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This study has investigated the migration of stabilizers from three polypropylene materials: a polypropylene homopolymer, a polypropylene block copolymer, and a polypropylene random copolymer in 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and isooctane according to Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011. Measurements were performed at 20, 40, and 70°C and migration was evaluated from 10 min to 10 days. Measurements were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with external calibration. The HPLC method provided high correlation coefficients, good precision, good accuracy, and suitable reproducibility. Diffusion coefficients for stabilizers were obtained using a rigorous model based on Fick’s second law and the values were between 6.1 × 10−13 and 3.8 × 10−9 cm2 s−1. By applying an Arrhenius-type equation to the diffusion coefficients, an estimation of activation energy of the diffusion was obtained. The activation energies were from 39.97 to 98.75 kJ mol−1 for the stabilizers. The...

It is of high importance to predict the components frequency response functions (FRFs) for obtaining the coupled product transport system's response. However, the components behaves much differently when coupled with another components compared with that in free state. Inverse sub-structuring method has been recently proposed and applied for inverse analysis of the dynamical response of coupled product transport system. The component-level FRFs and the coupling dynamic stiffness are all predicted from only the system-level FRFs, facilitating the engineering design for product transport system. However, in most engineering application practices, the system-level FRFs from coupling degrees of freedom may not be measured accurately because of the difficulties of vibration excitation and/or response measurement for the coupled interface between components within the limited accessible space. The aim of this paper is to develop a new FRF-based indirect inverse sub-structuring method for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a two-component coupled product transport system without measuring system-level FRFs at the coupling degrees of freedom. A so-called dummy masses method is developed and applied for predicting the unmeasured FRFs at the coupling degrees of freedom, and the inverse sub-structuring approach based on the dummy mass method is derived for inverse analysis of coupled product transport system, which is further verified by a lumped-mass model, showing exact agreement. Finally, the experiment on a physical prototype of two-substructure coupled product transport system is performed to further check the accuracy of the suggested method. The new method shows its great application prospect in coupled product transport system.

Objective To create a new surgical procedure for chronic severe patellar tendinopathy and to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Methods In this retrospective study, the data of 12 patients with severe patellar tendinopathy in 14 knees who had undergone surgical treatment at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between 1 March 2009 and 1 August 2013 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria included severe patellar tendinopathy (Phase III), conservative therapy for more than 6 months, American Society of Anesthesiology status Grade I–II, and body mass index

China is the largest wheat-producing and consuming country in the world, and pesticide residues that exceed the standard to different extent have a severe impact on wheat quality and consumer health. This research investigated the main factors affecting wheat farmers’ perception of pesticide residues in the samples of 464 wheat farmers in 12 counties of six districts in China based on the theory of planned behavior and structural equation model. According to the research, factors of individual characteristics, perceived behavior control, attitude toward the behavior and subjective norm all had significant impact on wheat farmers’ perception of pesticide residues. Moreover, significant interactions were observed between these factors.

Tool wear is easy occurred in titanium alloy milling process which will affect the surface quality. Surface roughness and surface morphology as an important index to describe and evaluate the surface quality has a great influence on service performance. Therefore, the study on the effect of tool wear on surface qualities is important to improve the surface integrity of titanium alloy parts. Cutting radius of ball-end milling cutter is solved to analyze the effect of tool wear on the cutting radius. The tool wear and the surface qualities of TC4 are achieved through wear experiment. And then the influence law of tool wear on surface qualities and chip morphology are analyzed. The results show that surface roughness value decrease firstly and then increases and that chip morphology with flank wear increase from the unit chip to the serrated chip.

