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Abstract Finding the correspondence between the captured and projected uncoded stripe pattern, which is called the indexing problem, has proved to be difficult to overcome reliably. Due to the interference of the non‐ideal phenomena, the extracted stripe might be lost, increased or shifted undetectably. This letter proposes a graph‐matching based method to address this problem. The captured stripes are categorized into two parts according to whether they should be offset after projection. For the non‐offset stripes, they can be accurately indexed by the predetermined projection pattern. Based on the structural similarity that exists on the two kinds of stripes, we establish two graphs and match them to index the offset stripes fast and effectively. Thus, the iterative process in the previous study is avoided and the troublesome issues are solved. The proposed method is applied to the virtual touchpad scheme to make an arbitrary surface touch‐sensitiveness. Experimental results show that the ameliorated virtual touchpad scheme yields an average touch detection accuracy of 96.07%, and the indexing accuracy evaluated by randomly selected patterns is 100%.

This study uses a numerical simulation for coal gasification operation in a drop tube gasifier to investigate the effects of wall temperature and oxygen-to-coal ratios on gasification. Coal gasification is an efficient approach to electricity generation, offering a cleaner alternative to conventional coal combustion methods. A 2-D CFD model of the gasifier was employed to perform grid sensitivity analysis and subsequently compute the influences of varying wall temperatures (1000 K, 1250 K, and 1500 K) and oxygen-to-coal ratios (0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.2) on the temperature profile, syngas composition, and velocity within the gasifier. Temperature profiling within the furnace defined a spectrum of maximum and minimum temperatures, with apex values recorded at 2100 K and lowest values at 1300 K for Cases 12 and 1, respectively. High oxygen-to-coal ratios favored the production of CO2 due to enhanced combustion reactions, whereas lower oxygen-to-coal ratios were conducive to higher yields of CO and H2, essential syngas components. Velocity profiles of particles within the gasifier increased with higher temperatures and oxygen-to-coal ratios, and the maximum velocity was 9 m per second. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into optimizing operational parameters such as wall temperatures and oxygen-to-coal ratios to enhance the performance and efficiency of coal gasification processes in lab-scale gasifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzzy testing is the most effective method for vulnerability mining, which can deal with complex programmes better than other vulnerability mining techniques and has strong scalability. However, in the large-scale vulnerability analysis test, the fuzzy test input sample set faces the challenges of low quality, high repeatability and low availability etc. Therefore, this paper studies the input sample set and proposes heuristic genetic algorithm. By using 0–1 matrix, the genetic algorithm is improved with a consideration of practical problems and the execution path for sample set is selected and compressed through approximation algorithm, thus obtaining a smallest sample set and accelerating the efficiency of fuzzy test. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective.

Abstract The problem of state estimation for non‐linear systems with unknown inputs is discussed. The objective is to construct a non‐linear filter where the unknown input affects both the state equation and measurement equation. An auto‐calibration Kalman filter is proposed with three stages, where the first and second stages are the extension of the two‐stage Kalman filter in non‐linear system cases, and the third stage is the extended Kalman filter with correlated noise. Compared with the two‐stage extended Kalman filter, the presented algorithm conducts a more reasonable linearization of the measurement equation in the third stage. As a result, auto‐calibration is realized and more accurate and more stable state estimation can be obtained. Simulative and practical examples both demonstrate the validity and superiority of the presented auto‐calibration Kalman filter. Furthermore, positioning experiments illustrate that the auto‐calibration Kalman filter can obtain an accurate long‐term heading estimation in pedestrian navigation and is easy to apply in engineering applications.

Titanium and titanium alloys have been restricted in tribology-related field, because of their disadvantages, such as low surface hardness, high friction coefficient and poor wear resistance. Various surface modification techniques have been applied to improve their deficiencies. As a new technology of severe surface plastic deformation, ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technique has been widely used to realize the surface treatment of various materials, and also has attracted wide attention in many engineering fields. This review begins with a brief introductionof the basic concept and the modification mechanism of the UNSM technique. The specific applications of the UNSM technique for improving the tribological and fatigue properties of titanium and its alloys were reviewed and summarized.

