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5,858 results on '"Zhu, Xing"'

312. Altered receptor binding, antibody evasion and retention of T cell recognition by the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 spike protein

Author

Mannar, Dhiraj, primary, Saville, James W., additional, Poloni, Chad, additional, Zhu, Xing, additional, Bezeruk, Alison, additional, Tidey, Keith, additional, Ahmed, Sana, additional, Tuttle, Katharine S., additional, Vahdatihassani, Faezeh, additional, Cholak, Spencer, additional, Cook, Laura, additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, and Subramaniam, Sriram, additional

Published
2024
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330. Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.

Author

Lorenzi, Hernan, Khan, Asis, Behnke, Michael S, Namasivayam, Sivaranjani, Swapna, Lakshmipuram S, Hadjithomas, Michalis, Karamycheva, Svetlana, Pinney, Deborah, Brunk, Brian P, Ajioka, James W, Ajzenberg, Daniel, Boothroyd, John C, Boyle, Jon P, Dardé, Marie L, Diaz-Miranda, Maria A, Dubey, Jitender P, Fritz, Heather M, Gennari, Solange M, Gregory, Brian D, Kim, Kami, Saeij, Jeroen PJ, Su, Chunlei, White, Michael W, Zhu, Xing-Quan, Howe, Daniel K, Rosenthal, Benjamin M, Grigg, Michael E, Parkinson, John, Liu, Liang, Kissinger, Jessica C, Roos, David S, and Sibley, L David

Subjects
Toxoplasma, Protozoan Proteins, DNA, Protozoan, RNA, Messenger, Phylogeny, Virulence, Gene Expression Regulation, Conserved Sequence, Synteny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Protozoan, DNA, Protozoan, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, RNA, Messenger
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.

Published
2016

331. Control of the stability and soliton formation of dipole moments in a nonlinear plasmonic finite nanoparticle array

Author

Mai, Zhijie, Fu, Shenhe, Li, Yongyao, Zhu, Xing, Liu, Yikun, and Li, Juntao

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We perform numerical analysis of a finite nanoparticle array, in which the transversal dipolar polarizations are excited by a homogenous optical field. Considering the linearly long-range dipole-dipole interaction and the cubic dipole nonlinearity of particle, the characteristics of stability of a finite number nanoparticle array should be revised, compared with that of an infinite number nanoparticle array. A critical point in the low branch of the bistable curve is found, beyond which the low branch becomes unstable for a finite number of nanoparticles. The influence of the external field intensities and detuning frequencies on this critical point are investigated in detail. When the total number of particles approaches infinity, our results become similar to that of an infinity number particle system [cf. Ref.32]. Notably, with appropriate external optical field, a dark dipole soliton is formed. Moreover, when the scaled detuning is set to an appropriate value, a double monopole dark soliton (DMDS) consisting of two particles is formed. The DMDS may have potential applications in the subwavelength highly precise detection because of its very small width., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications (Elsevier), in press

Published
2014
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340. Bulk vortices and half-vortex surface modes in parity-time-symmetric media

Author

Li, Huagang, Zhu, Xing, Shi, Zhiwei, Malomed, Boris A., Lai, Tianshu, and Lee, Chaohong

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We demonstrate that in-bulk vortex localized modes, and their surface half-vortex ("horseshoe") counterparts self-trap in two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear optical systems with $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric photonic lattices (PLs). The respective stability regions are identified in the underlying parameter space. The in-bulk states are related to truncated nonlinear Bloch waves in gaps of the PL-induced spectrum. The basic vortex and horseshoe modes are built, severally, of four and three beams with appropriate phase shifts between them. Their stable complex counterparts, built of up to 12 beams, are reported too., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014
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341. Testing the rotating lighthouse model with the double pulsar system PSR J0737-3039A/B

Author

Liang, Zhu-Xing, Liang, Yi, and Weisberg, Joel M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Each of the two pulsars in the double pulsar PSR J0737-3039A/B system exhibits not only the pulses emanating from itself, but also displays modulations near the pulse period of the other. Freire et al. (2009, MNRAS, 396, 1764) have put forward a technique using the modulation of B by A to determine the sense of rotation of pulsar A relative to its orbital motion, among other quantities. In this paper, we present another technique with the same purpose. While the Freire et al. approach analyzes pulse arrival times, ours instead uses periods or frequencies (their inverses), which can be experimentally determined via power spectral analysis similar to that used in pulsar searches. Our technique is based on the apparent change in spin period of a body when it is measured from an orbiting platform (the other pulsar), and is shown to be entirely analogous to the difference between the sidereal and solar spin period of the Earth (i.e., the sidereal and solar day). Two benefits of this approach are its conceptual and computational simplicity. The direct detection of spin with this technique will observationally validate the rotating lighthouse model of pulsar emission, while the detection of the relative directions of spin and orbital angular momenta has important evolutionary implications. Our technique can be used on other binary systems exhibiting mutually induced phenomena., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, accepted by MNRAS, this article supersedes arXiv:1210.6561

Published
2014
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343. Effects of Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic hippocampal neurons and dendritic spines in neonatal rats

Author

ZHU Xing, TANG Zhen, XIANG Xiying, SUN Yanyan, WANG Bo, and HEI Mingyan

Subjects
hypoxic-ischemic injury, neonate, brain injuries, hippocampus, toll-like receptor 4, rats, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic hippocampal neurons and dendritic spines in neonatal rats. Methods Seventy-five neonatal (7-day-old) rats were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia-ischemia group (HI group) and TAK-242 (a TLR4-specific antagonist) group. In the latter 2 groups, rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) were established using the Rice method, and in TAK-242 group, a single dose of TAK-242 (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min prior to HI. Western blotting was used to detect TLR4 expression in the left hippocampus of the rats 24 h after HI. On day 21 following the modeling, HE staining, Nissl staining and Golgi silver staining were used to assess neuronal loss and the changes in dendritic spine density in the left hippocampus. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors 2A and 2B (NR2A and NR2B) was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results The expression of TLR4 in the left hippocampus of the neonatal rats increased significantly at 24 h after HI (P < 0.05), and TAK-242 obviously suppressed the up-regulated expression of TLR4 (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the number of neurons, dendritic spine density and the expression of NR2A all decreased significantly in the left hippocampus of the rats at 21 d after HI (P < 0.05); pretreatment with TAK-242 obviously alleviated these changes (P < 0.05). Conclusion TLR4 inhibitor can mitigate HI-induced long-term damage of the hippocampal neurons and the dendritic spines.

Published
2020
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344. Two negative experimental results and analysis of Alfvén’s theorem

Author

Zhu-Xing Liang and Yi Liang

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Alfvén’s theorem concerning “frozen-in magnetic field” states that the magnetic field lines, passing through an ideal conductive fluid, are frozen with the fluid, and the fluid can move along the magnetic field lines but cannot cross them. Here, we present two negative experimental results and an analysis of the theorem. The experimental results prove that Alfvén’s theorem cannot correctly explain the evolution of the magnetic field and magnetic resistance; therefore, it is incorrect. Mathematical analysis explains why this theorem is incorrect.

Published
2022

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