, Rio de Janeiro. SRTM data were used for the determination of the river basin morphometry and two images of the orbital platform Landsat5 TM sensor (01/28/1986 and 02/15/2010) applied the SEBAL algorithm to characterize the landscape dynamics. The results indicate that The river basin has a drainage area equivalent to 186.21 km2, perimeter 101.78 km, circularity index equal to 0.22, form factor 0.26 and compares index 2.09. These results indicate that the river basin is not prone to flooding, mainly due to its elongated form. It was possible to verify that in the interval of 24 years, degradation occurred in the region beyond the change in the coverage of the soil of the river basin. The results indicated a tendency of reduction in the areas of permanent preservation -13.4% of the river basin. It is concluded that anthropogenic actions were able to alter the surface cover of the soil and that, by the way, may have influenced the water dynamics of the river basin.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Forestry Code established the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) to preserve environmentally significant areas, such as the banks of waterways. Grande River is an important Brazilian river whose watercourse contains several hydroelectric plants, with few PPAs containing original features. Thus, this study analyzed land use in PPAs of a non-dammed stretch of the upper Rio Grande, in southern Minas Gerais. For this analysis, we used an image of the Rapideye sensor and the Maximum Likelihood classification method. The results showed the occurrence of pastures (49.63%), exposed soil (9.13%), others (0.77%), water (0.15%) and ornamental vegetation (0.13%) while the remaining native vegetation represented only 40.19% of PPAs. These numbers show that environmental laws have not been fulfilled in this area and there is strong human intervention in the PPAs studied.

Processing is an object-oriented Python framework for the popular open source Geographic Information System QGIS, which provides a seamless integration of geoprocessing tools from a variety of different software libraries. In this paper, we present the development history, software architecture and features of the Processing framework, which make it a versatile tool for the development of geoprocessing algorithms and workflows, as well as an efficient integration platform for algorithms from different sources. Using real-world application examples, we furthermore illustrate how the Processing architecture enables typical geoprocessing use cases in research and development, such as automating and documenting workflows, combining algorithms from different software libraries, as well as developing and integrating custom algorithms. Finally, we discuss how Processing can facilitate reproducible research and provide an outlook towards future development goals.

A Estação Ecológica de Ribeirão Preto – EERP é uma Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A Zona de Amortecimento – ZA da EERP, com 70% de sua área em zona urbana ou de expansão urbana, possui apenas 17% de cobertura vegetal distribuída em 129 manchas. A fim de subsidiar as ações de restauração florestal, foi gerado um mapa de áreas prioritárias para o restabelecimento da conectividade entre os fragmentos da ZA. Para tanto, foram considerados: a estrutura e a configuração da paisagem, a legislação ambiental e o estado de conservação das áreas remanescentes. Os resultados evidenciam a urgência de ações concretas para o restabelecimento da conectividade desta ZA pelo alto grau de fragmentação e degradação desta área. A metodologia utilizada para determinar as áreas prioritárias para conectividade foi abrangente e resultou num mapa confiável e realista, e indica que as ações de restauração florestal na ZA da EERP devem ser voltadas para duas estratégias: corredores florestais e enriquecimento de área dos fragmentos, priorizando a recuperação das matas ciliares. Esses procedimentos atuariam como facilitadores para a conectividade estrutural entre as áreas verdes próximas aos córregos e a minimização do impacto dos efeitos de borda. O resultado gerado tem a aprovação de todos os envolvidos direta ou indiretamente com a gestão da unidade de conservação e sua ZA, sendo uma excelente ferramenta auxiliar de gerenciamento e deve ser utilizado em futuros projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas em parceria com os proprietários rurais. The Ribeirão Preto Ecological Station – EERP is a Conservation Unit of Full Protection located within the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Its Buffer Zone – BZ, with 70% of its area located in the urban or urban expansion area, has only 17% of the vegetation cover distributed in 129 vegetation patches. In order to subsidize the forest restoration actions, a map of priority areas was generated for the reestablishment of the connectivity between the fragments of BF. The considered criteria for the production of the map were: the structure and configuration of the landscape, the conservation status of the remnant and the Brazilian legislation. The results demonstrate the urgency to achieve actions to restore the connectivity of Buffer Zone in EERP, demonstrating the high degree of fragmentation and degradation of this area. The methodology used to determine the areas of priority for the connectivity was comprehensive and resulted in a reliable and realistic map. The generated map indicates that the actions of forest restoration in BZ of Ribeirão Preto Ecological Station should be focused on two strategies: forest corridors and enrichment of the fragments, prioritizing the restoration of riparian forests. These procedures would act as facilitators for the structural connectivity between the green areas nearby the streams present in BF and so minimizing the impact of the edge effects. The generated result has the approval of all those directly or indirectly involved with the management of the protected area and its BF, it is also an excellent tool to assist management and should be used in future projects of restoration in partnership with the landowners.