To constrain the Permian–Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, we conducted zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses on six middle Permian–Middle Triassic intrusive plutons in central–eastern Jilin Province, NE China. Zircons from the six plutons display distinct oscillatory zoning and striped absorption in cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and Th/U ratios of 0.11–1.41, indicating a magmatic origin. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the intrusive rocks formed in the middle Permian (ca. 260 Ma) to Middle Triassic (ca. 245 Ma). In central–eastern Jilin Province, the middle Permian and Middle Triassic plutons are composed mainly of strongly deformed monzogranites with affinities to adakitic rocks, which are formed from partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust. In contrast, the late Permian–the Early Triassic plutons in central–eastern Jilin Province consist of a bimodal association (including gabbros and granitoids) and deformed monzonites, which typically form in extensional settings. These observations, along with the results of previous studies on early–middle Permian granitoids in western Jilin Province, indicate that the eastern segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean underwent the initial closure in central–western Jilin Province during the middle Permian and the final closure in eastern Jilin Province in the Middle Triassic.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, the major active components of fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., have been found to have activities that could prevent prostate and thyroid cancer, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress-induced cerebral injury, etc. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of seven dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis and explore the possible mechanisms in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed on serum and glucose deprivation (SGD) injury. The structure-activity relationships were also analyzed. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined to evaluate cell injury. Inflammation and apoptosis-related protein levels were detected to elucidate the possible mechanisms. Schisantherin A, schizandrin C, and schizandrol B were found to have stronger protective effects than schizandrin A, schizandrin B, and schisanhenol in SH-SY5Y cells against SGD injury. Moreover, the protective effects of these lignans were possibly exhibited by regulating inflammation and apoptosis-related proteins in SH-SY5Y cells after SGD injury, supporting their beneficial effects for the prevention of cell injury in the pathogenesis of the central nervous system diseases, including ischemia stroke. The number and position of hydroxyl group and methylenedioxy in these lignans may be required for their effects.

Due to influences of natural and social factors, the data of solar energy consumption generally show the characteristic of seasonal fluctuations. In order to forecast data with seasonal fluctuation, this study proposed a novel seasonal grey model with dynamic seasonal adjustment factors, the factors reflect the proportion of the actual value deviating from the average trend value due to seasonal effects. The proposed model, grey model, seasonal grey model and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model were built based on monthly data of the industrial solar energy consumption in the United States from 2005 to 2017. The results demonstrate that the grey model only show a growth trend of the original data. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model and seasonal grey model can identify and predict the seasonal characteristics of series, but fail to accurately forecast their fluctuation effects. Moreover, the proposed model is able to effectively identify dynamic change process of seasonal adjustment factors and significantly improves prediction accuracy. The predicted results showed that the year-on-year growth rate of monthly consumption of the industrial solar energy in the United States maintained at 40–50% in 2018–2019, and the monthly consumption still had obvious periodic seasonal fluctuation characteristics.

The migration behavior of silicone molecules including octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (denoted as D4, D5, D6, respectively) for silicone rubber baking mold (SRBM) under two different baking methods into food simulants and to cakes were investigated. Meantime, different daily used oils including corn, peanut, sunflower and butter were used to investigate the effects of oil property on migration of D4, D5 and D6, respectively where cakes were baked using SRMB at 175 °C for 30 min. Results showed that for olive oil, the migration of D4, D5 and D6 reached maximum in 240 min at 175°C under electric baking condition and reached maximum in 20 min at 800 W under microwaving baking. Unlike olive oil, the migration rate of D4, D5 and D6 into Tanex® decreased significantly with used times under both electric baking and microwaving methods. Importantly, results also showed that the amounts of D4, D5 and D6 in cakes baked with peanut oil and corn oil were significantly higher (p

In this paper, we investigated 82 type-II radio burst events detected by some ground stations Learmonth, YNAO, and BIRS and spacecraft Wind/WAVES, STEREO/WAVES from January 2007 to December 2015. And we identified 39 events associated with radio enhancement and 43 events without enhancement. We found that: 1) The CME velocity, mass, kinetic energy and flare class with respect to type II radio enhancement events were generally higher than that of no enhancement events, and these properties in the solar energetic particle (SEP) events were significantly higher than that no SEP event, regardless of whether radio enhancement or not. 2) As shown in the characteristic time analysis, the initial release time of SEPs is generally earlier than the start time of radio enhancement, so we can the radio enhancement is only as a signature of the shock enhancement rather than the direct generator of SEP events. 3) Whether radio enhancement or not, the onset height of type IIs associated with SEP event is slightly lower than that of event without SEP. For the absence height, the SEP events are significantly higher than the no-SEP events, and that the absence height of enhancement events are also distinctly higher than that non-enhancement events, which reveals that the enhanced CME shock characterized by enhanced radio burst can keep propagating to more higher or further space. 4) When one fast and wide CME fully sweeps over another slow and narrow preceding CME, CME interaction can more easily generate radio enhancement, but no distinctive difference between SEP events and non-SEP events. So the results of this paper reveal that radio enhancement can be regarded as a manifestation of CME shock becoming strong during interacting with other CME, and the enhanced shock can accelerate the particle to generate large SEP events more easily. However, the type II radio enhancement is not the direct producer or causer that generate large SEP event.

