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Objective: To investigate the longitudinal changes in crown inclination of permanent incisors and first molars in juveniles with normal occlusion., Methods: The untreated sample comprised 20 subjects (6 males and 14 females) with normal occlusion from the Research Centre for Craniofacial Growth and Development of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. Crown inclination was evaluated with Biaggini Rayset in two stages, stage I with first molars and four incisors in occlusion (mean, 9.5 +/- 0.9 years) and stage II with the second molars in occlusion (mean, 13.7 +/- 1.3 years)., Results: No significant difference was found between sexual groups. The crown inclination of the upper central incisors decreased (P < 0.001). The crown inclination of the lower central and lateral incisors increased (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The crown inclination of maxillary molars decreased with growth (P < 0.001), whereas that of mandibular molars increased with growth (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Maxillary molars tended to become upright lingually, whereas mandibular molars upright buccally with growth.

Objective: To study the promoter hypermethylation of several tumor suppressor genes in gastric carcinoma (GC) tissue and adjacent normal gastric foveolar epithelium (GFE)., Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to examine the promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes E-cadherin, hMLH1, APC and MGMT in paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal foveolar epithelium in 106 cases., Results: The positive rate of genes promoter methylation was 44.3% (47/106 cases) and 72.6% (77/106 cases) at one or more genes tested in the normal GFE and GC tissue, respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of gene promoter methylation between normal GFE and GC tissue (P = 0.0001). There was a significant association with Laurén classification, degree of differentiation and pTNM staging in GC (P < 0.05), but no significant association with Ming's classification (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Tumor suppressor genes promoter methylation is frequently present in GC and adjacent normal gastric foveolar epithelium, especially in Laurén diffuse type GC, poorly differentiated GC, mucus-secreting (signet ring) cell GC and pTNM stage III and IV GC. Our findings indicate that the gene promoter methylation is a common and early event in GC carcinogensis.

Objective: To determine the effect of different doses of sufentanil on stress responses to tracheal intubation in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery., Methods: Sixty patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15). Before the tracheal intubation, patients received 10microg/kg fentanyl (Group A), 1microg/kg sufentanil (Group B ), 1.5micro/kg sufentanil (Group C), and 1.5microg/kg sufentanil (Group D), respectively, with midazolum and vecuronium intravenous injection. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded before the induction of anesthesia(T(0)), after the induction of anesthesia(T(1)), and at 1(T(2)), 3(T(3)), 5(T(4)), and 10 min after the tracheal intubation(T(5)). Rate-pressure product was derived from SBP and HR. Blood sugar was monitored at T(0), T(2) and T5., Results: The SBP,DBP,MAP, HR and RPP at T(0) were not significantly different among the 4 groups (P>0.05). These parameters at T(1) were significantly lower than those at T(0) (P<0.01), but there was not significant difference among the 4 groups. The SBP, DBP, MAP in Group A increased significantly at T(2) and T(3) than those at T(1)(P<0.01 approximately 0.05), but were not significantly different than those at T(0)(P>0.05). The SBP,MAP in Group B,C,D at T(2) and T(3) were significantly lower than those in Group A (P<0.01 approximately 0.05 ). The SBP and MAP in Group D at T(4) were still lower than those in Group A (P<0.05). The HR at T(2) in Group A increased compared with that at T(1)(P<0.05),but was still lower than that at T(0). The HR at T(2) in Group B, C, and D was not significantly changed. The HR decreased significantly at T(2) in Group D compared with that in Group A(P<0.05), and the HR at T5 in Group A and D significantly decreased compared with that in Group B(P<0.05). The RPP at T(1) to T5 in Group B, C, and D significantly decreased compared with that at T(0)(P<0.01). The RPP at T(2) in Group A increased significantly compared with those in Group B, C, and D(P<0.01). The cases of using atropine during the induction and intubation in Group A,B,C, and D were 5(33.3%),0(0%),4(26.7%),5(33.3%),respectively, and the cases in Group B were significantly different compared with those in Group A and D(P<0.05). The change of blood sugar in Group A,B,C, and D was not significantly different(P>0.05)., Conclusion: Three doses of sufentanil may effectively control the stress responses to the tracheal intubation in patients undergoing heart valve replacement surgery, and the hemodynamics during the intubation at 1microg/kg is much more stable.

