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Con el objeto de estudiar la eficacia del Paico y Albendazol para el tratamiento de la ascaridiasis se diseñó un ensayo clínico terapéutico en 60 niños de 3 a 14 años, nativos de una comunidad rural de Huaraz, que se ejecutó entre mayo y agosto del 2000. La muestra se asignó aleatoriamente en 30 casos para Paico y 30 para Albendazol, siendo el criterio de ingreso la positividad del examen de heces para Ascaris lumbricoides. El tratamiento consistió en zumo de Paico: 1ml/Kg en menores de 10 Kg y 2 ml/Kg en niños mayores, una dosis en ayunas, durante tres días seguidos. El Albendazol se administró en dosis única de 400mg en mayores de cinco años y 200mg en menores. La eficacia se evaluó en forma cualitativa (desaparición de los huevos de áscaris en heces) y cuantitativa (disminución de la carga parasitaria); en el examen de heces que se hizo a todos los casos al ingreso y quince días después del tratamiento. Todas las muestras de heces se procesaron en el Laboratorio Referencial de la Dirección Regional de Salud en Ancash. La eficacia cualitativa entre Paico y Albendazol para la erradicación de la ascaridiasis fue similar, 86.7%. La eficacia cuantitativa fue 59.5% para Paico y 58.3% para Albendazol. A diferencia del Albendazol, se observó que Paico es 100% eficaz en el tratamiento de Hymenolepis nana. Los efectos adversos se presentaron en el 23.3% de casos para ambas drogas. Concluímos que aunque Paico y Albendazol tienen eficacia similar contra Ascaris lumbricoides, Paico tiene el beneficio adicional de ser eficaz contra Hymenolepis nana. A therapeutical clinical trial was designed to study the effectiveness of Paico and Albendazole, for the treatment of ascaridiasis in a group of 60 children, between 3 and 14 years old, from a rural community in Huaraz. It was carried out between May and August, 2000. The sample was randomly divided into 30 cases for Paico and 30 for Albendazole, the criteria for entering the trial being a positive examination for Ascaris lumbricoides in feces. The treatment consisted in Paico juice: 1 ml/Kg for less than 10 Kg, and 2 mllKg in larger children, one dose before breakfast, for three consecutive days. The Albendazole was administered in a single dóse of 400 mg in those over five years of age, and 200 mg in younger children. The effectiveness was evaluated qualitatively (the disappearance of the ascaris eggs from the feces) and quantitatively (decrease in the parasitic burden); in the stool examinations carried out in all cases on entering the study and 15 days after the treatment. All the stool samples were processed in the Referential Laboratory of the Regional Health Authority in Ancash. The qualitative effectiveness between Paico and Albendazole for the eradication of ascaridiasis was similar at 86.7%. The quantitative effectiveness was 59.5% for Paico and 58.3% for Albendazole. However, it was observed that, unlike Albedazole, Paico is 100% effective in the treatment of Hymenolepsis nana. Adverse effects were presented in 23.3% of the cases for both drugs. It is concluded that, although Paico and Albendazole have a similar effectiveness against Ascaris lumbricoides, Paico has the additional benefit of being effective against Hymenolepsis nana.

Mais um caso de lagochilascariose em criança procedente do Município de Xinguara PA. No Hospital das Clínicas da UFG, foi feita drenagem do abscesso localizado na região cervical direita, constatando-se a presença de ovos e vermes adultos de Lagochilascaris minor. Instituída terapia com albendazol 400mg/dia (durante 30 dias) e antibioticoterapia, houve regressão do quadro clinico. A new case of lagochilascariasis is reported in a child from Xinguara PA, Brazil. The patient had an abscess in the right cervical region, which was drained at the Clinical Hospital of UFG. Eggs and adult stages of Lagochilascaris minor were found in the secretion of the abscess. Treatment with albendazol, at a dosage of 400mg/day for 30 days, associated with antibiotics promoted regression of the lesion.