Abstract Background To evaluate the predictive value of AR-V7 expression detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) in the prognosis of prostate cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) following radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods We retrospectively collected data of 110 patients with prostate cancer receiving RP, followed by AHT, from Tongji hospital. IHC analysis of AR-V7 expression was performed in a retrospective cohort. Results In total, 110 patients were enrolled, of whom 21 patients (19.1%) were AR-V7-positive and 89 patients (80.9%) were AR-V7-negative. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between the two groups. AR-V7-positive patients had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 4.26; 95% CI, 1.55 to 11.68; P = 0.003), shorter cancer-special survival (CSS) (HR: 22.47; 95% CI, 2.912 to 173.4; P = 0.003) and shorter overall survival (OS) (HR: 6.61; 95% CI, 1.40 to 31.20; P = 0.017) compared to AR-V7-negative patients. In multivariate analysis, AR-V7 is an independent risk factor for shorter PFS (HR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.63 to 8.70; P = 0.002), shorter CSS (HR: 9.17; 95% CI, 1.48 to 55.56; P = 0.017) and shorter OS (HR: 4.81; 95% CI, 1.28 to 17.86; P = 0.020). Conclusion The presence of AR-V7 in prostate cancer tissue is independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis for PFS, OS and CSS in patients who received AHT.

Abstract In this paper, groundwater treatment sludge (GTS) was recycled as a magnetic adsorbent via a facile calcination process without adding any reductant. The prepared magnetic adsorbents (MAs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnenometer (VSM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results showed that GTS comprised 33.2% Fe, 1.4% Al and 6.2% Si, and exhibited a weak saturation magnetization of 0.0008 emu/g. Without NaOH, the GTS calcinated at 700 and 500 °C were well magnetized with Ms of 20.1 and 7.1 emu/g, separately, but exhibited a low Ms of 0.43 emu/g at 300 °C. By adding NaOH powder, the Ms of GTS apparently increased to 4.9 emu/g after calcination at 300 °C, and further to 8.5 emu/g at 500 °C. In GTS, about 96.1% Fe was involved in ferrihydrite form. The Ms of calcinated GTS was accompanied with the phase transformation of ferrihydrite to maghemite. Si/Al oxides in GTS coordinated on the surface sites of ferrihydrite and inhibited the conjunction and phase transformation of adjacent ferrihydrite particles, but were effectively desorbed as in the presence of NaOH. Na500, preparing by calcinating GTS at 500 °C with NaOH, showed an optimal total surface sites (H s) of 0.65 mmol/g. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was used as a target for studying the adsorption characteristics of synthetic magnetic adsorbents and a high adsorption capacity of oxytetracycline of 862.1 mg/g in comparison with the other calcinated GTS, and the adsorption data was consistent with the Langmuir model. By adding 6 g/L Na-500, approximately 100% of oxytetracycline and tetracycline and nearly 40% total organic carbon were removed from real pharmaceutical wastewater. With the method, GTS can be converted in mass production to magnetic adsorbent that exhibits effective application in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the following mixed type quadratic-cubic functional equation \begin{align*} 2f(2x+y)+2f(2x-y) = 4f(x+y)+4f(x-y)+4f(2x)+f(2y)-8f(x)-8f(y) \end{align*} in non-Archimedean $(n,\beta)$-normed spaces.

AbstractWith the development of high-pressure and high-temperature condensate gas wells, the wellbore blockage problems have become increasingly serious. Hence, selecting appropriate treatment technology plays a crucial role in solving the wellbore blockage problems. This study presents a comprehensive literature review on understanding the blockage type, mechanism, and treatment of the high-temperature and high-pressure condensate gas wells. The causes, endangerments, mechanisms, influences, and preventive technologies of the 4 wellbore blockage types are presented. The significant aspects of the treatment technology, such as the principle, type, advantage and disadvantage, adaptability, limitation, and future research direction of the treatment technologies, are thoroughly discussed. The breakthrough solid autogenetic heat treatment technology has been selected to remove hydrate blockage. The present review highlights the current state in the industry, future position, and strategies for the researchers to follow. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages and future research directions of specific treatment technology are presented on the removing effect, cost, and environmental aspects.