The components of the flux are optimized and the environmental friendly flux with excellent comprehensive performance is prepared. Then the composition of the solder paste is optimized to prepare the SMT environmental protection and high efficient lead-free solder paste, and its performance is studied. The results show that the storage stability, printability, weldability and environmental protection of the SMT environmental protection and high efficient lead-free solder paste are good, and the reliability is high. The related technical indexes have reached or superior to the commercial solder paste, and have reached the commercial level initially.

In this paper, the effect of heat treatment (solution treatment and artificial aging) on the microstructure and properties of as-cast Al5Si1Cu0.5Mg aluminum alloy and its composite reinforced with 1.5 wt.% SiC particles was studied. The results showed that at 520 &deg, C the optimal solution time for the aluminum alloy and its composite is 9 h and 6 h, respectively. After solution treatment, the microstructure of these two materials consists of a uniform distribution of nearly spherical eutectic Si and skeletal &gamma, phase, furthermore, the composite eutectic Si phase is smaller and &gamma, phase is more dispersed. After artificial aging at 175 &deg, C for 6 h, the microstructure of the composite is more dispersed and finer than that of the aluminum alloy on the whole and Al2Cu is precipitated. After heat treatment, the microhardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of the aluminum alloy and its composite are higher than those of the as-casts. At the same time, the morphology of tensile fracture surface changes very much from a large area of cleavage plane to a large number of dimples and the tearing ridges become thicker for both the aluminum alloy and its composite.

Three-tower suspension bridges with unequal-length main spans more easily adapt to different terrain features and therefore, have broader application prospects. However, due to the unique “central tower effect” of the three-tower suspension bridge, it is required that the lateral stiffness of the central tower in the longitudinal direction of the bridge girder should be neither too large nor too small. To calculate the reasonable range for the central tower stiffness in the three-tower suspension bridge with unequal-length main spans, this study proposes an analytical algorithm based on the segmental catenary theory. Firstly, hanger tensile forces under the joint action of dead and live loads are calculated. Next, the governing equations for the main cable shape of each span are constructed for the following conditions: closure of elevation difference, closure of span length, moment balance of splay saddle, and conservation of unstrained length of the main cable. The solutions of the derived set of simultaneous equations are obtained for (i) deflection-to-span ratio limit of the stiffening girder and (ii) anti-slip control between the main cable and saddle conditions, which yield the lower and upper limits of reasonable stiffness of the central tower, respectively. This study discusses a three-tower suspension bridge spanned as 248 m + 1060 m + 1360 m + 380 m. The calculation is performed for the two cases of the live load application: (i) to the longer main span and (ii) to the shorter main span. The results obtained proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The following findings are reported: The upper and lower limits of reasonable central tower stiffness are derived from the above two cases, respectively. Therefore, it is not sufficient to consider only the former case when calculating the central tower stiffness of the three-tower suspension bridge with equal-length main spans. The dead-to-live load ratio and friction coefficient between the main cable and saddle also strongly influence the central tower stiffness: their increase can expand the reasonable range of the latter but if they are too small, no such optimization can be provided.

Environmental factors especially relative humidity play an important role on the energy absorption performance of honeycomb paperboard. The energy absorption characteristics and system theories of energy absorption diagrams containing relative humidity factor of honeycomb paperboard are investigated. Energy absorption diagrams were constructed based on practical static compression test and MATLAB simulation at four relative humidity conditions (30%, 50%, 70% and 90%). A good agreement is achieved between theoretical and experimental energy absorption curves. Energy absorption diagrams both achieved by the experiments and the mathematical models show that the increase of thickness-to-length ratios, t/l, of paper honeycomb core or the decrease of relative humidity resulted in the increase of the compression energy absorption capability. The introduction of environmental factor such as relative humidity can help to optimize the structures of paper honeycomb sandwiches.

A series of three-point bending fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the bending fatigue behavior of flute type B and C corrugated paperboard samples under cyclic loading. The S-N curve was obtained. The fatigue failure of corrugated paperboard may be described by both Basquin type and exponential type S-N curves, however the exponential type S-N curve is more appropriate. The stiffness is gradually degraded with almost same energy dissipation in most stress cycles, but it decreases abruptly with the enlarged energy dissipation when the testing cycle is very close to the ultimate cycles of fatigue failure. The corrugated board deforms constantly under the action of cyclic loading, and no visible crack appears. The fatigue failure modes and mechanisms are same for the corrugated boards with B-flute and C-flute, however the S-N curve of corrugated board is closely related to the flute structure. The results obtained in this paper may be applied to the dynamic design and accelerated vibration test of stacked corrugated boxes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of potassium sorbate (PS) from low methoxyl pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose (LMP/CMC) films with montmorillonite (MMT) and CaCl2 into food simulant. The release kinetics of PS were described using Fickian model. The content of MMT was ranged from 0 to 12%, and the corresponding diffusion coefficients were obtained from 0.96×10-12 to 0.23×10-12 cm2·s-1. The content of CaCl2 was ranged from 1% to 8%, and the corresponding diffusion coefficients were obtained from 0.96×10-12 to 0.32×10-12 cm2·s-1. The results shown that the addition of MMT and CaCl2 decrease or declay the release rate of PS from film matrixes. The addition of MMT and CaCl2 also resulted into the decreasing of partition coefficient, significantly. The results indicate that the film has a good potential to achieve a controlled release in antimicrobial packaging.