Relata-se o caso de doente com forma hidrocefálica e meningoencefalítica de neurocisticercose que, na primeira semana de tratamento com albendazol, desenvolveu simultaneamente polirradiculoneurite e síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana. São relacionados vários agentes etiológicos encontrados na literatura associados à polirradiculoneurite. Comenta-se sobre a possível fisiopatogenia desta entidade na vigência de cisticercose. Faz-se menção a outro caso que apresentou polirradiculoneurite, do tipo síndrome de Guillain-Barré, como única manifestação de provável cisticercose de sistema nervoso. No caso apresentado, além da própria neurocisticercose, o stress cirúrgico e aquele relativo à gravidade do quadro clínico, um possível efeito colateral do albendazol - ou, até mesmo, uma simples coincidência - podem ser considerados como fatores relacionados à presença de polirradiculoneurite nesse doente. Report of a patient with the hydrocephalic and meningoencephalitic form of neurocysticercosis who simultaneously developed polyradiculoneuropathy and intracranial hypertension syndrome during the first week of treatment with albendazole. Etiologic agents associated with polyradiculoneuropathy related in the literature are cited. Some comments about the possible physiopathogeny of this entity in the presence of cysticercosis are also done. It is mentioned another case who presented polyradiculoneuropathy as the only manifestation of a probable cysticercosis of the nervous system. In this presented case, including the neurocysticercosis and even a mere coincidence of facts, some factors can have a relationship with the appearance of polyradiculoneuropathy as the surgical stress, the stress due to the severity of the clinical picture and the possible side effect of albendazole.

Study of 22 patients with the severe form of neurocysticercosis treated with albendazole (ABZ) administered in 6 different schedules ranging from 15 to 30 mg/kg/day for 21 to 60 days. Dextrochloropheniramine and ketoprofen were the adjuvant drugs. Multiple symptoms were observed in 90.9% of patients. Intracranial hypertension was manifested in 90.9%. Hydrocephaly occurred in 86.4%. Evolution was satisfactory in 10 patients, 8 died and 4 had sequelae. Tomographic studies showed the appearance of an isolated IVth ventricle in 9 patients, after ventriculoperitoneal shunt, before ABZ treatment in 3 of them, during in 5 and after treatment in one. Median clinical follow-up duration was 10 months for the patients who died and 3-4 years for survivors. In 3 patients there was an increase in cyst size during the administration of the 15 mg/kg/day ABZ dose, which was not observed in any patient when the 30 mg/kg/day dose was used. Estudo de 22 doentes, com a forma grave de neurocisticercose, tratados com albendazol (ABZ), administrado em 6 diferentes esquemas, que variaram de 15 a 30 mg/kg/dia, durante 21 a 60 dias. A dextroclorofeniramina e o cetoprofeno foram as drogas coadjuvantes. Múltiplos sintomas ocorreram em 20 doentes. Hipertensão intracraniana foi manifestação mais comum em 20. Hidrocefalia foi detectada em 19. A evolução foi satisfatória em 45,4%, faleceram 36,4% e 18,2% ficaram com sequelas. Na evolução tomográfica apareceu IVº ventrículo isolado em 40,9%, após derivação ventriculoperitoneal, em 3 deles antes do tratamento com ABZ, em 5 durante e, em um, após o tratamento. A mediana estatística do período de seguimento clínico foi 10 meses para aqueles que faleceram e 3-4 anos para os sobreviventes. Em 3 doentes houve aumento no tamanho dos cistos durante a dose de 15 mg/kg/dia de ABZ, não observado na vigência de 30 mg/kg/dia.

