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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile and the scientific production of researchers in Pediatrics with scholarship from the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development. METHODS: The Lattes curricula of 34 researchers in Pediatrics with active scholarships, from 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. The variables of interest were: gender, affiliation, time since PHD, tutoring of undergraduate students, mentorship of masters and doctors, scientific production and the papers' impact. RESULTS: In a total of 411 researchers in Medicine, 34 (8%) belonged to Pediatrics. Males (77%) and scholars in the category 2 of productivity (62%) prevailed. Three states of Brazil were responsible for approximately 90% of the researchers: São Paulo (53%), Minas Gerais (21%), and Rio Grande do Sul (15%). During their academic career, the Pediatrics researchers have published 3,122 articles with a median of 89 articles per researcher (interquartile range - IQ=51-119). Of the total, 40 and 59% articles were indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases, respectively. The Pediatrics researchers have published papers in 599 journals with a median impact factor of 2.35 (IQ=1.37-3.73) for the 323 indexed journals. CONCLUSIONS: The Pediatrics researchers have a relevant scientific output from the quantity point of the view, but there is a need to improve quality.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and guidance given by pediatricians regarding physical activity in childhood and adolescence. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of pediatricians (n=210) who participated in a national pediatrics congress in 2013. Sociodemographic and professional data and data regarding habitual physical activity and pediatricians’ knowledge and instructions for young people regarding physical activity were collected using a questionnaire. Absolute and relative frequencies and means and standard deviations were calculated. Results: Most pediatricians were females, had graduated from medical school more than 15 years ago, and had residency in pediatrics. More than 70% of the participants reported to include physical activity guidance in their prescriptions. On the other hand, approximately two-thirds of the pediatricians incorrectly reported that children should not work out and less than 15% answered the question about physical activity barriers correctly. With respect to the two questions about physical activity to tackle obesity, incorrect answers were marked by more than 50% of the pediatricians. Most participants incorrectly reported that 30 min should be the minimum daily time of physical activity in young people. Less than 40% of the pediatricians correctly indicated the maximum time young people should spend in front of a screen. Conclusions: In general, the pediatricians reported that they recommend physical activity to their young patients, but specific knowledge of this topic was limited. Programs providing adequate information are needed.

ResumoObjetivo:Avaliar a prevalência de deficiência de vitamina D e os fatores associados em mulheres e recém-nascidos no período pós-parto.Métodos:Estudo de delineamento transversal; avaliou-se a deficiência/insuficiência de vitamina D em 226 mulheres e seus recém-nascidos no município de Viçosa (MG), entre dezembro de 2011 e novembro de 2012. Coletaram-se 5mL de sangue do cordão umbilical e sangue venoso materno a fim de avaliar os parâmetros bioquímicos: vitamina D, fosfatase alcalina, cálcio, fósforo e paratormônio. Usou-se regressão de Poisson e adotou-se a Razão de Prevalência (95% IC), a fim de se avaliar a deficiência de vitamina D e fatores associados. Fez-se a análise de regressão linear múltipla para identificar os fatores associados à deficiência de 25(OH)D dos recém-nascidos e das mulheres do estudo. O critério para inclusão das variáveis na regressão linear múltipla foi a relação com a variável dependente na análise de regressão linear simples, considerando p

Objective: To compare the efficacy of two concentrations of heparin to clear the lumen of in vitro clotted neonatal peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Methods: This is an in vitro, experimental quantitative study of 76 neonatal 2.0-Fr PICCs coagulated in vitro. The catheters were divided into two groups of 38 PICCs each. In both groups an infusion of low molecular weight heparin was administered with a dose of 25IU/mL for Group 1 and 50IU/mL for Group 2. The negative pressure technique was applied to the catheters of both groups at 5, 15 and 30min and at 4h to test their permeability. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to verify the outcome of the groups according to time intervals. Results: The comparison between both groups in the first 5min showed that more catheters from Group 2 were cleared compared to Group 1 (57.9 vs. 21.1%, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that less time was needed to clear catheters treated with 50IU/mL of heparin (p