This work is intended to simulate and analyze the diffusion process and the diffusion mechanism of nano-ZnO cluster in low density polyethylene (LDPE) using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. MD simulations were carried out at three different temperatures (293 K, 313 K and 343 K) in two models including single cell of ZnO-LDPE chain (ZL cell) and two-phase of ZnO-LDPE/water molecular (ZL-W cell). The diffusion coefficient of nano-ZnO (DM) is obtained by calculating the slope of mean square displacement according to the Einstein relationship. DM of ZL cell and ZL-W cell were 0.17×10-8~3.5×10-8 cm2 s-1 and 6.33×10-8~2.38×10-6 cm2 s-1 respectively. This result implied that DM could be increased by the presence of water molecular phase. Moreover, the fractional free volume (FFV) and the movement trajectories of ZnO cluster were discussed. It demonstrated that the FFV was enlarged with the temperatures and the oscillation of nano-ZnO cluster was wider in ZL-W cell than ZL cell. The relationship between DM and temperature satisfied the Arrhenius equation.

The effects of bromate on the growth and physiological characteristics ofiChlorella vulgaris/iwere investigated via the static exposure experiments and tested by flow cytometry. The results showed that wheniChlorella vulgaris/iwas continuously exposed to bromate for 96 h at 8 mmol·Lsup-1/sup, the specific growth rates and cell membrane integrity decreased significantly, while the esterase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased significantly. The membrane-damaged cells could be found from the scanning electron microscopy analysis. It could be identified that ROS were overproduced in presence of bromate, which could not be eliminated byiChlorella vulgaris/iin time through self-regulation. The excess ROS could lead to abnormal situation of cell membrane integrity, esterase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, disorder of physiology function and damage of cell structure. It could be concluded thatiChlorella vulgaris/idied or their growth was inhibited by the existence of bromate.

One new quinolinic scandine-type monoterpeniod alkaloid, 3-oxo-scandine (

Four new gastrodin derivatives containing a trans-cinnamoyl unit (1-4) and nine known compounds (5-13) were isolated from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata Blume. All these compounds were evaluated for their neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death, and compounds 7 and 12 showed potent activities with EC50 values of 10.5 and 10.2 μM, respectively.

This paper investigated the influence of heat treatment (T6) on the dry sliding wear behavior of SiCp/Al-5Si-1Cu-0.5Mg composite that was fabricated by electromagnetic stirring method. The wear rates and friction coefficients were measured using a pin-on-disc tribometer under loads of 15–90 N at dry sliding speeds of 100 r/min, 200 r/min, and 300 r/min, over a sliding time of 15 min. The worn surfaces and debris were examined using a scanning electron microscope and was analyzed with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results revealed that SiCp/Al-5Si-1Cu-0.5Mg alloy treated with T6 exhibited lower wear rate and friction coefficient than the other investigated alloys. As the applied load increased, the wear rate and friction coefficient increased. While, the wear rate and friction coefficient decreased with the sliding speed increasing. The morphology of the eutectic silicon was spheroidal after the T6 heat treatment. SiCp particles and Al2Cu phase can be considered as the main raisons for improving the wear behavior. Abrasion and oxidation were the wear mechanisms at low load levels. However, the wear mechanisms at high load levels were plastic deformation and delamination.

Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ hosts both topological surface states and bulk superconductivity. It has been identified recently as a topological superconductor (TSC) with an extraordinary nematic, i. e. C2-symmetric, superconducting state and odd-parity pairing. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we directly examine the response of the superconductivity of CuxBi2Se3 to magnetic field. Under out-of-plane fields, we discover elongated magnetic vortices hosting zero-bias conductance peaks consistent with the Majorana bound states expected in a TSC. Under in-plane fields, the average superconducting gap exhibits two-fold symmetry with field orientation; the long C2 symmetry axes are pinned to the dihedral mirror planes under B//=0.5 T but rotate slightly under B//=1.0 T. Moreover, a nodeless {\Delta}4x gap structure is semi-quantitatively determined for the first time. Our data paint a microscopic picture of the nematic superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 and pose strong constraints on theory., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures; reference added, text and figures modified

One new quinolinic scandine-type monoterpeniod alkaloid, 3-oxo-scandine (1), as well as seven known ones (2–8), was isolated from the roots of Melodinus henryi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All of the compounds were prepared and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) in vitro in RAW 264.7 mouse peritoneal macrophages. Compounds 6 and 7 showed significant activities with IC50 values of 8.54 and 5.19 μM, respectively.

Molecular markers are efficient tools for breeding and genetic studies. However, despite their ecological and economic importance, their development and application have long been hampered. In this study, we identified 524,170 simple sequence repeat (SSR), 267,636 intron length polymorphism (ILP), and 11,872 potential intron polymorphism (PIP) markers from 16 tree species based on recently available genome sequences. Larger motifs, including hexamers and heptamers, accounted for most of the seven different types of SSR loci. Within these loci, A/T bases comprised a significantly larger proportion of sequence than G/C. SSR and ILP markers exhibited an alternative distribution pattern. Most SSRs were monomorphic markers, and the proportions of polymorphic markers were positively correlated with genome size. By verifying with all 16 tree species, 54 SSR, 418 ILP, and four PIP universal markers were obtained, and their efficiency was examined by PCR. A combination of five SSR and six ILP markers were used for the phylogenetic analysis of 30 willow samples, revealing a positive correlation between genetic diversity and geographic distance. We also found that SSRs can be used as tools for duplication analysis. Our findings provide important foundations for the development of breeding and genetic studies in tree species.

With the rapid development of world economic integration, the importance of container in modern logistics system is becoming more and more prominent. However, the status of products in containers is opaque in highway freight. So this paper designs a real-time monitoring system for status of products in logistical containers based on cloud computing and compressed sensing. This monitoring system consists of the perception layer, the network layer, the cloud service layer and the application layer. In this system, temperature, humidity, vibration intensity, ethylene concentration and oxygen concentration of the container which are measured in perception layer are transmitted to the sink node. Compressed Sensing (CS) is designed in the sink node in order to compress the acceleration data, since the amount of the data is too large. These measurements of the acceleration data together with other sensor data are sent to cloud service layer through the network layer. The cloud servers integrate, store the data, and decide the current logistical environment whether meet the transportation requirement of products. The application layer fetches the data from network layer, displays them by graphics and tables, and alerts the drivers if necessary.

People usually travel together with others in groups for different purposes, such as family members for visiting relatives, colleagues for business, friends for sightseeing and so on. Especially, the family groups, as a kind of the most common consumer units, have a considerable scale in the field of passenger transportation market. Accurately identifying family groups can help the carriers to provide passengers with personalized travel services and precise product recommendation. This paper studies the problem of finding family groups in the field of civil aviation and proposes a family group detection method based on passenger social networks. First of all, we construct passenger social networks based on their co-travel behaviors extracted from the historical travel records; secondly, we use a collective classification algorithm to classify the social relationships between passengers into family or non-family relationship groups; finally, we employ a weighted community detection algorithm to find family groups, which takes the relationship classification results as the weights of edges. Experimental results on a real dataset of passenger travel records in the field of civil aviation demonstrate that our method can effectively find family groups from historical travel records.

Microwave dielectric properties of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 , Ba(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 and Sr(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 ceramics were evaluated at 3.4–9.5 GHz, focusing on the effects of sintering temperature and annealing atmosphere. Their dielectric constant showed slight frequency dependence, and was insensitive to the preparing conditions. Their dielectric loss decreased and Qf value increased greatly with frequency, indicating the domination of extrinsic polarization on microwave dielectric loss. Microwave dielectric loss increased significantly with sintering temperature for CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 , while the annealing atmosphere had more notable effect on the dielectric loss of Ba(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 and Sr(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 , indicating the different extrinsic polarization mechanisms at microwave frequencies for the three ceramics.