Objective: To study the promoter methylation of several tumor suppressor genes in human gastric foveolar epithelia (GFE) of chronic gastritis, adjacent GFE of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and GAC., Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) technique was used to examine the promoter methylation of 4 tumor suppressor genes (E-cadherin, hMLH1, APC, and MGMT) in 106 paraffin-embedded specimens of GAC, including tumor tissues and adjacent GFE, and 16 paraffin-embedded specimens of GFE of chronic gastritis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of E-cadherin (E-CD) in 46 out of the 106 cases of GAC., Results: The promoter methylation rates of tumor suppressor genes in the GAC tissue were 72.6% (77/106), significantly higher than that in the adjacent GFE (44.3%, 47/106) and the GFE of chronic gastritis (12.5%, 2/16, P < 0.01). The promote methylation rate of tumor suppressor genes in the GAC Laurén diffuse type was 80.6% (50/62), significantly higher than that of the GAC of intestinal type (61.4%, 27/44, P < 0.01). The rates of promoter methylation was significantly associated with depth of penetration, pTNM staging and degree of differentiation in GAC (all P < 0.05), but was no significantly associated with age, gender, Ming's classification and local lymph node metastasis (all P > 0.05). The rate of loss of E-CD protein expression or heterogeneously reduction of E-CD protein expression in the specimens of GAC with promoter methylation was 90.9% (20/22), significantly higher than that in the specimens of GAC without promoter methylation (9/24, 37.5%, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Promoter methylation of above tumor suppressor genes is seldom found in the GFE of chronic gastritis, frequently found in the adjacent GFE of GAC, but very commonly in GAC. Promoter methylation may be an early event in the carcinogenesis of GAC. E-CD gene promoter methylation is closely related to loss or heterogeneously reduction of E-CD protein expression.

Objective: To study the significance of anti-soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas (anti-SLA/LP) in diagnosing and typing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)., Methods: Six thousand patients with abnormal liver functions, who had their autoantibodies checked by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and immune blotting assay, were reviewed retrospectively., Results: Of these 6000 patients with liver diseases, 84 were diagnosed AIH. Eighteen patients, 0.3% of the 6000, patients with abnormal liver functions, were SLA/LP antibody positive, of which 17 were with AIH-III [2/17 with AIH /primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) overlap syndrome], and 1 with chronic hepatitis B. Sensitivity and specificity of SLA/LP antibody in diagnosing AIH were 20.2% and 99.7% respectively, and the positive prediction value was 94.44%. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer in the AIH-III group was significantly lower than that of the AIH-I group (P < 0.05). The age of patients with anti-SLA/LP was higher (58.8% were over 50 years old) than those without this antibody (52.2% were 30 to 50 years old). There were no significant differences between the type III and type I AIH regarding gender, age, abnormal degree of liver function, PTA, IgG, liver cirrhosis rates and response to immunosuppressive therapy., Conclusion: Anti-SLA/LP is highly specific for diagnosing AIH. Comparing the clinical data of type III and type I AIH, we did not find significant differences between the two groups.

Objective: To compare the treatment effect on the prominence of profile in borderline cases between extraction and non-extraction treatment., Methods: The sample consisting of 33 borderline cases based on the judgment of 5 orthodontic specialists was divided into three groups according to the treatment way selected by the doctor in charge of the case. Three groups comprised 12 non-extraction cases, 13 four first premolars extraction cases and 8 four second premolars extraction cases. Structure superimposition was used to measure landmarks displacements which reflect the change of profile prominence before and after orthodontic treatment using pretreatment FH plane as a frame of reference., Results: Only the prominence of upper and lower incisors showed statistically significance between the extraction and non-extraction treatments. There was no statistically significant difference between the extraction of four first premolars and second premolars., Conclusion: The main effect of extraction vs. non-extraction on profile of borderline cases is the prominence of upper and lower incisors, while their influences on upper and lower base bone and soft-tissue profile are not obvious.

The mechanism in which trehalose is produced from dextrin or starch hydrolyzate by endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97 can be elucidated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with differential refraction detection (RI) basically, including the effect of the different carbon sources on the endocellular trehalose-producing enzymes in bacterium D-97 and the possibility or ability of the endocellular enzymes to produce trehalose using maltooligosaccharides of different chain lengths. After purification of endocellular enzymes of bacterium D-97, two enzymes (called Enzyme A and Enzyme B) related to trehalose synthesis were found. The unknown oligosaccharides produced by Enzyme A were analyzed with the HPLC/RI and HPLC/ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometry). The results showed the relative molecular masses of the unknown oligosaccharides were the same as those of the enzymatic reaction substances (maltotriose, maltotetraose and maltopentaose) respectively. In combining with other results of biological experiments, these unknown oligosaccharides had been identified basically. There was no reduction power in these unknown oligosaccharides and only one trehalose residue exited in the molecular chain of these unknown oligosaccharides.