After the release for civilian use the global positioning system using satellites (GPS) has been used in several segments, including agriculture. Precision Forestry represents a new form of production and management of forest stands. The interaction of the data obtained via devices (GPS) with the GIS allows the manipulation and analyzes needed to generate data, maps and parameters to be used for decision making and guidance in the field. Through productivity analysis you can perform precise interventions in the forests for optimum performance. Considering the complexity and dynamism of processes involving forest production, it is necessary to broaden the discussion on the subject, so that they can avail of information allowing the analysis of the production potential of the forest, through the use of appropriate technologies. Thus, from a literature review, this article aims to discuss the main concepts of forestry accuracy as well as its applicability.

This paper outlines the idea of a precision forestry tool for optimizing clearcut size and shape within the process of forest recovery and its publishing in the form of a web processing service for forest owners on the Internet. The designed tool titled COWRAS (Clearcut Optimization and Wind Risk Assessment) is developed for optimization of clearcuts (their location, shape, size, and orientation) with subsequent wind risk assessment. The tool primarily works with airborne LiDAR data previously processed to the form of a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital elevation model (DEM). In the first step, the growing stock on the planned clearcut determined by its location and area in feature class is calculated (by the method of individual tree detection). Subsequently tree heights from canopy height model (CHM) are extracted and then diameters at breast height (DBH) and wood volume using the regressions are calculated. Information about wood volume of each tree in the clearcut is exported and summarized in a table. In the next step, all trees in the clearcut are removed and a new DSM without trees in the clearcut is generated. This canopy model subsequently serves as an input for evaluation of wind risk damage by the MAXTOPEX tool (Mikita et al., 2012). In the final raster, predisposition of uncovered forest stand edges (around the clearcut) to wind risk is calculated based on this analysis. The entire tool works in the background of ArcGIS server as a spatial decision support system for foresters.

Although protected areas (PAs) are designed to safeguard natural ecosystems from anthropic modifications, many PAs worldwide are subjected to numerous human-induced impacts. We evaluated whether the establishment of PAs in the Upper Paraná River floodplain region could reduce anthropic landscape changes and whether there is a difference in protection when using different PA restriction categories. We analyzed the overall landscape dynamics using 30 years of land-use time series data and evaluated the change intensity via a partial land-use intensity analysis. Despite the increasing landscape anthropization, the PAs seemed to relieve the general change process, protecting natural areas mainly from agricultural expansion. Concerning the degree of use restriction, more restricted protection led to less human-induced changes. Finally, accessing PA effectiveness is a multidisciplinary challenge for researchers; however, this knowledge is crucial to avoid misunderstandings or poorly crafted public policies or decisions that may harm the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

In Brazil, the State of Goiás is one of sugarcane expansion's frontiers to meet the growing demand for biofuels. The objective of this study was to identify the municipalities where there were replacement of annual crops (mainly grains) by sugarcane in the state of Goiás, as well as indicate correlations between the sugarcane expansion and the family farming production, in the period between 2005 and 2010. For this purpose, grains crop mask and sugarcane crop mask, obtained from satellite images, were intersected using geoprocessing techniques. It was also used IBGE data of sugarcane production and planted area, and data of family farming production linked with the National Food Acquisition Program (PAA), in relation to the number of cooperatives and family farmers. The crops masks and data tables of the National Food Acquisition Program were provided by National Food Supply Agency. There were 95 municipalities that had crops replacement, totaling 281,554 hectares of grains converted to sugarcane. We highlight the municipalities of Santa Isabel, Iaciara, Maurilândia, and Itapaci, where this change represented more than half of their agricultural areas. In relation to family farming, the sugarcane expansion in the state of Goiás has not affected their activities during the period studied.