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To explore the effect of magnesium gluconate (MgG) on lipid metabolism and its regulation mechanism through animal experiments, and to provide basis for MgG dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia. The first four weeks was hyperlipidemia-inducing period through high-fat diet and the following eight weeks was the MgG supplementation. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid profile, antioxidative indexes, pathological examination, and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression. Oral administration of MgG notably decreased the blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and liver function index ALT and AST of hyperlipidemic rats. The rats supplemented with magnesium showed a huge increase in the GSH-Px and SOD activities, and reduced the heart weight and liver lipid accumulation of high-fat diet fed rats. MgG remarkably up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibited an increase in lipid profile and liver function index by a high-fat diet, and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Magnesium has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the liver against hyperlipidemia.

To investigate the protective effect and relevant mechanism of Fuzi Lizhong decoction (FZLZD) on liver of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), totally 32 male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, Yishanfu (YSF) group (200 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and FZLZD group (10 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹), with 8 rats in each group. Rat model of NAFLD was prepared through the intragastric administration with fat emulsion for 4 weeks. After the successful modeling, rats in each administration group were continuously administered for 4 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats in each group were put to death, and the pathological changes in liver tissue were detected by HE staining. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect fasting serum lipid levels (T-Chol, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C) and liver functions (ALT, TP, ALB) of rats in each group. The rat liver index was calculated by weighing method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in liver tissue. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of fat metabolism-related factors SREBP-1c and FASN in liver tissue. Western blot was used to detect the p-AMPK and p-NF-κBp65 protein expressions in liver tissue. The results of HE staining showed that compared with the control group, the pathological changes in liver tissue in the model group rats were obvious; specifically, the outline of hepatic lobule was unclear, the hepatic cells showed diffuse steatosis of adipose tissue, and were accompanied by inflammatory infiltration, nuclear condensation, coloring deep; compared with the model group, liver lesions of all of the treatment groups were significantly alleviated; especially, the FZLZD group showed the most significant degree of remission. The results of serum test showed that the levels of serum lipids (T-Chol, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), liver functions (ALT, TP, ALB) and liver index in model group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P <0.01); compared with the model group, the indexes of serum lipid and liver function of rats in each treatment group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01), and those in FZLZD group were significantly decreased ( P <0.05), while those in YSF group were not significantly changed. The results of ELISA and qRT-PCR showed that compared with the control group, the secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c and FASN in the liver tissue of model group rats were significantly increased ( P <0.01); compared with model group, the secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c, FASN in liver tissue of rats in each treatment group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01); compared with YSF group, the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c and FASN in FZLZD group were significantly different ( P <0.01). Western blotting showed that compared with the model group, the protein expression of p-AMPK in liver tissue of rats in FZLZD group was significantly increased ( P <0.01), while the protein expression of p-NF-κBp65 was significantly decreased ( P <0.01). FZLZD can significantly improve hepatic pathological changes, reduce serum lipid levels, promote liver function and liver index in NAFLD rats, which may be associated with the activation of the AMPK pathway and thereby the inhibition of the expressions of SREBP-1c and FASN, and the inhibition of the NF-κBp65 pathway and thereby the reduction of the release of inflammatory factors., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To study the effect of Bushen Tongdu Capsule (BTC) on RANK/RANKL/ OPG pathway of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats, thereby laying theoretic evidence for treating rheumatic arthritis (RA) by Chinese medicine., Methods: RA model was induced by CIA. Totally 42 rats were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the low dose BTC (BSL) group, the medium dose BTC (BSM) group, the high dose BTC (BSH) group, and the Tripterygium Glycosides (TG) group, 7 in each group. BTC at the daily dose of 120, 240, and 480 mg/kg was given by gastrogavage to rats in the BSL, BSM, and BSH group respectively from the 13th day of modeling. TG at the daily dose of 24 mg/kg was given by gastrogavage to rats in the TG group. All medication was given once daily, 2 mL each time. Two mL normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group. All medication lasted for 18 days. Samples were taken at day 31. The TRAP section of the ankle joint was fixed in 10% formalin for TRAP stain. Serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were detected using ELISA., Results: Compared with the normal control group, positive reactions of pathological ankle joint section, inflammation, and osteoclasia degree were significantly improved in the model group, serum levels of RANKL and M-CSF were up-regulated, levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL were significantly lowered (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, positive reactions of pathological ankle joint section, inflammation, and osteoclasia degree also significantly decreased in the BSH group and the TG group (all P < 0.01). RANKL and M-CSF were significantly down-regulated in each medicated group, while levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL were significantly up-regulated (all P < 0.01). Compared with the TG group, M-CSF was lower, but levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL were significantly up-regulated in the normal control group (all P < 0.01). RANKL and M-CSF were significantly up-regulated, while levels of OPG and OPG/RANKL were significantly down-regulated in the model group and each BS group (all P < 0.01)., Conclusion: BTC could relieve bone damage of CIA rats possibly through regulating and controlling osteoclasts.

