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Whereas the importance of information system (IS) certifications is increasing to prove compliance with regulatory and industry requirements, research reveals inconsistent findings concerning the effectiveness of IS certifications. Prior studies have concluded that such inconsistent findings stem partly from users' limited understanding of the nature and role of certifications due to ineffective certification presentations. We follow a three-phase, theory-driven design science approach to examine how to design effective certification presentations. First, we identified sources of users' limited understanding and formulated a revised certification presentation that facilitates users' peripheral information processing. We tested our design proposal in an online experiment with 300 participants. Second, we derived meta-requirements and design guidelines by validating a theory-driven model of certification presentations through an online survey with 352 participants. Third, we implemented three certification presentations complying with example guidelines and ran an online experiment with 400 participants to test whether these presentations are effective. We contribute to research and practice by proposing a design theory for certification presentations composed of peripheral cues inducing authority, social proof and likeability to increase users' trust perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dyadic studies address the link between workplace incivility and dysfunctional (i.e., authoritarian and permissive) parenting, and the role played by parent cognitions and well‐being in these relationships. One hundred and forty‐eight working mother‐spouse dyads participated in Study 1. Mothers reported on their own workplace incivility experiences and parenting self‐efficacy, while husbands rated mothers' authoritarian parenting behaviour. Results showed that parenting self‐efficacy mediates the effects of workplace incivility on authoritarian parenting. Study 2 sought to replicate and extend these findings with a sample of one hundred and seventy‐five working parent‐spouse dyads. Working mothers and fathers reported on their own workplace incivility experiences, parenting self‐efficacy and burnout, while their spouses rated their authoritarian and permissive parenting. The moderating effects of romantic relationship conflict were also assessed. Results supported the role of self‐efficacy in mediating the relationship between workplace incivility and authoritarian parenting, with effects exacerbated among those experiencing higher levels of romantic relationship conflict. Moreover, incivility related to working parents' burnout, and in turn, permissive parenting. Our findings shed light on an understudied social context wherein workplace incivility may shape one's personal life, and broadens our understanding of the nature, scope, and impact of this workplace problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People resist various kinds of imposition, which can be ranged along a gradient—impositions from those heavily entitled to make them, along to those where the matter is more balanced, to where the imposed-upon person is the one who has the greater rights. The articles in this Special Issue cover the whole range, from the police officer issuing bald imperatives, through to a tutor trying to help a student with their essay. In one case the resistor is may have little room for maneuver without incurring cost; in the other, the resistor will be given more latitude. The signal characteristic of the analysis throughout is a very close attention to the actual exchange of talks between the two parties: it is there that conversation analysis reveals the intricacy with which imposition is attempted and resistance succeeds or fails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates a crisis in leadership in the Christian church after changes in imperial policy made it more acceptable socially and more advantageous financially to occupy clerical positions. For several decades in the early 5th century, Isidore of Pelusium and his network of friends reproached and lamented the venal conduct of Eusebius, bishop of Pelusium, and several clerics he had appointed. But their efforts to alter the situation had little effect. To understand why this was so, the paper considers the types of people who wrote letters lamenting the situation in order to understand the nature of their response in relation to their social or political position, and it explores reasons why Eusebius and the other clerics were not dislodged by the censure and even derision of their critics. The conflict, it is argued, exposes the limitations of παρρησία as a means of altering the actions of the powerful and qualifies the role of ascetic authority in the de facto exercise of episcopal office in Late Antiquity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore individuals' personal narratives of perceived betrayals and injustices committed by institutions, their representatives, or other authority figures and discern in what spheres of life they commonly manifest. 157 adults from largely rural, low-income communities in southern Appalachia participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews that asked them to describe key points in their life experiences, including high points, low points, and turning points. These were reviewed for episodes of institutional betrayals. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded thematic analysis. Participants mentioned numerous instances of betrayals that occurred from interactions with institutions or their representatives. These were grouped into four categories: professional betrayals involving mistreatment from an employer, health care provider, or other authority figure; professional-organizational betrayals where a professional perpetrator was able to get support from a problematic organizational culture; corporate malfeasance involving misdeeds by business entities; and systemic injustices involving the sociopolitical architecture of society. The findings identified a range of institutional betrayal experiences that were unnecessary, unwanted, intentional, and harmful. They could be distinguished by the type of perpetrators and often led to notable harms, including unwanted system involvement and unemployment. Although participants seldom explicitly mentioned the rural setting in their descriptions of institutional betrayal, it is likely that limited options for health care providers, schools, and other institutions