A rapid and sensitive method for determination of trace carbaryl in water by using diallyl phthalate-europium (Eu 3+ ) as fluorescent probe was developed in this paper. The interaction between Eu 3+ , diallyl phthalate and carbaryl was studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and the change of fluorescence spectra of complexes before/after binding with carbaryl was also investigated. The influencing factors of fluorescence intensity including solution pH value and interferents were evaluated. The results showed that diallyl phthalate was complexed with Eu 3+ in a molar ratio of 2:1 to form stable complexes. Carbaryl could also interact with this probe to form multiple complexes, which significantly increased the fluorescent efficiency of Eu 3+ -diallyl phthalate probe. The fluorescence intensity showed good linear relationship with the concentration of carbaryl at pH 9.0 using 245 nm/615 nm as excitation/emission wavelength in the range of 6.25 × 10 −8 − 2.5.0 × 10 −6 M with linear correlation coefficient of 0.9968. The detection limit of the method was 9.6 × 10 −9 M. Water samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and then detected by using Eu 3+ -diallyl phthalate as fluorescent probes. The recoveries of the method were between 91.8%−94.5%, with RSDs less than 6.1%. The method was suitable for rapid determination of carbaryl in water samples.

Online review forums provide customers with powerful platforms to express opinions and influence business trends, while allowing firms to collaborate and co-create value with customers. However, information overload due to the huge amount of reviews posted daily complicates the efforts of consumers to locate reliable information when making a purchase decision. Therefore, this study develops a trustworthy co-created recommendation model. The proposed model mines unboxing reviews, calculates the trust scores of the reviewers, and then generates the recommended products by combing this information with customer preferences using a multi-criteria decision-making method. An illustrative example of mobile phones demonstrates the recommendation procedure of the proposed model. The proposed model is evaluated via an empirical experiment to examine the satisfaction of study participants by using a seven-point Likert scale. An analysis of the structural equation modelling results indicates that three factors (i.e. confidence in decision quality, enhanced problem-solving ability, and satisfaction with resource expenditure) significantly and positively affect the purchase decision-making process. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms a baseline model in all four factors, ultimately increasing user satisfaction. In addition to its theoretical framework for co-creating value with customers to develop a trustworthy co-created recommendation model, as supported by various theories of trust, the proposed model provides further insights into the role of customer reviews in designing recommendation models, as well as the extent to which such models impact user decisions.

The isothermal compression tests of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy were conducted on the thermal mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500D at the deformation temperature range of 300–450 °C, the strain rate range of 0.01–10.00 s−1, and the engineering strain of 50 %. The effects of deformation temperatures and strain rates on the flow stress were analyzed by the true stress–true strain curves. The result indicates that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate, while it decreases with the increase of temperature. The hot deformation activation energy of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy is calculated to be 250.9 kJ·mol−1, and the constitutive equation is established as $$\dot{\varepsilon } = 1.97 \times 10^{19} \left[ {\sinh (0.015\sigma) } \right]^{11.14} \exp ({{ - 250.9} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{ - 250.9} {RT}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {RT}})$$ , and the validity of this constitutive equation is verified. Based on dynamic material model (DMM) criterion, the hot processing map of Al–5Ti–1B master alloy is obtained. The optimum hot extrusion conditions are determined as deformation temperature of 400 °C and strain rate of 1.00 s−1, and the flow instability only appears at the temperature range of 300–340 °C at the base of the hot processing map.

This paper presents new results on zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotope analyses, and trace and major element analyses of Late Devonian and early Carboniferous metavolcanic rocks and early Carboniferous alkaline granites of central Jilin Province, NE China, and uses these data to constrain the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Zircon U–Pb ages, determined using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, indicate that Late Devonian Jifanggou Group metarhyolites formed at ∼360 Ma, whereas the early Carboniferous Panling Formation metabasaltic andesites and metarhyolites and the Silengshan alkaline granite formed at ∼340 Ma. The Late Devonian metarhyolites, which exhibit zircon e Hf ( t ) values of +2.77 to +8.94 and corresponding two-stage model ages ( T DM2 ) ages of 969–1525 Ma, are geochemically similar to I–A-type granites, which is indicative of formation from a primary magma generated by partial melting of juvenile lower crustal material in an extensional environment. The early Carboniferous metabasaltic andesites and metarhyolites are geochemically bimodal, with SiO 2 concentrations of 52.1–61.4 and 72.8–75.1 wt.%, respectively. The former are enriched in Ba, Sr, Th, and U, and are depleted in K, Rb, Nb, Ta, and Ti, whereas the latter are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., Rb, K, Th and U), and are depleted in heavy REEs (HREEs), high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti, and P), and Sr. Zircons from the metabasaltic andesite and metarhyolite units have e Hf ( t ) values of +9.80 to +12.8 and +11.0 to +13.1, respectively, and corresponding single-stage model ages ( T DM1 ) and two-stage model ages ( T DM2 ) of 468–606 and 584–776 Ma, respectively. Silengshan alkaline granite samples contain minor amounts of riebeckite, are relatively LREEs and LILEs enriched and HREEs and HFSEs depleted, and have markedly negative Eu anomalies, features that are typical of A-type granites. These granite samples have zircons with e Hf ( t ) values of +8.04 to +13.4 and corresponding T DM2 ages of 549–1037 Ma. These data suggest that the primary magma that formed the early Carboniferous metabasaltic andesites was derived from partial melting of depleted lithospheric mantle material that had been modified by subduction-related fluids, whereas the primary magmas for the coeval metarhyolites and the Silengshan alkaline granite were derived from partial melting of newly accreted crust. These early Carboniferous igneous rocks formed in an extensional setting within the eastern segment of the southern CAOB.