Ileal conduit stomal varices are rare, and may result in bleeding. The standard treatment modality for management of this type of hemorrhage has not been established. We present the case of a 70-year-old woman with progressive ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding which was successfully managed by endovascular embolization via the transjugular transhepatic approach. In conclusion, transjugular transhepatic endovascular embolization is a good choice in patients with ileal conduit stomal variceal bleeding who have failed conservative therapy.

In the title complex, [FeMn(C(8)H(8)N(3))(2)Cl(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), the Mn(II) atom, located on an inversion center, is octa-hedrally coordinated by two N atoms from two adjacent 1,1'-bis-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmeth-yl)ferrocene (btmf) ligands and two Cl atoms forming the equatorial plane, with the axial positions occupied by two O atoms of coordinated water mol-ecules. The btmf ligands link adjoining Mn(II) atoms into a zigzag chain along the a axis. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link the chains, forming a two-dimensional layer parallel to (10); O-H⋯Cl inter-actions link the layers, forming a three-dimensional network.

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) is the most widespread narcotics in the 21st century. The methamphetamine's intoxication mechanism, psychological dependence, drug resistance and therapeutic drug development are the hot spots in current research. Establishment of animal model with methamphetamine poisoning is the basic for the relative studies, the normalization and standardization of the animal model settles the foundation for methamphetamine's further research. This article reviews the animal model of methamphetamine poisoning in China and abroad, the brief history of the acute, subacute and chronic animal model of methamphetamine poisoning, as well as the principles and methods of the animal model establishment and its evaluation criteria. The necessity, significance and its scientific expansion of performing experimental research on the methamphetamine poisoning animal model are also discussed.

The present article discusses the clustering analysis used in the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis of Chinese traditional medicines, which provides a new method for the classification of Chinese traditional medicines. Samples selected purposely in the authors' research to measure their absorption spectra in seconds by a multi-channel NIR spectrometer developed in the authors' lab were safrole, eucalypt oil, laurel oil, turpentine, clove oil and three samples of costmary oil from different suppliers. The spectra in the range of 0.70-1.7 microm were measured with air as background and the results indicated that they are quite distinct. Qualitative mathematical model was set up and cluster analysis based on the spectra was carried out through different clustering methods for optimization, and came out the cluster correlation coefficient of 0.9742 in the authors' research. This indicated that cluster analysis of the group of samples is practicable. Also it is reasonable to get the result that the calculated classification of 8 samples was quite accorded with their characteristics, especially the three samples of costmary oil were in the closest classification of the clustering analysis.