Gemlik Askeri Veteriner Araştırma Enstitüsü ve Eğitim Merkezi Komutanlığı 'nda bulunan atlardan 96'sının dışkısı parazitolojik yönden incelenmiş, hayvanlardan tümünün (% 100) Strongylidae türleri ile enfekte oldugu belirlenmiş olup 8 (% 8.33) atta aynca Paraseans equonım enfeksiyonu saptanmıştır. Strongylidae türleriyle enfekte hayvanlardan 48'i denemeye alınmış olup, bunlar enfeksiyon şiddeti beşinci gnıp ise albendazolün 7.5 mg/kg dozları ile tedavi edilmiş, altıncı grup ise tedavi edilmeksizin kontrol bırakılmıştır. Uygulanan tedavilerden 14 gün sonra hayvanların gram dışkılarındaki yumuna sayılarında gözlenen azalma febantelin 5 ve 10 mg kg dozlarda verildiği gruplarda sırasıyla % 76.5 ve % 92.0; luxabendazolün 5 ve 10 mg/kg verildiği gruplarda % 91.0 ve % 97.5; albendazoliin 7.5 mg kg dozda uygulandığı grupta ise % 100 olmuştur. İlaçlar kullanıldıkları dozlarda hayvanlarda herhangi bir olumsuz etki meydana getirmemiştir. A sum of 96 horses at different age and sex were subjected to fecal examination for parasitic manifestations. All 96 horses were bıfected itlı Strongylidae spp. (100 percent), and 8 of 96 were also infecled with Parascaris quonını (8.33 percent). Half of the hearth ard ( 48 horses) were u sed in the study, while 8 of 48 were kept as negative controls. Founyh orses were divided into 5 equal study groutps each being consisted of 8 animals. bı the first and second groups 5 and 10 mg/kg of febantel, the third and founh groups 5 and 10 mg/kg hxabendazole, and the last group was treated witlı 7.5 mg/kg of albendazole orally. The fecal examinations canied out 14 days post treatments, and percent reductions of viable eggs per gram off eces were 76.5 to 92 percent for f ebantel, 91.0 to 97.7 percent for luxabendazole, and 100 percent for albendazole treated groutps respectively. No undesired side effects were observed at the dosages applied.

RESUMEN: Se presenta el caso de un paciente con un cisticerco retiniano, tratado sin éxito con praziquantel, quien a los cinco meses del tratamiento presentó fibrosis y desprendimiento de la retina. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica y se encontró el cisticerco vivo. Desde antes de la operación el paciente había perdido la visión por el ojo afectado. Se hace una revisión sobre oftalmocisticercosis y se recomienda tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno y no usar los antihelmínticos con efecto sobre los cisticercos, como son praziquantel y albendazol. ABSTRACT: One case of ocular cysticercosls with retlnallnvolvement, In which prazlquantel treatment was Ineffectlve, Is presented. Flve months after the medlcal treatment the patlent presented wlth retlnal detachment and flbrosls, loss of vlslon through the affected eye and at that time the paraslte was observed allve. Surglcallnterventlon was performed and the recovered cystlcercus showed vlablllty. A revlew on ophtalmocystlcercosls Is presented and recommendatlons are made to treat these cases by early surgery wlthout prior admlnlstratlon of anticysticercus drugs such as prazlquantel or albendazole.

With the objective of knowing adequately the spectrum of activity of albendazole against intestinal helminthiases, we made observations regarding hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana. Two series of investigations were carried out: a) treatment of mice with single doses of either 25 or 50 mg/kg, repeated after ten days, using as controls animals treated with 25 mg/kg of praziquantel or not treated with any antiparasitic drugs; b) treatment of adults and children with 400 mg daily for three consecutive days, repeated after ten days. The observations in animals have shown a lack of efficacy of albendazole, since persistence of live worms in the intestine was verified systematically. On the other hand, only 10% of the treated patients could be considered cured. Therefore, according to the procedures here described, this antiparasitic agent could not satisfactorily treat hymenolepiasis. Com o intuito de demarcar convenientemente o espectro de atividade do albendazol, no que diz respeito às helmintíases intestinais, foram efetuadas observações referentes à himenolepíase causada por Hymenolepis nana. Nesse contexto, duas ordens de investigações tiveram lugar: a) tratamento de camundongos, renovado depois de transcorridos dez dias, por meio de doses únicas de 25 mg/kg ou 50 mg/kg, sendo que 25 mg/kg de praziquantel e animais que não receberam os antiparasitários, serviram como controles; b) tratamento de crianças e adultos mediante uso de 400 mg cotidianamente, em três oportunidades consecutivas, com repetição após intervalo com duração de dez dias. O estudo concernente aos animais revelou ineficácia do albendazol, pois sistematicamente houve verificação da persistência de vermes vivos no intestino. Por seu turno, só 10% dos indivíduos medicados puderam ser considerados curados. Portanto, pelo menos de acordo com a maneira como procedemos, o albendazol não se afigurou capaz de debelar satisfatoriamente a himenolepíase.