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of apalutamide on endocrine function and flare prevention in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients administered GnRH agonists.MethodsThe first newly diagnosed mHSPC patient took apalutamide for 2 weeks followed by combination with GnRH agonist, as recommended by clinical guidelines. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and PSA were detected during the oral administration of apalutamide before and after ADT. Eight newly diagnosed mHSPC patients innovatively took apalutamide 1 hour before GnRH agonist administration; LH, testosterone and PSA were detected before and after ADT.ResultsIn the first patient, LH and testosterone levels were increased during apalutamide monotherapy, and serum PSA levels decreased rapidly, demonstrating apalutamide effectively blocked AR signaling. In patients on the 1-hour regimen, combined treatment with apalutamide and GnRH agonists led to peak level of testosterone on day 3 and castration level on day 28, while PSA decreased continuously. No one experienced dysuria or bone pain worsen after ADT.ConclusionTaking apalutamide 1 hour in advance may effectively prevent the flare-up effect in prostate cancer patients treated with GnRH agonists. Compared with the 2-week regimen, the 1-hour regimen could simplify the treatment process and bring testosterone to castration levels in advance.

Abstract Here, a 4‐level pulse amplitude modulation direct decision feedback equaliser (DFE) with a novel dynamic current‐mode‐logic comparator (DCMLC) is presented. The DCMLC breaks the trade‐off between settling time and regeneration time in traditional CML comparator design by utilizing dynamic logic and separately optimizes the tracking stage and regeneration stage for a correct latch operation at ultrahigh speed. Compared with the traditional CML comparator, the DCMLC reduces delay by 36% and has better input sensitivity on high baud rates at the cost of 7% shrunk output swing. The negative capacitance is adopted to achieve a 0.5 dB bandwidth extension ratio of up to 1.89. The reduced delay and wider bandwidth of the proposed comparator allow the implementation of 4‐tap direct DFE at 56 Gbps with 2.8 pJ/bit energy efficiency and an active area of 0.007 mm2 in 65‐nm CMOS technology.

To study the dynamic response characteristics of concrete beams with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars(FRP), the failure process, energy conversion, and dissipation of FRP beams without stirrups under different impact velocity, longitudinal reinforcement, and shear span ratios were discussed through drop weight impact test. The results show that: 1. The failure process of FRP beams can be divided into four stages: impact response stage, damage initiation stage, crack development stage, and spring-back stage. 2. On the basis of the assumption that the displacement distribution of FRP beams is sinusoidal, inertia force was obtained by using the principle of virtual work. Through the analysis of the impact force-time history and the sum of inertia force and supporting force- time history, it is verified that the inertia force formula of RC beam is also suitable for FRP beam.

In this paper, we solve the additive $ \rho $-functional inequalities:where $ \rho $ is a fixed non-Archimedean number with $ |\rho| < 1 $. More precisely, we investigate the solutions of these inequalities in non-Archimedean $ 2 $-normed spaces, and prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of these inequalities in non-Archimedean $ 2 $-normed spaces. Furthermore, we also prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of additive $ \rho $-functional equations associated with these inequalities in non-Archimedean $ 2 $-normed spaces.

Abstract To observe a large area of ionosphere with relatively dense observing points, we design and implement an experimental multi‐transmitting and multi‐receiving ionospheric detection network in China. Two transmitters located in Wuhan and Mile and two receivers located in Kaiyuan and Luxi are used to form the ionospheric detection network. The radio echoes of the network are reflected at the mid‐point ionosphere between the transmitter and receiver. The radio systems in the network work simultaneously and the echoes from the two transmitters can be recorded in one ionogram of a receiver. With the inversion technique, the oblique‐incidence ionogram is converted to a vertical‐incidence ionogram, and then the ionospheric parameters, such as the critical frequency and peak height of F2‐layer (foF2 and hmF2), as well as the electron density profile, can be obtained. The foF2 variation recorded by the oblique‐incidence ionograms is compared with the same data of the vertical‐incidence ionosondes in Qujing and Chongqing. There is a little deviation between the observation results of the two kinds of the ionospheric detection systems. The preliminary experimental results show that the ionospheric oblique‐incidence detection network composed of several independent high‐frequency transmitters and receivers is an effective and low‐cost solution for large‐area ionospheric observation.