Objective: To investigate the association between p16, p53 and Ki-67 expression and high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)., Methods: Using a self-prepared tissue microarray, p16, p53, and Ki-67 expression was detected in 243 cases of CIN and 30 cases of normal cervical epitheliums by immunohistochemistry, and high-risk HPV infection was detected by gene hybridization capture II., Results: p16, p53 and Ki-67 expressions were all negative in normal cervical epitheliums, but all positive in CIN. The expression of p16 and Ki-67 was 88.2 (67/76) and 92.1% (70/76) in CIN grade 1, respectively, and both were 100% in CIN grades 2 and 3, and the intensity of positive expression was significantly correlated with CIN grade (P<0.001). The positive cells in CIN grade 1 were mostly within the lower 1/3 of the squamous epithelium, while in CIN grade 2, the positive cells involved the lower 2/3 of the epithelium layers; in CIN grade 3, more than 2/3 or almost the full thickness of the epithelium was involved, suggesting significant correlation between the involvement and CIN grades (P<0.001). p53 expression was positive in 31.6% (24/76) of the cases in CIN grade 1, 53.4% (47/88) in CIN grade 2 and 58.2% (46/79) in CIN grade 3, and the intensity of positive expression was in significantly correlation with CIN grades (P<0.001), but no significant difference occurred between CIN 2 and CIN 3. High-risk HPV were detected in 37/52 (71.2%) of the cases in CIN grade 1, 50/58 (86.2%) in CIN 2 and 50/55 (90.9%) in CIN 3, and the relative DNA amount was significantly correlated with CIN grade (P<0.001), but there as no significant difference between CIN 2 and CIN 3., Conclusions: High-risk HPV infection and p16, p53, Ki-67 overexpression all play important roles in the carcinogenesis of cervical precancerous lesion, and both p16 and Ki-67 expression are useful markers in diagnosis and staging of CIN.

The gene encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-NJ) was subcloned from pMD-VN5, and inserted into pBAD/Thio TOPO vector. The recombinant plasmid was identified by restriction analysis and PCR. It was sequenced to confirm the correct sequences and the correct junctional orientations of the inserted N gene. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western immunoblotting revealed that the N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli LGM194 in a high level and the recombinant fusion protein, which contained a N-terminal HP-Thioredoxin and a C-terminal polyhistidine tag. It had a molecular mass of approximately 63.5 kD and immunologically reactive activity. The recombinant protein was characterized and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format for potential application in the serodiagnosis of vesicular stomatitis using 186 serum samples from experimentally infected goats and guinea-pigs with VSV-NJ and VSV-IN, and from field origin and reference serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were compared with those of the standard microtiter serum neutralization (MTSN) tests. The ELISA and MTSN test results were highly correlated for detection of VSV antibodies. The ELISA was as sensitive as the SN assay in detecting positive serum to VSV. The correlation between SN titers and ELISA titers was statistically significant. These data suggest that the recombinant fusion N protein of VSV could be used as a recombinant test antigen for the serodiagnosis of vesicular stomatitis. The ELISA based on the reconmbinant nucleocapsid protein may offer the best combination of rapidity, sensitivity, simplicity, economy, and laboratory biosafety of any of the methods yet developed for VSV serodiagnosis. This study lay on foundation for the development of the diagnosis methods in serology for VSV.

Objectives: To observe the function of heme oxygenase (HO) in the lung damage in hepatic cirrhosis rats., Methods: Liver cirrhosis model rats were made by CCl4. Lung samples taken from normal and cirrhotic rats were examined for HO-1 and HO-2 protein and expression distribution with immunohistochemical staining and western blot., Results: Liver cirrhosis model rats were successfully constructed. There was a notable increase of HO-1 staining (0.062+/-0.021 vs 0.185+/-0.044, t=11.24, P<0.01) and protein expression (0 vs 5294.92+/-46.02, t=11.45, P<0.01) in both vascular and bronchial smooth muscle cells and endothelium in cirrhotic rats, however, no statistical difference of HO-2 between cirrhotic and normal rats was observed., Conclusion: The HO-CO pathway is probably involved in the pathogenesis of lung damage in hepatic cirrhosis rats.