Introducción: la suspensión de triclazol 22 se emplea con fines veterinarios como antiparasitario pues contiene triclabendazol y albendazol. Objetivo: validar el método analítico para la determinación simultánea del triclabendazol y albendazol en la suspensión de triclazol 22 aplicable al control de la calidad. Métodos: para cuantificar el principio activo en el producto terminado, la separación se realizó a través de una columna cromatográfica Lichrosorb RP-18 (5 µm) (250 x 4 mm), con detección ultravioleta a 298 nm, empleando una fase móvil compuesta por acetonitrilo: solución amortiguadora de acetato de amonio pH 6,6 (70:30) y la cuantificación de este frente a una muestra de referencia con el método del estándar externo. Resultados: los resultados de los parámetros evaluados en la validación realizada del método se encontraron dentro de los límites establecidos. Conclusiones: el método analítico validado resultó lineal, preciso, exacto y específico en el rango de concentraciones estudiadas.

Com a finalidade de demarcar mais precisamente o espectro de ação do albendazol, foi estudada a atividade terapêutica desse anti-helmíntico em ratos experimentalmente infectados com Strongyloides venezuelensis, tendo sido usada, como termo de comparação, a ação do cambendazol e do mebendazol, dois outros benzimidazólicos. Os três compostos mostraram-se eficientes quando utilizadas doses únicas de 6,75, 12,5, 25 e 50 mg/kg, pois motivaram desaparecimento total das formas adultas no intestino. Com a posologia de 5 mg/kg sucederam porcentagens médias de reduções dos números de vermes de 87%, 98% e 80%, respectivamente, como decorrência do emprego do albendazol, do cambendazol e do mebendazol, traduzindo superioridade da segunda droga citada. In order to settle the precise spectrum of activity of albendazole, its efficacy was tested in the treatment of Strongyloides venezuelensis in experimentally-infected rats. The results were compared to those obtained with two other benzimidaloze derivatives, cambendazole and mebendazole. The three compounds were shown to be effective in eradicating intestinal adult worms completely, when single doses of 625, 12.5, 25 of 50 mg/kg were used. However when smaller doses were employed (5 mg/kg) worm burdens were reduced in 87%, 98% and 80% by albendazole, cambendazole and mebendazole respectively.

The inhibitor effect on the Glycogen synthetase (E.C.2.4.1.11) activity by four anthelmintics: Mebendazole, Parbendazole, Albendazole and Thiabendazole was determinated. The most inhibitor effect of Parbendazole on A. suum, F. hepatica and M. expansa, was observed. The lowest inhibitor effect of Thiabendazole, on all cases, was also observed. The aim of our study, and further studies on the same line, are to provide new reports about the unknown locus of actuation of these anthelmintics. Se ha determinado el effecto inhibidor sobre la actividad Glucogeno sintetasa (E.C.2.41.11) por parte de cuatro antihelminticos: Albendazol, Mebendazol, Parbendazol y Tiabendazol. Observandose que en todos los casos, es el Parbendazol quien ha demostrado un mayor poder inhibidor sobre la glucógeno sintetasa de Ascaris suum, Fasciola hepatica y Moniezia expansa. El Tiabendazol es el anti-helmintico que menor efecto inhibidor ha presentado sobre la enzima en los tres parasitos objeto de nuestro estudio. Con el presente trabajo y otros previstos en la misma linea, se pretende aportar nuevos datos acerca del aun desconocido locus de acción de estos antihelminticos.