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of chemical control for eradicating eucalyptus sprouts using images obtained with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The study was carried out in eucalyptus plantations in Itabela, BA, in replanting areas during pre-planting application of herbicide. Aerial images obtained by a UAV were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the herbicide application for sprouts control. After the images were acquired, they were processed to calculate the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and submitted to a supervised classification to quantify the percentage reduction of sprout green matter. The percentage data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The differences, both visual and average percentages were observed only during the evaluation period with no evident effect of the treatments on sprout control. The images provided by the UAV allowed to monitor and identify visually the plots where biomass reduced or increased and to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical control of eucalyptus sprouts, indicating areas where it was nonexistent, partial or total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of inappropriate management practices and irrational land use are factors that enhance soil degradation. Considering the importance of studies focused on estimating erosion, this study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics of soil loss in the RibeirãoPreto's basin by applying the USLE interface with GIS software. Based on the application of the model, there were obtained estimates of average rates of soil loss from 159.5 ton.ha-1.year-1 in 2005 and 142.33 in 2015. Comparing the two periods, there were verified no changes in estimates of soil loss in 69.72% of the modeled area, of which approximately 45% have high intensity erosion. The total conversion of rural area in sugarcane cultivation promoted an increase of 90.52 ton.ha-1.year-1 on average rates of soil loss. On the other hand, the recovery of riparian areas promote a reduction of only 2 ton.ha-1.year-1. Overall, the study identified areas with greater susceptibility to erosion and the main vectors of intensification of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the environmental fragility of the Hydrographic Basin of Santo Antônio River, and to suggest an initial environmental zoning. For this purpose, it was used Ross's (1994 and 2012) methodology of potential and environmental fragility supported by remote sensing data as well as geoprocessing. It was used image from Landsat satellite 8/OLI - 2014 for Land use mapping and project GeoMS data about land cover. The environmental fragility was developed from the combination of potential fragility maps and theme maps of land use and cover of 2014. The results have shown that there is predominance of medium environmental fragility (74.81%), associated to the major occupation of the basin by pasture, which occupies 52.1% of the area. There are also Permanent Preservation Area (PPA) improperly occupied with pasture and agriculture. Giving the situation in which the basin is found, it was proposed an initial environmental planning with use and occupation guidelines of the area in a sustainable manner with recommendations and limitations of use in vulnerable areas, such as proposition of recovering degrades areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to verify the land-use conflicts in the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) of lakes, springs and rivers which contribute to the damming of the Paranã River, party located in the great river basin of the Paranã River, in the municipality of Formosa, Goiás. To perform this images were used from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM, satellite images from the 1995 Landsat 5 TM system and the 2015 Landsat 8 OLI, in addition to using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the extraction of green vegetation. The data and comparative maps were conducted in the ArcGis 10.2. The PPAs for the study area total 281,519.49 ha, only 7% of which had natural vegetation cover. It was observed that the river basin under study has a high level of environmental degradation, with regard to Bill 12.751/12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional is the property of Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Portal de Periodicos Eletronicos Cientificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many projects and research efforts implement geo-information (GI) workflows, ranging from very basic ones to complicated software processing chains. The creation of these workflows normally needs considerable expertise and sharing them is often hampered by undocumented and non-interoperable geoprocessing implementations. We believe that the visual representation of workflows can help in the creation, sharing and understanding of software processing of geodata. In our efforts we aim at bridging abstract and concrete workflow representations for the sake of easing the creation and sharing of simple geoprocessing logic within and across projects. We have implemented a first version of our workflow approach in one of our current projects.MARIS, the Mara Rangeland Information System, is being developed in the Mau Mara Serengeti Sustainable Water Initiative (MaMaSe). It is a web client that uses the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS), our open source Remote Sensing and GIS software. It aims to integrate historic, near real time and near future forecast of rainfall, biomass, carrying capacity and livestock market information for the sustainable management of rangelands by conservancies in the Maasai Mara in Kenya. More importantly it aims to show results of a carrying capacity model implemented in a