exacerbated some harms. Institutional betrayals need to be considered in people's trauma dosage, their cumulative lifetime burden of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hans Kelsen has been praised for his defense of democracy but that defense has also been criticized, most notably by Carl Schmitt. Leo Strauss was just as critical but his critique has gone unnoticed. Much of this neglect is because the relevant works remained unpublished. In one work Strauss contends that his conception of authority guarantees order and security whereas Kelsen's notion of democracy leads to anarchy and chaos. This essay is intended to fill this gap by providing an examination of Strauss' criticism of Kelsen's democratic liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare organisations are hierarchical; almost all are organised around the ranking of individuals by authority or status, whether this be based on profession, expertise, gender or ethnicity. Hierarchy is important for several reasons; it shapes the delivery of care, what is prioritised and who receives care. It also has an impact on healthcare workers and how they work and communicate together in organisations. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the qualitative evidence related to hierarchy in healthcare organisations defined broadly, to address gaps in macro‐level healthcare organisational research, specifically focusing on the (1) impact of hierarchy for healthcare workers and (2) how hierarchy is negotiated, sustained and challenged in healthcare organisations. After a search and screening, 32 papers were included in this review. The findings of this review detail the wide‐reaching impacts that hierarchy has on healthcare delivery and health workers. The majority of studies spoke to hierarchy's impact on speaking up, that is, how it shaped communication between staff with differential status: not only what was said, but how it had an impact on what was acceptable to say, by whom and at what time. Hierarchy was also noted to have substantial personal costs, impacting on the well‐being of those in less powerful positions. These findings also provide insight into the complex ways in which hierarchy was negotiated, challenged and reproduced. Studies not only detailed the way in which hierarchy was navigated day to day but also spoke to the reasons as to why hierarchy is often entrenched and difficult to shift. A number of studies spoke to the impact that hierarchy had in sustaining gender and ethnic inequalities, maintaining historically discriminatory practices. Importantly, hierarchy should not be reduced to differences between or within the professions in localised contexts but should be considered at a broad organisational level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the challenges to authority claims made by political and military superiors in giving orders, as presented in Tadros's book "To Do, To Die, To Reason Why." Topics include the examination of the instrumental benefits traditionally associated with authoritative decision-making and the argument that military superiors lack practical authority over subordinates due to the absence of a duty to obey their orders.

The Middle East Studies Center held a scientific seminar in Amman on Tuesday, 07/03/2023, entitled "Trends of the Transformations in the Palestinian Political System 2023-2024". Many Palestinian experts contributed to the discussion. They investigated and prospected many possible transformations. In addition, they highlighted the legal dimensions of these expected changes. The Palestinian Authority President's vacancy position was considered the most critical issue in these transformations. They investigated the procedures and criteria for choosing the President, the possible scenarios, and their impacts on the Palestinian political system and its legitimacy. The participants discussed many Palestinian options, including the national agreement on the path to transforming the authority of PNA and PLO peacefully and smoothly. They stressed the way out of any crisis through a transformation to attain the security and safety of the Palestinian system, people, and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning and teaching Mendelian genetics are central topics in school science. This study explored factors associated with the learning outcomes of Taiwanese junior high school students in an online inquiry learning environment. Research within face-to-face classroom settings had revealed that Asian students are more likely to be tutor-oriented and collectivistic learners. However, results of how these orientations affect learning in online environments are needed. In this analysis, seventh-grade students from Taiwan (N = 290) completed a genetics lesson using an Inquiry Learning Space (ILS) on the Go-Lab platform. Students were randomly assigned conditions in which support was provided either by general text or by an expert person in the form of a cartoon figure. In addition, students completed questionnaires assessing their cultural orientations, as well as their computer self-efficacy. Results revealed that the presence of a virtual expert did not influence students' learning outcomes. However, the extent to which students identified as collectivistic and their level of computer self-efficacy were positively associated with the learning outcomes. Students' computer self-efficacy was positively related to their behavioral intentions as well. These results illustrate the importance of Asian students' disciplined personality and computer self-efficacy for online inquiry-based learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we attempt to reconstruct the tacit and implicit notions of quality in the humanities. This reconstruction is based on a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 33 humanities scholars. Applying Max Weber's theory of authority, we argue the quality notions have two different sources—external and internal. External sources correspond to the Weber's types of authority: traditional authorities (academic tradition, professors, PhD advisors), rational-legal authorities (research administrators, policy makers) and charismatic authorities ('the great minds', 'the founding fathers' in a given academic field). Internal sources providing the quality notion do not fit into Weberian classification. These sources are based on the personal experience of a humanities researcher's evaluation practices, which cannot be reduced to either type of authority above. Combining the interview data and Max Weber's theory of authority, we