Welding temperature is the main factor that influences welding quality in high frequency induction welding process of composite aluminum alloy thin-walled tube. The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to simulate temperature field. One complete penetration of thin-walled tube and boundary conditions of thermal calculation are taken into account. Then a linear thermal model is used to load and calculate to draw temperature distribution and thermal cycle curves of welding process. Research results provide corresponding theoretical basis for further analysis of welding stress and strain.

Department of Pterocarya stenoptera dicotyledonous juglandales juglandaceae Pterocarya plants, the whole body can be used as a medicine. This article use the continuous reflux method to studying the extraction process of Pterocarya stenoptera leaves of tannins in the area of Jiangsu Rugao. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment to obtain continuous reflux method was used to extract Pterocarya stenoptera leaves of tannins the optimum technological conditions. Through to the extract of ultraviolet and GC-MS analysis results show that, different extraction agents, tannin content of the extractive and chemical composition are different. Deionized water and ethanol aqueous extract of difference for Pterocarya stenoptera leaves decoction and alcohol mechanism of two kinds of different uses for the treatment of disease research to provide the reference.

Introduction ReDuNing (RDN), a patented traditional antipyretic-detoxicate Chinese medicine, has been widely applied as an anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious drug in Chinese clinics. However, relative experimental data on anti-influenza virus and its subsequent viral pneumonia by RDN are limited. In this study, restraint stress mice model, which could mimic the physiological conditions of the population susceptible to influenza infection, was applied to investigate the protective effect of RDN against influenza. Methods Mice were infected with H1N1 influenza virus 3 days after restraint, and RDN was administered to mice the day after stress by intraperitoneal injection for 7 days. Body weight and mortality were recorded every day. Histopathologic changes, lung index, nucleoprotein (NP) gene expressions and inflammatory markers in the lungs were also measured. Results RDN administration significantly decreased lung index, ameliorated lung histopathologic damage and decreased lung NP gene expression in influenza-infected mice loaded with restraint stress. It also decreased phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκB), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein level and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression, increased interferon inducible transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) gene expression. Conclusions This study provided preliminary support to suggest that RDN can reduce the susceptibility to, and the severity of influenza in restraint-stressed mice. The study also supported the potential of implementing RDN as an antiviral and its impact as potential anti-influenza treatments which rebalances homeostasis in the body caused by stress.

A simple ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometric method for the identification and quantification of two photoinitiators 4-methylbenzophenone and 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate; nine plasticizers including di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and diisobutyl adipate; three primary aromatic amines 4-aminobiphenyl, 4-amino-2′,3-dimethylazobenzene and bis-(4-aminophenyl) methane and six bisphenols bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE) and bisphenol F (BPF) in food contact materials has been developed. The chromatographic conditions, pre-treatment methods and matrix effects were studied and optimized. For the determination of the four bisphenols, BPA, BPB, BPE and BPF, the UHPLC method employed a mobile phase of aqueous ammonia and methanol in binary gradient mode, and measurement was based on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in negative ion mode. The remaining chemicals were determined using the ESI source in positive ion mode and using the [M + NH4]+ or [M + H]+ adducts as precursor ions for tandem mass spectrometry. The calibration graphs were linear with correlation coefficients of above 0.995. Detection limits for the method were in the range of 1–16 µg/kg. Analyte recovery values were in the range of 70–114%, and relative standard deviations were 1–14%. Under optimized conditions, the chromatographic separation was performed in 12 min. The validation data indicated that the method was effective for the determination of the four classes of hazardous chemicals in plastic packaging materials or in can lacquers. The optimized method was successfully applied to trace analysis of commercially available food contact materials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In this paper we present a series of more rigorous steps, using a location model and take into account the actual roads’ condition, rents and other relevant factors to solve the network location problem. And we put forward a new idea to solve the "the last kilometer" problem of e-commerce’s network optimization.