Albendazole at the doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg of body weight were tested against the natural infections with Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Paramphistomum spp., Ostertagia spp., Nematodirus spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Chabertia ovina and Trichuris spp. in merino sheep. Results were evaluated according to both egg counts reductions in per gram feces and necropsy findings. Percent reductions of fecal egg counts in Fasciola and gastrointestinal nematode infections were 33.1 % and 98.5 % at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg, and 49.7 % and 99 % at 5 mg/kg, and 98.7 and 100% at 10 mg/kg respectively. At the necropcies, Albendazole at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg were 60.2 %, 71. 8 % and 97.4 % effective against Fasciola spp. respectively. Activity against gastrointestinal nematodes varied between 99.2-100% at the doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg. Albendazole was completely (100 %) effective against adult gastrointestinal nematodes at 10 mg/kg. No side effects were observed at any doses administred. Albendazole showed relatively poor activity against D. dendtiticum and Paramphistomid parasites. Albendazol'ün 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozları merinos koyunlarda Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Paramphistomum spp., Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus spp., Ostertagia spp., Nematodirus spp., Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Chabertia ovina ve Trichuris spp. den oluşan doğal enfeksiyonlara denenmiştir. Sonuçlar hem gram dışkıdaki yumurta sayılarında görülen azalmalara hem de nekropsi bulgularına göre değerlendirilmiştir. Fasciola ve mide-bağırsak nematod enfeksiyonlarında dışkıdaki yumurta sayılarında görülen azalma oranları sırasıyla 2,5 mg/kg dozda % 33.1 ve % 98.5; 5 mg/kg dozda % 49.7 ve % 99; 10 mg/kg dozda % 98.7 ve% 100 olarak belirlenmiştir. Nekropsi bulgularına göre 2.5, 5 ve 10 mg/kg dozda denenen Albendazol'ün Fasciola türlerine sırasıyla % 60.2, % 71.8 ve % 97.4 oranlarında etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. İlacın 2.5 ve 5 mg/kg dozlarının mide-bağırsak nematodlarına etkisi % 99.2-100 arasında değişmiştir. Albendazol'ün 10 mg/kg dozu olgun mide-bağırsak nematodlarına karşı tam (% 100) etkili bulunmuştur. Uygulanan dozlarda hiç bir yan etki gözlenmemiştir. Albendazol, D. dendriticum ve Paramphistomid parazitlere karşı oldukça zayıf bir etki göstermiştir.