comprehensive geoprocessing workflow. In this paper we briefly describe our software and show the workflow implementation strategy and discuss the innovative aspects of our approach as well as our project evaluation and the opportunities for further grounding of our software development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Asian countries have to confront with the global burden of cancer and various environmental factors predisposing the incidence. Geoinformatics can assist in spatial autocorrelation and statistical analysis in determining environmental and demographic correspondence to endemicity. What is of prime importance is the availability of the spatial datasets of cancer cases. Aims: The aim of this study was to reveal the distribution pattern of cancer and its magnitude in the eight panchayats of Sulthan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad district. The present study also attempted to develop and implement a data frame facilitating better data collection. Settings and Design: This was a taluk-level cross-sectional retrospective analysis and interventional study. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective survey created a geodatabase with 547 cancer cases registered along the timeline of 2015-2016. Input datasets were geocoded using Google Earth Pro software. Statistical Analysis Used: The analysis was performed using ArcMap-10.2 version. Results: Registration revealed the high breast cancer incidences and temporal increment mainly in town areas. The incidence depicted male predominance and prevalence along the age group of 30-69 years. The pattern showed cancer incidence at a proximity to state borders and forest regions (Noolpuzha) which are high population density regions, instantiated relation of geographic variables, and cancer incidences. The implementation of data frame ensured structured data collection. Conclusions: This study concluded the spatial association of cancer incidence demonstrating the high-risk regions with male predominance and role spatial risk analysis in cancer database management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the first of three steps to identify the environmentally high-risk areas subject to accidents involving shipments of hazardous products routed through BR-101 Highway in the State of Alagoas. It addresses the integration of variables that directly define the areas that pose risk to accidents occurrence in which chemical products are transported. In addition to identify these areas, it seeks to understand their relationships with the accidents. The database used the 1:50,000 scale and was composed of four vector maps corresponding to rainfall intensity, sinuosity of the highway, concentration of pockets of wildfires, and potential fog. The data were converted to the raster structure allowing the integration in the QGIS software using a multicriteria analysis based on weighted average. The results showed that 42% of the analyzed area of 2,370.66 km² corresponds to the Medium Potential level, 31% to the Medium Potential and 27% to the Low Potential level. As a conclusion, the rainfall intensity and the sinuosity of the highway indices were the main parameters responsible for the determination of the stretches which present the highest degree of hazard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The preservation of the environment is essential for safeguarding water resources, geological stability and the biodiversity of municipal territory, in accordance with the federal environmental legislation. By harnessing the Geographic Information System (SIG), the purpose of this work was to delineate and to review the Permanent Preservation Areas on the basis of legal parameters (Federal Law nº. 12,651/12) in the urban area of the municipality of Canoinhas. The digital cartographic base of the municipality of Canoinhas, the Secretary of State for Sustainable Development (SDS) and EPAGRI/IBGE was used specifically for this purpose, making it possible to manipulate geographical data on altimetry and water resources. On account of hydrographic discrepancies in the digital databases, a hydrological model had to be generated in order to rebuild the drainage system of the urban area. In lieu of other structures and in accordance with existing environmental legislation, feasible PPAs include areas associated with watercourses, springs and slopes. The present study identifies a total surface area of 7.3 km² - 22.5% of the urban area of the municipality of Canoinhas - of environmental constraints. The main operations were carried out in watercourses, chiefly by correcting and laying down channels. Nevertheless, in areas marked by wide floodplains on the main watercourses, the riparian forest was successfully preserved during the initial and middle regeneration phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Atlas: Brazilian Agriculture Geography was released in 2017 in an online version and presents the mapping of the Brazilian land structure. Accompanied by its technical manual, it is possible to observe the path taken by the researchers in an attempt of mapping the Brazilian field. Thus, this work aimed to make a critic from the procedures adopted in the Atlas of Brazilian Agriculture, and to present technical procedures associated with geoprocessing as an alternative to new analyzes of