Understanding antibody responses to Sars-CoV-2 proteins over time is complicated by many variables. Here the authors survey IgM and IgG antibodies against S protein, RBD and nucleoprotein in a large cohort of infected and recovering severe vs. moderate COVID-19 patients, comparing against clinical parameters and immunological readouts.

Abstract Background T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) is an uncommon and aggressive subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the serum of T‐ALL patients, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is increased. We proposed that targeting LDHA may be a potential strategy to improve T‐ALL outcomes. The current study was conducted to investigate the antileukemic effect of LDHA gene‐targeting treatment on T‐ALL and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Primary T‐ALL cell lines Jurkat and DU528 were treated with the LDH inhibitor oxamate. MTT, colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were performed to investigate the effects of oxamate on T‐ALL cells. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting analyses were applied to determine the related signaling pathways. A mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was performed to evaluate ROS production after T‐ALL cells were treated with oxamate. A T‐ALL transgenic zebrafish model with LDHA gene knockdown was established using CRISPR/Cas9 gene‐editing technology, and then TUNEL, Western blotting, and T‐ALL tumor progression analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of LDHA gene knockdown on T‐ALL transgenic zebrafish. Results Oxamate significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of Jurkat and DU528 cells. It also arrested Jurkat and DU528 cells in G0/G1 phase and stimulated ROS production (all P

Abstract Background Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the serious infectious diseases worldwide; however, the gene network involved in the host response remain largely unclear. Methods This study integrated two cohorts profile datasets GSE34608 and GSE83456 to elucidate the potential gene network and signaling pathways in PTB. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained for Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis using Metascape database. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed by the online database the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING). Modules were identified by the plug-in APP Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) in Cytoscape. GO and KEGG pathway of Module 1 were further analyzed by STRING. Hub genes were selected for further expression validation in dataset GSE19439. The gene expression level was also investigated in the dataset GSE31348 to display the change pattern during the PTB treatment. Results Totally, 180 shared DEGs were identified from two datasets. Gene function and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DEGs mainly enriched in defense response to other organism, response to bacterium, myeloid leukocyte activation, cytokine production, etc. Seven modules were clustered based on PPI network. Module 1 contained 35 genes related to cytokine associated functions, among which 14 genes, including chemokine receptors, interferon-induced proteins and Toll-like receptors, were identified as hub genes. Expression levels of the hub genes were validated with a third dataset GSE19439. The signature of this core gene network showed significant response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, and correlated with the gene network pattern during anti-PTB therapy. Conclusions Our study unveils the coordination of causal genes during PTB infection, and provides a promising gene panel for PTB diagnosis. As major regulators of the host immune response to Mtb infection, the 14 hub genes are also potential molecular targets for developing PTB drugs.

Although the tumor suppressor P53 is known to regulate a broad network of signaling pathways, it is still unclear how certain drugs influence these P53 signaling networks. Here, we used a comprehensive single-cell multiomics view of the effects of ginsenosides on cancer cells. Transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed that the antitumor activity of ginsenosides is closely associated with P53 protein. A miRNA–proteome interaction network revealed that P53 controlled the transcription of at least 38 proteins, and proteome-metabolome profiling analysis revealed that P53 regulated proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism and “Warburg effect”. The results of integrative multiomics analysis revealed P53 protein as a potential key target that influences the anti-tumor activity of ginsenosides. Furthermore, by applying affinity mass spectrometry (MS) screening and surface plasmon resonance fragment library screening, we confirmed that 20(S)-protopanaxatriol directly targeted adjacent regions of the P53 DNA-binding pocket and promoted the stability of P53–DNA interactions, which further induced a series of omics changes.