La presencia y la evaluación ecotoxicológica de productos farmacéuticos en el ambiente acuático es un área de investigación emergente a nivel global. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto toxicológico acuático de dos colorantes de importancia en la acuicultura, el azul de metileno y el verde de malaquita, y de tres antiparasitarios antihelmínticos, dos productos naturales Parasin®, leche de ojé® y el químico sintético albendazol-praziquantel sobre Daphnia magna Strauss 1820 (Crustácea: Daphniidae). En D. magna (CL50 a 96 h de exposición), los mayores efectos se encontraron con el azul de metileno (CL50= 0.38 mg·L-1) en comparación al verde de malaquita (CL50= 2.97 mg·L-1). Con relación a los productos antiparasitarios en D. magna (CL50 a 48 h), los mayores efectos se encontraron con la leche de ojé (CL50= 0.07%) en comparación al Parasin (CL50= 0.99%). Se observó que el praziquantel (CL50= 30.07 mg·L-1) y el albendazol (CL50= 180.4 mg·L-1) produjeron efectos sobre D. magna a 48 h de exposición. Los dos colorantes produjeron altos efectos en términos de CL50 sobre D. magna en relación a las concentraciones requeridas para su uso en acuicultura. Los dos productos naturales antiparasitarios ocasionaron riesgos en el ambiente acuático a concentraciones menores al 1%. La técnica del cociente de riesgo indicó que el praziquantel y el albendazol no ocasionaron riesgo al ambiente acuático. Ecotoxicological assessment of pharmaceutical products in aquatic environments is an area of emerging research at global level. The aims of the current research were to evaluate aquatic toxicological effects of two aquaculture important dyes: methylene blue and malachite green, of three anthelminthic antiparasitic products, of two natural products Parasin® and leche de ojé®, and of the synthetic chemical albendazole-praziquantel on Daphnia magna Strauss 1820 (Crustacea: Daphniidae). On D. magna (LC50 at 96 h exposure), the highest effects were found with methylene blue (LC50= 0.38 mg·L-1) in comparison to malachite green (LC50= 2.97 mg·L-1). In relation to antiparasitic products on D. magna (LC50 at 48 h), the highest effects were found with leche de ojé (LC50= 0.07 %) in comparison to Parasin (LC50= 0.99 %). Praziquantel (LC50= 30.07 mg·L-1) and albendazole (LC50= 180.4 mg·L-1) were observe to produce effects on D. magna at 48 h of exposure. Both dyes produced high effects in terms of LC50 on D. magna in relation to concentrations required for their use in aquaculture. Both antiparasitic natural products produced risks in aquatic environments at concentrations less than 1%. The quotient risk technique indicated that praziquantel and albendazole did not produce risks on an aquatic environment.

Con la finalidad de valorar la eficacia antihelmíntica de Albendazol 15% frente a nematodos gastrointestinales en corderos de pelo, se desarrolló una investigación en 30 animales con mestizaje predominante West African de tres meses de edad, con infecciones naturales. Fueron divididos en dos grupos, uno tratado con Albendazol 15% y el otro testigo no tratado. Las muestras de heces se tomaron directamente del recto los días cero, siete y 14 postratamiento (DPT), las cuales se analizaron a través de la técnica de McMaster modificada, realizando coprocultivos para la identificación de larvas infectivas. Para la valoración de la eficacia se utilizó el método del porcentaje de reducción en la eliminación fecal de huevos (MPREFH) “in vivo”, realizados en los diferentes días del muestreo. El tratamiento con Albendazol 15% no mostró ningún efecto sobre el MPREFH, presentando el grupo tratado medias de 5.110 y 5.790 huevos por gramo de heces (HPG), y el testigo 3.452 y 3.330 HPG, a los siete y 14 días postratamiento, respectivamente, recuperándose larvas infectivas de Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides papillosus y Bunostomun spp. Fue detectada resistencia antihelmíntica de nematodos gastrointestinales al Albendazol en corderos de pelo en un rebaño venezolano. In order to assess the antihelmintic efficacy of Albendazole in a 15% concentration against gastrointestinal nematodes in hair lambs, it was made a research with 30 crossbreed West African lambs, three months old, naturally infected. The lambs were divided in two groups, one treated with the antihelmintic and else as control untreated. The faeces samples were taken directly of the rectum, previous to the treatment and at seven and fourteen days post treatment (DPT), analyzed through McMaster modified technique. To evaluate the antihelmintic efficacy was used the faecal eggs count reduction test (FECRT) “in vivo” and the identification of the infective larvaes recovered from faecal cultures. The treatment did not showed any effect against the FECRT, observed in the treated groups means of 5,110 and 5,790 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the control 3,452 and 3,330 EPG, to the seven and 14 DPT, respectively. From faecal cultures infective larvaes of Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Bunostomun spp. and Strongyloides papillosus were recovered. Antihelmintic resistance was detected in gastrointestinal nematodes against Albendazole in hair lambs of a Venezuelan flock. 27-30 francisco.angulo@fcv.luz.edu.ve ; fangulo@luz.edu.ve Bimestral