the land structure and the Brazilian agrarian question. This procedural alternative was applied to the municipalities of Água Clara/MS and São Desidério/BA. In order to accomplish the objectives, it was carried out a bibliographic research on the agrarian question, land structure, land income and geoprocessing. In addition to surveys and secondary data collection from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and INCRA on the Brazilian land structure. Finally, the discussion resulted in a criticism and contribution to procedures of new atlases and allowed the elaboration of a new possibility, as a technique for the study of land structure and the Brazilian agrarian question supported in the application of geoprocessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Leal Alves, D.C.; Espinoza, J.M.A.; Albuquerque, M.G.; Silva, M.B.; Fontoura, J.S.; Serpa, C., and Weschenfelder, J., 2018. Bathymetry estimation by orbital data of OLI sensor: a case study of the Rio Grande harbor, southern Brazil. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 51–55. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In the coastal and estuarine systems, the determination of bathymetric data is an important instrument for a safe shipping in harbor zones. Generally, data are collected in situ or ground, however, this information is time-consuming and costly. Remote sensing can be regarded as one of the most promising alternative tools to map bathymetry of the estuaries and coastal zones, due to its extensive coverage of the area and the low cost imbued. This study aims to analyze the accuracy of bathymetric data obtained by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor, coupled to Landsat 8 orbital platform, in comparison to the results with bathymetric data collected in situ (echo sounder) at the Rio Grande channel, situated in Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil. With the bathymetric maps and data collected in situ, it was possible to estimate the estuary depth from Landsat 8 image; using the Coastal band (b1), with a spatial resolution of 30 m and penetration capacity of 15 m, and Near Infrared band (b5), with a spatial resolution of 30 m. The relation between the data collected in situ and the data obtained by remote sensing showed the accuracy of 71% kappa (index of accuracy) and R2 of 81.7% for the image referring to February 2015, nine months before the echo sounding survey. Nevertheless, the image processing for December 2015, one month after the survey with echo sounder, presented a kappa of 85%, and R2 of 96.5%. The results show a good correlation between the data acquired in situ and the data obtained by the OLI sensor. In this way, the remote sensing technique used for bathymetric analysis can be applied as a complementary form, increasing the temporal resolution of the obtained data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangroves cover an estimated area of approximately 12 to 20 million ha worldwide and serve as protection for the coastline from erosion and flooding. Nearly 70 mangrove species are considered endangered and could disappear in the next decade, which would have devastating economic and environmental consequences for coastal communities because of their ecological and economic importance. The annual rate of disappearance of coastal ecosystems is four times greater than the rate of the disappearance of rain forests. Mangroves suffer great pressure from the rapid conversion of forests into agricultural and urban areas, and, in these scenarios, climate change promotes specific pressures on mangroves and may increase the effects of anthropogenic activities. The focus of this study was to map the changes in mangrove areas in six river estuaries in Ceará, northeastern Brazil, between the years 1992 and 2011 and identify the main drivers of these changes. The results showed an increase in mangrove areas of five estuaries, while one estuary showed a decrease in mangrove area. Changes in river output capacity and sediment accumulation in the estuaries were associated with dam construction in the watersheds and can be responsible for new upstream mangrove areas in newly formed islands and along river banks. Abandoned saltpans also contributed to expansion of the mangrove areas. Deforestation for the construction of shrimp farms was the main cause of decreases in mangrove area, especially in the Pirangi estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall trend analysis is a way to understand impacts that may be caused by climate changes. This paper aims at analyzing rainfall spatio-temporal variations on the state of Santa Catarina under three main perspectives: averages; seasonal trends; and thematic rainfall projections. Monthly data from the pluviometric stations were obtained from the Nacional Water Agency (ANA) database. Consistency using normal ratio was performed over raw data. Data evaluation over absolute values (average, minimum and maximum), trend analysis, clusters by Ward method and spatial distribution were also executed. Extreme West and West regions are responsible for the highest rainfall indexes (monthly and year estimations), moreover summer season being the wettest season. Trend analysis revealed precipitation increase in seven of eight Administrative State regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]