try to demonstrate the existence of four different and sometimes incompatible notions of quality in the humanities: administrative; individual; semi-administrative, semi-individual; moderate individual. These notions are interpreted as ideal types, which serve as a regulative ideas rather than objective representations of research evaluation reality. The manuscript is important to Research Evaluation for the following reasons: first, it reconstructs the different types of notions of quality, which are crucial in better understanding peer review and other qualitative research evaluation practices; second, it provides better understanding of individual evaluator's premises; third, it provides opportunity to have a glimpse beyond dominant administrative quality notions and criteria as usually the perspectives of the humanities researchers are neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biographical materials of cities or regions are arguably a part of scattered Muslim historical compositions, with a noticeable impact on the shaping of literary traditions in classical Islam. This article aims to draw attention to the concept of buldān in the Islamic intellectual history, which is largely converged with the concept of ṭabaqāt , or generational structure in the theoretical treatises as classified by the classical Ḥadīth scholars. Based on the answers to this question, the task involves analysing both theoretical and practical aspects of Ḥadīth collections and Ḥadīth theoretical treatises along with biographical dictionaries of the earlier periods, beginning with the sixth/twelfth century and then going back to the second/eighth century. Our historical research and discursive approach have pointed out that the representations of cities or regions in the biographical dictionaries of Ḥadīth scholars carry culturally and historically significant impacts, in addition to an insight that early Muslim scholars correlated knowledge with social endurance of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authority is suspect in a democracy. In this article we show what problems this creates in the field of education. Authority is also lost in religion. Religious and educational authority has lost its place, especially in the process of digitalization. The digital environment offers freedom of choice and seemingly democratic use. However, we will show how new forms of authority are also emerging in this environment, which are largely hidden and therefore much more dangerous. The positioning of so-called algorithmic authority leads us to look for appropriate responses for the field of education and proclamation, as it turns out that this is a very similar way of dealing with authority. The approach offered by P. Freire, through the development of a critical consciousness in a concrete environment and the positioning of the teacher as a prophet, combines solutions for the empowerment of modern man in both the religious and educational fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional wisdom is that the Commander-in-Chief Clause arms the President with a panoply of martial powers. By some lights, the Clause not only equips the President with exclusive control over military operations, but also conveys the powers to start wars, create military courts, direct and remove officers, and wield emergency wartime powers. Under such readings, the meaning of “commander in chief” is as obvious as it is unequivocal—it confers some measure of absolute and unchallengeable authority upon the President. Yet, seemingly paradoxically, proponents of this stance cannot say where the Commander in Chief’s power begins and ends. In particular, establishing the Clause’s limits is an acute and persistent problem. Using eighteenth-century understandings as a yardstick, this Article topples the orthodox reading of the Clause and demarcates the Clause’s elusive frontiers. In contrast to modern assumptions, the Article reveals that eighteenth-century commanders in chief enjoyed neither sole nor supreme authority over the military. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, there were, at any one time, a multitude of British and American commanders in chief, and both assemblies and other military officials consistently directed these commanders, often in quite intrusive ways. By borrowing a familiar expression, the Constitution incorporated the modest, contemporary conception. Rather than being a sui generis military potentate, the President is nothing more than a chief commander, or what Alexander Hamilton called the “first General and Admiral.” The Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy lacks a vast arsenal of military authority but instead possesses only the constrained powers of a general and admiral. Crucially, the Clause does not grant any exclusive authority over peacetime operations or even the conduct of war. Nothing about the term “commander in chief” would have suggested such autonomy because previous chief commanders had lacked such independence. Indeed, early Presidents never objected to congressional bills that sought to regulate military operations pervasively, including wars. Rather, they signed the proposals into law and, thereafter, sought to faithfully execute them. To be sure, the President is more than a mere general and admiral. Due to the rest of Article II and the Presentment Clause, the President wields considerable authority and influence over the military, far more than a generic commander in chief would. These other sources of power convey authority over the appointment, direction, and removal of military officers and substantial influence on which military bills will become law. In the grand scheme of things, the Commander-in-Chief Clause is far less significant than these other clauses. How we read the Commander-in-Chief Clause matters. Without a sense of the Clause’s alpha and omega, Presidents will continue to cite it to evade, minimize, and commandeer congressional powers. If this Article’s assertions are correct, however, Presidents will no longer be able to insist that the Founders established a chief commander that can start wars or one that enjoys exclusive authority over operations. By decrypting the Clause, this Article highlights the extent to which Presidents have amassed power untethered from constitutional moorings and also may help fend off further executive overreach. Although some puzzles remain, this Article takes some initial strides in the long march towards deciphering the Commander-in-Chief Clause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient‐centred