In this work, Ti6Al4V alloy was treated by a duplex treatment of double glow plasma surface molybdenizing-laser surface texturing (LST) aiming to realize surface strengthening and manipulate its tribological behavior. The double glow plasma surface alloying (DGPSA) with molybdenum (Mo) was firstly conducted on the Ti6Al4V alloy and followed by LST to prepare round dimple-shape texture with a density of 5%, 7%, 11%. The results showed that Mo and Mo/Ti solid solution phases were detected in the Mo-layer by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the received Mo-layer with a thickness of about 13 μm was uniform and compact. Double glow plasma surface molybdenizing significantly improved the surface hardness and elastic modulus of Ti6Al4V alloy by nanoindentation test. The gradient distributed Mo-layer was tightly adhered to the Ti6Al4V alloy matrix through scratching and indentation tests. Duplex treated Ti6Al4V alloy with a 5% texture density suggested better wear resistance in comparison to the untreated Ti6Al4V alloy, which was confirmed by a 48.7% lower specific wear rate than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Taking advantages of DGPSA and LST, duplex treatment of double glow plasma surface molybdenizing-laser surface texturing was established to create on the working surface of Ti6Al4V alloy with promisingly improved tribological behavior.

Higher performance is steadily required in the field of material surface engineering, especially in terms of surface degradation of mechanical parts and repair and renewal of surfaces. By preparing a more reasonable surface design and improving the surface composition and structure of the material, the surface modification layer can provide an important potential solution to the surface degradation problem. The coatings obtained by double glow plasma surface alloying (DGPSA) technology are a compelling method in current and future applications because of a unique combination of characteristics including pollution-free, the gradient distribution of the alloying elements and the strong metallurgical bonding between the alloying layer and the matrix. In recent years, with the increasing requirements for the surface properties of materials in various environments, the layer prepared by DGPSA technology is developing toward alloying, functionalization and nanometer. This review begins with a brief introduction of double glow plasma surface alloying. The recent developments of the double glow plasma surface alloying technology for improving various surface performance are systematically reviewed in the sight of applied material, background, duplex treatment and duplex coating preparation.

Summary: Objective: To report our experience in treating endophytic renal tumor by robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) with a standard laparoscopic ultrasound probe and our original approach for separating renal mass. Methods: All patients with endophytic renal tumor who underwent RPN in our department from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All surgeries were performed by transperitoneally by a single, experienced surgeon. Baseline characteristics, tumor characteristics, operative profile and follow-up data were collected. Results: Among these 29 patients, 23 patients were male. The mean age of patients was 47.42 years old. 69% (20/29) tumors were completely endophytic tumors. The average tumor size was 3.1 cm. The average R.E.N.A.L. score was 9.0. Tumors from 3 patients were pathologically confirmed to be renal angiomyolipomas. And the rest were malignant including 23 clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 3 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. The mean operative time was 3.0 h. The mean warm ischemia time was 22.3 min. All tumor margins were pathologically confirmed negative. No patient needed blood transfusion. Two patients presented had Grade II complication. Both of them had a fever after surgery with body temperature over 38 °C, leading to a prolonged postoperative hospitalization time. The mean postoperative hospitalization time was 6.8 days. During mean 21.3-month follow-up, no patient was confirmed to relapse by CT scan. Conclusion: RPN with a standard laparoscopic ultrasound probe is safe, effective and feasible in treating endophytic renal tumor. Our original approach for separating renal mass can avoid some problems caused by the standard laparoscopic ultrasound probe. Keywords: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, Standard laparoscopic ultrasound probe, Retrospective study

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 gene encoding a peroxisomal transmembrane protein. It is characterized by the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in body fluids and tissues, leading to progressive demyelination and adrenal insufficiency. ALD has various phenotypes, among which the most common and severe is childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD). The pathophysiological mechanisms of ALD remain unclear, but some in vitro/in vivo research showed that VLCFA could induce oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to damage. In addition, the evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation are increased in patients with X-ALD also proves that it is a potential mechanism of brain and adrenal damage. Therefore, normalizing the redox balance becomes a critical therapeutic target. This study focuses on the possible predictors of the severity and progression of X-ALD, the potential mechanisms of pathogenesis, and the promising targeted drugs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation.