Objective: To assess the prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents with HIV/AIDS, as well as associated factors. Methods: Ninety-one adolescents (from 10 to 19 years old) with HIV/AIDS who are patients at a university follow-up service were interviewed. Anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist circumference) were measured twice; clinical information was obtained from medical records, and habitual physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire proposed by Florindo et al. The cutoff point for sedentariness was 300 minutes/week. Results: The prevalence of inadequate height for age, malnutrition, and overweight/obesity was 15.4%, 9.9% and 12.1%, respectively. The most common physical activities were soccer (44.4%), volleyball (14.4%) and cycling (7.8%). The median times spent with physical activity and walking/bicycling to school were 141 min and 39 min, respectively. Most adolescents (71.4%) were sedentary and this proportion was higher among girls (p=0.046). Conclusions: A high prevalence of physical inactivity among adolescents with HIV/AIDS was observed, similar to the general population. Promoting physical activity among adolescents, especially among girls with HIV/AIDS, as well as monitoring it should be part of the follow-up routine of these patients.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of excess weight and analyze eating habits in relation to cardiovascular disease in adolescents from the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, state of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with male and female students (10-19 years old) enrolled at public and private schools in Vitória de Santo Antão. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle variables were collected. Food consumption was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and subsequently converted to monthly intake pattern scores, obtaining the intake distribution for a group of foods associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and for a group of protective foods. The significance level for the statistical tests was set at 5.0%. Results: The sample consisted of 2866 students. The female gender accounted for 54.2% of the sample, and median age was 14 years (interquartile range: 12-16 years). The food intake scores showed greater dispersion in the group of protective foods (51.1%). Higher median scores for consumption of risk foods were found among adolescents whose mothers had more than 9 years of schooling (p

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the neonatal screening program for hemoglobinopathies in São Carlos, Southeast Brazil, by investigating a series of cases in which the screening test was abnormal. More specifically, it was aimed to know the information regarding the neonatal screening received by mothers at the hospital and at primary health care, in addition to information related to genetic counseling. METHODS: A descriptive study that enrolled 119 mothers, accounting for 73% of all children born between 2010 and 2011 with abnormal results of neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies. The mothers completed a questionnaire that assessed the information received at hospital and primary health care, and issues related to genetic counseling. Descriptive statistics was performed. RESULTS: Of the 119 participating mothers, 69 (58%) had children with sickle cell trait, 22 (18.5%) with hemoglobin C trait, 18 (15.1%) with alpha thalassemia trait and, in 10 cases (8.4%), the result was inconclusive. At the hospital, 118 mothers (99.2%) received information about where to go to collect the test and 115 (96.6%) were informed about the correct time to collect the test. Only 4 mothers (3.4%) were informed about which diseases are investigated and the risks of not performing the screening. Seventeen mothers (14.3%) recognized the difference between trait and disease, and 42 (35.3%) considered that a positive screening test could have implications for future pregnancies. In 70 cases (58.8%), the child's physician was not informed about the screening test results. CONCLUSIONS: The neonatal screening program needs further improvement. In both scenarios investigated, health professionals demonstrated a lack of training in providing information to mothers and families. OBJETIVO: Fazer uma análise do programa de triagem neonatal de hemoglobinopatias no município de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil, por meio da investigação de série de casos cujo resultado do teste de rastreio foi alterado. Objetivou-se conhecer as informações a respeito da triagem neonatal recebidas pelas mães na maternidade e na atenção primária à saúde, além das informações relacionadas à orientação genética. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, no qual participaram 119 mães cujos filhos apresentaram teste de triagem de hemoglobinopatia alterado, o que correspondeu a 73% das crianças nascidas entre 2010 e 2011 com resultado de triagem neonatal para hemoglobinopatia anormal. As mães responderam um questionário que avaliou informações recebidas na maternidade e na atenção primária à saúde, além de aspectos relacionados à orientação genética. Foi feita estatística descritiva dos dados. RESULTADOS: Das 119 mães participantes, 69 (58%) tinham filhos com traço falciforme, 22 (18,5%) traço C, 18 (15,1%) traço alfatalassêmico e 10 (8,4%) resultado inconclusivo. Na maternidade, 118 mães (99,2%) receberam informação sobre onde ir e 115 (96,6%) foram orientadas sobre o momento correto para coleta do teste. Somente quatro mães (3,4%) foram informadas sobre quais doenças seriam investigadas e os riscos de não fazer o rastreio. Das 119 mães participantes, 17 (14,3%) reconheceram a diferença entre traço e doença e 42 (35,3%) consideraram que um teste alterado poderia ter implicações para futuras gestações. Em 70 casos (58,8%), o médico da criança não foi informado sobre o resultado da triagem. CONCLUSÕES: O programa de triagem neonatal necessita de aperfeiçoamento. Nos dois cenários investigados, os profissionais de saúde carecem de treinamento para orientar mães e famílias.

Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic failure rate in detecting perilunate fractures and dislocations using plain wrist radiographs by orthopedists and orthopedic residents. A secondary objective was to identify possible groups with a greater or lesser chance of establishing a correct diagnosis. Methods An online questionnaire was sent to several orthopedists through e-mail, social networks, and smartphone-based communication applications to assess the rate of diagnostic failure in detecting perilunate fractures and dislocations using plain radiographs. Results A total of 511 responses was obtained, with a diagnostic error rate of 8.81% for simple dislocations and 1.76% for trans-scaphoid perilunate fractures. Group stratification showed that residents presented the highest error rates in simple perilunate dislocations (23.91%), whereas hand surgeons presented the lowest error rates (1.74%). Conclusion Compared with the literature, the failure rates found were lower, suggesting that plain radiography is effective and that the error rate may not be as high as reported.

Introduction The possibility of perforation of gloves during orthopedic surgeries can reach 56.8%, and it mainly related to the manipulation of blunt instruments. Surgeries for the treatment of fractures and trauma present additional risk due to contact with bone spires. Objective Analysis of the prevalence of loss of integrity of surgical gloves in orthopedic trauma procedures, especially fractures, and evaluation of the surgeon's exposure and contact with secretions from the patient. Methods Macroscopic inspection of the gloves of two surgeons specialized in trauma, over a period of 4 months. Both used two gloves for all procedures and, at the end of the surgery, analyzed the presence or absence of blood stains on the internal gloves and/or fingers. The procedures were categorized according to the time and type of surgery. The intercurrence investigated was the perforation of one or two gloves; if the tear was perceived immediately or only at the end of the surgery, and the location of and reason for the tear, if identified. Results A total of 210 surgeries were included, 87 of which presented perforations, with 17 cases occurring in both gloves and 70 only in the outer glove. Finally, there was a more significant relationship with open focus surgeries and duration > 60 minutes. Conclusion Our results suggest that greater care and inspection of gloves to look for damage are needed in prolonged surgeries with an open focus.