care is commonly framed as a means to guard against the problem of medical paternalism, exemplified in historical attitudes of 'doctor knows best'. In this sense, patient‐centred care (PCC) is often regarded as a moral imperative. Reviews of its adoption in healthcare settings do not find any consistent improvement in health outcomes; however, these results are generally interpreted as pointing to the need for more or 'better' training for staff, rather than raising more fundamental questions. Patient autonomy is generally foregrounded in conceptualizations of PCC, to be actualized through the exercising of choice and control. But examining healthcare interaction in practice shows that when professionals attempt to enact these underpinnings, it often results in the sidelining of medical expertise that patients want or need. The outcome is that patients can feel abandoned to make decisions they feel unqualified to make, or even that care standards may not be met. This helps to explain why PCC has not produced the hoped‐for improvement in health outcomes. It also suggests that, rather than focusing on scoring individual consultations, we need to consider how medical expertise can be rehabilitated for a 21st century public, and how patient expertise can be better incorporated into co‐design and co‐production of services and resources rather than being seen as something to be expressed through a binary notion of control. Patient and Public Contribution: This viewpoint draws on research conducted by the author across a range of settings in health and social care, all of which incorporated patient and public involvement when it was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the connections between Victor Pelevin's recent work and neoreactionary (NRx) discourse, especially the writings of accelerationist philosopher Nick Land and right‐wing "neocameralist" blogger Mencius Moldbug (aka Curtis Yarvin). Though the linguistic and cultural spaces they occupy are seemingly disjoint, the Russian postmodernist and Anglo‐American NRx in fact share intellectual and aesthetic positions. Pelevin's engagement with NRx thought is at once extremely serious—in the sense of being well researched and relatively faithful to the movement's terminology and conceptual apparatus—and apparently parodic. A longtime expert in trolling the reader even before the practice was "radicalized online," as it were, Pelevin has updated his technique to lambaste common far‐right bugaboos like "political correctness" and "feminism." As was the case with late‐Soviet stiob, whose mantle he inherits and adapts to the digital era, Pelevin's mockery manages to eviscerate his targets while allowing room for reasonable doubt as to their precise identity. His possibly mocking, possibly genuine appropriation of far‐right ideology is the latest manifestation of a years‐long critique of discursive and political power that began with the skewering of Soviet authority and spoofs of post‐Soviet neoliberal virtuality, and now continues with attacks on the "blue‐pilled" doyens of Western‐style cultural norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In times of a pandemic, the world lives in the throes of colossal economic and public health crises. The world seems unprepared and ill-equipped to cater to the catastrophic pandemic of COVID-19. The apocalyptic infectious diseases keep revisiting to expose the global widening economic and health inequalities. This review in its different sections argues that with the "financialization of everything," a new consciousness comprising a more general heightened sense of awareness and interest in personal health and well-being pervades whereby citizens become customers. This effectively forefends the dynamics of interaction between the individual and her/his environment with its consequent impact on health and promotes an individuated risk and responsibility. Even in times of a pandemic, draconian state surveillance, lockdown, behavior modification, self-help, and self-care have emerged as guiding principles of public health. There is an urgent need for a radical reordering of the world order beyond the hegemonic, neoliberal, capitalistic ethos of rabid consumerism and unconstrained private profit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Catholic Church has had and continues to maintain a unique role in the public life in Poland, with emphasis being placed on its social authority. However, substantial signs of a decline in religiosity in Europe are visible over the period analysed, as is the linked process of decreasing participation in religious practices. The main aim of the study is to describe and explain the evolution of perceptions of the Catholic Church's authority in Poland across institutional, doctrinal and personal dimensions. By highlighting these changes, answers are sought to further important questions, concerning the changing level of trust in the institutional Church, the evolution of religiosity of the Polish society in terms of people's declaration of faith, religious practices and declarations of adherence to Catholic morality, and the scope of the Catholic Church's authority as it is perceived in Poland. The answers to these questions are the basis for formulating conclusions about the elements of continuity and change in the perception of the authority of the Catholic Church in Polish society. The author puts forward the thesis that confidence in the institutional Church is dwindling and there is a gradual decline in the number of those who declare faith, while the process of abandoning religious practices is rising. In each case, the most substantial shifts are observed in the attitudes of young people. According to a prevailing opinion, if the Church is to reclaim its high degree of social authority, it should avoid political engagement, honestly explain the moral scandals disclosed and, most importantly, adhere to the principles it professes. The basic research method was the analysis of existing (created) data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legitimacy of putting public activities – such as providing education and welfare, but also running prisons or providing military services – into the hands of private companies is hotly contested. In The Privatized State, Chiara Cordelli puts forward an original argument, from a Kantian perspective, for why it is problematic: it replaces the omnilateral will of all citizens, which is realized through public institutions, with the unilateral will of agents to whom these activities have been delegated. While adding an important dimension to the debate, I am not fully convinced that private institutions always fail to realize the omnilateral will, and that this is the only, or always most central, normative problem of privatization. Instead, many concrete cases of privatization seem normatively overdetermined in their wrongness. Nonetheless, Cordelli's brilliant discussion invites us to rethink these phenomena from an important angle and helps us to better understand what an ideal civil service would look like. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Political Science Review / Przegląd Politologiczny is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the case of the recent 'unauthorised' translation of Caribbean-Canadian poet M. NourbeSe Philip's Zong! (2008) into Italian, which was at the centre of a heated debate on authorship and coloniality. The author unravels the rhetoric used in clashing arguments and identifies underlying values and assumptions to expose the system of power and the historical context in which this confrontation took place. Through an investigation of questions of authorship, authority and ethical posture, the author draws a distinction between a legalistic and a relational paradigm of translation. The article foregrounds the critical role of identity in the translation process and uncovers the enduring of colonial, racist and sexist structures embedded in the international publishing world, exposing both the limits and the creative potential of translation as a cultural practice that is deeply political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larq Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics & Social Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

My scholarly career has centered around articulating and testing a model of legitimacy-based law and governance. In recent decades, that model has achieved considerable success in shaping the way legal authority is understood and exercised. At the same time the legitimacy of legal, political, and social institutions and authorities has declined, raising questions about the future viability of a legitimacy-based model. In this review, I discuss the ascension and potential decline of legitimacy-based governance and outline alternative models of authority that may emerge in the twenty-first century. Three issues are addressed: whether there are ways to reinvigorate legitimacy-based law and governance; whether social norms, moral values, or ideologies are viable alternative forms of authority; and whether it is better to accept that no single form of authority works best in all situations and theories should focus on identifying the contingencies under which different forms of authority are most desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on qualitative interviews with 278 self-identified Muslims from across Canada, this article examines how Muslim Canadians engage with sources of religious authority online. We focus on how participants assess the authoritativeness of websites, which figures they follow, and whether the Canadian context factors into how they interpret Islam-related material online. We both agree and disagree with scholarship that characterizes the Internet as democratizing the traditions of Islam (Bunt, 2018; Eickelman & Anderson, 2003; Mandaville in Theory, Culture & Society, 24:101–115, 2007; Robinson in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 19:339–354, 2009; Sands in Contemporary Islam 4:139–155, 2010), and with who see it as unchanging (Berkey, 2016). Our interlocutors suggest that the online context fosters a notable and visible bi-directionality of authority; moreover, content remains shaped by view counts and algorithms. Lastly, despite the online nature of the World Wide Web, the materiality, textuality, and visual markers of the Qur'an remain vital for our interlocutors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the key Faro notions of "heritage community" and "democratic participation" as defined in the Faro Convention, and how they challenge core notions of authority and expertise in the discipline and professional practice of cultural heritage. Design/methodology/approach: This paper examines notions of "heritage community" and "democratic participation" as they are framed in the Faro Convention, and it briefly introduces two cases (Finland and Marseille) to explore their application. It then focusses on the implications of these two notions for heritage administration (expertise) in terms of citizen agency, co-creation of knowledge and forms of decision-making processes. Findings: The Faro Convention favours an innovative approach to social, politic and economic problems using cultural heritage. To accomplish this, it empowers citizens as actors in developing heritage-based approaches. This model transforms heritage into a means for achieving socioeconomic goals and attributes to the public the ability to undertake heritage initiatives, leaving the administration and expert bodies as mediators in this process. To bring about this shift, Faro institutes the notion of "heritage communities" and fosters participative governance. However, how heritage communities practise participation may follow different paths and result in different experiences due to local and national political circumstances. Originality/value: The Faro Convention opens up a window by framing cultural heritage within the realm of social and democratic instrumentality, above and beyond the heritage per se. But it also poses some questions regarding the rationale of heritage management (authority in governability), at least as understood traditionally under official heritage management discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Church fathers were among the most cited authorities in the medieval sermons, right after the Bible. Their quotations were used in different ways – as an exegesis of the reading, as a commentary of a moral les­son, or as a strong argument for a particular statement. Jerome was considered one of the key authorities, and his passages can be found in numerous books of sermons. The paper examines the reception of St. Jerome in the 15th-century sermon collection known as Sermones Discipuli de tempore et de sanctis cum Promptuario exemplorum et de miraculis Beatae Mariae Virginis, written by a German Dominican, Johannes Herolt (†1468). The collection includes quotations from dif­ferent works of Jerome, mostly from his letters. Despite the emphasis on sentences from the texts written by Jerome, the analysis also includes extracts from the so-called Pseudo-Jerome.