BackgroundNovel non-invasive biomarkers are urgently required to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the diagnostic value of following candidate genes (ERG, PCA3, ARV7, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM) were estimated by testing mRNAs from urinary exosomes of patients with primary PCa.MethodsExosomes were obtained using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), out of which RNAs were extracted, then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction according to manufacturer’s protocol.ResultsThe expression of urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were significantly increased in patients with PCa compared with healthy males. In addition, the levels of urinary exosomal ERG, ARV7, and PSMA were intimately correlated with the Gleason score in PCa patients (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) showed that urinary exosomal ERG, PCA3, PSMA, CK19, and EpCAM were able to distinguish patients with PCa from healthy individuals with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.782, 0.783, 0.772, 0.731, and 0.739, respectively. Urinary exosomal PCA3 and PSMA distinguished PCa patients from healthy individuals with an AUC of 0.870. Combination of urinary exosomal PCA3, PSMA with serum PSA and PI-RADS achieved higher AUC compared with PSA alone (0.914 and 0.846, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that PCA3, ARV7, and EpCAM were associated in androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) failure time which is defined as from the initiation of ADT in hormone-sensitive stage to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer.ConclusionThese findings suggested that mRNAs from urinary exosomes have the potential in serving as novel and non-invasive indicators for PCa diagnosis and prediction.

Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) is a member of the TRAF protein family, a cytoplasmic bridging molecule closely associated with various immune functions. The physiological processes of TRAF4 are mainly involved in embryonic development, cell polarity, cell proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of reactive oxygen species production. TRAF4 is overexpressed in a variety of tumors and regulates the formation and development of a variety of tumors. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological regulatory functions of TRAF4 and focus on understanding the biological processes involved in this gene, to provide a reference for further studies on the role of this gene in tumorigenesis and development.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (BMSCT) is a potential treatment for osteoporosis, capable of contributing to bone tissue repair. BMSCT has demonstrated osteoinductive effects and the ability to regulate microenvironmental metabolism; however, its role and mechanisms in bone loss due to reduced estrogen levels remain unclear. In this study, the effect of BMSCT on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in mice was assessed, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic studies of bone tissue were conducted to identify potential metabolic molecular markers. The results revealed that BMSCT reduces OVX-induced bone loss in mice while improving the mechanical properties of mouse femurs and increasing the expression of osteogenic markers in peripheral blood. In a metabolomic study, 18 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers of the anti-osteoporotic effect of BMSCT. These metabolites are mainly involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Collectively, these results illustrate the correlation between metabolites and the underlying mechanisms of osteoporosis development and are important for understanding the role and mechanisms of exogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in osteoporosis management. This study lays the foundation for research on BMSCs as a treatment strategy for osteoporosis.

Urban heat islands are representative problems in urban environments. The impact of spectral indexes on land-surface temperature (LST) under different urban forms, climates, and functions is not fully understood. Local climate zones (LCZs) are used to characterize heterogeneous cities. In this study, we quantified the contribution of three cities to high-temperature zones and surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) across LCZs and seasons, used Welch and Games–Howell tests to analyze the difference in LST, then described the spatial pattern characteristics of LST, and used a geographically weighted regression model to analyze the relationship between spectral indexes and LST. The results showed that compact midrise, compact low-rise (LCZ 3), large low-rise (LCZ 8), heavy industry (LCZ 10), and bare rock or paved (LCZ E) contributed greatly to high-temperature zones and had strong SUHII. There were 92–98% significant differences between different LCZs. The spatial aggregation of LST gradually weakened with a decrease in temperature. The modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) in most LCZs of all seasons for Wuhan could reduce LST well, while MNDWI only had cooling effects in winter for Nanjing and Shanghai. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in most LCZs performed a cooling role during summer and transition seasons (spring and autumn), while it showed a warming effect in winter. The cooling effect of NDVI in open building types was stronger than that of compact building types, while the cooling effect of MNDWI was better in compact building types than in open building types. With the increase of normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), all LCZs showed warming effects, and the magnitude of LST increase varied in different cities and seasons. These results contribute further insight into thermal environment in heterogeneous urban areas.