Objective To evaluate and compare subscapular muscle function among patients undergoing subscapular tenotomy (Group A) and lesser tuberosity osteotomy (Group B), in patients treated with total and partial anatomic shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthrosis. Methods Retrospective study of patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthrosis surgically undergoing total or partial anatomic shoulder prosthesis implant, evaluated by clinical examination, imaging exams, analogue pain scale and Constant and Murley functional score. A total of 28 patients were evaluated, totalizing a sample of 32 operated shoulders. The minimum follow-up was of 12 months (mean 47.45 months). Results Among patients submitted to subscapularis tendon tenotomy, 10 had an ultrasound with total rupture of its thickness (56%). All of the patients of the group B showed lesser tuberosity healing. There was no difference between groups comparing strength evaluated by Belly press and Bear hug tests as well as clinical outcome, through the Constant and Murley score. Conclusions We did not find differences between Groups A and B evidenciated by comparing strength in the Lift-off test, in the Belly press and Bear hug tests and through he Constant and Murley score. Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e comparar a função do músculo subescapular entre os grupos submetidos a tenotomia do subescapular (Grupo A) e osteotomia do tubérculo menor (Grupo B), em pacientes tratados por artroplastia anatômica total e parcial de ombros apresentando osteoartrose primária. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes portadores de osteoartrose primária glenoumeral tratados cirurgicamente com prótese anatômica total ou parcial de ombro, avaliados por exame clínico, exames de imagens, escala visual analógica de dor e escore funcional de Constant e Murley. Foram avaliados 28 pacientes, totalizando uma amostra de 32 ombros operados. O seguimento mínimo foi de 12 meses (média 47,45 meses). Resultados Nos pacientes submetidos à tenotomia do tendão subescapular, dez obtiveram resultado ultrassonográfico com ruptura de sua espessura total (56%). A consolidação ocorreu em todos pacientes submetidos a osteotomia do tubérculo menor. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na comparação do teste Lift Off, da força nos testes Belly Press e Bear hug, e no escore de Constant e Murley. Conclusões Não encontramos diferença entre os grupos A e B na comparação do teste Lift Off, da força nos testes Belly Press e Bear hug, e no escore de Constant e Murley.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear intercept (Lm). RESULTS: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function parameters in the cigarette smoke group. CONCLUSIONS: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD. OBJETIVO: Descrever um novo modelo murino de enfisema induzido pela fumaça de cigarro. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo fumaça de cigarro, com 12 ratos expostos à fumaça de 12 cigarros comerciais com filtro três vezes ao dia (um total de 36 cigarros por dia), sete dias por semana, durante 30 semanas e o grupo controle, com 12 animais expostos ao ar ambiente três vezes ao dia, sete dias por semana, durante 30 semanas. A função pulmonar foi avaliada por meio de ventilação mecânica, e o enfisema foi morfometricamente avaliado por meio do diâmetro alveolar médio (Lm). RESULTADOS: A média de ganho de peso foi significativamente menor (aproximadamente dez vezes menor) no grupo fumaça de cigarro do que no grupo controle. O Lm foi 25.0% maior no grupo fumaça de cigarro. Os parâmetros de função pulmonar tenderam a ser piores no grupo fumaça de cigarro. CONCLUSÕES: O novo modelo murino de enfisema induzido pela fumaça de cigarro e a metodologia empregada neste estudo são eficazes e reproduzíveis; são, portanto, uma opção promissora e economicamente viável para estudos sobre a fisiopatologia e o tratamento da DPOC.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with the preference for purchasing generic drugs in a medium-sized municipality in Southern Brazil. METHODS We have analyzed data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2012 with a sample of 2,856 adults (≥ 20 years old). The preference for purchasing generic drugs was the main outcome. The explanatory variables were the demographic and socioeconomic variables. Statistical analyses included Poisson regressions. RESULTS The preference for purchasing generic drugs was 63.2% (95%CI 61.4–64.9). The variables correlated with this preference in the fully adjusted models were: male (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.08; 95%CI 1.03–1.14), age of 20–39 years (PR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.02–1.20), low socioeconomic status (PR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.03–1.28), and good knowledge about generic drugs (PR= 4.66; 95%CI 2.89–7.52). Among those who preferred to purchase generic drugs, 55.1% have reported accepting to replace the prescribed drug (if not a generic) with the equivalent generic drug. Another correlate of the preference for purchasing generic drugs was because individuals consider their quality equivalent to reference medicines (PR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.93–2.41). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about generic drugs was the main correlate of the preference for purchasing generic drugs. The greater the knowledge or positive perception about generic drugs, the greater is the preference to purchase them. Therefore, educational campaigns for healthcare professionals and consumers appear to be the best strategy for expanding the use of generic drugs in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the attrition rates and evaluate factors associated with loss to follow-up between 1994 and 2011 in an open cohort of HIV-negative men who have sex with men. METHODS The Project Horizonte is an open cohort study that aimed to assess the incidence of HIV infection, evaluate the impact of educational interventions, and identify potential volunteers for HIV vaccine trials. The rates of losses to follow-up were estimated for three periods (1994–1999, 2000–2005, and 2006–2011). The variables analyzed were collected in a psychosocial questionnaire. Volunteers who dropped out were compared with the ones who remained in the study using a Cox regression model. RESULTS A total of 1,197 volunteers were recruited. The median follow-up time in the study (n = 626) was 4.2 years. The median follow-up time for the volunteers who dropped out of the study (n = 571) was 1.46 years. The overall rate of loss to follow-up was 11.6/100 person-years. Attrition rates by period were: 12.60 (1994–1999), 11.80 (2000–2005), and 9.00 (2006–2011) per 100 person-years. Factors associated with losses to follow-up were: age group of 21–30 years old, monthly per capita income of more than six or less than one Brazilian minimum wage, having more than two dependents, report of bisexual practice, and inconsistent use of condoms for receptive anal sex. CONCLUSIONS A slight decrease of the loss to follow-up was observed over time. Higher attrition rates happened in the first three years of follow-up. It is possible that the link of the volunteers were not yet well established. Those who reported inconsistent condom use in receptive anal sex were more likely to leave the study, suggesting an underestimation of the incidence of HIV infection in a cohort population. For greater effectiveness, retention strategies must be reassessed considering the connection between the characteristics of homosexual and bisexual behavior and the motivations to engage in health research.

Objective: To learn the opinion of health professionals regarding the presence of family during pediatric emergency care. Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed with 46 health professionals, members of the medical and nursing team of a pediatric emergency service. The data were collected via the application of a questionnaire composed by variables related to the opinion of professionals about the studied subject, in line with the professional category and the vocational training time, as well as invasive procedures during which the presence of family is authorized by the professionals. Results: The medical staff and the professionals with shorter time after graduation (