According to Shaw et.al. (2018) the constitutional court is one of the forces behind the revival of comparative studies of constitutional law in the last two decades. The establishment of a constitutional court as the main feature of constitutional reform in new democracies. The purpose of this research is to find out the form of the decision Number 49/Puu-IX/2011 regarding the abolition of Article 59 paragraph 2 of Law Number 7 of 2020, and to find out the impact of Number 49/Puu-IX/2011 concerning the abolition of Article 59 paragraph 2 of the Law. - Law number 7 of 2020?. The method used is normative juridical because it discusses a decision of Law number 7 of 2020 concerning article 59 paragraph 2 which is deleted. The results of the study show 1) Decision Number 49/Puu-IX/2011 which deletes the Manuscript Law 7/2020 Article 59 paragraph (2). 2) The provisions in Article 59 Paragraph (2) were deleted in the results of the revision of the Constitutional Court Law or Law Number 7 of 2020 which was ratified by the DPR. This decision has a polemic impact on the community because it is considered a scenario for the DPR and the President to submit the Constitutional Court's decision, so that the DPR and the President no longer have an assessment of the Constitutional Court. The public considers that this decision is related to the work copyright law because with the abolition of article 59th paragraph 2 it can allow everything that is abolished in the work copyright law to be in vain because it is still under the authority of the president and the DPR.

In this essay I consider the conceptual conflict between the public as a modern political category and the idea of the commons. By linking the idea of the public to an early exposition that explicitly sought a distinction between the commons and the public, I show how the generalization inherent in the public contravenes the particularity of the commons. This poses important political problems for how a modern commons or a modern notion of the commons is conceived and also allows for a nuanced understanding of the political challenge posed against the commons itself.

The word "blessing" which first appears in the Bible is when Elohim blesses the creatures He created to reproduce and multiply in water and the air (Genesis 1:22). Elohim blessed humans to rule over nature and all creation (Genesis 1:28). Elohim blessed the Sabbath (Genesis 2: 3), he blessed people like Abraham (Genesis 12: 2-3; 18:18), Jacob (Genesis 28:14). Through Abraham, Elohim blesses his descendants and the nations. Blessings become ‘human life’ (Genesis 1:28). This research seeks to answer the questions: How does The Pentateuch speak of Elohim's Promise as a source of blessings? How does The Pentateuch speak of the authority of blessings? How does The Pentateuch speak of the purpose of a blessing? What about The Pentateuch is special? Talking about forms of blessing? How does The Pentateuch speak of the qualifications for blessings?. The results of Elohim's blessings can be divided into three major groups: (1) spiritual blessings are blessings related to powers that are beyond human strength, such as the blessing of salvation and the blessing of peace. (2) physical blessings are blessings that include physical needs (clothing, food, shelter, and health), such as blessings of long life, blessings of salvation, blessings of peace, blessings of flesh (blessings of long life, blessings of radiant faces), blessings of offspring, thanks to protection, thanks to wealth, thanks to prosperity, thanks to health, and thanks to honor. (3) The Blessing of Faith is a blessing given by Elohim because of his faith (belief; commitment), such as the blessing of obedience, the blessing of loving Elohim, the blessing of worshiping Elohim, and the blessing of influence.