To study the difference of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment between lumbar disc herniation(LDH) and lumbar canal stenosis(LCS) in adults.The integrated imaging data of 88 patients with lumbar disc herniation (42 cases) or lumbar canal stenosis(46 cases) were searched from January 1, 2015 to September 10, 2016 in our hospital.Twenty-two cases were excluded because of age factor, 36 cases of LDH (LDH group) and 30 cases of LCS (LCS group) were internalized in the study. The spino-pelvic parameters were measured including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar junction (TLJ), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), sagittal vertical axis location (SVA-Location), T₁-spinopelvic inclination (T₁-SPI), T9-spinopelvic inclination (T₉-SPI). Independent sampleThoracic kyphosis (TK) in LDH group was smaller than that of LCS group (difference was about 6 degree), there was significant difference between two groups (The patients with lumbar disc herniation, the kyphosis of the thoracic spine is smaller, the truncus prones to the straight. The lumbar kyphosis is greater in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, and the sagittal curvature of the lumbar spine is more obvious.

Elastic-plastic finite element model of high strength aluminum alloy plate with long and short penetrating cracks in the center was built. Based on the model, tension and compression loading simulation was conducted. The analysis shows that the compressive stress has a significant effect on the crack tip plastic zone and fatigue crack propagation.

Welding temperature is the main factor that influences the welding quality in the high frequency induction welding of composite aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes. The finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to simulate the temperature field. One complete penetration of thin-walled tube and boundary conditions of convection and radiation as well as latent heat phase change were taken into account. Then a linear heat source is used to load and calculate the temperature distribution and to draw thermal cycle curves of welding process. Research results of the temperature filed also provided the corresponding basis for further analysis of welding stress and strain.

The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)/nucleus-controlled fertility restoration (Rf) system is a major component that exploits hybrid vigor in crops. Here, we have identified a new pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-encoding allele at the RsRf3 locus linked to the fertility restoration to CMS in radish. This allele was named as RsRf3-5 and encodes a putative protein with 18 PPRs and a predicted mitochondrial targeting signal. Another allele RsRf3-6 encoding the same protein with RsRf3-5 possesses a different promoter region and has failed to restore fertility to CMS. The non-restoring allele RsRf3-7 encoding a predicted protein with 15 PPRs has an identical promoter region with RsRf3-6, suggesting that RsRf3-6 could result from a recent crossover between RsRf3-5 and RsRf3-7. Interestingly, the RsRf3-5 allele shows higher RNA expression levels in the CMS cytoplasmic background compared with the RsRf3-6 allele.

Accurate diffusion coefficient data of additives in a polymer are of paramount importance for estimating the migration of the additives over time. This paper shows how this diffusion coefficient can be estimated for three plastic additives [2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) (UV-P), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)] in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. MD simulations were performed at temperatures of 293-433 K. The diffusion coefficient was calculated through the Einstein relationship connecting the data of mean-square displacement at different times. Comparison of the diffusion coefficients simulated by the MD simulation technique, predicted by the Piringer model and experiments, showed that, except for a few samples, the MD-simulated values were in agreement with the experimental values within one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the diffusion process for additives is discussed in detail, and four factors - the interaction energy between additive molecules and PET, fractional free volume, molecular shape and size, and self-diffusion of the polymer - are proposed to illustrate the microscopic diffusion mechanism. The movement trajectories of additives in PET cell models suggested that the additive molecules oscillate slowly rather than hopping for a long time. Occasionally, when a sufficiently large hole was created adjacently, the molecule could undergo spatial motion by jumping into the free-volume hole and consequently start a continuous oscillation and hop. The results indicate that MD simulation is a useful approach for predicting the microstructure and diffusion coefficient of plastic additives, and help to estimate the migration level of additives from PET packaging.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human tumors in the United States. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa plant, has been reported to exert its antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of curcumin-mediated tumor suppressive function have not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we explore whether curcumin exhibits its anti-cancer function through inhibition of oncoprotein cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) in pancreatic cancer cells. We found that curcumin inhibited cell growth, enhanced apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest and retarded cell invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, we observed that curcumin significantly inhibited the expression of Cdc20 in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that overexpression of Cdc20 enhanced cell proliferation and invasion, and abrogated the cytotoxic effects induced by curcumin in pancreatic cancer cells. Consistently, downregulation of Cdc20 promoted curcumin-mediated anti-tumor activity. Therefore, our findings indicated that inhibition of Cdc20 by curcumin could be useful for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.